Unit 3 Celebrations（复习讲义）英语北师大版必修第一册

北师大版必修第一册Unit 3 Celebrations（复习讲义) 复习要点 1.主题语境“人与社会”---“不同民族文化习俗与传统节日”。 2.重点掌握语境单元围绕“庆祝”展开，旨在引导学生思考不同文化背景下庆祝活动的形式与内涵、差异和原因，探讨传统节日对文化认同和文化传承的价值。中国的中秋节、春节，西方的圣诞节、生日派对、婚礼以及中国剪纸等传统文化等相关词汇和短语 3语法掌握被动语态的用法和动词短语的搭配； 4.书面表达掌握如何描述一个事件或活动。 复习重难点 重点：被动语态的用法和动词短语的搭配。 难点：用英语写一次节日经历的写作。 单元词汇 知识点1 重点词汇 1. occasion n. 重要的社交活动；时刻，时候 【词性拓展】 occasional adj. 偶尔的，临时的 occasionally adv. 偶尔，间或 【固定搭配】 on one occasion 有一次 on no occasion 任何场合都不（置于句首时用部分倒装） on occasion 偶尔 on that/this occasion 那/这时，在那/这种情况下 on the occasion of... 在……之际；在……之时 an occasional talk 临时谈话 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① _______ one occasion, she called me in the middle of the night. ② To my delight, he seemed to accept me little by little, and would ________ (occasion) share his ideas with me. (2022·浙江1月卷，读后续写) ③ Your eighteenth birthday is an important occasion ________ you legally become an adult. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 普通人从来都不会厌倦娱乐。 ________________ will ordinary people be bored with entertainment. ⑤ 我偶尔喝杯咖啡，但我通常喝茶。 ________________________, but usually I take tea. 2. graduation | n. 毕业 【词性拓展】 graduate v. 毕业 n. 毕业生 【固定搭配】 after graduation 毕业后 graduation day 毕业日 graduate from... 从……毕业 graduate in... 获得……学位 a graduate student/course 研究生/研究生课程 an inexperienced graduate 无经验的毕业生 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① At present, the organisation has to depend on young, inexperienced ________ (graduate). ② When Mary ________ (graduate) from high school, she moved to a small unknown town. ③ Tom has just graduated ________ first-class honours in physics. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 毕业后，他参军了。 ________________________________________________. 3. congratulation n. 恭喜；祝贺 【词性拓展】 cogratulate v. 祝贺 【固定搭配】 congratulations to sb on sth 祝贺某人某事 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① We offered our ________ (congratulate) to him on his success. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ② 祝贺你通过了驾驶考试。 ________________________________________________. 4.attach | v. 把……固定，把……附在……上 【词性拓展】 attachment n. 附件；依恋 attached adj. 附加的；依恋的 【固定搭配】 attach sth to sth 把某物附在某物上 attach importance/significance to 重视 be attached to 附属于；依恋 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① On her birthday she received a box of chocolates with a card ________ (attach) to it, saying "Happy birthday!" ② The scientist's ________ (attach) to his homeland drove him to return from abroad. ③ We should attach importance/significance ________ the virtue of thrift. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 用被动句升级句③ ________________________________________________________________. 5.surround vt. 环绕，围绕 【词性拓展】 surrounded adj. 被围绕的 surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings n. 环境 【固定搭配】 surround oneself with sb/sth 和某人/某物待在一起 be surrounded by/with... 被……围绕；周围是…… the surrounding air 周围的空气 the surrounding country 附近的国家 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which ________ (surround) by a high fence. ② "There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its ________ (surrounding)," her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. (2023·全国甲卷) 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ③ 远处那幢高的现代建筑是我们学校新建的运动馆，它被很多树围绕着。 ________________________________________________________________________. ④ 交一些高度自律的朋友是明智的。 ________________________________________________________________________. 6.suit | n. 套装 vt. 满足(某人)需要；适合 【词性拓展】 suited adj. 适合的 suiting n. 西装料 suitable adj. 合适的 【固定搭配】 a protective suit 防护服 suit one's needs 满足某人的需要 suit sb (fine/perfectly) (非常)适合某人 suit...to... 使……适合…… be suitable for sb/sth 适合某人/某物 be suitable to do sth 适合做某事 【易混辨析】 fit vt. 合(某人)的身；适合 match vt. 和……相配，和……一致 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① These ________ (suit) are designed to protect the wearers from cold shock. ② Would it be a ________ (suit) moment to discuss my paper? ③ Today many doctors wear ________ (protect) suits while working. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 这件衬衣大小适合你，但颜色不适合你，你应穿和你的裤子相配的那件。 ________________________________________________________________________. ⑤ 请告诉我你何时方便。下周末我有空。(2021·北京卷，道歉信) ________________________________________________________________________. 7.effort n. 努力；力气 【词性拓展】 effortless adj. 不费力的 effortlessly adv. 毫不费力地 【固定搭配】 make an effort/efforts/every effort to do sth (尽一切)努力做某事 put effort into (doing) sth 将精力投入到(做)某事之中 spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力地做某事 with/without effort 费劲地/轻松地 through one's efforts 通过某人的努力 in an effort to do sth 为了做某事 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① It is my firm belief that only with joint ________ (effort) can we have a better tomorrow. (全国甲卷，应用文) ② ________ an effort to recover my missing wallet, I have to seek your help. ③ It was with great effort ________ she managed to keep quiet. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 她把时间和精力投入到帮助他人中，因此她没时间出去游玩。 a. ________________________________________________________. (并列句) b. ________________________________________________________. (分词作状语) 8 .represent | vt. 代表 【词性拓展】 representative n. 代表 adj. 典型的 representation n. 代表；表现 【固定搭配】 represent sb/sth 代表某人/某物 represent... as/to be... 把……描述为……；宣称……为…… represent sth to sb 向某人说明/传达某事 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture ________ (represent) by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots. ② The subject is so difficult that I don't know how to represent it ________ you. ③ More researchers, policymakers and ________ (represent) from the food industry must learn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. (北京卷) 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 我最大的愿望就是代表我的祖国参加奥运会。 ________________________________________________________________________. 9.patience | n. 耐心；耐力 【词性拓展】 patient adj. 有耐心的 n. 病人 patiently adv. 耐心地 【固定搭配】 with patience = patiently 耐心地 out of patience 没有耐心 run out of/lose patience 失去耐心 have the/no patience to do sth 有/没有耐心做某事 have little/no patience with sb 受不了某人 be patient with sb 对某人有耐心 be patient of sth 忍受/忍耐某事 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① You have to be patient ________ my mother; she's going deaf. ② It requires creativity on the part of the technologist, imagination, a lot of ________ (patient) and kindness. ③ His impolite behaviour is beyond my ________ (patient). 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 无论什么时候我犯了错误，老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。 ________________________________________________________________________. 10.behaviour | n. 举止，行为 【词性拓展】 behave v. 表现，举止 well-behaved adj. 守规矩的；表现好的 badly-behaved adj. 不守规矩的；表现差的 【固定搭配】 mind one's behavior 注意举止 behave well/badly to/towards sb 对待某人好/差 behave oneself/well 守规矩；表现得体 behave like... 表现得像…… 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended ________ (behave). (2023·北京卷) ② He told his students to behave ________ (they) and not to chat while listening to a lecture. ③ They felt a sense of achievement, because their son behaved ________ (good). 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 他们的行为表明他们是喜欢李老师的。 ________________________________________________________________________. ⑤ 我们被提醒在公共场所注意举止。 ________________________________________________________________________. ⑥ 汤姆表现得像个孩子，而艾丽斯却很负责任。 ________________________________________________________________________. 11. whisper vi.&vt. 低声说，低语 n. 低语，耳语 【词性拓展】 whispered adj. 低语的 whispering n. 低语；耳语 【固定搭配】 whisper sth to sb 对某人耳语某事 whisper to sb that... 轻声对某人说…… whisper about sth 嘀咕某事 It is whispered that... 私下说……；秘密告诉…… in a whisper/in whispers 小声地，低声地 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① Tom leaned over to whisper something ________ James. ② It is whispered ________ his visit is intended to strengthen ties between the two countries. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ③ 妈妈搂着我，小声安慰我。 ________________________________________________________________________. ④ 听闻他已考上了北京大学。 ________________________________________________________________________. 12. description n. 描述，描写 【词性拓展】 describe v. 描述 descriptive adj. 描述性的 【固定搭配】 beyond description 难以描述 give a description of 描述…… describe... as... 把……描述成…… 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① He ________ (describe) the robbery in detail to the policeman and his ________ (describe) was very valuable. ② What's more, the snatch thief was finally arrested and put into jail, thanks to your detailed ________ (describe) of his facial features. (2024·常德模拟) ③ Huangshan is described ________ one of the most attractive places known to man. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 那里的景色美得难以形容。 ________________________________________________________________________. 13.select vt. 挑选，选拔 【词性拓展】 selected adj. 精选的 selection n. 选择；挑选 selective adj. 选择性的 【固定搭配】 select... for... 为……而挑选 select... from... 从……中挑选/选出 select... as/to be 选择……作为 select sb to do sth 选择某人做某事 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① ________ (select) from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years. (2022·全国乙卷) ② She was selected ________ the parliamentary candidate for Bath. ③ You can also change the description or select ________ (show) it at all. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 从每个班选出的学生都参加了比赛。 ________________________________________________________________________. 14.calm | vi.&vt. (使)平静，(使)镇定 【词性拓展】 calmly adv. 平静地 calmness n. 平静，镇静 【固定搭配】 calm down 冷静下来 keep/stay/remain calm 保持冷静 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① When James was in danger yesterday, he ________ (calm) down immediately. ② She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm ________ and sleep. ③ She was trying to remain/keep/stay ________ (calm), but there was a distinct edge to her voice. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 谢天谢地，杰夫很冷静并很快关掉了煤气。 ________________________________________________________________________. 15.tear | n. 眼泪，泪水 v. 撕碎，扯开 【词性拓展】 tearful adj. 含泪的 tearfully adv. 含泪地 【固定搭配】 in tears 流着泪；含着泪 burst into tears 突然大哭起来 fight/hold back tears 强忍住泪水 tear sth apart 撕碎某物 tear sth down 推倒；拆毁(建筑物) tear sth up 把(纸/布)撕碎 tear oneself away 勉强使自己离开 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① When I accepted the award, my heart skipped a beat, my breath caught in my throat, and tears ________ (be) in my eyes. ② Would you believe that something like that is going to tear ________ the walls? ③ I found it hard to tear ________ (I) away from my new friends. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 她看着我，泪花闪闪。(读后续写神态描写) ________________________________________________________________________. 16.calm | vi.&vt. (使)平静，(使)镇定 【词性拓展】 calmly adv. 平静地 calmness n. 平静，镇静 【固定搭配】 calm down 冷静下来 keep/stay/remain calm 保持冷静 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① When James was in danger yesterday, he ________ (calm) down immediately. ② She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm ________ and sleep. ③ She was trying to remain/keep/stay ________ (calm), but there was a distinct edge to her voice. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 谢天谢地，杰夫很冷静并很快关掉了煤气。 ________________________________________________________________________. 17.tear | n. 眼泪，泪水 v. 撕碎，扯开 【词性拓展】 tearful adj. 含泪的 tearfully adv. 含泪地 【固定搭配】 in tears 流着泪；含着泪 burst into tears 突然大哭起来 fight/hold back tears 强忍住泪水 tear sth apart 撕碎某物 tear sth down 推倒；拆毁(建筑物) tear sth up 把(纸/布)撕碎 tear oneself away 勉强使自己离开 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① When I accepted the award, my heart skipped a beat, my breath caught in my throat, and tears ________ (be) in my eyes. ② Would you believe that something like that is going to tear ________ the walls? ③ I found it hard to tear ________ (I) away from my new friends. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 她看着我，泪花闪闪。(读后续写神态描写) ________________________________________________________________________. 知识点2：易错辨析 1.【辨析】occasion / chance / opportunity 易混词 区别 例子 occasion 指某个特定的“时刻、场合、时机”，强调时间点或场合，常与介词 on 连用。 Your eighteenth birthday is an important occasion when you legally become an adult. chance 指“机会、可能性”，强调偶然性或可能性，常与介词 of 连用。 There is a chance that he will come. opportunity 指“良机、机会”，强调有利的时机，常与介词 for 连用。 This is a good opportunity for us to learn from each other. 【即时训练】用 occasion / chance / opportunity 的适当形式填空 (1) On one _______，she called me in the middle of the night. (2) It is a good _______ for us to practise our spoken English. (3) There is little _______ of rain today. 2.【辨析】graduation / graduate / grade 易混词 区别 例子 graduation n. 毕业，名词，指毕业这一行为或事件。 After graduation，he joined the army. graduate v. 毕业 n. 毕业生，动词指完成学业，名词指毕业生。 When Mary graduated from high school，she moved to a small unknown town. grade n. 年级；成绩，指学校的年级或考试分数。 My sister is in the third grade. 【即时训练】用 graduation / graduate / grade 的适当形式填空 (1) At present，the organisation has to depend on young，inexperienced _______. (2) After _______，he joined the army. (3) She got good _______ in the final exam. 3.【辨析】congratulation / celebrate / celebration 易混词 区别 例子 congratulation n. 祝贺，恭喜，常用复数形式 congratulations，与介词 on 连用。 Congratulations to you on passing your driving test. celebrate v. 庆祝，指举行活动来庆祝节日、胜利等。 We celebrate the Spring Festival with a big family dinner. celebration n. 庆祝活动，指庆祝的行为或活动。 The celebration lasted all night. 【即时训练】用 congratulation / celebrate / celebration 的适当形式填空 (1) We offered our _______ to him on his success. (2) We hold a party to _______ his birthday. (3) The _______ was held in the school hall. 4.【辨析】attach / fasten / tie 易混词 区别 例子 attach 指把某物“附在、固定在”另一物上，常与介词 to 连用，也可表示“重视”。 Attach these labels to your hand luggage，and follow me. fasten 指把某物“系紧、扣紧”，强调牢固地固定。 Please fasten your seat belt before the plane takes off. tie 指用绳子等“捆、绑、系”，强调用绳带缠绕打结。 He tied the horse to a tree. 【即时训练】用 attach / fasten / tie 的适当形式填空 (1) On her birthday she received a box of chocolates with a card _______ to it. (2) Please _______ your seat belt before the plane takes off. (3) He _______ the horse to a tree. 5.【辨析】surround / around / round 易混词 区别 例子 surround v. 环绕，围绕，及物动词，后接宾语。 The camp was surrounded by a high fence. around prep./adv. 在……周围，环绕，表示位置或方向。 There are many trees around the house. round prep./adv. 围绕，环绕，与 around 意思相近，英式英语常用。 The children sat round the table. 【即时训练】用 surround / around / round 的适当形式填空 (1) The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp，which _______ by a high fence. (2) There are many trees _______ the house. (3) The children sat _______ the table. 6.【辨析】suit / fit / match 易混词 区别 例子 suit 指“适合、满足需要”，强调颜色、款式、风格等适合某人。 This shirt fits you，but its color doesn't suit you. fit 指“合身、适合”，强调大小、尺寸合适。 This shirt fits you well. match 指“和……相配、和……一致”，强调颜色、款式等搭配协调。 You should wear the one that matches your trousers. 【即时训练】用 suit / fit / match 的适当形式填空 (1) This shirt _______ you，but its color doesn't _______ you. (2) You should wear the one that _______ your trousers. (3) These shoes don't _______ me—they're too small. 7.【辨析】effort / attempt / try 易混词 区别 例子 effort n. 努力，力气，强调付出的精力，常与 make 连用。 It is my firm belief that only with joint efforts can we have a better tomorrow. attempt n./v. 尝试，企图，强调试图做某事，常与 to do 连用。 He made an attempt to climb the mountain. try n./v. 尝试，试图，强调试一试，常用 have a try。 Why not have a try? 【即时训练】用 effort / attempt / try 的适当形式填空 (1) It is my firm belief that only with joint _______ can we have a better tomorrow. (2) He made an _______ to climb the mountain. (3) Why not have a _______? 8.【辨析】represent / stand for / on behalf of 易混词 区别 例子 represent v. 代表，指代表某人/某物，也可表示“象征”。 My greatest ambition is to represent my motherland to take part in the Olympic Games. stand for 代表，象征，指符号、字母等代表某种含义。 WTO stands for World Trade Organization. on behalf of 代表，指代表某人发言或行事。 On behalf of our school，I welcome you all. 【即时训练】用 represent / stand for / on behalf of 的适当形式填空 (1) My greatest ambition is to _______ my motherland to take part in the Olympic Games. (2) WTO _______ World Trade Organization. (3) _______ our school，I welcome you all. 9.【辨析】patience / patient / patiently 易混词 区别 例子 patience n. 耐心，名词，常与 with 连用。 His impolite behaviour is beyond my patience. patient adj. 有耐心的 n. 病人，形容词指有耐心的，名词指病人。 You have to be patient with my mother；she's going deaf. patiently adv. 耐心地，副词，修饰动词。 The teacher always pointed them out patiently. 【即时训练】用 patience / patient / patiently 的适当形式填空 (1) His impolite behaviour is beyond my _______. (2) You have to be _______ with my mother；she's going deaf. (3) The teacher always pointed them out _______. 10.【辨析】behaviour / behave / well-behaved 易混词 区别 例子 behaviour n. 举止，行为，名词，指人的行为表现。 Their behavior shows that they are fond of Mr. Li. behave v. 表现，举止，动词，常与 well/badly 连用。 He told his students to behave themselves. well-behaved adj. 守规矩的；表现好的，形容词，修饰名词。 She is a well-behaved girl. 【即时训练】用 behaviour / behave / well-behaved 的适当形式填空 (1) Their _______ shows that they are fond of Mr. Li. (2) He told his students to _______ themselves. (3) She is a _______ girl. 11.【辨析】whisper / murmur / mutter 易混词 区别 例子 whisper 指“低声说、耳语”，强调声音很低，不让别人听见。 Tom leaned over to whisper something to James. murmur 指“低声咕哝、喃喃自语”，强调连续低沉的声音。 She murmured a few words of thanks. mutter 指“嘀咕、抱怨地低声说”，强调不满或自言自语。 He muttered something under his breath. 【即时训练】用 whisper / murmur / mutter 的适当形式填空 (1) Tom leaned over to _______ something to James. (2) She _______ a few words of thanks. (3) He _______ something under his breath. 知识点3：话题词汇拓展 一、节日与庆典活动 1 celebrate a traditional festival 庆祝传统节日 2 hold a celebration 举行庆祝活动 3 put up decorations 张贴/悬挂装饰物 4 set off firecrackers 放鞭炮 5 watch the Spring Gala 看春晚 6 enjoy a family reunion dinner 享用团圆饭 二、节日食物与习俗 7 make sticky rice balls 做汤圆 8 wrap dumplings 包饺子 9 eat mooncakes 吃月饼 10 give red envelopes 发红包 11 hang red lanterns 挂红灯笼 12 sweep away bad luck 扫除霉运 三、节日时间与起源 13 fall on the first day of the first lunar month 在农历正月初一 14 in memory of Qu Yuan 纪念屈原 15 scare the Nian monster away 把年兽吓跑 16 date back to ancient times 追溯到古代 17 be passed down from generation to generation 代代相传 四、节日氛围与情感 18 be filled with joy 充满喜悦 19 extend greetings to sb 向某人致以问候 20 experience local culture and customs 体验当地文化和风俗 21 create a festive atmosphere 营造节日氛围 22 strengthen family ties 加强家庭纽带 五、文化传承与反思 23 preserve traditional culture 保护传统文化 24 keep up the tradition 遵循传统 25 break with tradition 打破传统 26 represent our culture 代表我们的文化 27 make an effort to protect traditions 努力保护传统 28 fade away gradually 逐渐消失 【佳文欣赏】 The Spring Festival falls on the first day of the first lunar month. On Chinese New Year's Eve, families enjoy a family reunion dinner and watch the Spring Gala. To celebrate it, we often set off firecrackers to scare the Nian monster away and sweep away bad luck. Besides, the character Fu is attached upside down, and children get fortunate money wrapped in red envelopes. 单元语法：被动语态的用法，动词短语搭配 被动语态 一、被动语态的概述 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 ◆主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如： They prohibit smoking in public areas. 谓语prohibit的动作是由主语they发出的，即they是prohibit smoking这个动作的执行者。 ◆被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。如： Smoking is prohibited by them in public areas. 主语smoking是prohibit这个动作的承受者。 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。 时态 构成形式 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done 一般过去时 was/were＋done 一般将来时 be going to/will/shall＋be done 过去将来时 would/should＋be done 现在进行时 am/is/are＋being done 过去进行时 was/were＋being done 现在完成时 have/has＋been done 过去完成时 had＋been done 含情态动词 情态动词＋be done The boy is often seen to play basketball on the court. 人们经常看到这个男孩在球场上打篮球。 The athlete was seen to enter the gym just now. 刚才有人看见这位运动员进了体育馆。 A new apartment will be built by us next year. 明年我们要建一栋新公寓。 The news would be sent to the volunteer’s mother the moment it arrived. 消息一到就会被送到那位志愿者的母亲那里。 The problem is being discussed at the meeting at the moment. 目前，会议上正在讨论这个问题。 An informal boxing match was being held when I arrived there. 我到那儿时，一场非正式的拳击比赛正在进行。 People’s living quality has been greatly improved in the past ten years. 在过去的十年里，人们的生活质量得到了极大的提高。 By the end of last year，another company had been completed. 到去年年底为止，另一家公司已经建成了。 The new teaching equipment must be sent to the rural school in no time. 这些新的教学设备必须马上送到那所乡村学校。 三、在下列情况下使用被动语态 1．不知道或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。 The charity organization was built ten years ago. 这个慈善组织是十年前成立的。 2．强调动作的承受者。 Your plan is considered to be practical. 你的计划被认为是实用的。 3．在书面语中，特别是在科技报告和新闻报道中，被动语态比主动语态更正式。 The International Space Station has been built in the Earth’s orbit. 国际空间站已经在地球轨道上建成了。 4．习惯用法的需要。这类词常见的有born，determine，devote，seat，dress，situate等。 You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work. 你只有全身心地投入工作才能取得成功。 四、使用被动语态的注意问题 1．以主动形式表被动意义的动词 (1)表示状态特征的系动词，如look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove不用于被动语态，其后接形容词或名词构成系表结构，表示被动含义。 He looks strong and energetic after going jogging regularly. 进行有规律的慢跑之后，他看起来很强壮并且充满活力。 The problem proves tough and is difficult to deal with. 这个问题证明很难，并且很难处理。 (2)表示主语的内在特征、性质或状态的动词，如drive，lock，sell，read，wash，dry等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。 You can depend on it that this kind of cloth washes well.你可以相信这种布料很好洗。 To our disappointment，the engine won’t start. 让我们失望的是，引擎发动不起来。 (3)不定式作定语，与前面被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系，且不定式的逻辑主语为主句的主语时，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。 Attention，please.I have something important to say. 请注意，我有重要的事情要说。 (4)不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，如difficult，easy，comfortable，hard，convenient，cheap，expensive等，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。 We find the guy is difficult to get along with. 我们发现这个家伙很难相处。 Our apartment is comfortable to live in. 我们的公寓住起来很舒服。 (5)need，want，require，deserve等作谓语，其主语为物时，动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。 The plan required discussing on schedule at the meeting. ＝The plan required to be discussed on schedule at the meeting. 这项计划需要在会上按时讨论。 (6)表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，run，move等。 The gym opens at 8 a．m.and closes at 10 p．m.every day. 这家健身房每天上午八点开门，晚上十点关门。 2．不用被动语态的情况 不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，常见的有：appear，die，disappear，rise，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，spread，stand，break out，come true，belong to，lose heart，take place，run out，come up等。 Owing to the heavy snow，the price of vegetable has risen recently. 由于这场大雪，最近蔬菜的价格上涨了。 To our satisfaction，our dream came true at last. 令我们满意的是，我们的梦想最终实现了。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Great changes (take) place in China in the past twenty years. 2．Because the surroundings are beautiful，the apartment building (sell) well. 3．As a result of the serious flood，the muddy roads in the rural area need (repair)． 4．I have no time to go with you because our new house (decorate) now. 5．It’s a custom in China to have some tea or other drinks before the meal (serve)． 6．How many magazines can (borrow) from your library every week? 7．It is reported that a space station (build) on the moon in the near future. 8．I had not (wake) up by the alarm，so I was late for school this morning. 9．The expert said that a new hospital (build) near this village soon. 10．That company，though small，is pleasant (deal) with. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．We must healthy food，regular exercise and reasonable schedules. 我们必须重视健康的饮食、规律的运动和合理的日程安排。 2．Red lanterns are and firecrackers are let off to scare away the monster Nian. 红灯笼被挂起来，并且燃放鞭炮以吓走怪兽“年”。 3． ignore the importance of education. 我们绝对不能忽略教育的重要性。 4． ，the boy arose from his chair immediately. 他妈妈一到家，这个男孩就赶快从椅子上起来了。 5． is of great benefit to your growth. 让你的周围都是积极向上的人对你的成长是有益的。 动词短语 一、含义 动词短语就是有些动词可以和一些别的词(如名词、副词、介词)构成短语(以动词为中心)，表达一个概念，其作用是和一个单独动词差不多的一种固定搭配。 二、动词短语分类 1．动词＋介词　此类动词短语均相当于及物动词，其宾语不管是名词、代词，还是动名词，都只能放在介词之后。 suffer from遭受……；graduate from毕业于……；apply for申请；adapt to适应；benefit from从……中获益 2．动词＋副词 (1)动词＋副词(不接宾语) pass away去世；pay off取得成功；come about发生；get ahead取得进步 (2)动词＋副词(接宾语) put up张贴；sweep away打扫；清除；put off推迟；throw away扔掉 3．动词＋副词＋介词 look forward to期盼……；try out for 参加……的选拔；sign up for报名参加……；keep up with跟上…… 4．动词＋名词 surf the Internet网上冲浪；remove one’s doubt消除某人的疑虑；make an effort尽力；catch sb.’s eye吸引某人的注意；earn one’s living谋生 5．动词＋名词＋介词 take advantage of利用；pay attention to注意；take part in参加 【即时训练】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The crowd waited (patient) in a line for the main character’s coming. 2．The teacher behaved well his students，all of whom liked him very much. 3．Faced with such a rude man，I can’t find (suit) words to make a response. 4．It’s polite for you to make an effort (talk) to others in a new place. 5．It was in this rural village the girl was born and grew up. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．The school was built who had made significant contributions to society. 为了纪念对社会做出巨大贡献的那位科学家而建了这所学校。 2．Success depends on whether you simple things perfectly. 成功取决于你是否有耐心把简单的事情做完美。 3．Parents are responsible for making sure their children . 父母都有责任保证他们的孩子行为端正。 4． not what you say but what you do that counts. 不是你说了什么而是你做了什么很重要。 （时间：30分钟） 1、 单词拼写 1.The ______ (毕业) ceremony will be held in the school hall next Friday. 2.We watched a ______ (龙) dance performance during the Spring Festival. 3.My grandmother always makes ______ (黏性的) rice cakes for the Mid-Autumn Festival. 4.The whole family gathered together to have a ______ (烧烤野餐) in the backyard. 5.Red ______ (灯笼) are hung along the street to celebrate the New Year. 6.We should show respect for different cultural ______ (传统) around the world. 7.The children were excited to see the ______ (怪兽) in the story. 8.Please ______ (张贴) the poster on the wall before the party begins. 9.The ______ (装饰物) on the Christmas tree looked beautiful and shiny. 10.The ______ (主人) of the party welcomed all the guests warmly. 11.She spent the whole morning ______ (打扫) the floor and cleaning the windows. 12.I received a beautiful ______ (信封) with a handwritten letter inside. 13.The little girl whispered ______ (低声说) something into her mother's ear. 14.We should never ______ (吞下) our food too quickly; it's bad for our health. 15.The ______ (事件) was described in detail in the local newspaper. 16.He was ______ (挑选) to represent our class in the English speech contest. 17.Please ______ (冷静下来) and tell me what happened just now. 18.The nurse wore a white ______ (制服) and looked very professional. 19.Tears of ______ (欢欣) rolled down her cheeks when she heard the good news. 20.The ______ (风俗) of giving red envelopes during Spring Festival is very popular in China. 2、 阅读理解 A Information for School Activities to Kew Gardens Kew Gardens are famous for its diverse living plants and a wide range of educational events and activities.Below is the necessary information about planning a school visit to Kew. Educational Session Prices Students will participate in the educational sessions in groups of 15.Prices vary based on different situations： For Early Years Foundation Stage ·Key Stage 4：45­minute sessions：￡35/group；90­minute sessions：￡70/group ·Key Stage 5：Half day (1 session)：￡80/group；Full day (2 sessions)：￡160/group For Teachers and Adults ·One adult accompanying one pupil：Free ·Adults above the required ratios：￡11/person The payment will be due within 28 calendar days of making the booking. Health and Safety Required Supervising (监护) Adult­Student Ratio： ·Key Stage 4　1∶12 ·Key Stage 5　1∶6 The group sizes should be controlled if you are visiting restricted or potentially busy areas such as glasshouses and other attractions.The maximum number of students visiting the greenhouses is 15 per group；each group to Kew shops should include no more than 10 students. Risk Assessment Standard risk assessment directs you to customize a student­oriented risk assessment.If there is an emergency，do not call 999，contact the nearest staff or call Constabulary on 0208 332 3333. Planning Your Visit Your tickets and two planning passes will be sent to you upon the receipt of your payment.You can complete your risk assessment with the passes.Show the tickets and receipt documents to the gates staff on the day of visit. Recommended Timings Our gardens open at 10 a．m.You are recommended to spend at least three hours on your visits.The closing times vary while the earliest is 3：30 pm.We have a fixed schedule for education sessions，which is from 10：30 am to 2：20 pm(except KS5)． 1．If a group of 12 KS4 students and 2 teachers chooses a 45­min session，how much should be paid? A．￡35. B．￡46. C．￡57. D．￡81. 2．What should one do in case of emergency? A．Refer to the risk assessment. B．Telephone 999 immediately. C．Ask adults for help. D．Seek help from the staff nearby. 3．What is the purpose of the text? A．To describe the Kew Garden. B．To employ the staff. C．To guide school visitors. D．To introduce the activities. B A common question in educational psychology has sparked heated discussions in recent years：“If high school teachers often say ‘hard work leads to better jobs and avoids a difficult life like electricians，’ do children from wealthy families still need to study hard？” To address this，a research team from Peking University conducted a 5­year study (2020－2025) involving 2,300 teenagers from families with annual incomes above 1 million yuan across 12 Chinese cities. The study first analyzed the “motivation gap” between wealthy and non­wealthy students.Surprisingly,68% of wealthy students reported feeling “pressure to study hard”，but their motivation differed significantly from their peers.Only 12% of wealthy students studied to “find a stable job” (the top motivation for non­wealthy students)，while 73% aimed to “gain personal fulfillment” (e.g.，mastering a subject they loved) or “maintain family reputation” (e.g.，meeting parents’ expectations of attending top universities)．The researchers noted that this difference did not mean wealthy students were less hardworking—instead，their “effort direction” was more focused on long­term personal growth rather than short­term financial security. To test whether “family wealth replaces the need for effort”，the team tracked the academic performance and post­graduation paths of 500 participants.Among those who “reduced study effort” (spending less than 2 hours on homework daily in high school)，82% failed to get into their preferred universities—even with family connections that helped them gain interview opportunities.In contrast,91% of wealthy students who maintained consistent effort (studying 4＋ hours daily and participating in academic competitions) were admitted to top­tier universities or pursued further studies abroad.More importantly，after graduation，the “high­effort” group showed stronger problem­solving skills and adaptability in the workplace：78% of them received promotions within 3 years，compared to only 34% of the “low­effort” group—despite both groups having access to family­provided career resources. Dr.Li Jia，the study’s lead researcher，emphasized that family wealth acts as a “safety net” rather than a “replacement for effort”．“Wealth can open doors，but it can’t keep them open，” she explained.“A wealthy student might get a job interview through family contacts，but their ability to perform well and keep the job depends on the skills and knowledge gained from hard study.For example，we interviewed a student whose father owns a tech company—he was hired as a project manager after graduation，but he was demoted within 6 months because he lacked the technical expertise to lead the team.His father later admitted that ‘spoon­feeding opportunities without effort only harms his growth.’” The study also challenged the misunderstanding that “wealthy students study hard only for reputation.” In fact,45% of the high­effort wealthy students chose majors like environmental science or art history—fields with no direct “financial return” but aligned with their interests.“This shows that their effort is driven by intrinsic motivation，which is more sustainable than external pressure，” Dr.Li added.The research concludes that regardless of family background，hard work remains crucial for personal development and long­term success—wealth may provide advantages，but it cannot compensate for a lack of effort. 4．What is the top motivation for non­wealthy students to study hard? A．Gaining personal fulfillment. B．Finding a stable job. C．Maintaining family reputation. D．Pursuing further studies abroad. 5．What can we learn about the “low­effort” wealthy students in the study? A．Most of them failed to enter their ideal universities. B．They spent 4＋ hours on homework daily in high school. C．78% of them got promoted within 3 years after graduation. D．They performed better than non­wealthy students in interviews. 6．Why was the student with a tech company owner father demoted? A．He refused to follow his father’s advice on work. B．He lacked technical skills from hard study. C．His family’s career resources were not sufficient. D．He was not interested in the project manager position. 7．What does the study conclude about family wealth and hard work? A．Wealthy students should focus on majors with high financial returns. B．Family wealth can fully replace the need for hard work in career success. C．Hard work is essential for personal development no matter the family background. D．The main reason wealthy students study hard is to maintain family reputation. C Up until recently,16­year­old Esraa Elsharkawy had doubts about artificial intelligence (AI)．“I just thought AI was just kind of 　off­putting　，” she says.She worried the technology would take jobs away from humans，and she didn’t understand how it worked，but she wanted to learn more.The only problem：She couldn’t get that kind of education at her high school in Katy，Texas. For years，research has shown a digital divide in schools’ teaching about new technologies.For example，rich suburban schools are more likely to have computer science classes than poorer urban and rural districts. A free summer camp AI4All at Princeton University wanted to help close the gap：it invited about 30 high schoolers from low­income families to spend three weeks living on campus，learning about the math that powers generative AI and work together with Princeton teachers to build AI solutions for real­world issues：from drone (无人机)­based wildfire monitoring to medical problem­solving. At Princeton，campers worked on AI solutions to real­life challenges in medicine，robotics and environmental science.On a mid­July afternoon，AI4All campers sat in a group inside a lecture hall and listened closely to Princeton professor Jaime Fernández Fisac as he explained how AI could help drones fly better.The concepts were very difficult，but the high schoolers were following along. Elsharkawy attended the camp and said the experience changed her idea of AI.She said the AI4All program “definitely helps with the digital divide.” Ryan Chou，from California，called the camp a “small but impactful” step and wanted it expanded. Public K­12 teachers see both benefits and risks in AI，according to a survey.A majority of those surveyed believe AI will improve accessibility of learning materials for students with disabilities.Still,40% of them say they don’t use AI at all.And more than half of the 40% believe weekly use of AI by students would decrease their ability to think independently and critically. 8．What does the underlined word“off­putting” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Unsettling. B．Disappointing. C．Promising. D．Relaxing. 9．What’s the goal of the camp? A．To introduce AI to young learners. B．To popularize AI education. C．To apply AI in math learning. D．To address practical problems. 10．How did the campers react to the AI courses? A．They showed great enthusiasm. B．They showed respect for professors. C．They enjoyed the teaching methods. D．They had trouble following the lessons. 11．What is the attitude of most teachers surveyed towards AI? A．Critical. B．Appreciative. C．Objective. D．Unclear. D Imagine a world where money ceases to exist—where walking into a store，picking up a laptop，a loaf of bread，or a designer dress requires no exchange of cash，credit cards，or digital payments.At first glance，this might seem like a utopia：no more poverty，no more debt，no more stress over making ends meet.But beneath the surface，such a world would trigger profound，and often unsettling，shifts in human society，economics，and even psychology. To start，the global economy as we know it would collapse.For centuries，money has served as a “medium of exchange” that simplifies trade—a farmer can sell wheat for money，then use that money to buy tools，instead of bartering wheat directly for tools (which requires finding someone who both needs wheat and has tools to spare)．Without money，bartering would return，but on a chaotic scale.A teacher who wants a new car would need to find a car manufacturer willing to trade a vehicle for，say,500 hours of tutoring—and the manufacturer would then need to find someone who wants tutoring in exchange for parts to build more cars.This chain of barter would quickly break down，leading to shortages of essential goods as production slows without a clear way to value labor and resources. Resource allocation would become another crisis.In a moneyless world，people might hoard goods “just in case”—even if they don’t need them immediately.Imagine walking into a grocery store to find shelves empty，not because of low supply，but because others have taken 10 cartons of milk each，fearing future scarcity.This hoarding would create artificial shortages，making it harder for those who truly need goods (like a parent needing baby formula) to access them.Governments might step in to ration resources，but enforcing rationing would require strict oversight—and potentially limit personal freedom in ways that many would resist. Perhaps most surprisingly，the end of money could reshape human motivation.Today，many people work to earn money to support their families，pursue hobbies，or save for the future.Without money，the “reward” for work would shift to other factors：personal fulfillment，social recognition，or the desire to contribute to society.For some，this would be liberating—a doctor might focus on treating patients rather than worrying about insurance payments，or an artist might create art purely for passion.But for others，the loss of financial incentive could lead to laziness.Why work 40 hours a week in a factory if you can get everything you need for free？This could reduce productivity，further worsening shortages of goods and services. Even social relationships might change.Money often acts as a “neutral” factor in interactions—paying a stranger to fix your bike is a clear，one­time exchange.Without money，interactions could become more complicated：if you ask a neighbor to fix your bike，you’d owe them a favor in return，creating a web of obligations that might strain relationships.Over time，this could lead to the formation of small，tight­knit groups where people rely on each other for favors—excluding those who don’t fit in，and potentially reviving forms of inequality that money once masked. A moneyless world，then，is not the simple utopia it appears to be.It would challenge our assumptions about work，value，and community—and force us to confront difficult questions about what makes a society fair and functional. 12．What does the author think is the most direct consequence of a moneyless world for global trade? A．The return of bartering would disrupt the existing trade system. B．Farmers would struggle to sell their crops to tool manufacturers. C．Car manufacturers would face shortages of production parts. D．Essential goods would disappear from the market completely. 13．Why would resource rationing by governments be difficult to implement in a moneyless world? A．Most people would refuse to accept the authority of the government. B．There would be no way to calculate the exact amount of resources needed. C．The cost of enforcing rationing would be too high for governments to bear. D．It would restrict personal freedom，which many people would oppose. 14．Which view about the impact of a moneyless world on work does the author support? A．Doctors would stop caring about patients if they don’t earn money. B．Artists would lose their passion for creation without financial rewards. C．Some people might lose motivation to work due to lack of money. D．Most people would choose to work for social recognition instead of money. 15．What is the author’s main conclusion about a moneyless world? A．It would be a utopia where poverty and debt no longer exist. B．It would bring more challenges than benefits to human society. C．It would completely change the way people interact with each other. D．It would solve most economic problems but create social issues. Ⅱ.七选五 Life is full of regrets，like the friend you never apologized to or the risky job that you turned down.If you let them take you down，they will probably destroy you.Here are some tips on how to overcome regrets. Remember that a new day often brings a fresh perspective.As you reflect on your regrets，you will likely be kicking yourself.　__1__　 Sleep，rest，watch a movie，or play a game—just do something for a short season to get away from it all.You’ll look at the regret from a different angle the next morning. 2__　 It is possible that your regret is something that can still be fixed.That previously declined job opportunity might still be an option.Likewise，offering a sincere apology，is always timely.Do what you can to resolve the matter.Eventually，you will get this regret off of your plate. Help someone else.　__3__　 So why not help someone else to achieve their dreams？It might be too late for you to be in the big leagues.　__4__　 That would help you get over the pain of not taking that swing.Coach a little league team or mentor a young person.Put in the time to help someone else live without regrets. Do an after­action review.You can do this on a daily basis：End your day by reviewing the choices and decisions of your day.Who did you talk to？Why were you afraid？Take time to examine all that you did.When you learn from your mistakes，you are less likely to repeat them and cause regrets.Invite others into this process from time to time.　__5__ A．Make things right. B．You’ll gain even broader insights. C．Evaluate people around frequently. D．But what if you help someone else get there? E．We suggest you take a break from the difficulty. F．Everything inside you is calling you every name for being so fool. G．It is said that you’ll get what you want if you help people get what they want. Ⅱ.完形填空 It started like any normal day.My partner，Stewart，helped me out of bed.I 　__1__　 on my crutches(拐杖)as I made my way to the car，slowly and dangerously.All of a sudden，I 　__2__　 my footing and fell. Not for the first time，Stewart was caught between concern and 　__3__　.Wasn’t it time，he asked，for me to consider using a wheelchair? Once again，I 　__4__　 the suggestion. I was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis(类风湿性关节炎)in my 20s.Over the following years，movement and mobility became more and more painful and challenging，but I was 　__5__　 to stay on my feet—to still be a “walking person”．But，slowly，walking unaided became impossible.The morning after my 　__6__　，the truth of what Stewart had been saying 　__7__　 me：trying to stay on my feet was disabling me further.My perspective 　__8__　 and I admitted what felt，at the time，like defeat.At 46，I started using the wheelchair.Suddenly，having been 　__9__　，here I was，a “disabled person”，sitting at the height of most people’s waists. However，being more 　__10__　 disabled has had other silver linings，too.People are kind.And，I often feel as if I am seeing the very best of human 　__11__　. Now，when I look at the wheelchair，I see the imprint of myself on it，how its shape has 　__12__　 me，and mine to it，and I feel greater 　__13__　：it is a part of me now. Of course，I long to walk，but I am learning to live with my 　__14__　.Using a wheelchair can be challenging，but it has also proved hugely 　__15__　；together，it feels as if we are starting a whole new adventure. 1．A.swung B．relied C．lived D．hung 2．A.gained B．treated C．missed D．enjoyed 3．A.happiness B．relief C．guilt D．irritation 4．A.rejected B．considered C．appreciated D．received 5．A.unwilling B．frightened C．adamant D．hesitant 6．A.success B．tumble C．journey D．walk 7．A.excited B．escaped C．beat D．hit 8．A.remained B．shifted C．disappeared D．narrowed 9．A.bright B．reliable C．tall D．mean 10．A.mentally B．visibly C．mildly D．completely 11．A.nature B．history C．achievement D．activity 12．A.referred to B．adapted to C．belonged to D．turned to 13．A.acceptance B．burden C．distance D．objective 14．A.hobby B．dream C．talent D．disability 15．A.dominating B．emancipating C．disturbing D．amusing Ⅲ.语法填空 Social media has become an integral part of modern life，especially for teenagers.While it offers many benefits，it also presents challenges that young people need to navigate 1.　________　 (wise)． On the positive side，social media allows teenagers 2.　________　 (stay) connected with friends and family，particularly those who live far away.It also provides access to information and 3.　________　 (educate) resources that might not be available otherwise.Many teens use social media to explore their interests，discover new hobbies，and find communities of like­minded 4.　________　 (individual)． However，there are also significant drawbacks.Excessive use of social media 5.　________　 (link) to various mental health issues，including anxiety，depression，and poor sleep quality.The constant exposure to carefully 6.　________　 (curate) content can create unrealistic expectations and foster feelings of inadequacy.7.　________　 addition，cyberbullying has become a serious concern，with many teenagers reporting negative experiences online. To use social media in a healthy way，experts recommend setting boundaries.This might include limiting screen time，taking regular breaks，and being mindful of the content one consumes and shares.It’s also important 8.　________　 (remember) that social media often presents a highlight reel of people’s lives rather than a complete picture. Parents and educators play a crucial role in helping teenagers develop 9.　________　 (responsibility) social media habits.Open conversations about online safety，digital citizenship，and critical thinking can empower young people 10.　________　 (make) informed decisions about their social media use. 四、书面表达 假如你是李华，上周日是你妈妈的生日，你和爸爸还有弟弟一起为妈妈庆祝了生日。请根据下面的提示，用英语把这件事描述一下。 1．上周日是妈妈的五十岁生日； 2．家人都为她准备了生日礼物； 3．爸爸下厨做了好吃的饭菜； 4．大家一起祝妈妈生日快乐，感谢她为家里所做的一切。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 写作要求是描述为妈妈庆祝生日的事情。写作时应注意以下几点： 1．确定文体：这是一篇记叙文，写作中应注意记叙文的常规格式； 2．主体时态：文章应以一般过去时为主； 3．主体人称：由于是描写为妈妈过生日的事情，所以人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。 [谋篇] 第一段：交代背景； 第二段：描述庆祝生日的过程； 第三段：表达自己的感受。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心词汇] 1．度过快乐的一天 2．秘密地进行交谈 3．零花钱 4．对……惊讶 5．下班回家 6．因某事而感谢某人 [连词成句] 1．我爸爸、弟弟和我秘密地进行了交谈。 My father，brother and I secretly. 2．我们讨论了怎样庆祝妈妈的生日。(疑问词＋不定式) We discussed . 3．我们到家时，看到一张桌子已经摆好了。(主谓宾宾补) When we got home， . 4．桌子上有很多好吃的食物。(there be句型) . 5．我们都对她说：“生日快乐！” . 6．我们感谢她为家里所做的一切。(what宾语从句) We all thanked her for . 第三步　句式升级 1．请把句1和句2用现在分词作伴随状语合成一句话。 My father，brother and I had a talk secretly， . 2．请把句3和句4用with复合结构合成一句话。 When we got home，we saw a table laid . 3．请把句5和句6用现在分词短语作伴随状语合成一句话。 We all said “Happy Birthday！” to her， . 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北师大版必修第一册Unit 3 Celebrations（复习讲义) 复习要点 1.主题语境“人与社会”---“不同民族文化习俗与传统节日”。 2.重点掌握语境单元围绕“庆祝”展开，旨在引导学生思考不同文化背景下庆祝活动的形式与内涵、差异和原因，探讨传统节日对文化认同和文化传承的价值。中国的中秋节、春节，西方的圣诞节、生日派对、婚礼以及中国剪纸等传统文化等相关词汇和短语 3语法掌握被动语态的用法和动词短语的搭配； 4.书面表达掌握如何描述一个事件或活动。 复习重难点 重点：被动语态的用法和动词短语的搭配。 难点：用英语写一次节日经历的写作。 单元词汇 知识点1 重点词汇 1. occasion n. 重要的社交活动；时刻，时候 【词性拓展】 occasional adj. 偶尔的，临时的 occasionally adv. 偶尔，间或 【固定搭配】 on one occasion 有一次 on no occasion 任何场合都不（置于句首时用部分倒装） on occasion 偶尔 on that/this occasion 那/这时，在那/这种情况下 on the occasion of... 在……之际；在……之时 an occasional talk 临时谈话 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① _______ one occasion, she called me in the middle of the night. ② To my delight, he seemed to accept me little by little, and would ________ (occasion) share his ideas with me. (2022·浙江1月卷，读后续写) ③ Your eighteenth birthday is an important occasion ________ you legally become an adult. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 普通人从来都不会厌倦娱乐。 ________________ will ordinary people be bored with entertainment. ⑤ 我偶尔喝杯咖啡，但我通常喝茶。 ________________________, but usually I take tea. 【答案】 ①On ② occasionally ③ when ④On_no_occasion ⑤I_drink_a_cup_of_coffee_occasionally 2. graduation | n. 毕业 【词性拓展】 graduate v. 毕业 n. 毕业生 【固定搭配】 after graduation 毕业后 graduation day 毕业日 graduate from... 从……毕业 graduate in... 获得……学位 a graduate student/course 研究生/研究生课程 an inexperienced graduate 无经验的毕业生 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① At present, the organisation has to depend on young, inexperienced ________ (graduate). ② When Mary ________ (graduate) from high school, she moved to a small unknown town. ③ Tom has just graduated ________ first-class honours in physics. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 毕业后，他参军了。 ________________________________________________. 【答案】 ① graduates ② graduated ③ with ④ After graduation, he joined the army. 3. congratulation n. 恭喜；祝贺 【词性拓展】 cogratulate v. 祝贺 【固定搭配】 congratulations to sb on sth 祝贺某人某事 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① We offered our ________ (congratulate) to him on his success. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ② 祝贺你通过了驾驶考试。 ________________________________________________. 【答案】 ① congratulations ② Congratulations to you on passing your driving test. 4.attach | v. 把……固定，把……附在……上 【词性拓展】 attachment n. 附件；依恋 attached adj. 附加的；依恋的 【固定搭配】 attach sth to sth 把某物附在某物上 attach importance/significance to 重视 be attached to 附属于；依恋 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① On her birthday she received a box of chocolates with a card ________ (attach) to it, saying "Happy birthday!" ② The scientist's ________ (attach) to his homeland drove him to return from abroad. ③ We should attach importance/significance ________ the virtue of thrift. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 用被动句升级句③ ________________________________________________________________. 【答案】 ① attached ② attachment ③ to ④Importance/Significance should be attached to the virtue of thrift. 5.surround vt. 环绕，围绕 【词性拓展】 surrounded adj. 被围绕的 surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings n. 环境 【固定搭配】 surround oneself with sb/sth 和某人/某物待在一起 be surrounded by/with... 被……围绕；周围是…… the surrounding air 周围的空气 the surrounding country 附近的国家 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which ________ (surround) by a high fence. ② "There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its ________ (surrounding)," her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. (2023·全国甲卷) 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ③ 远处那幢高的现代建筑是我们学校新建的运动馆，它被很多树围绕着。 ________________________________________________________________________. ④ 交一些高度自律的朋友是明智的。 ________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】 ① was surrounded ② surroundings ③Surrounded by many trees, the modern tall building in the distance is the newly-built stadium of our school. ④It is wise to surround yourself with people who have a high level of self-discipline. 6.suit | n. 套装 vt. 满足(某人)需要；适合 【词性拓展】 suited adj. 适合的 suiting n. 西装料 suitable adj. 合适的 【固定搭配】 a protective suit 防护服 suit one's needs 满足某人的需要 suit sb (fine/perfectly) (非常)适合某人 suit...to... 使……适合…… be suitable for sb/sth 适合某人/某物 be suitable to do sth 适合做某事 【易混辨析】 fit vt. 合(某人)的身；适合 match vt. 和……相配，和……一致 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① These ________ (suit) are designed to protect the wearers from cold shock. ② Would it be a ________ (suit) moment to discuss my paper? ③ Today many doctors wear ________ (protect) suits while working. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 这件衬衣大小适合你，但颜色不适合你，你应穿和你的裤子相配的那件。 ________________________________________________________________________. ⑤ 请告诉我你何时方便。下周末我有空。(2021·北京卷，道歉信) ________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】 ① suits ② suitable ③ protective ④This shirt fits you, but its color doesn't suit you, and you should wear the one that matches your trousers. ⑤ Please let me know what time suits you best. I am available anytime next weekend. 7.effort n. 努力；力气 【词性拓展】 effortless adj. 不费力的 effortlessly adv. 毫不费力地 【固定搭配】 make an effort/efforts/every effort to do sth (尽一切)努力做某事 put effort into (doing) sth 将精力投入到(做)某事之中 spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力地做某事 with/without effort 费劲地/轻松地 through one's efforts 通过某人的努力 in an effort to do sth 为了做某事 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① It is my firm belief that only with joint ________ (effort) can we have a better tomorrow. (全国甲卷，应用文) ② ________ an effort to recover my missing wallet, I have to seek your help. ③ It was with great effort ________ she managed to keep quiet. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 她把时间和精力投入到帮助他人中，因此她没时间出去游玩。 a. ________________________________________________________. (并列句) b. ________________________________________________________. (分词作状语) 【答案】 ① efforts ② In ③ that ④ She puts her time and effort into helping others, so she spares no time to go outing. b. Putting her time and effort into helping others, she spares no time to go outing. 8 .represent | vt. 代表 【词性拓展】 representative n. 代表 adj. 典型的 representation n. 代表；表现 【固定搭配】 represent sb/sth 代表某人/某物 represent... as/to be... 把……描述为……；宣称……为…… represent sth to sb 向某人说明/传达某事 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture ________ (represent) by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots. ② The subject is so difficult that I don't know how to represent it ________ you. ③ More researchers, policymakers and ________ (represent) from the food industry must learn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. (北京卷) 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 我最大的愿望就是代表我的祖国参加奥运会。 ________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】 ① represented ② to ③ representatives ④ My greatest ambition is to represent my motherland/homeland to take part in the Olympic Games. 9.patience | n. 耐心；耐力 【词性拓展】 patient adj. 有耐心的 n. 病人 patiently adv. 耐心地 【固定搭配】 with patience = patiently 耐心地 out of patience 没有耐心 run out of/lose patience 失去耐心 have the/no patience to do sth 有/没有耐心做某事 have little/no patience with sb 受不了某人 be patient with sb 对某人有耐心 be patient of sth 忍受/忍耐某事 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① You have to be patient ________ my mother; she's going deaf. ② It requires creativity on the part of the technologist, imagination, a lot of ________ (patient) and kindness. ③ His impolite behaviour is beyond my ________ (patient). 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 无论什么时候我犯了错误，老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。 ________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】 ① with ② patience ③ patience ④ Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher always pointed them out patiently/with patience. 10.behaviour | n. 举止，行为 【词性拓展】 behave v. 表现，举止 well-behaved adj. 守规矩的；表现好的 badly-behaved adj. 不守规矩的；表现差的 【固定搭配】 mind one's behavior 注意举止 behave well/badly to/towards sb 对待某人好/差 behave oneself/well 守规矩；表现得体 behave like... 表现得像…… 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended ________ (behave). (2023·北京卷) ② He told his students to behave ________ (they) and not to chat while listening to a lecture. ③ They felt a sense of achievement, because their son behaved ________ (good). 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 他们的行为表明他们是喜欢李老师的。 ________________________________________________________________________. ⑤ 我们被提醒在公共场所注意举止。 ________________________________________________________________________. ⑥ 汤姆表现得像个孩子，而艾丽斯却很负责任。 ________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】 ① behaviour ② themselves ③ well ④Their behavior shows that they are fond of Mr. Li. ⑤ We are reminded to mind our behaviour in public places. ⑥Tom behaved like a child while Alice behaved in a very responsible way. 11. whisper vi.&vt. 低声说，低语 n. 低语，耳语 【词性拓展】 whispered adj. 低语的 whispering n. 低语；耳语 【固定搭配】 whisper sth to sb 对某人耳语某事 whisper to sb that... 轻声对某人说…… whisper about sth 嘀咕某事 It is whispered that... 私下说……；秘密告诉…… in a whisper/in whispers 小声地，低声地 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① Tom leaned over to whisper something ________ James. ② It is whispered ________ his visit is intended to strengthen ties between the two countries. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ③ 妈妈搂着我，小声安慰我。 ________________________________________________________________________. ④ 听闻他已考上了北京大学。 ________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】 ① to ② that ③ My mother gathered me in her arms and whispered to comfort me. ④It is whispered that he has been admitted to Peking University. 12. description n. 描述，描写 【词性拓展】 describe v. 描述 descriptive adj. 描述性的 【固定搭配】 beyond description 难以描述 give a description of 描述…… describe... as... 把……描述成…… 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① He ________ (describe) the robbery in detail to the policeman and his ________ (describe) was very valuable. ② What's more, the snatch thief was finally arrested and put into jail, thanks to your detailed ________ (describe) of his facial features. (2024·常德模拟) ③ Huangshan is described ________ one of the most attractive places known to man. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 那里的景色美得难以形容。 ________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】 ① described; description ② description ③ as ④The scenery there is beautiful beyond description. 13.select vt. 挑选，选拔 【词性拓展】 selected adj. 精选的 selection n. 选择；挑选 selective adj. 选择性的 【固定搭配】 select... for... 为……而挑选 select... from... 从……中挑选/选出 select... as/to be 选择……作为 select sb to do sth 选择某人做某事 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① ________ (select) from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years. (2022·全国乙卷) ② She was selected ________ the parliamentary candidate for Bath. ③ You can also change the description or select ________ (show) it at all. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 从每个班选出的学生都参加了比赛。 ________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】 ① Selected ② as ③ to show 14.calm | vi.&vt. (使)平静，(使)镇定 【词性拓展】 calmly adv. 平静地 calmness n. 平静，镇静 【固定搭配】 calm down 冷静下来 keep/stay/remain calm 保持冷静 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① When James was in danger yesterday, he ________ (calm) down immediately. ② She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm ________ and sleep. ③ She was trying to remain/keep/stay ________ (calm), but there was a distinct edge to her voice. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 谢天谢地，杰夫很冷静并很快关掉了煤气。 ________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】 ① calmed ② down ③ calm ④ Thankfully, Jeff stayed/remained/kept calm and turned off the gas quickly. 15.tear | n. 眼泪，泪水 v. 撕碎，扯开 【词性拓展】 tearful adj. 含泪的 tearfully adv. 含泪地 【固定搭配】 in tears 流着泪；含着泪 burst into tears 突然大哭起来 fight/hold back tears 强忍住泪水 tear sth apart 撕碎某物 tear sth down 推倒；拆毁(建筑物) tear sth up 把(纸/布)撕碎 tear oneself away 勉强使自己离开 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① When I accepted the award, my heart skipped a beat, my breath caught in my throat, and tears ________ (be) in my eyes. ② Would you believe that something like that is going to tear ________ the walls? ③ I found it hard to tear ________ (I) away from my new friends. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 她看着我，泪花闪闪。(读后续写神态描写) ________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】 ① were ② down ③ myself ④ She looked at me, tears glistening/twinkling/shining in her eyes. 16.calm | vi.&vt. (使)平静，(使)镇定 【词性拓展】 calmly adv. 平静地 calmness n. 平静，镇静 【固定搭配】 calm down 冷静下来 keep/stay/remain calm 保持冷静 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① When James was in danger yesterday, he ________ (calm) down immediately. ② She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm ________ and sleep. ③ She was trying to remain/keep/stay ________ (calm), but there was a distinct edge to her voice. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 谢天谢地，杰夫很冷静并很快关掉了煤气。 ________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】 ① Selected ② as ③ to show ④ Thankfully, Jeff stayed/remained/kept calm and turned off the gas quickly. 17.tear | n. 眼泪，泪水 v. 撕碎，扯开 【词性拓展】 tearful adj. 含泪的 tearfully adv. 含泪地 【固定搭配】 in tears 流着泪；含着泪 burst into tears 突然大哭起来 fight/hold back tears 强忍住泪水 tear sth apart 撕碎某物 tear sth down 推倒；拆毁(建筑物) tear sth up 把(纸/布)撕碎 tear oneself away 勉强使自己离开 【基础检测 · 单句语法填空】 ① When I accepted the award, my heart skipped a beat, my breath caught in my throat, and tears ________ (be) in my eyes. ② Would you believe that something like that is going to tear ________ the walls? ③ I found it hard to tear ________ (I) away from my new friends. 【能力提升 · 微写作】 ④ 她看着我，泪花闪闪。(读后续写神态描写) ________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】 ① were ② down ③ myself ④ She looked at me, tears glistening/twinkling/shining in her eyes. 知识点2：易错辨析 1.【辨析】occasion / chance / opportunity 易混词 区别 例子 occasion 指某个特定的“时刻、场合、时机”，强调时间点或场合，常与介词 on 连用。 Your eighteenth birthday is an important occasion when you legally become an adult. chance 指“机会、可能性”，强调偶然性或可能性，常与介词 of 连用。 There is a chance that he will come. opportunity 指“良机、机会”，强调有利的时机，常与介词 for 连用。 This is a good opportunity for us to learn from each other. 【即时训练】用 occasion / chance / opportunity 的适当形式填空 (1) On one _______，she called me in the middle of the night. (2) It is a good _______ for us to practise our spoken English. (3) There is little _______ of rain today. 【答案】 (1) occasion (2) opportunity (3) chance 2.【辨析】graduation / graduate / grade 易混词 区别 例子 graduation n. 毕业，名词，指毕业这一行为或事件。 After graduation，he joined the army. graduate v. 毕业 n. 毕业生，动词指完成学业，名词指毕业生。 When Mary graduated from high school，she moved to a small unknown town. grade n. 年级；成绩，指学校的年级或考试分数。 My sister is in the third grade. 【即时训练】用 graduation / graduate / grade 的适当形式填空 (1) At present，the organisation has to depend on young，inexperienced _______. (2) After _______，he joined the army. (3) She got good _______ in the final exam. 【答案】 (1) graduates (2) graduation (3) grades 3.【辨析】congratulation / celebrate / celebration 易混词 区别 例子 congratulation n. 祝贺，恭喜，常用复数形式 congratulations，与介词 on 连用。 Congratulations to you on passing your driving test. celebrate v. 庆祝，指举行活动来庆祝节日、胜利等。 We celebrate the Spring Festival with a big family dinner. celebration n. 庆祝活动，指庆祝的行为或活动。 The celebration lasted all night. 【即时训练】用 congratulation / celebrate / celebration 的适当形式填空 (1) We offered our _______ to him on his success. (2) We hold a party to _______ his birthday. (3) The _______ was held in the school hall. 【答案】 (1) congratulations (2) celebrate (3) celebration 4.【辨析】attach / fasten / tie 易混词 区别 例子 attach 指把某物“附在、固定在”另一物上，常与介词 to 连用，也可表示“重视”。 Attach these labels to your hand luggage，and follow me. fasten 指把某物“系紧、扣紧”，强调牢固地固定。 Please fasten your seat belt before the plane takes off. tie 指用绳子等“捆、绑、系”，强调用绳带缠绕打结。 He tied the horse to a tree. 【即时训练】用 attach / fasten / tie 的适当形式填空 (1) On her birthday she received a box of chocolates with a card _______ to it. (2) Please _______ your seat belt before the plane takes off. (3) He _______ the horse to a tree. 【答案】 (1) attached (2) fasten (3) tied 5.【辨析】surround / around / round 易混词 区别 例子 surround v. 环绕，围绕，及物动词，后接宾语。 The camp was surrounded by a high fence. around prep./adv. 在……周围，环绕，表示位置或方向。 There are many trees around the house. round prep./adv. 围绕，环绕，与 around 意思相近，英式英语常用。 The children sat round the table. 【即时训练】用 surround / around / round 的适当形式填空 (1) The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp，which _______ by a high fence. (2) There are many trees _______ the house. (3) The children sat _______ the table. 【答案】 (1) was surrounded (2) around (3) round/around 6.【辨析】suit / fit / match 易混词 区别 例子 suit 指“适合、满足需要”，强调颜色、款式、风格等适合某人。 This shirt fits you，but its color doesn't suit you. fit 指“合身、适合”，强调大小、尺寸合适。 This shirt fits you well. match 指“和……相配、和……一致”，强调颜色、款式等搭配协调。 You should wear the one that matches your trousers. 【即时训练】用 suit / fit / match 的适当形式填空 (1) This shirt _______ you，but its color doesn't _______ you. (2) You should wear the one that _______ your trousers. (3) These shoes don't _______ me—they're too small. 【答案】 (1) fits；suit (2) matches (3) fit 7.【辨析】effort / attempt / try 易混词 区别 例子 effort n. 努力，力气，强调付出的精力，常与 make 连用。 It is my firm belief that only with joint efforts can we have a better tomorrow. attempt n./v. 尝试，企图，强调试图做某事，常与 to do 连用。 He made an attempt to climb the mountain. try n./v. 尝试，试图，强调试一试，常用 have a try。 Why not have a try? 【即时训练】用 effort / attempt / try 的适当形式填空 (1) It is my firm belief that only with joint _______ can we have a better tomorrow. (2) He made an _______ to climb the mountain. (3) Why not have a _______? 【答案】 (1) efforts (2) attempt (3) try 8.【辨析】represent / stand for / on behalf of 易混词 区别 例子 represent v. 代表，指代表某人/某物，也可表示“象征”。 My greatest ambition is to represent my motherland to take part in the Olympic Games. stand for 代表，象征，指符号、字母等代表某种含义。 WTO stands for World Trade Organization. on behalf of 代表，指代表某人发言或行事。 On behalf of our school，I welcome you all. 【即时训练】用 represent / stand for / on behalf of 的适当形式填空 (1) My greatest ambition is to _______ my motherland to take part in the Olympic Games. (2) WTO _______ World Trade Organization. (3) _______ our school，I welcome you all. 【答案】 (1) represent (2) stands for (3) On behalf of 9.【辨析】patience / patient / patiently 易混词 区别 例子 patience n. 耐心，名词，常与 with 连用。 His impolite behaviour is beyond my patience. patient adj. 有耐心的 n. 病人，形容词指有耐心的，名词指病人。 You have to be patient with my mother；she's going deaf. patiently adv. 耐心地，副词，修饰动词。 The teacher always pointed them out patiently. 【即时训练】用 patience / patient / patiently 的适当形式填空 (1) His impolite behaviour is beyond my _______. (2) You have to be _______ with my mother；she's going deaf. (3) The teacher always pointed them out _______. 【答案】 (1) patience (2) patient (3) patiently 10.【辨析】behaviour / behave / well-behaved 易混词 区别 例子 behaviour n. 举止，行为，名词，指人的行为表现。 Their behavior shows that they are fond of Mr. Li. behave v. 表现，举止，动词，常与 well/badly 连用。 He told his students to behave themselves. well-behaved adj. 守规矩的；表现好的，形容词，修饰名词。 She is a well-behaved girl. 【即时训练】用 behaviour / behave / well-behaved 的适当形式填空 (1) Their _______ shows that they are fond of Mr. Li. (2) He told his students to _______ themselves. (3) She is a _______ girl. 【答案】 (1) behavior (2) behave (3) well-behaved 11.【辨析】whisper / murmur / mutter 易混词 区别 例子 whisper 指“低声说、耳语”，强调声音很低，不让别人听见。 Tom leaned over to whisper something to James. murmur 指“低声咕哝、喃喃自语”，强调连续低沉的声音。 She murmured a few words of thanks. mutter 指“嘀咕、抱怨地低声说”，强调不满或自言自语。 He muttered something under his breath. 【即时训练】用 whisper / murmur / mutter 的适当形式填空 (1) Tom leaned over to _______ something to James. (2) She _______ a few words of thanks. (3) He _______ something under his breath. 【答案】 (1) whisper (2) murmured (3) muttered 知识点3：话题词汇拓展 一、节日与庆典活动 1 celebrate a traditional festival 庆祝传统节日 2 hold a celebration 举行庆祝活动 3 put up decorations 张贴/悬挂装饰物 4 set off firecrackers 放鞭炮 5 watch the Spring Gala 看春晚 6 enjoy a family reunion dinner 享用团圆饭 二、节日食物与习俗 7 make sticky rice balls 做汤圆 8 wrap dumplings 包饺子 9 eat mooncakes 吃月饼 10 give red envelopes 发红包 11 hang red lanterns 挂红灯笼 12 sweep away bad luck 扫除霉运 三、节日时间与起源 13 fall on the first day of the first lunar month 在农历正月初一 14 in memory of Qu Yuan 纪念屈原 15 scare the Nian monster away 把年兽吓跑 16 date back to ancient times 追溯到古代 17 be passed down from generation to generation 代代相传 四、节日氛围与情感 18 be filled with joy 充满喜悦 19 extend greetings to sb 向某人致以问候 20 experience local culture and customs 体验当地文化和风俗 21 create a festive atmosphere 营造节日氛围 22 strengthen family ties 加强家庭纽带 五、文化传承与反思 23 preserve traditional culture 保护传统文化 24 keep up the tradition 遵循传统 25 break with tradition 打破传统 26 represent our culture 代表我们的文化 27 make an effort to protect traditions 努力保护传统 28 fade away gradually 逐渐消失 【佳文欣赏】 The Spring Festival falls on the first day of the first lunar month. On Chinese New Year's Eve, families enjoy a family reunion dinner and watch the Spring Gala. To celebrate it, we often set off firecrackers to scare the Nian monster away and sweep away bad luck. Besides, the character Fu is attached upside down, and children get fortunate money wrapped in red envelopes. 单元语法：被动语态的用法，动词短语搭配 被动语态 一、被动语态的概述 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 ◆主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如： They prohibit smoking in public areas. 谓语prohibit的动作是由主语they发出的，即they是prohibit smoking这个动作的执行者。 ◆被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。如： Smoking is prohibited by them in public areas. 主语smoking是prohibit这个动作的承受者。 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。 时态 构成形式 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done 一般过去时 was/were＋done 一般将来时 be going to/will/shall＋be done 过去将来时 would/should＋be done 现在进行时 am/is/are＋being done 过去进行时 was/were＋being done 现在完成时 have/has＋been done 过去完成时 had＋been done 含情态动词 情态动词＋be done The boy is often seen to play basketball on the court. 人们经常看到这个男孩在球场上打篮球。 The athlete was seen to enter the gym just now. 刚才有人看见这位运动员进了体育馆。 A new apartment will be built by us next year. 明年我们要建一栋新公寓。 The news would be sent to the volunteer’s mother the moment it arrived. 消息一到就会被送到那位志愿者的母亲那里。 The problem is being discussed at the meeting at the moment. 目前，会议上正在讨论这个问题。 An informal boxing match was being held when I arrived there. 我到那儿时，一场非正式的拳击比赛正在进行。 People’s living quality has been greatly improved in the past ten years. 在过去的十年里，人们的生活质量得到了极大的提高。 By the end of last year，another company had been completed. 到去年年底为止，另一家公司已经建成了。 The new teaching equipment must be sent to the rural school in no time. 这些新的教学设备必须马上送到那所乡村学校。 三、在下列情况下使用被动语态 1．不知道或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。 The charity organization was built ten years ago. 这个慈善组织是十年前成立的。 2．强调动作的承受者。 Your plan is considered to be practical. 你的计划被认为是实用的。 3．在书面语中，特别是在科技报告和新闻报道中，被动语态比主动语态更正式。 The International Space Station has been built in the Earth’s orbit. 国际空间站已经在地球轨道上建成了。 4．习惯用法的需要。这类词常见的有born，determine，devote，seat，dress，situate等。 You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work. 你只有全身心地投入工作才能取得成功。 四、使用被动语态的注意问题 1．以主动形式表被动意义的动词 (1)表示状态特征的系动词，如look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove不用于被动语态，其后接形容词或名词构成系表结构，表示被动含义。 He looks strong and energetic after going jogging regularly. 进行有规律的慢跑之后，他看起来很强壮并且充满活力。 The problem proves tough and is difficult to deal with. 这个问题证明很难，并且很难处理。 (2)表示主语的内在特征、性质或状态的动词，如drive，lock，sell，read，wash，dry等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。 You can depend on it that this kind of cloth washes well.你可以相信这种布料很好洗。 To our disappointment，the engine won’t start. 让我们失望的是，引擎发动不起来。 (3)不定式作定语，与前面被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系，且不定式的逻辑主语为主句的主语时，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。 Attention，please.I have something important to say. 请注意，我有重要的事情要说。 (4)不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，如difficult，easy，comfortable，hard，convenient，cheap，expensive等，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。 We find the guy is difficult to get along with. 我们发现这个家伙很难相处。 Our apartment is comfortable to live in. 我们的公寓住起来很舒服。 (5)need，want，require，deserve等作谓语，其主语为物时，动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。 The plan required discussing on schedule at the meeting. ＝The plan required to be discussed on schedule at the meeting. 这项计划需要在会上按时讨论。 (6)表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，run，move等。 The gym opens at 8 a．m.and closes at 10 p．m.every day. 这家健身房每天上午八点开门，晚上十点关门。 2．不用被动语态的情况 不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，常见的有：appear，die，disappear，rise，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，spread，stand，break out，come true，belong to，lose heart，take place，run out，come up等。 Owing to the heavy snow，the price of vegetable has risen recently. 由于这场大雪，最近蔬菜的价格上涨了。 To our satisfaction，our dream came true at last. 令我们满意的是，我们的梦想最终实现了。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Great changes (take) place in China in the past twenty years. 2．Because the surroundings are beautiful，the apartment building (sell) well. 3．As a result of the serious flood，the muddy roads in the rural area need (repair)． 4．I have no time to go with you because our new house (decorate) now. 5．It’s a custom in China to have some tea or other drinks before the meal (serve)． 6．How many magazines can (borrow) from your library every week? 7．It is reported that a space station (build) on the moon in the near future. 8．I had not (wake) up by the alarm，so I was late for school this morning. 9．The expert said that a new hospital (build) near this village soon. 10．That company，though small，is pleasant (deal) with. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．We must healthy food，regular exercise and reasonable schedules. 我们必须重视健康的饮食、规律的运动和合理的日程安排。 2．Red lanterns are and firecrackers are let off to scare away the monster Nian. 红灯笼被挂起来，并且燃放鞭炮以吓走怪兽“年”。 3． ignore the importance of education. 我们绝对不能忽略教育的重要性。 4． ，the boy arose from his chair immediately. 他妈妈一到家，这个男孩就赶快从椅子上起来了。 5． is of great benefit to your growth. 让你的周围都是积极向上的人对你的成长是有益的。 【答案】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．have taken 2．sells 3．repairing/to be repaired 4．is being decorated 5．is served 6．be borrowed 7．will be built 8．been woken 9．would be built 10．to deal Ⅱ.完成句子 1．attach great importance to 2．put up 3．On no account can we 4．The moment his mother returned home 5．Surrounding yourself with positive people 动词短语 一、含义 动词短语就是有些动词可以和一些别的词(如名词、副词、介词)构成短语(以动词为中心)，表达一个概念，其作用是和一个单独动词差不多的一种固定搭配。 二、动词短语分类 1．动词＋介词　此类动词短语均相当于及物动词，其宾语不管是名词、代词，还是动名词，都只能放在介词之后。 suffer from遭受……；graduate from毕业于……；apply for申请；adapt to适应；benefit from从……中获益 2．动词＋副词 (1)动词＋副词(不接宾语) pass away去世；pay off取得成功；come about发生；get ahead取得进步 (2)动词＋副词(接宾语) put up张贴；sweep away打扫；清除；put off推迟；throw away扔掉 3．动词＋副词＋介词 look forward to期盼……；try out for 参加……的选拔；sign up for报名参加……；keep up with跟上…… 4．动词＋名词 surf the Internet网上冲浪；remove one’s doubt消除某人的疑虑；make an effort尽力；catch sb.’s eye吸引某人的注意；earn one’s living谋生 5．动词＋名词＋介词 take advantage of利用；pay attention to注意；take part in参加 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The crowd waited (patient) in a line for the main character’s coming. 2．The teacher behaved well his students，all of whom liked him very much. 3．Faced with such a rude man，I can’t find (suit) words to make a response. 4．It’s polite for you to make an effort (talk) to others in a new place. 5．It was in this rural village the girl was born and grew up. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．The school was built who had made significant contributions to society. 为了纪念对社会做出巨大贡献的那位科学家而建了这所学校。 2．Success depends on whether you simple things perfectly. 成功取决于你是否有耐心把简单的事情做完美。 3．Parents are responsible for making sure their children . 父母都有责任保证他们的孩子行为端正。 4． not what you say but what you do that counts. 不是你说了什么而是你做了什么很重要。 【答案】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．patiently 2．towards/to 3．suitable 4．to talk 5．that Ⅱ.完成句子 1．in memory of the scientist 2．have the patience to do 3．behave well. 4．It’s （时间：30分钟） 1、 单词拼写 1.The ______ (毕业) ceremony will be held in the school hall next Friday. 2.We watched a ______ (龙) dance performance during the Spring Festival. 3.My grandmother always makes ______ (黏性的) rice cakes for the Mid-Autumn Festival. 4.The whole family gathered together to have a ______ (烧烤野餐) in the backyard. 5.Red ______ (灯笼) are hung along the street to celebrate the New Year. 6.We should show respect for different cultural ______ (传统) around the world. 7.The children were excited to see the ______ (怪兽) in the story. 8.Please ______ (张贴) the poster on the wall before the party begins. 9.The ______ (装饰物) on the Christmas tree looked beautiful and shiny. 10.The ______ (主人) of the party welcomed all the guests warmly. 11.She spent the whole morning ______ (打扫) the floor and cleaning the windows. 12.I received a beautiful ______ (信封) with a handwritten letter inside. 13.The little girl whispered ______ (低声说) something into her mother's ear. 14.We should never ______ (吞下) our food too quickly; it's bad for our health. 15.The ______ (事件) was described in detail in the local newspaper. 16.He was ______ (挑选) to represent our class in the English speech contest. 17.Please ______ (冷静下来) and tell me what happened just now. 18.The nurse wore a white ______ (制服) and looked very professional. 19.Tears of ______ (欢欣) rolled down her cheeks when she heard the good news. 20.The ______ (风俗) of giving red envelopes during Spring Festival is very popular in China. 【答案】 1.graduation 2.dragon 3.sticky 4.barbecue 5.lanterns 6.traditions 7.monster 8.put up 9.decorations 10.host 11.sweeping 12.envelope 13.whispered 14.swallow 15.event 16.selected 17.calm down 18.uniform 19.joy 20.custom 2、 阅读理解 A Information for School Activities to Kew Gardens Kew Gardens are famous for its diverse living plants and a wide range of educational events and activities.Below is the necessary information about planning a school visit to Kew. Educational Session Prices Students will participate in the educational sessions in groups of 15.Prices vary based on different situations： For Early Years Foundation Stage ·Key Stage 4：45­minute sessions：￡35/group；90­minute sessions：￡70/group ·Key Stage 5：Half day (1 session)：￡80/group；Full day (2 sessions)：￡160/group For Teachers and Adults ·One adult accompanying one pupil：Free ·Adults above the required ratios：￡11/person The payment will be due within 28 calendar days of making the booking. Health and Safety Required Supervising (监护) Adult­Student Ratio： ·Key Stage 4　1∶12 ·Key Stage 5　1∶6 The group sizes should be controlled if you are visiting restricted or potentially busy areas such as glasshouses and other attractions.The maximum number of students visiting the greenhouses is 15 per group；each group to Kew shops should include no more than 10 students. Risk Assessment Standard risk assessment directs you to customize a student­oriented risk assessment.If there is an emergency，do not call 999，contact the nearest staff or call Constabulary on 0208 332 3333. Planning Your Visit Your tickets and two planning passes will be sent to you upon the receipt of your payment.You can complete your risk assessment with the passes.Show the tickets and receipt documents to the gates staff on the day of visit. Recommended Timings Our gardens open at 10 a．m.You are recommended to spend at least three hours on your visits.The closing times vary while the earliest is 3：30 pm.We have a fixed schedule for education sessions，which is from 10：30 am to 2：20 pm(except KS5)． 1．If a group of 12 KS4 students and 2 teachers chooses a 45­min session，how much should be paid? A．￡35. B．￡46. C．￡57. D．￡81. 2．What should one do in case of emergency? A．Refer to the risk assessment. B．Telephone 999 immediately. C．Ask adults for help. D．Seek help from the staff nearby. 3．What is the purpose of the text? A．To describe the Kew Garden. B．To employ the staff. C．To guide school visitors. D．To introduce the activities. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了学校组织参观邱园的相关信息，包括教育课程价格等。 1．B　细节理解题。根据Educational Session Prices中“For Early Years Foundation Stage·Key Stage 4：45­minute sessions：￡35/group；90­minute sessions：￡70/group (针对幼儿基础阶段关键阶段4：45 分钟课程，每组35英镑；90分钟课程，每组70英镑)”以及 “For Teachers and Adults·One adult accompanying one pupil：Free·Adults above the required ratios：￡11/person (针对教师及成人：一名成人陪同一名学生：免费；超出规定比例的成人：每人11英镑)”Health and Safety中“Required Supervising (监护) Adult­Student Ratio：·Key Stage 4 1∶12 (所需监护成人与学生比例：·关键阶段4 1∶12)”可知，12名 KS4学生按比例需1名成人，现有2名教师，超出1名，需支付11英镑。课程费用35英镑，总计35＋11＝46英镑。故选B。 2．D　细节理解题。根据Risk Assessment中“If there is an emergency，do not call 999，contact the nearest staff or call Constabulary on 0208 332 3333.(如果发生紧急情况，不要拨打999，联系最近的工作人员或拨打02083323333联系警察。)”可知，遇到紧急情况应向附近工作人员求助。故选D。 3．C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Below is the necessary information about planning a school visit to Kew.(以下是计划学校参观邱园的必要信息。)”可知，本文目的是指导学校参观者。故选C。 B A common question in educational psychology has sparked heated discussions in recent years：“If high school teachers often say ‘hard work leads to better jobs and avoids a difficult life like electricians，’ do children from wealthy families still need to study hard？” To address this，a research team from Peking University conducted a 5­year study (2020－2025) involving 2,300 teenagers from families with annual incomes above 1 million yuan across 12 Chinese cities. The study first analyzed the “motivation gap” between wealthy and non­wealthy students.Surprisingly,68% of wealthy students reported feeling “pressure to study hard”，but their motivation differed significantly from their peers.Only 12% of wealthy students studied to “find a stable job” (the top motivation for non­wealthy students)，while 73% aimed to “gain personal fulfillment” (e.g.，mastering a subject they loved) or “maintain family reputation” (e.g.，meeting parents’ expectations of attending top universities)．The researchers noted that this difference did not mean wealthy students were less hardworking—instead，their “effort direction” was more focused on long­term personal growth rather than short­term financial security. To test whether “family wealth replaces the need for effort”，the team tracked the academic performance and post­graduation paths of 500 participants.Among those who “reduced study effort” (spending less than 2 hours on homework daily in high school)，82% failed to get into their preferred universities—even with family connections that helped them gain interview opportunities.In contrast,91% of wealthy students who maintained consistent effort (studying 4＋ hours daily and participating in academic competitions) were admitted to top­tier universities or pursued further studies abroad.More importantly，after graduation，the “high­effort” group showed stronger problem­solving skills and adaptability in the workplace：78% of them received promotions within 3 years，compared to only 34% of the “low­effort” group—despite both groups having access to family­provided career resources. Dr.Li Jia，the study’s lead researcher，emphasized that family wealth acts as a “safety net” rather than a “replacement for effort”．“Wealth can open doors，but it can’t keep them open，” she explained.“A wealthy student might get a job interview through family contacts，but their ability to perform well and keep the job depends on the skills and knowledge gained from hard study.For example，we interviewed a student whose father owns a tech company—he was hired as a project manager after graduation，but he was demoted within 6 months because he lacked the technical expertise to lead the team.His father later admitted that ‘spoon­feeding opportunities without effort only harms his growth.’” The study also challenged the misunderstanding that “wealthy students study hard only for reputation.” In fact,45% of the high­effort wealthy students chose majors like environmental science or art history—fields with no direct “financial return” but aligned with their interests.“This shows that their effort is driven by intrinsic motivation，which is more sustainable than external pressure，” Dr.Li added.The research concludes that regardless of family background，hard work remains crucial for personal development and long­term success—wealth may provide advantages，but it cannot compensate for a lack of effort. 4．What is the top motivation for non­wealthy students to study hard? A．Gaining personal fulfillment. B．Finding a stable job. C．Maintaining family reputation. D．Pursuing further studies abroad. 5．What can we learn about the “low­effort” wealthy students in the study? A．Most of them failed to enter their ideal universities. B．They spent 4＋ hours on homework daily in high school. C．78% of them got promoted within 3 years after graduation. D．They performed better than non­wealthy students in interviews. 6．Why was the student with a tech company owner father demoted? A．He refused to follow his father’s advice on work. B．He lacked technical skills from hard study. C．His family’s career resources were not sufficient. D．He was not interested in the project manager position. 7．What does the study conclude about family wealth and hard work? A．Wealthy students should focus on majors with high financial returns. B．Family wealth can fully replace the need for hard work in career success. C．Hard work is essential for personal development no matter the family background. D．The main reason wealthy students study hard is to maintain family reputation. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍北京大学团队针对富裕家庭子女是否需努力学习的研究，分析其学习动机、努力程度的影响及研究结论。 4．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only 12% of wealthy students studied to ‘find a stable job’ (the top motivation for non­wealthy students)，(仅有12%的富裕家庭学生为‘找到稳定工作’而学习，而这却是非富裕家庭学生的首要学习动机)”可知，非富裕家庭学生努力学习的首要动机是找到稳定工作。故选B项。 5．A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Among those who ‘reduced study effort’ (spending less than 2 hours on homework daily in high school)，82% failed to get into their preferred universities (在‘减少学习努力’的学生中——高中阶段每天花在作业上的时间少于2小时——82%的人未能进入自己偏好的大学)”可知，“低努力度”的富裕家庭学生中，大多数没能进入理想大学。故选A项。 6．B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For example，we interviewed a student whose father owns a tech company—he was hired as a project manager after graduation，but he was demoted within 6 months because he lacked the technical expertise to lead the team.(例如，我们采访了一名学生，他的父亲拥有一家科技公司。毕业后他被聘为项目经理，但6个月内就被降职，因为他缺乏领导团队所需的技术专业知识。)”可知，该学生被降职是因为缺乏通过努力学习获得的技术技能。故选B项。 7．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The research concludes that regardless of family background，hard work remains crucial for personal development and long­term success—wealth may provide advantages，but it cannot compensate for a lack of effort.(研究得出结论：无论家庭背景如何，努力学习对个人发展和长期成功都至关重要——财富可能提供优势，但无法弥补努力的缺失。)”可知，研究认为无论家庭背景怎样，努力对个人发展都必不可少。故选C项。 C Up until recently,16­year­old Esraa Elsharkawy had doubts about artificial intelligence (AI)．“I just thought AI was just kind of 　off­putting　，” she says.She worried the technology would take jobs away from humans，and she didn’t understand how it worked，but she wanted to learn more.The only problem：She couldn’t get that kind of education at her high school in Katy，Texas. For years，research has shown a digital divide in schools’ teaching about new technologies.For example，rich suburban schools are more likely to have computer science classes than poorer urban and rural districts. A free summer camp AI4All at Princeton University wanted to help close the gap：it invited about 30 high schoolers from low­income families to spend three weeks living on campus，learning about the math that powers generative AI and work together with Princeton teachers to build AI solutions for real­world issues：from drone (无人机)­based wildfire monitoring to medical problem­solving. At Princeton，campers worked on AI solutions to real­life challenges in medicine，robotics and environmental science.On a mid­July afternoon，AI4All campers sat in a group inside a lecture hall and listened closely to Princeton professor Jaime Fernández Fisac as he explained how AI could help drones fly better.The concepts were very difficult，but the high schoolers were following along. Elsharkawy attended the camp and said the experience changed her idea of AI.She said the AI4All program “definitely helps with the digital divide.” Ryan Chou，from California，called the camp a “small but impactful” step and wanted it expanded. Public K­12 teachers see both benefits and risks in AI，according to a survey.A majority of those surveyed believe AI will improve accessibility of learning materials for students with disabilities.Still,40% of them say they don’t use AI at all.And more than half of the 40% believe weekly use of AI by students would decrease their ability to think independently and critically. 8．What does the underlined word“off­putting” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Unsettling. B．Disappointing. C．Promising. D．Relaxing. 9．What’s the goal of the camp? A．To introduce AI to young learners. B．To popularize AI education. C．To apply AI in math learning. D．To address practical problems. 10．How did the campers react to the AI courses? A．They showed great enthusiasm. B．They showed respect for professors. C．They enjoyed the teaching methods. D．They had trouble following the lessons. 11．What is the attitude of most teachers surveyed towards AI? A．Critical. B．Appreciative. C．Objective. D．Unclear. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能教育在不同学校中的差异，以及普林斯顿大学AI4All夏令营在缩小人工智能教育差距方面所做的努力和取得的成效，同时提及了公立K­12教师对人工智能的看法。 8．A　词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Up until recently,16­year­old Esraa Elsharkawy had doubts about artificial intelligence (AI)．(直到不久前，16岁的埃斯拉·埃尔沙卡维还对人工智能持怀疑态度。)”和“She worried the technology would take jobs away from humans，and she didn’t understand how it worked，but she wanted to learn more.(她担心这项技术会夺走人类的工作，而且她不明白它是如何工作的，但她想更多地了解。)”可知，人工智能让埃尔沙卡维感到担忧。由此推知，她的话“I just thought AI was just kind of 　off­putting　”表达了同样的意思，划线词off­putting意为“令人不安的”。A.Unsettling.令人不安的；B.Disappointing.令人失望的；C.Promising.有前途的；D.Relaxing.令人放松的。故选A项。 9．B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“A free summer camp AI4All at Princeton University wanted to help close the gap：it invited about 30 high schoolers from low­income families to spend three weeks living on campus，learning about the math that powers generative AI and work together with Princeton teachers to build AI solutions for real­world issues (普林斯顿大学的一个免费夏令营AI4All希望帮助缩小这一差距：它邀请了大约30名来自低收入家庭的高中生在校园里生活三周，学习驱动生成性人工智能的数学知识，并与普林斯顿大学的老师一起为现实世界的问题构建人工智能解决方案)”可知，这个夏令营帮助来自低收入家庭的学生学习人工智能知识，目标是普及人工智能教育。故选B项。 10．A　推理判断题。根据第四段中“On a mid­July afternoon，AI4All campers sat in a group inside a lecture hall and listened closely to Princeton professor Jaime Fernández Fisac as he explained how AI could help drones fly better.The concepts were very difficult，but the high schoolers were following along.(七月中旬的一个午后，‘AI普及计划’夏令营的学员们齐聚演讲厅，全神贯注地聆听普林斯顿大学教授海梅·费尔南德斯·菲萨克的讲座。教授正在阐释人工智能如何优化无人机飞行性能，尽管这些概念晦涩难懂，但在场的中学生们却始终紧跟讲解思路。)”可知，尽管人工智能的概念很难，但高中生们都在努力跟上，表现出对人工智能课程的极大热情。故选A项。 11．C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Public K­12 teachers see both benefits and risks in AI，according to a survey.A majority of those surveyed believe AI will improve accessibility of learning materials for students with disabilities.Still,40% of them say they don’t use AI at all.And more than half of the 40% believe weekly use of AI by students would decrease their ability to think independently and critically.(根据一项调查，公立K­12教师看到了人工智能的好处和风险。大多数受访者认为，人工智能将提高残疾学生学习材料的可获得性。尽管如此，他们中40%的人表示他们根本没有使用人工智能。在这40%的人中，超过一半的人认为，学生每周使用人工智能会降低他们独立思考和批判性思考的能力。)”可知，大多数受访教师既看到了人工智能的好处，也看到了其风险，对人工智能持客观态度。故选C项。 D Imagine a world where money ceases to exist—where walking into a store，picking up a laptop，a loaf of bread，or a designer dress requires no exchange of cash，credit cards，or digital payments.At first glance，this might seem like a utopia：no more poverty，no more debt，no more stress over making ends meet.But beneath the surface，such a world would trigger profound，and often unsettling，shifts in human society，economics，and even psychology. To start，the global economy as we know it would collapse.For centuries，money has served as a “medium of exchange” that simplifies trade—a farmer can sell wheat for money，then use that money to buy tools，instead of bartering wheat directly for tools (which requires finding someone who both needs wheat and has tools to spare)．Without money，bartering would return，but on a chaotic scale.A teacher who wants a new car would need to find a car manufacturer willing to trade a vehicle for，say,500 hours of tutoring—and the manufacturer would then need to find someone who wants tutoring in exchange for parts to build more cars.This chain of barter would quickly break down，leading to shortages of essential goods as production slows without a clear way to value labor and resources. Resource allocation would become another crisis.In a moneyless world，people might hoard goods “just in case”—even if they don’t need them immediately.Imagine walking into a grocery store to find shelves empty，not because of low supply，but because others have taken 10 cartons of milk each，fearing future scarcity.This hoarding would create artificial shortages，making it harder for those who truly need goods (like a parent needing baby formula) to access them.Governments might step in to ration resources，but enforcing rationing would require strict oversight—and potentially limit personal freedom in ways that many would resist. Perhaps most surprisingly，the end of money could reshape human motivation.Today，many people work to earn money to support their families，pursue hobbies，or save for the future.Without money，the “reward” for work would shift to other factors：personal fulfillment，social recognition，or the desire to contribute to society.For some，this would be liberating—a doctor might focus on treating patients rather than worrying about insurance payments，or an artist might create art purely for passion.But for others，the loss of financial incentive could lead to laziness.Why work 40 hours a week in a factory if you can get everything you need for free？This could reduce productivity，further worsening shortages of goods and services. Even social relationships might change.Money often acts as a “neutral” factor in interactions—paying a stranger to fix your bike is a clear，one­time exchange.Without money，interactions could become more complicated：if you ask a neighbor to fix your bike，you’d owe them a favor in return，creating a web of obligations that might strain relationships.Over time，this could lead to the formation of small，tight­knit groups where people rely on each other for favors—excluding those who don’t fit in，and potentially reviving forms of inequality that money once masked. A moneyless world，then，is not the simple utopia it appears to be.It would challenge our assumptions about work，value，and community—and force us to confront difficult questions about what makes a society fair and functional. 12．What does the author think is the most direct consequence of a moneyless world for global trade? A．The return of bartering would disrupt the existing trade system. B．Farmers would struggle to sell their crops to tool manufacturers. C．Car manufacturers would face shortages of production parts. D．Essential goods would disappear from the market completely. 13．Why would resource rationing by governments be difficult to implement in a moneyless world? A．Most people would refuse to accept the authority of the government. B．There would be no way to calculate the exact amount of resources needed. C．The cost of enforcing rationing would be too high for governments to bear. D．It would restrict personal freedom，which many people would oppose. 14．Which view about the impact of a moneyless world on work does the author support? A．Doctors would stop caring about patients if they don’t earn money. B．Artists would lose their passion for creation without financial rewards. C．Some people might lose motivation to work due to lack of money. D．Most people would choose to work for social recognition instead of money. 15．What is the author’s main conclusion about a moneyless world? A．It would be a utopia where poverty and debt no longer exist. B．It would bring more challenges than benefits to human society. C．It would completely change the way people interact with each other. D．It would solve most economic problems but create social issues. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论的是假如金钱不复存在，世界将会面临的种种状况与挑战。 12．A　细节理解题。根据第二段“Without money，bartering would return，but on a chaotic scale.(没有金钱，物物交换将卷土重来，但规模将混乱不堪。)”和“This chain of barter would quickly break down，leading to shortages of essential goods as production slows without a clear way to value labor and resources.(这种物物交换链很快就会崩溃，由于生产放缓，没有明确的方法来评估劳动力和资源的价值，导致必需品短缺。)”可知，作者认为无货币世界对全球贸易的最直接后果是物物交换的回归将扰乱现有的贸易体系。故选A。 13．D　细节理解题。根据第三段“Governments might step in to ration resources，but enforcing rationing would require strict oversight—and potentially limit personal freedom in ways that many would resist.(政府可能会介入进行资源配给，但实施配给制需要严格的监管——这可能会以许多人会抗拒的方式限制个人自由。)”可知，在一个没有钱的世界里，政府的资源配给很难实施是因为它会限制人身自由，这是许多人会反对的。故选D。 14．C　推理判断题。根据第四段“But for others，the loss of financial incentive could lead to laziness.Why work 40 hours a week in a factory if you can get everything you need for free？This could reduce productivity，further worsening shortages of goods and services.(但对其他人来说，失去经济激励可能会导致懒惰。如果你能免费得到你需要的一切，为什么还要在工厂里每周工作40个小时呢？这可能会降低生产率，进一步加剧商品和服务的短缺。)”可知，作者支持的观点是在一个没有钱的世界，有些人可能会因为缺钱而失去工作的动力。故选C。 15．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“A moneyless world，then，is not the simple utopia it appears to be.It would challenge our assumptions about work，value，and community—and force us to confront difficult questions about what makes a society fair and functional.(因此，一个无钱的世界并不像表面上看起来那么简单。它将挑战我们对工作、价值和社区的假设，并迫使我们面对一些难题，即是什么使社会公平和有效。)”可知，作者对没有钱的世界的主要结论是这将给人类社会带来更多的挑战而不是好处。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 Life is full of regrets，like the friend you never apologized to or the risky job that you turned down.If you let them take you down，they will probably destroy you.Here are some tips on how to overcome regrets. Remember that a new day often brings a fresh perspective.As you reflect on your regrets，you will likely be kicking yourself.　__1__　 Sleep，rest，watch a movie，or play a game—just do something for a short season to get away from it all.You’ll look at the regret from a different angle the next morning. 2__　 It is possible that your regret is something that can still be fixed.That previously declined job opportunity might still be an option.Likewise，offering a sincere apology，is always timely.Do what you can to resolve the matter.Eventually，you will get this regret off of your plate. Help someone else.　__3__　 So why not help someone else to achieve their dreams？It might be too late for you to be in the big leagues.　__4__　 That would help you get over the pain of not taking that swing.Coach a little league team or mentor a young person.Put in the time to help someone else live without regrets. Do an after­action review.You can do this on a daily basis：End your day by reviewing the choices and decisions of your day.Who did you talk to？Why were you afraid？Take time to examine all that you did.When you learn from your mistakes，you are less likely to repeat them and cause regrets.Invite others into this process from time to time.　__5__ A．Make things right. B．You’ll gain even broader insights. C．Evaluate people around frequently. D．But what if you help someone else get there? E．We suggest you take a break from the difficulty. F．Everything inside you is calling you every name for being so fool. G．It is said that you’ll get what you want if you help people get what they want. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人生中难免有遗憾，若被遗憾困扰可能会受其摧毁，并给出了四条克服遗憾的建议。 1．E　空前“Remember that a new day often brings a fresh perspective.As you reflect on your regrets，you will likely be kicking yourself.(记住，新的一天往往会带来全新的视角。当你回想那些遗憾时，或许会陷入自责。)”提到回想遗憾时，人们可能会自责；而下文“Sleep，rest，watch a movie，or play a game—just do something for a short season to get away from it all.You’ll look at the regret from a different angle the next morning.(睡一觉、休息一下、看场电影或是玩会儿游戏——只需做些短暂的事情，暂时把这一切抛在脑后。第二天早上，你定会从全新的角度看待那份遗憾。)”则列举了睡觉、休息、看电影、玩游戏等短暂脱离遗憾的做法。选项E“We suggest you take a break from the difficulty.(我们建议你暂时从这种困扰中抽离出来。)”既承接前文的负面情绪，又引出后文的具体放松方式，逻辑连贯。故选E。 2．A　空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“It is possible that your regret is something that can still be fixed.That previously declined job opportunity might still be an option.Likewise，offering a sincere apology，is always timely.Do what you can to resolve the matter.Eventually，you will get this regret off of your plate.(你的遗憾或许仍有弥补的可能。之前拒绝的那份工作机会，说不定现在依然可选；同样，真诚地说一句道歉，永远都不算晚。尽你所能去解决问题，最终你定能摆脱这份遗憾的困扰。)”可知，本段主要围绕遗憾或许仍能弥补展开。选项A“Make things right.(弥补过错。)”精准概括段落核心，且与后文“尽你所能解决问题，最终摆脱遗憾”形成呼应，符合段落主旨逻辑。故选A。 3．G　根据段首句“Help someone else.(帮助他人。)”可知，本段主题为帮助他人。选项G“It is said that you’ll get what you want if you help people get what they want.(据说，如果你帮助别人获得他们想要的，你也会得到自己想要的。)”延续上文内容，说明了帮助他人的意义，从而指出了帮助别人的重要性，符合逻辑。故选G。 4．D　上文“It might be too late for you to be in the big leagues.(对你而言，跻身顶尖领域或许已为时过晚。)”提出对于我们而言，进入顶尖领域可能已太晚。下文“Coach a little league team or mentor a young person.Put in the time to help someone else live without regrets.(去指导一支小联盟球队，或是辅导一个年轻人吧。)”则建议指导小联盟球队或辅导年轻人。选项D“But what if you help someone else get there？(但如果你帮别人实现了呢？)”以转折句式衔接前文的“自身遗憾”与后文的“助人行动”，符合语境的递进关系。故选D。 5．B　上文“Do an after­action review.You can do this on a daily basis：End your day by reviewing the choices and decisions of your day.Who did you talk to？Why were you afraid？Take time to examine all that you did.When you learn from your mistakes，you are less likely to repeat them and cause regrets.Invite others into this process from time to time.(进行事后复盘。你可以每天都这样做：在一天结束时，回顾当天所做的选择与决定——你和谁交谈过？你当时在害怕什么？花时间审视自己一整天的所作所为。当你从错误中吸取教训，就不太可能重蹈覆辙、再留遗憾。偶尔也可以邀请他人参与到这个过程中。)”建议人们定期进行事后复盘，有时可邀请他人参与。选项B“You’ll gain even broader insights.(你会获得更全面的见解。)”承接上文邀请别人的做法，同时解释了该行为的积极结果，也就是通过他人视角补充自身复盘的不足。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空 It started like any normal day.My partner，Stewart，helped me out of bed.I 　__1__　 on my crutches(拐杖)as I made my way to the car，slowly and dangerously.All of a sudden，I 　__2__　 my footing and fell. Not for the first time，Stewart was caught between concern and 　__3__　.Wasn’t it time，he asked，for me to consider using a wheelchair? Once again，I 　__4__　 the suggestion. I was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis(类风湿性关节炎)in my 20s.Over the following years，movement and mobility became more and more painful and challenging，but I was 　__5__　 to stay on my feet—to still be a “walking person”．But，slowly，walking unaided became impossible.The morning after my 　__6__　，the truth of what Stewart had been saying 　__7__　 me：trying to stay on my feet was disabling me further.My perspective 　__8__　 and I admitted what felt，at the time，like defeat.At 46，I started using the wheelchair.Suddenly，having been 　__9__　，here I was，a “disabled person”，sitting at the height of most people’s waists. However，being more 　__10__　 disabled has had other silver linings，too.People are kind.And，I often feel as if I am seeing the very best of human 　__11__　. Now，when I look at the wheelchair，I see the imprint of myself on it，how its shape has 　__12__　 me，and mine to it，and I feel greater 　__13__　：it is a part of me now. Of course，I long to walk，but I am learning to live with my 　__14__　.Using a wheelchair can be challenging，but it has also proved hugely 　__15__　；together，it feels as if we are starting a whole new adventure. 1．A.swung B．relied C．lived D．hung 2．A.gained B．treated C．missed D．enjoyed 3．A.happiness B．relief C．guilt D．irritation 4．A.rejected B．considered C．appreciated D．received 5．A.unwilling B．frightened C．adamant D．hesitant 6．A.success B．tumble C．journey D．walk 7．A.excited B．escaped C．beat D．hit 8．A.remained B．shifted C．disappeared D．narrowed 9．A.bright B．reliable C．tall D．mean 10．A.mentally B．visibly C．mildly D．completely 11．A.nature B．history C．achievement D．activity 12．A.referred to B．adapted to C．belonged to D．turned to 13．A.acceptance B．burden C．distance D．objective 14．A.hobby B．dream C．talent D．disability 15．A.dominating B．emancipating C．disturbing D．amusing 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍作者患类风湿性关节炎后，从拒绝使用轮椅到逐渐接受并发现其积极意义的过程。 1．B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我拄着拐杖走向汽车，缓慢而危险。A.swung摆动；B.relied依靠；C.lived生活；D.hung悬挂。根据下文“on my crutches(拐杖)as I made my way to the car，slowly and dangerously”可知，作者缓慢而危险的走向汽车，由此可知，作者需要“依靠”拐杖行走。故选B项。 2．C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，我失足摔倒了。A.gained获得；B.treated对待；C.missed未抓住；D.enjoyed享受。根据下文“fell”可知，作者“未踩稳”脚而摔倒，“miss one’s footing”为固定搭配，意为“失足”。故选C项。 3．D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯图尔特再次陷入担忧和恼怒之间。A.happiness快乐；B.relief宽慰；C.guilt内疚；D.irritation恼怒。根据上文的“concern”以及下文“Wasn’t it time，he asked，for me to consider using a wheelchair？”可知，斯图尔特质问作者，难道不该考虑使用轮椅吗，由此可知，斯图尔特因作者拒绝坐轮椅而感到“恼怒”。故选D项。 4．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我再次拒绝了这个建议。A.rejected拒绝；B.considered考虑；C.appreciated感激；D.received收到。根据语境和上文的“Once again”可知，斯图尔特建议作者坐轮椅，而作者再一次“拒绝”使用轮椅的建议。故选A项。 5．C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几年里，活动和移动变得越来越痛苦且具有挑战性，但我坚决要坚持站立——继续做一个“能行走的人”。A.unwilling不愿意的；B.frightened害怕的；C.adamant坚决的；D.hesitant犹豫的。根据下文“trying to stay on my feet was disabling me further.”可知，作者“坚决”不肯坐轮椅。故选C项。 6．B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我摔倒后的那个早晨，我突然意识到斯图尔特一直说的话是对的：强撑着站立反而让我更加行动不便。A.success成功；B.tumble摔倒；C.journey旅程；D.walk行走。根据上文“fell”可知，此处指“摔倒”后的早晨。故选B项。 7．D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我摔倒后的那个早晨，我突然意识到斯图尔特一直说的话是对的：强撑着站立反而让我更加行动不便。A.excited使兴奋；B.escaped逃离；C.beat打败；D.hit使突然意识到。根据下文“trying to stay on my feet was disabling me further.”可知，作者突然“意识到”斯图尔特的建议是对的，“hit”在此处表示“突然明白”。故选D项。 8．B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的观点改变了，我承认当时感觉像是失败。A.remained保持；B.shifted改变；C.disappeared消失；D.narrowed变窄。根据下文“and I admitted what felt，at the time，like defeat.”可知，作者承认当时感觉像是失败，由此可知，此处指的是观念“改变”了，决定使用轮椅。故选B项。 9．C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：突然，曾经高大的我，现在成了一个“残疾人”，坐在大多数人的腰部高度。A.bright聪明的；B.reliable可靠的；C.tall高的；D.mean吝啬的。根据下文“sitting at the height of most people’s waists.”可知，站着时“高大的”作者，坐轮椅后只到别人腰部高度。故选C项。 10．B　考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，明显的残疾也有其他积极的一面。A.mentally精神上地；B.visibly明显地；C.mildly轻微地；D.completely完全地。根据下文“People are kind.”以及“And，I often feel as if I am seeing the very best of human 　__11__　.”可知，坐轮椅让作者的残疾“明显地”展现出来，反而感受到人们的善意，看到了人性中最好的一面。故选B项。 11．A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我常常觉得自己看到了人性中最美好的一面。A.nature本性；B.history历史；C.achievement成就；D.activity活动。根据上文“People are kind.”可知，作者看到了人类“本性”中善良的一面。故选A项。 12．B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在，当我看着轮椅时，我看到了自己在上面的印记，它的形状如何适应我，我的形状又如何适应它，我感到更大的接受度：它现在是我的一部分了。A.referred to提及；B.adapted to适应；C.belonged to属于；D.turned to求助于。根据上文的“Now，when I look at the wheelchair，I see the imprint of myself on it”以及下文“mine to it”可知，作者看到自己在轮椅上的印记，由此可知，轮椅的形状“适应”了作者，作者也适应了它。故选B项。 13．A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，当我看着轮椅时，我看到了自己在上面的印记，它的形状如何适应我，我的形状又如何适应它，我感到更大的接受度：它现在是我的一部分了。A.acceptance接受；B.burden负担；C.distance距离；D.objective目标。根据下文“it is a part of me now”可知，作者逐渐“接受”了轮椅。故选A项。 14．D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，我渴望走路，但我正在学习与我的残疾共存。A.hobby爱好；B.dream梦想；C.talent天赋；D.disability残疾。根据上文“I was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis(类风湿性关节炎)in my 20s.”以及“was disabling me”可知，作者在20多岁被诊断患上了类风湿性关节炎，由此可推断，作者在学习与“残疾”共处。故选D项。 15．B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：使用轮椅可能具有挑战性，但事实也证明它非常自由；总之，感觉我们正在开始一场全新的冒险。A.dominating占主导的；B.emancipating解放的，自由的；C.disturbing令人不安的；D.amusing有趣的。根据后文“it feels as if we are starting a whole new adventure”可知，使用轮椅让作者开启了一场全新的冒险，给作者带来了自由的感觉。故选B项。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Social media has become an integral part of modern life，especially for teenagers.While it offers many benefits，it also presents challenges that young people need to navigate 1.　________　 (wise)． On the positive side，social media allows teenagers 2.　________　 (stay) connected with friends and family，particularly those who live far away.It also provides access to information and 3.　________　 (educate) resources that might not be available otherwise.Many teens use social media to explore their interests，discover new hobbies，and find communities of like­minded 4.　________　 (individual)． However，there are also significant drawbacks.Excessive use of social media 5.　________　 (link) to various mental health issues，including anxiety，depression，and poor sleep quality.The constant exposure to carefully 6.　________　 (curate) content can create unrealistic expectations and foster feelings of inadequacy.7.　________　 addition，cyberbullying has become a serious concern，with many teenagers reporting negative experiences online. To use social media in a healthy way，experts recommend setting boundaries.This might include limiting screen time，taking regular breaks，and being mindful of the content one consumes and shares.It’s also important 8.　________　 (remember) that social media often presents a highlight reel of people’s lives rather than a complete picture. Parents and educators play a crucial role in helping teenagers develop 9.　________　 (responsibility) social media habits.Open conversations about online safety，digital citizenship，and critical thinking can empower young people 10.　________　 (make) informed decisions about their social media use. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。本文阐述社交媒体是青少年生活的重要部分，既带来社交、获取信息等益处，也存在影响心理健康、网络欺凌等问题，并给出健康使用建议及家长和教育者的作用。 1．wisely　考查副词。句意：虽然它带来了诸多好处，但也伴随着一些需要年轻人明智应对的挑战。修饰动词navigate用副词wisely。故填wisely。 2．to stay　考查非谓语动词。句意：从积极的方面来看，社交媒体使青少年能够与朋友和家人保持联系，尤其是那些居住在远方的亲人。短语allow sb to do sth表示“允许某人做某事”。故填to stay。 3．educational　考查形容词。句意：它还提供了那些若非如此则无法获取的信息和教育资源。修饰名词resources用形容词educational。故填educational。 4．individuals　考查名词的数。句意：许多青少年通过社交媒体来探索自己的兴趣爱好，发现新的爱好，并结识志同道合的同龄人。根据上文Many teens可知，此处individual数量大于一用复数形式。故填individuals。 5．has been linked/is linked　考查动词语态。句意：过度使用社交媒体已被证实与多种心理健康问题有关，比如焦虑、抑郁以及睡眠质量差等。主语Excessive use of social media与谓语构成被动关系，此处可理解为陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数；或理解为过去的动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been linked/is linked。 6．curated　考查非谓语动词。句意：长期接触精心挑选的内容可能会让人产生不切实际的期望，并引发自我价值感的缺失感。此处为被动关系，修饰content用过去分词curated，作定语。故填curated。 7．In　考查介词。句意：此外，网络欺凌问题也日益严重，许多青少年都反映在网上的经历是负面的。短语in addition表示“此外”，首字母大写。故填In。 8．to remember　考查非谓语动词。句意：同时也要记住，社交媒体所呈现的往往是人们生活的精彩片段，而非完整的全貌。此处为It be adj.to do sth，不定式作真正主语。故填to remember。 9．responsible　考查形容词。句意：家长和教育工作者在帮助青少年养成负责任的社交媒体使用习惯方面发挥着至关重要的作用。修饰名词habits用形容词responsible。故填responsible。 10．to make　考查非谓语动词。句意：开展有关网络安全、数字公民意识以及批判性思维的交流活动，能够增强年轻人对自身社交媒体使用行为的判断力，使他们能够做出明智的选择。短语empower sb to do sth表示“赋予某人做某事的权力/能力”。故填to make。 四、书面表达 假如你是李华，上周日是你妈妈的生日，你和爸爸还有弟弟一起为妈妈庆祝了生日。请根据下面的提示，用英语把这件事描述一下。 1．上周日是妈妈的五十岁生日； 2．家人都为她准备了生日礼物； 3．爸爸下厨做了好吃的饭菜； 4．大家一起祝妈妈生日快乐，感谢她为家里所做的一切。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 写作要求是描述为妈妈庆祝生日的事情。写作时应注意以下几点： 1．确定文体：这是一篇记叙文，写作中应注意记叙文的常规格式； 2．主体时态：文章应以一般过去时为主； 3．主体人称：由于是描写为妈妈过生日的事情，所以人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。 [谋篇] 第一段：交代背景； 第二段：描述庆祝生日的过程； 第三段：表达自己的感受。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心词汇] 1．度过快乐的一天 2．秘密地进行交谈 3．零花钱 4．对……惊讶 5．下班回家 6．因某事而感谢某人 [连词成句] 1．我爸爸、弟弟和我秘密地进行了交谈。 My father，brother and I secretly. 2．我们讨论了怎样庆祝妈妈的生日。(疑问词＋不定式) We discussed . 3．我们到家时，看到一张桌子已经摆好了。(主谓宾宾补) When we got home， . 4．桌子上有很多好吃的食物。(there be句型) . 5．我们都对她说：“生日快乐！” . 6．我们感谢她为家里所做的一切。(what宾语从句) We all thanked her for . 第三步　句式升级 1．请把句1和句2用现在分词作伴随状语合成一句话。 My father，brother and I had a talk secretly， . 2．请把句3和句4用with复合结构合成一句话。 When we got home，we saw a table laid . 3．请把句5和句6用现在分词短语作伴随状语合成一句话。 We all said “Happy Birthday！” to her， . 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。 【答案】 第二步　遣词造句 [核心词汇] 1．have a merry day 2．have a talk secretly 3．pocket money 4．be surprised at 5．come back from work 6．thank sb.for sth. [连词成句] 1． had a talk 2． how to celebrate my mother’s birthday. 3．we saw a table laid. 4．There were many delicious foods on the table. 5．We all said “Happy Birthday！” to her. 6． what she had done for our family. 第三步　句式升级 1．discussing how to celebrate my mother’s birthday. 2．with many delicious foods on it. 3．thanking her for what she had done for our family. 第四步　组句成篇 参考范文 We had a merry day last Sunday，for it was my mother’s fiftieth birthday! Several days before，my father，brother and I had a talk secretly，discussing how to celebrate my mother’s birthday.On Sunday morning，my brother and I got up early and went to buy some flowers using our pocket money.When we got home，we saw a table laid with many delicious foods on it.My mother was so surprised at what she saw when she came back from work! We all said “Happy Birthday！” to her，thanking her for what she had done for our family. I love my family and I will remember the happy day forever! 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $