Unit 1 Section A Grammar Focus (4a–4c) 导学案 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

九年级英语上册 导学案（新课标·分层版） Unit 1 The Changing World Section A Grammar Focus (4a–4c) 课型：语法课（Grammar） 课时：第 4 课时 建议用时：45 分钟 班级 姓名 学号 学习小组 授课教师 日期 年 月 日 【单元 Big Question】 What brings about changes? 什么带来了变化？ 【本课语法重点】 一般过去时 vs used to vs 现在完成时——三种时态对比与运用 一、学习目标（语法课导向·分层设定） 语法知识 Grammar Knowledge ★ 能识别一般过去时、used to、现在完成时的形式和意义。 ★★ 能归纳三种时态的用法区别和标志词。 ★★★ 能理解三种时态在语篇中的对比运用。 语法运用 Grammar Use ★ 能正确使用一般过去时、used to、现在完成时填空。 ★★ 能在语境中正确选择时态。 ★★★ 能在写作和口语中正确运用三种时态描述变化。 语法思维 Grammar Thinking ★ 能从例句中观察并归纳语法规则。 ★★ 能对比三种时态的异同。 ★★★ 能分析时态选择的依据（时间状语/语境）。 二、学习重难点 教学重点：三种时态的形式和意义；在语境中正确选择时态。 教学难点：一般过去时 vs 现在完成时的区别；used to 的各种句式。 三、课前预习 Pre-class Preview（5 分钟·语法发现） Task 1 语法现象观察 ★ 找出下列句子中的动词，判断时态： 1. I walked to school yesterday. ( ________ ) 2. I used to walk to school. ( ________ ) 3. I have walked to school every day this week. ( ________ ) ★★ 对比这三个句子，意思有什么不同？ ★★★ 你能总结出三种时态的用法吗？ Task 2 课本原题预习 ★ 预习 4a，看看你能圈出多少个正确的动词形式。 ★★ 把你不确定的句子画出来，课上重点听。 四、课中导学 In-class Activities（35 分钟） 【Step 1 现象观察 Observation】 建议用时：5 分钟 4a 课本原题：圈出正确的动词形式 【操作】学生独立完成 3 分钟 → 同桌互查 1 分钟 → 教师引导观察 1 分钟。 【课本原题】4a Read the sentences. Circle the correct verb forms. 1. I (walked / have walked) to school yesterday. 2. I (used to walk / am used to walking) to school, but now I take the bus. 3. Great changes (took place / have taken place) in my hometown since 2010. 4. She (didn't use to like / wasn't used to liking) English, but now she likes it very much. 5. (Did you use to / Have you used to) play the piano when you were a child? 6. They (have lived / lived) here for 10 years. 📝 观察与思考 ★ 观察第 1 题：yesterday 是时间状语，用什么时态？ ★★ 观察第 2 题：used to 和 now 对比，说明什么？ ★★★ 观察第 3 题：since 2010 是时间状语，用什么时态？ 【Step 2 规则归纳 Induction】 建议用时：10 分钟 一、三种时态对比表 一般过去时 used to 现在完成时 意义 过去发生的动作 （与现在无关） 过去常常 （现在不这样了） 过去的动作对现在 造成的影响/结果 标志词 yesterday, last week, ...ago, in 2010 ... already, yet, ever, never, since, for 例句 I walked to school yesterday. I used to walk to school. I have walked to school every day this week. 二、used to 的句式变化 【肯定句】主语 + used to + 动词原形 例：I used to walk to school. 【否定句】主语 + didn't use to + 动词原形 / used not to + 动词原形 例：I didn't use to walk to school. = I used not to walk to school. 【疑问句】Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形...? 例：Did you use to walk to school? 【反意疑问句】... used to ..., didn't ...? 例：You used to walk to school, didn't you? 三、易错点辨析 1. used to do（过去常常）vs be used to doing（习惯于做某事） 例：I used to get up early.（过去常常早起） 例：I am used to getting up early.（习惯于早起） 2. have been to（去过已回）vs have gone to（去了未回） 例：I have been to Beijing.（去过北京，已回来） 例：He has gone to Beijing.（去了北京，还没回来） 【Step 3 针对性练习 Practice】 建议用时：15 分钟 4b 课本原题：新图书馆对话 【操作】学生独立完成 5 分钟 → 同桌互查 2 分钟 → 全班核对 3 分钟。 【课本原题】4b Complete the conversation with the correct forms of the verbs. A: I hear our school 1.________ (build) a new library. B: Yes. It 2.________ (open) last month. A: 3.________ you ________ (be) there yet? B: Yes, I 4.________ (be) there twice. A: 5.________ you ________ (use) the old library? B: Yes, I 6.________ (use) to study there every weekend. But now I prefer the new one. 4c 课本原题：贵州交通短文 【操作】学生独立完成 5 分钟 → 小组讨论 2 分钟 → 全班核对 3 分钟。 【课本原题】4c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs. Guizhou 1.________ (change) a lot over the years. In the past, people 2.________ (use) to travel by horse or on foot. It 3.________ (take) a long time to go from one place to another. But now, great changes 4.________ (take) place. The government 5.________ (build) many new roads and high-speed railways. People can now travel 6.________ (fast) and 7.________ (convenient). I 8.________ (never / see) such changes before. I am very happy to see my hometown 9.________ (become) better and better. 【Step 4 语法运用 Application】 建议用时：5 分钟 语法小练：用三种时态各造 1 个句子 ★ 用一般过去时造 1 个句子（描述昨天做的事）。 ★★ 用 used to 造 1 个句子（描述过去常常做的事）。 ★★★ 用现在完成时造 1 个句子（描述已经发生的变化）。 五、课堂检测（语法导向·分层检测） 【说明】★ 基础达标 ★★ 能力提升 ★★★ 拓展运用（学生根据自身水平选做） ★ 基础达标 · 语法基础（满分 30 分） 【题型对齐湖北中考：动词形式填空】 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空（每小题 2 分，共 20 分） 1. I ________ (walk) to school yesterday. 2. I ________ (use) to walk to school, but now I take the bus. 3. Great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown since 2010. 4. She ________ (not use) to like English, but now she likes it. 5. ________ you ________ (play) the piano when you were a child? 6. They ________ (live) here for 10 years. 7. I ________ (already / finish) my homework. 8. ________ you ________ (be) to the new library yet? 9. He ________ (go) to Beijing. He will be back next week. 10. I ________ (never / see) such a beautiful place before. 二、写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 1. walk → ________ → ________ 2. take → ________ → ________ 3. see → ________ → ________ 4. go → ________ → ________ 5. be → ________ → ________ ★★ 能力提升 · 语法运用（满分 30 分） 【题型对齐湖北中考：单项选择 + 句型转换】 三、单项选择（每小题 1 分，共 15 分） 1. There ________ a small river here, but now it is a shopping mall. A. used to be B. use to be C. is used to be D. was used to be 2. Great changes ________ in my hometown since 2010. A. took place B. have taken place C. were taken place D. have been taken place 3. They ________ in a small house, but now they live in a tall building. A. used to live B. used to living C. were used to live D. are used to living 4. —________ you ever ________ to the new hospital? —Yes, I have. A. Did; go B. Have; been C. Have; gone D. Do; go 5. It ________ me two hours to get to school, but now it ________ only 20 minutes. A. used to take; takes B. was used to take; takes C. used to take; took D. is used to taking; takes 6. She ________ play the piano, but now she likes it very much. A. didn't use to B. wasn't used to C. didn't used to D. wasn't use to 7. —________ you ________ to play the piano when you were a child? —Yes, I did. A. Did; use B. Did; used C. Have; used D. Have; used 8. I ________ to the new library twice. A. have been B. have gone C. went D. go 9. He ________ to Beijing. He will be back next week. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes 10. I ________ such changes before. A. never saw B. have never seen C. never see D. am never seeing 11. My hometown ________ a lot over the years. A. changed B. changes C. has changed D. is changing 12. People ________ travel by horse in the past. A. used to B. were used to C. are used to D. use to 13. It ________ a long time to go from one place to another in the past. A. take B. takes C. took D. has taken 14. The government ________ many new roads and high-speed railways. A. build B. built C. has built D. builds 15. People can now travel ________ and more conveniently. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. more fast 四、句型转换（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 1. I used to walk to school.（改为否定句） I ________ ________ to walk to school. 2. He used to play the piano.（改为一般疑问句） ________ he ________ to play the piano? 3. Great changes have taken place in my hometown.（改为一般疑问句） ________ great changes ________ place in your hometown? 4. I have already finished my homework.（改为否定句） I ________ finished my homework ________. 5. They have lived here for 10 years.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ have they lived here? ★★★ 拓展运用 · 语篇运用（满分 40 分） 【题型对齐湖北中考：语篇填空 + 语法改错】 五、语篇填空（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 用所给动词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 change, take, build, be, live, go, see, become, improve, travel My hometown 1.________ a lot over the years. In the past, there 2.________ no tall buildings. People 3.________ to live in small houses. It 4.________ a long time to go to town. But now, great changes 5.________ place. The government 6.________ many new roads. People can now 7.________ faster. I 8.________ never ________ such changes before. The environment 9.________ a lot. My hometown 10.________ better and better. 六、语法改错（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. I use to walk to school. ________ → ________ 2. Great changes have taken place since 10 years. ________ → ________ 3. He has gone to Beijing twice. ________ → ________ 4. Did you used to play the piano? ________ → ________ 5. I have seen him yesterday. ________ → ________ 七、语法写作（20 分） 用三种时态（一般过去时、used to、现在完成时）写一段 60 词左右的短文，描述你家乡的变化。 要求：至少使用 2 个一般过去时、1 个 used to、2 个现在完成时。 评分标准：时态正确 12 分（每种时态至少用对 1 个）；内容 4 分；连贯 4 分。 七、课后作业（分层菜单·语法为主） ★ ① 背诵三种时态的用法和标志词；② 完成课本 4a-4c。 ★★ 用三种时态各写 2 个句子，描述你生活的变化。 ★★★ 写一段 80 词的短文，描述你家乡的变化，要求正确使用三种时态。 八、参考答案（教师用 · 讲评前收起） ★ 基础达标答案 一、动词形式填空： 1. walked 2. used 3. have taken 4. didn't use 5. Did; use 6. have lived 7. have already finished 8. Have; been 9. has gone 10. have never seen 二、过去式和过去分词： 1. walk → walked → walked 2. take → took → taken 3. see → saw → seen 4. go → went → gone 5. be → was/were → been ★★ 能力提升答案 三、单项选择：1-5 A B A B A 6-10 A A A B B 11-15 C A C C B 四、句型转换： 1. didn't use 2. Did; use 3. Have; taken 4. haven't; yet 5. How long ★★★ 拓展运用答案 五、语篇填空： 1. has changed 2. were 3. used 4. took 5. have taken 6. has built 7. travel 8. have; seen 9. has improved 10. is becoming 六、语法改错： 1. use → used 2. since → for 3. gone → been 4. used → use 5. have seen → saw 七、语法写作：参考范文： My hometown has changed a lot. In the past, the roads were narrow. People used to go to town on foot. It took a long time. But now, the government has built new roads. People can go to town by bus. I have seen great changes. I am very happy. Value Statement 价值引领 Grammar is not rules to memorize, but a tool to express changes and tell stories. （语法不是用来死记硬背的规则，而是表达变化、讲述故事的工具。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $