上海市上海师范大学附属宝山罗店中学2026-2027学年第一学期高三年级第一次诊断调研英语

2026 学年第一学期高三年级第一次诊断调研 英　语 2026.10 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A （10 分） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Timeless Tradition of Chinese Tea Ceremony The Chinese tea ceremony, known as gongfu cha, represents one of China’s (21) ________ (refined) cultural practices, blending philosophy, etiquette, and sensory appreciation into a single ritual. (22) ________ (date) back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), this tradition has evolved into a meditative （冥想的）art form that continues to captivate both practitioners and observers worldwide. The tea ceremony is built around four key elements: good tea, clean water, the right teapot, and proper brewing methods. Tea experts first heat special Yixing clay teapots—these teapots improve with repeated use (23) ________ they soak up tea flavors. Then they add oolong or Pu’er tea leaves. The water is kept hot but never boiling (24) ________ (bring) out the tea’s best taste, and the same leaves are used to make several cups of tea. Every action (25) ________ (matter), from washing the leaves to pouring tea into small cups, following traditional rules that require full concentration. The tea ceremony is not just about making tea. It teaches important life values like peace and respect, which Confucius taught long ago. When tea is poured in circles, it represents how life keeps going. Serving tea to older people first shows respect for elders. Scientists now prove (26) ________ ancient people knew—a substance called L-theanine in tea helps people feel calm but focused. This natural relaxing effect (27) ________ (exist) hundreds of years before people started talking about “mindfulness”. Interestingly, regional variations reveal cultural diversity. Fujian’s ceremonies emphasize floral aromas, (28) ________ Tibetan butter tea addresses high-altitude nutritional needs. Contemporary adaptations include tea-meditation hybrids in Shanghai skyscrapers, proving this ancient practice remains dynamically relevant. As globalization accelerates, the tea ceremony offers a counterbalance—a space (29) ________ time slows down, relationships deepen, and we reconnect with nature’s rhythms. This 1,300-year-old tradition still teaches us invaluable lessons (30) ________ patience, precision, and presence in our fast-paced world. Section B （10 分） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. unfamiliar B. redefine C. distinguish D. measurable E. impressions F. coining G. social H. standard I. underserved J. breakdown K. wealth Do you sometimes feel like a cheat? Recently we have become interested in a particular aspect of fraudulence—impostor syndrome—the sense that our accomplishments are in some way (31) ________, even if the evidence is to the contrary. Impostor syndrome seems to have become increasingly common. That is partly because we have given the phenomenon a name. Two psychologists, Pauline Clance and Suzanne Imes, are credited with (32) ________ the term in a landmark study in the late 1970s, in which they identified the “internal experience” of feeling like an “intellectual cheat”. But our growing preoccupation （念念不忘）with impostorism is also a result of fundamental (33) ________ change. In the past, most people were employed to make things—and it’s fairly easy to (34) ________ an expert chairmaker or bricklayer from a greenhand. Many more of us now work in the service economy: our lives are spent creating (35) ________ rather than real items. There is no objective (36) ________ for providing a “great customer experience”. To be an excellent manager is a vague thing. At every level of every field, the number of roles where achievement is neither entirely (37) ________ nor objective has grown. Professional life today leaves us trying to (38) ________ ourselves. We no longer have “a job for life”, but instead search endlessly for promotion and variety, which leads us to promise things we don’t yet know how to do. The (39) ________ of class structures has worsened this phenomenon. The disappearance of the feudal （封建的）system is a good thing, but when we are no longer born into a role, or when we find ourselves in a job that would have been (40) ________ to, or even impossible for, our parents, it’s hardly surprising that we worry about whether or not we deserve it. III. Reading Comprehension Section A （15 分） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. When you are stuck on a problem, sometimes it is best to stop thinking about it—consciously, anyway. Research has shown that taking a break or a nap can help the brain create ____41____ to a solution. Now a new study ____42____ on the effect of this so-called incubation （潜伏期）by using sound cues to focus the sleeping mind on a targeted problem. When humans sleep, parts of the brain replay certain memories, strengthening and transforming them. About a decade ago researchers developed a technique, called targeted memory reactivation (TMR), aimed at further enhancing ____43____ memories: when a sound becomes associated with a memory and is later played during sleep, that memory gets ____44____. In a study published last November in Psychological Science, scientists tested whether ____45____ the memory of a puzzle during sleep might also improve problem-solving. About 60 participants visited the laboratory before and after a night of ____46____. First, they ____47____ spatial, verbal and conceptual puzzles, with a distinct music clip repeating in the background for each, until they had worked on six puzzles they could not solve. Overnight they wore electrodes （电极）to detect slow-wave sleep, which may be important for memory enhancement—and a device played the sounds ____48____ to three of the six unsolved puzzles. The next day, back at the lab, the participants attempted the six puzzles again. (Each repeated the experiment with a different set of puzzles the following night.) All told, the subjects solved 32 percent of the sound-stimulated puzzles compared with 21 percent of the ____49____ puzzles. The researchers “very bravely went for quite complex tasks that involved a lot of complex processing, and remarkably they found these really strong effects in all of their ____50____,” says Penny Lewis, a psychologist at Cardiff University, who was not involved in the research. “These are supercool results. Now we need to go out and try to understand them by firstly replicating （复制）them and secondly trying to ____51____ the component processes that are actually being influenced.” Beyond providing new evidence that humans restructure memories while sleeping, the research may have ____52____ implications. “In a futuristic world, maybe TMR could help us use sleep to work on our problems,” says lead author Kristin Sanders, who was a graduate student at Northwestern University during the study. Sleep-monitoring technology is increasingly accessible—and even without devices, prospective solvers can focus on important problems before ____53____. Still, sleep is not ____54____; people need to do their homework and load their heads with the puzzle pieces involved. “I’m not going to solve cancer with this technique,” Sanders says, “because I am totally ____55____ cancer research.” 41.A. pathways B. commitment C. attention D. applications 42.A. counts B. insists C. expands D. passes 43.A. treasured B. shortened C. devoted D. selected 44.A. reactivated B. stored C. dimmed D. researched 45.A. neglecting B. examining C. erasing D. revisiting 46.A. experiment B. sleep C. training D. relaxation 47.A. created B. solved C. classified D. attempted 48.A. explained B. transformed C. assigned D. introduced 49.A. unsettled B. untested C. unstated D. untargeted 50.A. tasks B. brains C. processes D. puzzles 51.A. work out B. turn to C. take on D. bring about 52.A. individual B. conceptual C. collective D. practical 53.A. dinner B. dawn C. bed D. schooling 54.A. significant B. magic C. fixed D. possible 55.A. dependent on B. ignorant of C. interested in D. curious about Section B （22 分） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent. In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to “book” him. “Booking” means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station. The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away—for example, because he owns a house and has a family—he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail （保释金）. At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court lawyer to defend the suspect if he can’t afford one. The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney’s office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there are enough reasons to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty. At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted （宣判有罪）, the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be. The judge may sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation （缓刑）. The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government. 56. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people. B. The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent. C. Under the American court system, the judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty. D. The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect. 57. According to the passage, “he can go free” (para. 3) means ________. A. the suspect is free to choose a lawyer to defend him B. the suspect does not have to go to trial because the judge has decided he is innocent C. the suspect does not have to wait in jail or pay money until he goes to trial D. the suspect will be informed by mail whether he is innocent or not 58. What is the purpose of having the suspect pay bail? A. To pay for the judge and the trial. B. To ensure that the suspect will return to court. C. To pay for a court lawyer to defend the suspect. D. To ensure that the suspect will appear in prison. 59. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. The jury considers the evidence in the court room. B. The police can arrest a suspect without giving any reasons. C. It is the responsibility of the suspect to prove he is innocent. D. The American justice system sometimes operates not so quickly. （B） measure [‘meʒə] noun, verb * noun 1. [C, often pl.] an action that is intended to achieve or deal with something: a temporary measure to stop the problem, take stronger measures against drug abuse 2. [C] an amount of a particular quality that is neither large nor small 3. [+of] a way of judging something: a measure of one’s ability 4. [C] an object such as a RULER used for finding out a particular measurement 4a a system used for expressing a particular quantity: liquid and dry measures [PHR] ① be a measure of sth to show how good a particular quality is ② beyond measure very large/great: The beauty of the West Lake is beyond measure. ③ for good measure as a way of making something complete or better: Add some salt to the soup for good measure. ④ the full measure of sth something at its strongest, most powerful etc.: We were treated to the full measure of her anger. ⑤ take sb’s measure to know or understand what someone is really like so that you can decide how to deal with them or defeat them. ⑥ half measures action that fails to deal with something completely or effectively. ⑦ in full measure to the greatest degree or in the largest amount [IDM] ① measure for measure: to do something harmful or unpleasant to someone because they have done something harmful or unpleasant to you ② for good measure as an extra part ③ keep measures with: be not mean to • verb 1. to find the exact size, amount, speed etc. of something using a special tool or special equipment: measure the distance between the two points/measure the atmospheric gases responsible for the ozone destruction 2. [linking verb] to be a particular size: The room measures about 12 feet by 13 feet. 3. to find the size of someone’s body in order to buy or make clothes for them: measure sb. for a new suit 4. [often passive] to form an opinion about how good or bad something is 5. [PHRV] 1. measure off: to measure a particular length, width, height etc., often at a point where something is to be cut: He took a piece of cloth and measured off a couple of meters. 2. measure out: to take a particular amount of something from a larger amount 3. measure up ① to be good enough. ② to measure something in preparation for making, building, or fitting something else. I measure up the boards and then Joe cuts them into pieces. 60. —The manager lost his face at the meeting yesterday as the employees spoke out against him. —I think the punishment is ________ because he is always rude to us. A. measure for measure B. a measure of him C. for good measure D. beyond measure 61. If a car does not ________ to the standard or expectations of customers, it won’t sell well on the market. A. measure out B. measure up C. measure off D. measure on 62. Which of the following italicized words does not agree with the other in meaning? A. Their joys and laughs were a good measure of satisfaction with the meal. B. Record sales are not always a measure of a singer’s popularity. C. The headmaster has no reliable measure of the damage done to his reputation. D. With the exception of Jordan, each achieved a measure of success. （C） With economies in free fall, managers need up-to-date information about what is happening to their businesses, so that they can change course rapidly if necessary. Cisco, an American network-equipment giant, has invested over many years in the technology needed to generate such data. Frank Calderoni, the firm’s CEO, says that every day its senior executives can track exactly what orders are coming in from sales teams around the world, and identify emerging trends in each region and market segment （部分）. And at the end of each month, the firm can get reliable financial results within four hours of closing its books. Most firms have to wait days or even weeks for such certainty. Admittedly, Cisco’s financial results have not made happy reading recently because, in common with many other large technology companies, it has seen demand for its products drop in the downturn. In early February, it announced that its fiscal second-quarter revenues of $ 9.1 billion were 7.5% lower than the same period in 2008 and that its profit had fallen by 27%, to $1.5 billion. In response to hard times, Cisco plans to cut $1 billion from its costs this year by, among other things, making use of its own video-conferencing and other communication technologies to reduce the amount its executives travel. It is also using these facilities to convey information from employees on the ground to its senior managers, and to get instructions from Cisco’s leaders back out to its staff of 67,000. A rapid exchange of information and instructions is especially valuable if the company wants to alter course during stormy times. If everybody in a company can rapidly grasp what they have to do and how it is changing, they are more likely to get the job done. But some firms are reluctant to share their goals with the wider world. Unilever, a big Anglo-Dutch consumer-goods group, has decided against issuing a 2009 financial forecast to investors, arguing that it is difficult to predict what is going to happen, given the dangerous state of the world economy. “We’re not just going to provide numbers for the sake of it,” explains James Allison, the company’s head of investor relations. Other companies that have decided not to provide annual earnings estimates for 2009 include Costco, a big American retailer, and Union Pacific, an American railway company. Some firms, such as Intel, seem to have chosen to take things quarter by quarter. The giant chip maker said in January that it would not issue an official forecast for the first quarter of 2009 after its fourth-quarter 2008 profit decreased by 90%. Several retail chains have also stopped providing monthly sales estimates because they cannot see what the future holds. Retailers, chip makers and firms in many other industries may have to wait a while before the economic fog finally lifts. 63. What can we learn about Cisco from the passage? A. It will keep a record of the orders from its sales teams. B. It plans to cut $1 billion in costs by solely relying on its own technologies. C. Only employees can use the video-conferencing technologies to pass on information. D. Unlike other technology companies, its financial reports are encouraging. 64. The underlined word “downturn” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A. reverse B. slow down C. policy D. expansion 65. What can we infer from paragraph 4? A. Economic prospects play a key role in investment decisions. B. Unilever is unwilling to forecast its finances due to its poor performance. C. Those who refuse to update will be eliminated from their companies. D. Employees who are willing to share their goals can do the job well. 66. What can we know about the chip maker Intel from the passage? A. Intel chain stores used to report sales estimates by the year. B. Intel’s profits had greatly decreased in the last quarter of 2008. C. Only retailers and chip makers have been affected by the economic downturn. D. It did not issue a first-quarter forecast because of its big decrease in profit in January. Section C （8 分） Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. In the early 20th century, railroad executives made a disastrous error, believing they were only in the railroad business. B. Uber, the recent start-up known for its car transportation services, is continually redefining its business. C. Today, taking a lesson from Theodore Levitt, Uber sees itself as much more than a cab service, ride-sharing service or delivery service. D. The repeated change of the definition of Uber has aroused much controversy. E. Netflix, for example, changed its business model several times. F. This near-sighted focus caused them to lose sight of who their customers were and what they needed. Professor Theodore Levitt, an American economist and professor at Harvard Business School, believes that 20th-century American railroads defined their business too narrowly, especially when they expressly stated, “We are in the railroad business!” ____67____ So railroads failed to develop strategies to compete with airlines, barges, pipelines, and trucks. As a result, many railroads merged （合并）or went bankrupt. Railroads should have realized they were in “the transportation business.” Similarly, the publishing industry defined its business as being only about the printing of newspapers and magazines. The dramatic decline in demand for print publications, however, suggests that it should view itself as being in the information and entertainment business. With today’s increased global competition, many organizations are rethinking their business models—the strategies an organization develops to provide value to the customers it serves. Technological innovation is often the trigger for this business model change, particularly when it is linked to consumer needs. ____68____ It shifted its original DVD rental model to a video streaming model, and then to an original content production model. Bookstore retailer Barnes & Noble, too, is rethinking its business model as e-book readers like Amazon’s Kindle and Apple’s iPad have gained widespread popularity. ____69____ The company started as a limousine service called UberCab. Soon the business was redefined as a ride-sharing service when it added UberX and UberPool apps which allowed drivers to use their own cars. The definition expanded further, to transportation, when UberRush was added to provide package delivery and UberEats was added to provide food delivery from restaurants. ____70____ In fact, Forbes magazine simply describes Uber’s business model as a “frictionless（无摩擦的）middleman.” IV. Summary Writing （10 分） 71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. For decades, it has been common practice for rich countries to give aid to poor counterparts. However, in recent years there has been a growing belief that international aid could be harmful to the recipients. I agree that giving aid to poor countries could do more harm than good. It is true that foreign aid has some benefits. Poor countries can use financial aid to build infrastructure such as roads and schools, thereby facilitating economic growth. Millions of Africans now have access to clean water wells, built with aid money, when previously many of them got sick drinking filthy water. When natural disasters strike poor countries, it is common for the international community to send medical assistance and food to them, thus helping to relieve the suffering of those affected and save lives. However, international aid has far more drawbacks. Around the globe poor countries are often troubled by poor governance, and it is likely that aid to these countries will end up being embezzled （盗用）by corrupt officials, rather than bringing real, concrete benefits to people in need. In war-torn areas, financial assistance may even be used to purchase weapons and in effect fuel conflicts. Foreign aid also has the effect of disrupting the local markets of the recipient countries. When farmers can receive free food on a regular basis they may lose the incentives to grow food on their own. This will hinder the growth of the food industry and create a culture of dependence that is harmful to a country’s long-term development. In summary, although international aid does have its positive aspects, these remain limited in both scope and scale. In many cases, giving aid to poor countries often defeats its purpose, and governments throughout the world should be prudent （审慎的）when it comes to sending and receiving aid. V. Translation （15 分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 万一在地铁上发生紧急状况，请击碎玻璃并按下红色按钮。(case) 73. 这所小学计划调整课表，以使学生进行户外活动并午睡成为可能。(it) 74. 这款手机样式新颖，功能多样，而且操作简单，一定能满足不同人群的多样化需求。(bound) 75. 这个开在公路旁的老字号餐馆极其讲究食材的原汁原味，所用海鲜都是从沿海地区直接空运而来。(emphasis) VI. Guided Writing （25 分） 76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 明启中学下周将举办校运会。假如你是高三（1）班的班长李明，计划带领本班志愿者服务队为参赛选手和观众提供志愿者服务。请起草一份倡议书，向全班同学说明你的计划，倡议书的内容如下： 1. 高三（1）班志愿者服务的具体工作内容和人员安排； 2. 提供该项志愿者服务的理由。 第 1 页/共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $