Unit1 SectionB 1a-1f 导学案 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

九年级英语上册 导学案（新课标·分层版） Unit 1 The Changing World Section B (1a–1f) 课型：阅读课（Reading） 课时：第 5 课时 建议用时：45 分钟 班级 姓名 学号 学习小组 授课教师 日期 年 月 日 【单元 Big Question】 What brings about changes? 什么带来了变化？ 【阅读文本】 On the Fast Track（蒙内铁路——中国帮助肯尼亚建设的铁路） 【阅读策略】 略读抓大意 → 寻读找细节 → 精读析长句 一、学习目标（阅读课导向·分层设定） 读的能力 Reading ★ 能略读文章，获取主旨大意（这篇文章讲什么）。 ★★ 能寻读文章，找到具体细节（时间、长度、建设者、影响）。 ★★★ 能精读长难句，理解句子结构和含义。 语言运用 Language Use ★ 能掌握文章中的核心词汇（railway, transport, benefit 等）。 ★★ 能运用 used to 和现在完成时描述交通的变化。 ★★★ 能复述文章主要内容。 思维品质 Thinking Quality ★ 能对比蒙内铁路前后的差异。 ★★ 能分析铁路建设带来的影响（正面/负面）。 ★★★ 能辩证思考国际合作的意义。 二、学习重难点 教学重点：略读抓大意；寻读找细节；理解文章结构。 教学难点：精读长难句；分析文章的写作意图和作者态度。 三、课前预习 Pre-class Preview（5 分钟·阅读准备） Task 1 读前词汇准备 ★ 认读下列单词，标注中文意思： railway / transport / benefit / convenient / improve / development ★★ 跟读 2 遍，注意重音：railway, transport, convenient ★★★ 用其中 2 个词各造 1 个句子。 Task 2 读前预测 ★ 看课本 1a 标题和图片，预测：文章可能讲什么？ ★★ 同桌互说：你知道中国在国外建过什么铁路吗？ ★★★ 预测：蒙内铁路给肯尼亚带来了什么变化？ 四、课中导学 In-class Activities（35 分钟） 【Step 1 导入 Lead-in】 建议用时：3 分钟 1a 图片观察与预测 【操作】教师呈现课本蒙内铁路图片 → 学生独立观察 1 分钟 → 同桌互说 1 分钟 → 全班分享 1 分钟。 【课本原题】1a Does your hometown have a train system? How does it benefit local lives? 📝 阅读支架 · 1a ★ 回答：Yes, it does. / No, it doesn't. ★★ 写 2 句火车系统如何造福当地生活（It helps people ...）。 ★★★ 小组讨论：没有火车系统的地方会有什么不便？ 【Step 2 读前预测 Pre-reading】 建议用时：5 分钟 1b 读前预测 【操作】学生独立看标题和图片预测 2 分钟 → 同桌互说 2 分钟 → 全班核对 1 分钟。 【课本原题】1b Look at the title and the picture. What is the text probably about? Then read it quickly to check your prediction. 📝 阅读策略 · 1b ★ 根据标题 On the Fast Track，预测：文章可能讲什么？ ★★ 根据图片（火车），预测：文章可能讲什么？ ★★★ 你的预测对了吗？文章实际讲了什么？ 【Step 3 读中任务 While-reading】 建议用时：15 分钟 第一遍：略读抓大意（Skimming）—— 4 分钟 【任务】快速阅读文章，找出每段的主旨句。 【课本原文】On the Fast Track In 2017, the new 480-kilometre Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened. Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya's main port, and Nairobi, Kenya's capital, were rough roads and an old railway line built in 1901. The old trains were very slow. It took 10 hours to get to Nairobi from Mombasa by train. However, the new railway, built with China's help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about four hours for passengers. Now, more than two million people use it every year. Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. A government worker said, 'I'm very happy with the new railway built by our Chinese friends. Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years, and the people who live here have become rich.' A businessman said, 'My experience of using the train since 2017 has been good. It is very convenient and doesn't cost much money. I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease.' The railway has also made the transport of food easier. 'Food used to take hundreds of lorries to carry between the two cities, but now it takes only two or three trains,' said a supermarket manager. As a result, people now have more fresh food to eat. Although China and Kenya are far away from each other, the railway shows how different countries can work together to build a better world. 📝 阅读策略 · 略读 ★ 找出每段的主旨句（通常在段首或段尾）。 ★★ 用 1 句话概括文章主旨（What is the text mainly about?）。 ★★★ 文章可以分成几个部分？（introduction / body / conclusion） 第二遍：寻读找细节（Scanning）—— 6 分钟 【任务】仔细阅读文章，找出具体信息。 【课本原题】1c Match the numbers with the information. about 4 · 10 · 480 · 1901 · 2017 · over 2 million 1. ________: the year the new railway was opened 2. ________: the year the old railway line was built 3. ________: the number of people who use the new train every year 4. ________: the length of the Mombasa-Nairobi railway in kilometres 5. ________: the hours it used to take to reach Nairobi from Mombasa by train 6. ________: the hours it takes to reach Nairobi from Mombasa now by train 📝 阅读策略 · 寻读 ★ 快速找到每个数字对应的信息。 ★★ 用完整句子回答：When was the new railway opened? ★★★ 从文中找出 3 个描述过去交通的句子。 第三遍：精读析长句（Close reading）—— 5 分钟 【任务】精读长难句，分析句子结构。 【课本原题】1d Read again and answer the questions. 1. What type of writing is the text? 2. What was the problem with the old railway? 3. How have local Kenyans benefited from the new railway? 4. Why is it important to make food transport easier? 5. What does 'on the fast track' mean? 📝 阅读策略 · 精读 ★ 回答 1-2 个问题。 ★★ 回答 3-4 个问题。 ★★★ 分析第 5 题：'on the fast track' 是什么意思？为什么用这个标题？ 【Step 4 读后输出 Post-reading】 建议用时：10 分钟 1e 表格整理 【操作】学生独立完成表格 3 分钟 → 互查 2 分钟。 【课本原题】1e Complete the table with the information from the text. Paragraph Main idea Paragraph 1 (introduction) The new train line was opened in 2017. / The old railway was slow. Paragraph 2 (new railway) The new railway cut travel time to about 4 hours. Paragraph 3 (comments from locals) government worker: ... / businessman: ... / supermarket manager: ... Paragraph 4 (conclusion) The railway shows how countries can work together. 1f 讨论 【操作】小组讨论 5 分钟 → 全班分享 5 分钟。 【课本原题】1f Discuss the questions. 1. Have you seen or heard of any similar changes in the world over the last several years? Where was it and what happened? 2. In what other ways can China work together with other countries to build a better world? 📝 讨论支架 ★ 回答第 1 题：我见过/听说过类似的变化，比如…… ★★ 回答第 2 题：中国还可以通过……方式与其他国家合作。 ★★★ 小组讨论：你从蒙内铁路的故事中学到了什么？ 五、语言点精讲（从阅读材料中提炼·精讲少练） 【说明】阅读课以理解和运用为主，语言点只提炼最核心的 2-3 个，不做大量笔头练习。 1. take place 的用法 【阅读原句】Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years. 【含义】发生（无被动语态） 【辨析】take place（有计划的发生）vs happen（偶然的发生） ★ 跟读原句 2 遍。 ★★ 仿说：Many changes have taken place in ________. ★★★ 对比：take place vs happen（有什么不同？） 2. 现在完成时的用法（复习） 【阅读原句】The new railway has already cut the travel time to about four hours. 【含义】过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 【标志词】already, yet, ever, never, just, since, for, over the years ★ 跟读原句 2 遍。 ★★ 仿说：________ has already ________. ★★★ 对比：一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 六、课堂检测（阅读导向·分层检测） 【说明】★ 基础达标 ★★ 能力提升 ★★★ 拓展运用（学生根据自身水平选做） ★ 基础达标 · 阅读理解（满分 30 分） 【题型对齐湖北中考：阅读选择 + 判断正误】 一、阅读选择（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 1. When was the new Mombasa-Nairobi railway opened? A. In 1901. B. In 2017. C. In 2020. D. In 2023. 2. How long is the Mombasa-Nairobi railway? A. About 4 hours. B. About 10 hours. C. 480 kilometres. D. 2 million kilometres. 3. How long did it use to take to get from Mombasa to Nairobi by train? A. About 4 hours. B. About 10 hours. C. About 20 hours. D. About 48 hours. 4. Who built the new railway? A. Kenya alone. B. China helped Kenya. C. The United Nations. D. The US. 5. How many people use the train every year? A. More than 1 million. B. More than 2 million. C. More than 5 million. D. More than 10 million. 二、判断正误（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，判断下列句子正（T）误（F）。 1. The old railway was built in 1901. ( ) 2. The new railway is faster than the old one. ( ) 3. Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. ( ) 4. Food transport has become more difficult. ( ) 5. The railway shows how countries can work together. ( ) 三、回答问题（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，用完整句子回答下列问题。 1. What type of writing is the text? → It is ________. 2. What was the problem with the old railway? → It was ________. 3. How have local Kenyans benefited from the new railway? → They have benefited ________. 4. Why is it important to make food transport easier? → Because people can ________. 5. What does 'on the fast track' mean? → It means ________. ★★ 能力提升 · 阅读提升（满分 30 分） 【题型对齐湖北中考：阅读填空 + 语篇结构】 四、阅读填空（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，完成下列句子。 1. The new railway was opened in ________. 2. It is ________ kilometres long. 3. The old train took ________ hours to get to Nairobi. 4. The new train takes about ________ hours. 5. More than ________ million people use it every year. 五、语篇结构（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，完成表格。 Paragraph 1: introduction — The new railway was ________. Paragraph 2: new railway — It cut travel time to ________. Paragraph 3: comments from locals — government worker / ________ / supermarket manager. Paragraph 4: conclusion — Countries can ________ to build a better world. The type of writing is ________. 六、句子翻译（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 将下列句子翻译成中文。 1. The new railway has already cut the travel time to about four hours. → ________________ 2. Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. → ________________ 3. Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years. → ________________ 4. The railway has also made the transport of food easier. → ________________ 5. The railway shows how different countries can work together. → ________________ ★★★ 拓展运用 · 读后拓展（满分 40 分） 【题型对齐湖北中考：阅读拓展 + 讨论 + 复述】 七、读后复述（共 15 分） 根据表格，用 1-2 分钟复述文章主要内容。 提示：The new Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened in 2017. It is 480 kilometres long. ... 评分标准：内容 8 分（覆盖主要信息）；语言 4 分（语法正确）；流利度 3 分。 八、小组讨论（共 15 分） （4 人一组，讨论：蒙内铁路给肯尼亚带来了什么？） 讨论框架： — A: The railway has brought ________. — B: I agree. It has also brought ________. — C: What about you? What do you think? — D: In my opinion, ________. 要求：每人至少发言 2 次，组长总结小组观点。 九、课堂反思（共 10 分） （用 1 分钟，写下你的收获和困难） 1. 这节课我学会了：________________ 2. 我还有困难的是：________________ 3. 下次阅读我要改进：________________ 七、课后作业（分层菜单·阅读为主） ★ ① 跟读课文录音 3 遍；② 抄写 5 个描述铁路变化的句子。 ★★ 用 5 句话复述蒙内铁路的故事（用上 used to / now / has built）。 ★★★ 写一段 80 词的短文，介绍一个你知道的大型工程项目（如高铁、大桥等）。 八、参考答案（教师用 · 讲评前收起） ★ 基础达标答案 一、阅读选择：1-5 B C B B B 二、判断正误：1-5 T T T F T 三、回答问题： 1. It is a news report / article. 2. It was slow. It took 10 hours. 3. They have benefited a lot. They can travel faster and cheaper. 4. Because people can have more fresh food to eat. 5. It means making progress or developing fast. ★★ 能力提升答案 四、阅读填空： 1. 2017 2. 480 3. 10 4. 4 5. 2 五、语篇结构： 1. opened 2. about 4 hours 3. businessman 4. work together 5. a news report 六、句子翻译： 1. 新铁路已经把旅行时间缩短到大约4小时。 2. 肯尼亚人从新铁路中受益很多。 3. 过去几年这个镇发生了很多变化。 4. 铁路也让食物运输变得更容易。 5. 铁路展示了不同国家如何合作。 ★★★ 拓展运用答案 七、读后复述：参考范文： The new Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened in 2017. It is 480 kilometres long. It was built with China's help. In the past, the old railway took 10 hours. Now, the new railway takes only 4 hours. More than 2 million people use it every year. Local Kenyans have benefited a lot. The railway shows how countries can work together. 八、小组讨论：开放题，学生言之有理即可。 九、课堂反思：开放题，学生根据自己的实际情况填写。 Value Statement 价值引领 Railways connect not only places, but also people and hearts. （铁路连接的不仅是地方，更是人心。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $