内容正文:
Unit 7 Happy Birthday! 知识精讲
新人教版七年级上册
一、单元目标
学完本单元,你应该能够:
1. 能说出十二个月份和序数词,并表达日期。
2. 能用 When is your birthday? 提问并作答。
3. 能用 how many / how much 谈论数量和价格。
4. 能写一段话介绍自己或家人的生日安排。
二、核心词汇
celebrate v. /ˈselɪbreɪt/ 庆祝;庆贺
surprise n. & v. /səˈpraɪz/ 惊奇;惊讶;使感到意外
something pron. /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ 某事;某物
sale n. /seɪl/ 出售;销售
kilo n. /ˈkiːləʊ/ 千克;公斤
yogurt n. /ˈjɒɡət/ 酸奶(= yoghurt)
total n. & adj. /ˈtəʊtl/ 总数;合计;总的
price n. /praɪs/ 价格
balloon n. /bəˈluːn/ 气球
chocolate n. /ˈtʃɒklət/ 巧克力
pizza n. /ˈpiːtsə/ 比萨饼
list n. & v. /lɪst/ 名单;清单;列表
own adj. & pron. /əʊn/ 自己的;本人的
example n. /ɪɡˈzɑːmpl/ 例子;范例
for example 例如
language n. /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/ 语言
international adj. /ˌɪntəˈnæʃnəl/ 国际的
mark v. & n. /mɑːk/ 做记号;纪念;记号
national adj. /ˈnæʃnəl/ 国家的;民族的
found v. /faʊnd/ 创建;创立
meaningful adj. /ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ 有意义的;重要的
make a wish 许愿
celebration n. /ˌselɪˈbreɪʃn/ 庆典;庆祝(活动)
post n. & v. /pəʊst/ 帖子;邮寄;发布
contact n. & v. /ˈkɒntækt/ 联系;接触
symbol n. /ˈsɪmbl/ 象征;符号
take a photo 拍照
village n. /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/ 村庄;村镇
grow v. /ɡrəʊ/ 成长;长大;增长
blow v. /bləʊ/ 吹;刮
blow out 吹灭
enjoy v. /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ 享受……的乐趣;喜欢
height n. /haɪt/ 身高;高度
later adv. & adj. /ˈleɪtə(r)/ 以后(的);后来(的)
next time 下次
whom pron. /huːm/ 谁;什么人
专有名词
William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚
Florence Nightingale 弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔
National Day 国庆节
CPC Founding Day 中国共产党建党纪念日
PLA Day 中国人民解放军建军节
Judy /ˈdʒuːdi/ 朱迪
Clark /klɑːk/ 克拉克
三、常用短语
for example 例如
make a wish 许愿
take a photo 拍照
blow out 吹灭
next time 下次
四、语音过关 /h/ /r/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /w/ /j/
音标
发音要领
常见字母
教材例词
/h/
气流从声门出,声带不振动(不是汉语的"喝")
h
how, house, who
/r/
舌尖卷起接近上齿龈,不碰上
r
right, read, price
/l/
舌尖抵上齿龈,气流从舌两侧出
l / ll
let, help, will
/m/
双唇闭合,气流从鼻腔出
m
May, climb, swim
/n/
舌尖抵上齿龈,气流从鼻腔出
n
ninth, hundred, win
/ŋ/
舌根抵软腭,气流从鼻腔出
ng / n(k 前)
thing, wing, tank
/w/
双唇收圆突出后放开,声带振动
w / wh
week, sweet, when
/j/
舌前部抬向硬腭,声带振动
y
yes, year, yogurt
最小对立对练习(读一读,听辨差别)
how /haʊ/ right /raɪt/ let /let/ May /meɪ/
ninth /naɪnθ/ thing /θɪŋ/ week /wiːk/ yes /jes/
语调练习
一般疑问句用升调,特殊疑问句和陈述句用降调。读一读,注意每句的语调。
A: Can I ask you some questions?(升调)
B: Sure. Go ahead.(降调)
A: When is your birthday?(降调)
B: On 23rd July.
A: Which year?(降调) B: Every year.
A: What do you always get on your birthday?(降调)
B: One year older.
即学即练
一、按读音给下列单词归类:
how right let May ninth thing week yes house read help climb
/h/ ________
/r/ ________
/l/ ________
/m/ ________
/n/ ________
/ŋ/ ________
/w/ ________
/j/ ________
二、选出划线部分读音与其他三个不同的一项:
1. ( ) A. ninth B. hundred C. win D. thing
2. ( ) A. let B. help C. will D. right
3. ( ) A. week B. sweet C. when D. yes
4. ( ) A. how B. house C. which D. help
五、核心句型
一、询问与说明生日
◆ When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候?
◆ It's on 2nd August. / It's on August 2nd. 在八月二日。
◆ How old are you? — I am thirteen. 你多大了?——我十三岁。
◆ My birthday is in June. 我的生日在六月。
二、谈论庆祝活动
◆ We have a birthday party. 我们举办生日聚会。
◆ I make a wish and blow out the candles. 我许愿并吹灭蜡烛。
◆ We sing Happy Birthday and take photos. 我们唱生日歌并拍照。
◆ Happy birthday to you! 祝你生日快乐!
三、购物与价格
◆ How much is it? — It's twenty yuan. 多少钱?——二十元。
◆ How many balloons do we need? 我们需要多少个气球?
◆ The total price is fifty yuan. 总价是五十元。
四、谈论节日与纪念日
◆ National Day is on 1st October. 国庆节在十月一日。
◆ It is a meaningful day for us. 对我们来说这是有意义的一天。
六、语法规则
语法一 序数词与日期表达
说日期要用序数词(第一、第二……),这是本单元的核心,也是听力题常考的内容。序数词和基数词只差几个字母,但容易写错。
1. 基数词变序数词的规则
多数序数词在基数词后加 -th;有几个特殊变化必须单独记。
Today is my twelfth birthday. 今天是我十二岁生日。
It is on the third of December. 在十二月三日。
基数词
序数词
变化规律
one
first (1st)
特殊
two
second (2nd)
特殊
three
third (3rd)
特殊
five
fifth (5th)
ve → f 加 th
eight
eighth (8th)
只加 h
nine
ninth (9th)
去 e 加 th
twelve
twelfth (12th)
ve → f 加 th
twenty
twentieth (20th)
y → ie 加 th
four
fourth (4th)
一般加 th
six
sixth (6th)
一般加 th
2. 十二个月份
月份首字母必须大写,这是考试常设的陷阱。
月份
缩写
月份
缩写
January
Jan.
July
Jul.
February
Feb.
August
Aug.
March
Mar.
September
Sept.
April
Apr.
October
Oct.
May
May
November
Nov.
June
Jun.
December
Dec.
3. 日期的两种读法
英式英语把日子放前面,美式英语把月份放前面,两种都对。
It's on 2nd August.(英式) 在八月二日。
It's on August 2nd.(美式) 在八月二日。
写法
读法
说明
2nd August
the second of August
英式:日 + 月
August 2nd
August the second
美式:月 + 日
on 1st October
the first of October
日期前用介词 on
in June
in June
只说月份用 in
易错辨析
× It is on August two.
√ It is on August 2nd. 日期要用序数词
× My birthday is in 2nd August.
√ My birthday is on 2nd August. 具体日期用 on
× It is on 2nd august.
√ It is on 2nd August. 月份首字母大写
× Today is my twelveth birthday.
√ Today is my twelfth birthday. twelve → twelfth
即学即练
1. 写出序数词:one ________ two ________ three ________ five ________
2. 写出序数词:eight ________ nine ________ twelve ________ twenty ________
3. 翻译:我的生日在十月一日。
4. 改错:My birthday is in 3rd May.
⚠ 答题要点
记牢五个特殊序数词:first、second、third、fifth、twelfth;另外月份首字母一定大写。
语法二 how many 与 how much
两个短语都表示"多少",但一个问可数、一个问不可数,how much 还能问价格。这是购物话题的必考点。
1. how many + 可数名词复数
how many 后面接可数名词的复数形式。
How many balloons do we need? 我们需要多少个气球?
How many students are there in your class? 你们班有多少学生?
2. how much + 不可数名词 / 问价格
how much 后面接不可数名词;单独使用时问价格。
How much yogurt do you want? 你想要多少酸奶?
How much is the pizza? — It's thirty yuan. 比萨多少钱?——三十元。
How much are the balloons? — They're ten yuan. 气球多少钱?——十元。
结构
后面接什么
例句
how many
可数名词复数
How many balloons …?
how much + 名词
不可数名词
How much yogurt …?
how much(单独用)
问价格
How much is it?
易错辨析
× How much balloons do we need?
√ How many balloons do we need? balloons 可数,用 how many
× How many yogurt do you want?
√ How much yogurt do you want? yogurt 不可数,用 how much
× How much are the pizza?
√ How much is the pizza? pizza 单数,用 is
即学即练
1. 填空:________ ________ balloons do we need?
2. 填空:________ ________ yogurt do you want?
3. 填空:________ ________ is the chocolate?
4. 改错:How many milk do you want?
⚠ 答题要点
先看名词可数不可数——可数用 how many,不可数用 how much;问价格一律用 how much。
七、考点突破
一 in / on / at 与时间、节日的搭配
表达日期和节日时,介词的选择是中考高频陷阱。
三个介词的分工
in 接月份、年份、季节;on 接具体某天、星期、节日当天;at 接钟点和中午夜晚。
My birthday is in June. 我的生日在六月。(月份)
My birthday is on 2nd August. 我的生日在八月二日。(具体日期)
National Day is on 1st October. 国庆节在十月一日。
We have a party at six. 我们六点开聚会。
介词
后面接什么
例句
in
月份、年份、季节、上午下午晚上
in June / in 2024 / in the morning
on
具体某天、星期几、节日当天
on 1st October / on Monday / on National Day
at
钟点、noon、night
at six / at noon / at night
易错辨析
× National Day is in 1st October.
√ National Day is on 1st October. 具体日期用 on
× My birthday is on June.
√ My birthday is in June. 只说月份用 in
× We have a party on six.
√ We have a party at six. 钟点前用 at
即学即练
1. 填空:My birthday is ________ May.
2. 填空:Our National Day is ________ 1st October.
3. 填空:We have a birthday party ________ seven.
4. 改错:Children's Day is in 1st June.
⚠ 答题要点
记牢:月份用 in,日期用 on,钟点用 at。
二 enjoy 的用法
enjoy 是本单元新词,也是中考高频动词,搭配固定。
规则一 enjoy doing sth
enjoy 后面接动词时要用 doing,不接 to do。
I enjoy reading English stories. 我喜欢读英语故事。
The children enjoy playing games. 孩子们喜欢玩游戏。
规则二 enjoy oneself = have a good time
enjoy oneself 表示"玩得开心",oneself 要随主语变化。
We enjoyed ourselves at the party. 我们在聚会上玩得很开心。
Enjoy yourself! 玩得开心!
主语
反身代词
例句
I
myself
I enjoyed myself.
you
yourself
Enjoy yourself!
we
ourselves
We enjoyed ourselves.
they
themselves
They enjoyed themselves.
易错辨析
× I enjoy to read stories.
√ I enjoy reading stories. enjoy 后接 doing
× We enjoyed us at the party.
√ We enjoyed ourselves at the party. 反身代词要和主语一致
即学即练
1. 填空:She enjoys ________ (listen) to music.
2. 填空:We enjoyed ________ at the birthday party.
3. 改错:He enjoys to play football.
⚠ 答题要点
enjoy、finish、mind 后面都接 doing;enjoy oneself 的反身代词要跟主语对应。
三 something 与 anything 的区别
两个不定代词用法不同,是中考选择题的常考点。
规则一 something 用于肯定句
something 表示"某事、某物",多用于肯定句。
I want something to eat. 我想要点吃的。
There is something wrong with my bike. 我的自行车出毛病了。
规则二 anything 用于否定句和疑问句
anything 多用于否定句和疑问句。
I don't want anything to eat. 我什么都不想吃。
Do you want anything to drink? 你想喝点什么吗?
词
用于什么句
例句
something
肯定句
I want something to eat.
anything
否定句、疑问句
I don't want anything.
nothing
否定含义(本身是否定)
I want nothing.
everything
全部
Everything is ready.
规则三 形容词要后置
修饰 something / anything 等不定代词的形容词要放在后面。
I want something hot. 我想要点热的。
Is there anything new? 有什么新消息吗?
易错辨析
× I want hot something.
√ I want something hot. 形容词修饰不定代词要后置
× Do you want something to drink?
√ Do you want anything to drink? 疑问句用 anything
即学即练
1. 填空:There is ________ (something / anything) wrong with my bike.
2. 填空:I don't want ________ (something / anything).
3. 改错:Is there new anything in the newspaper?
⚠ 答题要点
形容词修饰 something / anything 时要放在后面:something new,不是 new something。
四 国家节日与纪念日的英文说法
教材词表专门收录了几个中国节日的英文说法,这也是书面表达中体现文化自信的加分点。
常见节日说法
下面几个说法要能写对,注意首字母大写。
National Day is on 1st October. 国庆节在十月一日。
CPC Founding Day is on 1st July. 建党节在七月一日。
PLA Day is on 1st August. 建军节在八月一日。
英文
中文
日期
National Day
国庆节
10 月 1 日
CPC Founding Day
中国共产党建党纪念日
7 月 1 日
PLA Day
中国人民解放军建军节
8 月 1 日
Children's Day
儿童节
6 月 1 日
Teachers' Day
教师节
9 月 10 日
the Spring Festival
春节
农历正月初一
the Mid-Autumn Festival
中秋节
农历八月十五
易错辨析
× national day is on 1st October.
√ National Day is on 1st October. 节日名首字母大写
× Children's Day is on 1st June.(问:对吗?)
√ 对。Children's Day is on 1st June. 英式日期写法:日 + 月
即学即练
1. 翻译:国庆节在十月一日。
2. 翻译:儿童节在六月一日。
3. 填空:________ ________ is on 1st August.(建军节)
⚠ 答题要点
节日名是专有名词,每个实词首字母都要大写;前面不加 the(但 the Spring Festival 要加)。
八、文化小贴士
1. 相关国家与地名
英文
中文
说明
National Day
国庆节
中国:10 月 1 日
CPC Founding Day
建党纪念日
中国:7 月 1 日
PLA Day
建军节
中国:8 月 1 日
2. 文化差异
标题
内容
生日习俗
中国人生日吃长寿面(long noodles)和鸡蛋;英美人吃生日蛋糕(birthday cake)并吹蜡烛
生日歌
英语的 Happy Birthday to You 是世界通用的生日歌
3. 相关表达
英文
中文
说明
birthday cake
生日蛋糕
英美人过生日的必备
long noodles
长寿面
中国生日传统食物,象征长寿
chocolate
巧克力
常见生日礼物
balloon
气球
装饰生日聚会用
九、写作指导
任务一 我的生日
假设你要向笔友介绍你的生日,请写一段话。
要求:1. 写明生日日期和年龄;2. 介绍生日当天的活动;
3. 写一写收到的礼物或感受;4. 词数 60 左右。
段落提纲
段落
内容
可套用句型
第一段
生日日期与年龄
My birthday is on …. I am … years old.
第二段
庆祝活动
We have a birthday party. I make a wish and blow out the candles.
第三段
礼物与食物
My parents give me …. We eat birthday cake and long noodles.
结尾
感受
It is a meaningful day for me. / I enjoy myself.
参考答案
一、语音过关答案
一、/h/ how, house /r/ right, read /l/ let, help /m/ May, climb
/n/ ninth /ŋ/ thing /w/ week /j/ yes
二、1. D(thing 是 /ŋ/) 2. D(right 是 /r/) 3. D(yes 是 /j/) 4. C(which 的 h 不发音)
二、语法规则 即学即练答案
语法一 序数词与日期
1. first;second;third;fifth
2. eighth;ninth;twelfth;twentieth
3. My birthday is on 1st October.(或 on October 1st)
4. in → on(具体日期用 on)
语法二 how many 与 how much
1. How many(balloons 可数)
2. How much(yogurt 不可数)
3. How much(问价格)
4. How many → How much(milk 不可数)
三、考点突破 即学即练答案
考点一 in / on / at 与时间
1. in(月份)
2. on(具体日期)
3. at(钟点)
4. in → on(具体日期用 on)
考点二 enjoy 的用法
1. listening(enjoy doing sth)
2. ourselves(主语是 we)
3. to play → playing
考点三 something 与 anything
1. something(肯定句)
2. anything(否定句)
3. new anything → anything new(形容词后置)
考点四 节日说法
1. National Day is on 1st October.
2. Children's Day is on 1st June.
3. PLA Day
四、写作指导 参考范文
Dear Judy,
How are you? Let me tell you about my birthday.
My birthday is on 2nd August. I am thirteen years old this year. On that day, we have a birthday party at home. My mother makes a big birthday cake and my father buys some balloons.
At the party, I make a wish and blow out the candles. My friends sing Happy Birthday to me. We eat cake, pizza and long noodles. My parents give me a new bike as a gift.
It is a meaningful day for me and I enjoy myself very much. When is your birthday?
Yours,
Li Hua
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$