考前押题05 阅读理解之说明文（期中专项训练）八年级英语上学期新教材外研版

考前押题05 阅读理解之说明文常考5大话题 话题1 成长感悟类（高频） 话题2 亲情温暖类 话题3 校园师生/友情类 话题4 社会温情/人性美类（常考点） 话题5 家国乡土/文化传承类（常考点） 说明文阅读的核心是：说明对象 + 特征/原理 + 说明顺序 + 说明方法 + 语言准确性。 英语说明文还要特别注意：主旨句、支持细节、逻辑关系、同义替换。 整体解题五步法 1. 读题干，圈关键词：判断题型：主旨、细节、词义、推断、方法、作用。 2. 速读全文，抓对象：看标题、首段、各段首句、尾段。 3. 定位原文：题干关键词回原文找对应句、段。 4. 比对选项：注意同义替换，排除偷换概念、无中生有、绝对化。 5. 规范作答：先概括，再分析，最后扣住说明对象和特征。 考点1 成长感悟类（共5篇） Passage 1 （26-27八年级上·黑龙江佳木斯·阶段检测）Do you often feel tired in class? Do you have trouble concentrating on your study? Maybe your bad daily habits are the reasons. A recent study shows that daily habits have a great influence on teenagers’ study and health. Students with good habits usually get better grades. They plan their time well, finish tasks on time and review their lessons every day. They hardly ever waste time on meaningless things. However, students with bad habits often feel lazy and careless. They always put off their study and play all day. Besides study, habits influence physical health. Students who exercise regularly and eat healthily are stronger and seldom get sick. But those who stay up late and eat junk food easily feel weak and tired. What’s more, good habits help build good personalities. People with good habits are usually more patient, responsible and positive. They can face difficulties bravely in study and life. Habits are formed day by day. We should start small and keep good habits every day. Small changes will bring big differences finally. 1．What does the recent study show? A．All students have good habits. B．Habits influence students greatly. C．Bad habits are easy to change. D．Good habits are hard to keep. 2．Students with good study habits ________. A．often put off homework B．waste lots of time C．finish tasks on time D．feel lazy all the time 3．How many advantages of good habits are mentioned in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 4．The underlined word “positive” means ________ in Chinese. A．消极的 B．积极的 C．懒惰的 D．懦弱的 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Importance of Good Habits B．How to Improve Study Grades C．How to Keep Healthy D．Teenagers’ Daily Life 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是说明文，文章介绍好习惯对青少年的巨大影响：好习惯有助于取得好成绩、有益身体健康、塑造良好品格，并且习惯需要日积月累，从小事坚持。 【详解】1．原文第一段“A recent study shows that daily habits have a great influence on teenagers' study and health.”，研究表明习惯对学生影响很大。 2．原文第二段“Students with good habits usually get better grades. They plan their time well, finish tasks on time and review their lessons every day.”，有良好学习习惯的学生会按时完成任务。 3．原文第二段“Students with good habits usually get better grades.”；原文第三段“Besides study, habits influence physical health.”；原文第四段“What’s more, good habits help build good personalities.”，文中提到好习惯的三个优势：利于学习、有益身体健康、塑造良好品格。 4．原文第四段“People with good habits are usually more patient, responsible and positive.”，positive和patient、responsible并列，为褒义词，意思是积极的。 5．全文都在讲述好习惯带来的各种好处，论述好习惯的重要性，最佳标题为The Importance of Good Habits。 Passage 2 （25-26八年级上·全国·期中）Do you know many successful people have similar (相似的) habits? These habits help them make the best use of their days. One of the habits is to get ready for the next day the night before. Here are some things they do. Learn to relax. Successful people say it is important to relax. Some enjoy listening to music, but others like taking a shower before going to bed. Studies show that a 15-minute shower at around 40-43℃ helps us sleep better. Sleeping well means a good day the next day. Put the phone down. Successful people always control (控制) their phone use. The blue light from a phone is bad for sleep. They put away their phones an hour before bedtime. They don’t sleep with their phones nearby. And they usually use an alarm clock (闹钟) to wake them up. Think about today. Before sleeping, it is helpful to think about the day. Successful people think about the good things on that day. This helps them learn and prepare for a good day the next day. Make a plan. Many successful people make plans for their activities the next day. It helps them have a relaxing and happy new day. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By asking a question. B．By telling a story. C．By showing a saying. D．By giving an example. 2．How do the successful people relax themselves? ①They listen to music.                    ②They take a shower. ③They watch videos on their phone.        ④They sleep at an early time. A．①② B．①③ C．②③    D．②④ 3．Tom, a successful person, goes to bed at 10:00 every night. When will he put away his phone? A．At 8:00. B．At 8:30. C．At 9:00. D．At 10:00. 4．What’s the structure of the text? (P-paragraph) A． B．C． D． 5．What’s the text mainly about? A．What to do to become a successful man. B．How the successful people have a good sleep. C．Why good habits are important in our life. D．How the successful people get ready for the next day. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了成功人士有相似的习惯，重点讲述他们在前一晚为第二天做准备的几件事：学会放松、放下手机、回顾今日、制定计划。 【详解】1．文章第1段“Do you know many successful people have similar habits?”表明作者以提出问题的方式开启文章。 2．文章第2段“Some enjoy listening to music, but others like taking a shower before going to bed.”表明成功人士的放松方式包括听音乐和睡前洗澡，对应①②。 3．文章第3段“They put away their phones an hour before bedtime.”表明Tom每晚10点睡觉，因此要在9点收好手机。 4．文章第1段总起引出话题，第2至5段分别介绍四种具体做法，全文为“总-分”结构，对应选项B的结构图示。 5．文章围绕成功人士睡前为次日做准备的习惯展开，核心介绍了成功人士如何为第二天做准备。D选项能概括文章主要内容。 Passage 3 （26-27八年级上·全国·单元测试）In our life, everyone has the potential to be better. To achieve self-improvement, we first need to set clear goals. Goals give us direction and motivation. For example, if your goal is to improve your English, you can set a target of memorizing a certain number of new words each day. Second, time management is crucial. We should learn to prioritize our tasks and make the most of our time. Don’t waste time on unimportant things. Also, facing difficulties bravely is an important part of self-improvement. When we meet challenges, we should try different ways to solve them instead of giving up easily. Team-work can also help us a lot. By working with others, we can learn from their strengths and gain more experience. Finally, we should keep a positive attitude. Believe in ourselves and our ability to change. With a positive mindset, we are more likely to achieve our goals and become better. 1．What is the first step to achieve self-improvement according to the passage? A．Setting clear goals. B．Managing time well. C．Facing difficulties bravely. D．Keeping a positive attitude. 2．Why is time management important? A．Because it helps us set goals. B．Because it helps us prioritize tasks and use time effectively. C．Because it helps us make friends. D．Because it helps us keep healthy. 3．What should we do when we meet challenges? A．Give up immediately. B．Try different ways to solve them. C．Wait for others to help. D．Avoid them. 4．How can team-work help us in self-improvement? A．By making us more popular. B．By making us more confident. C．By allowing us to learn from others’ strengths. D．By helping us finish tasks faster. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．The Importance of Goals B．How to Manage Time C．Facing Challenges Bravely D．Ways to Be Better 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了实现自我提升的几种方法。 【详解】1．根据第一段“To achieve self-improvement, we first need to set clear goals.”可知，实现自我提升的第一步是设定明确的目标。 2．根据第二段“We should learn to prioritize our tasks and make the most of our time.”可知，时间管理之所以重要，是因为它帮助我们确定任务的优先级并有效利用时间。 3．根据第三段“When we meet challenges, we should try different ways to solve them instead of giving up easily.”可知，当我们遇到挑战时，应该尝试不同的方法去解决它们。 4．根据第三段“By working with others, we can learn from their strengths and gain more experience.”可知，团队合作通过让我们学习他人的长处来帮助自我提升。 5．通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了自我提升（变得更好）的多种途径，包括设定目标、时间管理、面对困难、团队合作和保持积极态度等。 Passage 4 （26-27八年级上·黑龙江绥化·开学考试）Do you get angry when your friends sing loudly, or when your best friend does not wait for you after school? If you do, you need to control your feelings and stop getting angry so easily. Getting angry easily can make you lose friends. Gary Egeberg, an American high school teacher, wrote My Feelings Are Just Like Wild Animals to help you control your feelings. It tells teenagers how to stay cool when bad things happen to them. The book says that getting angry only makes problems worse. It can not make them better. “Getting angry is not a natural way to act,” the book says. It is just a bad habit, like smoking. The book says you can control your anger easily, and all you have to do is to tell yourself not to be angry. When a baby falls over, it cries only when people are watching it. Like a baby, you can only get angry if you are sure it is the right thing to do. The book gives many suggestions to help you if you get angry easily. Here are the top three. ◇Keep a record. Every time you get angry, write down why you are angry. Look at it later and you will see you get angry too easily. ◇Ask your friends to stop talking to you when you get angry. This will teach you not to be angry. ◇ Do something different. When you get angry, walk away from the problem and go somewhere else. Try to laugh! 根据短文内容选择最佳答案。 1．The underlined word “suggestions” in the passage means “________” in Chinese. A．益处 B．建议 C．计划 2．From the passage, we know that My Feelings Are Just Like Wild Animals mainly tells us ________. A．something about what to read B．some good ways on how to read C．some advice on how to stay cool 3．According to the book My Feelings Are Just Like Wild Animals, we should ________ when we get angry. A．write down why we are angry B．ask our friends to go on talking to us C．keep dealing with the problem 4．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．If we get angry easily, we may lose our friends. B．Gary Egeberg is the writer of the book My Feelings Are Just Like Wild Animals. C．We will get ill very easily if we often get angry. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Don’t Get Angry Easily B．Work Hard at School C．Do More Exercise 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了一本名为《我的情感就像野生动物》的书，核心内容是帮助青少年控制愤怒情绪，文中探讨了易怒的危害及书中提供的三条具体建议。 【详解】1．根据第五段划线词前后文“The book gives many suggestions to help you if you get angry easily. Here are the top three.”及下文列出的三条调节易怒情绪的具体方法，可推知该词的含义是“建议”。 2．根据原文第三段中“It tells teenagers how to stay cool when bad things happen to them.”可知，这本书主要给青少年介绍在糟心事发生时保持冷静的相关建议，并非介绍阅读内容或阅读方法。 3．根据第一条建议“Keep a record. Every time you get angry, write down why you are angry.”可知生气时要写下自己生气的原因；B选项和第二条建议内容相悖，C选项和第三条建议中离开问题场景的表述不符。 4．根据文章第二段中“Getting angry easily can make you lose friends.”及第三段中“The book says that getting angry only makes problems worse.”可知文中提及了易怒的后果，但并未提及经常生气会容易生病，该表述不符合文意。 5．通读全文可知，文章围绕控制愤怒情绪展开，介绍了易怒的危害及如何控制愤怒的方法，核心主题是不要容易生气。 Passage 5 （26-27八年级上·全国·单元测试） Street dance started in the United States in the late 1970s and includes many styles, such as breaking, hip-hop, locking, and popping. In China, street dance has grown popular for different reasons, including internet attention, famous celebrity partnerships, and televised competitions, leading to it finding plenty of fans. The attraction of street dance has also been helped by popular shows, such as Street Dance of China, streamed on the video site Youku. As street dance became more popular in China, many people, like Wu Qiping, began to explore this exciting form of expression. Almost every day, when the clock reached five, she would rush to the dance studio. “After feeling very tired from work, we were looking for a way to recharge. Though none of us had danced before, we decided to give it a try,” said Wu. Her first introduction to dance was by chance. In 2022, Wu and her friends paid 20 yuan ($2.80) for a dance class. “During the first class, we stood at the back of the classroom and slowly followed the teacher,” recalled Wu, adding that she wore her office outfit to the dance studio, which made her stand out from the other students. Though her two other friends dropped out of the class, Wu found the experience unlike any other. Although there were difficulties, the supportive environment and encouragement from her teacher and peers pushed her to get through her early discomfort. As she reflected on her experiences, street dance has become an important part of her identity—a source of joy, connection, and strength in an always-demanding world. 1．How many reasons for the popularity of street dance are mentioned in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 2．Which of the following words can be best used to describe Wu’s first class experience? A．Relaxing. B．Uneasy. C．Boring. D．Exciting. 3．Why did Wu want to study street dance? A．She was influenced by a popular TV show. B．She wanted to lose weight. C．She needed a way to relax after work. D．Her friends encouraged her to join. 4．How did Wu get over the difficulties she met in class? A．She watched videos online to practice. B．She practiced alone at home. C．She received encouragement from her teacher and peers. D．She quit the class and took private lessons. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了街舞在中国日益流行，吴启萍因偶然机会接触街舞，克服困难后找到快乐、联结与力量。 【详解】1．文中第二段提到“In China, street dance has grown popular for different reasons, including internet attention, famous celebrity partnerships, and televised competitions, leading to it finding plenty of fans.”，街舞在中国受欢迎的原因有互联网关注、名人合作、电视比赛，共三个。 2．文中第六段提到“During the first class, we stood at the back of the classroom and slowly followed the teacher”以及“which made her stand out from the other students”，吴启萍第一节课的体验是不自在的，uneasy“不自在的”。 3．文中第五段提到“After feeling very tired from work, we were looking for a way to recharge.”，吴启萍学习街舞是因为工作后需要放松。 4．文中第七段提到“the supportive environment and encouragement from her teacher and peers pushed her to get through her early discomfort”，吴启萍是在老师和同伴的鼓励下克服困难的。 考点2 亲情温暖类（共5篇） Passage 1 （25-26八年级上·海南儋州·期中）If you have a brother or sister, you already know you are different. You live in the same house with the same parents, but you have different personalities. Why? The reasons are as follows. Firstborn (第一胎生的) children get more love from their parents. Parents usually give firstborn children more responsibility (责任) and ask them to look after younger brothers or sisters. So, firstborn children are often responsible, hard-­working and jealous (妒忌的). They often want to do well at school and work. When a second child arrives, parents are more relaxed. The second child has to compete (竞争) with the firstborn for parents and love. These children often have different sports and interests to do well in at school and work, but they must have a new way to get their family’s care. They are often friendly and cool. Do you think so? 1．Why are firstborn children often responsible? A．Because they get more love from their parents. B．Because they have to compete with the second­born children. C．Because their parents usually give them more responsibility. 2．What does the underlined word “They” in the second paragraph refer to (指代)? A．Parents. B．Firstborn children. C．Younger brothers or sisters. 3．The second­born children are often ________. A．hard­-working and jealous B．hard­-working and friendly C．friendly and cool 4．The passage mainly tells us ________. A．brothers and sisters are always different B．children from the same family don’t look the same C．why children from the same family aren’t the same in personalities 5．What’s the structure (结构) of the passage? (P＝Paragraph) A． B． C． 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，核心探讨同一家庭的孩子性格存在差异的原因，分别介绍了长子（女）和二胎孩子的性格特点及形成原因，最后以反问收尾。 【详解】1．第二段明确指出：“Parents usually give firstborn children more responsibility and ask them to look after younger brothers or sisters. So, firstborn children are often responsible, hard-­working and jealous”，父母通常给第一胎的孩子更多责任、要求他们照顾弟弟妹妹，因此长子（女）往往有责任心。 2．第二段指出：“So, firstborn children are often responsible, hard-­working and jealous. They often want to do well at school and work”，说明划线词“They”指代前文中提到的firstborn children，即第一胎生的孩子。 3．第三段明确指出：“They are often friendly and cool”，说明第二胎的孩子通常友好又酷。 4．第一段明确指出：“You live in the same house with the same parents, but you have different personalities. Why? The reasons are as follows”，说明全文围绕“同一家庭的孩子性格不同的原因”展开说明。 5．第一段 (P1) 以“同家庭孩子性格不同的原因是什么”的问题总起全文；第二段 (P2) 介绍第一胎孩子的性格与成因，第三段 (P3) 介绍第二胎孩子的性格与成因，二者为分述内容；第四段 (P4) 以“Do you think so?”以问号收尾，引发思考。因此文章为“总-分-总”结构，对应选项A的图示。 Passage 2 （26-27八年级上·山东日照·阶段检测）Family always brings us happiness. In a family, people care for each other. There are parents, children, and sometimes grandparents. Parents help their children grow. They teach them how to talk, walk and be kind. They also play with them and make them happy. Brothers and sisters are also part of the family. They play together and share things. Sometimes they argue, but they always love each other and stop each other from feeling lonely. They also help each other. Grandparents are very special. They have a lot of life experience. They always tell their grandchildren not to waste food, because they didn’t have enough food to eat when they were young. In a family, people do many things together. They have birthdays, holidays and special dinners together. They laugh, talk and have fun. Even when things are hard, family members support each other.    There’s nothing like family. Family gives us happiness and a sense of belonging. It means love, care and being together. It’s the best part of life. 1．According to the text, what can parents teach us to do? a. How to walk. b. How to talk. c. How to tell stories. d. How to be kind. A．a, b, d B．b, c, d C．a, c, d D．a, b, c 2．There are grandparents, parents, a sister and Jim in Jim’s family. Who is very special according to the text? A．Jim’s parents. B．Jim’s sister. C．Jim. D．Jim’s grandparents. 3．Which one best describes the life of grandparents when they were young according to the text? A．Modern. B．Freezing. C．Poor. D．Rich. 4．What does family mean according to the text? A．Love, happiness and being together. B．Love, care and being together. C．Care, happiness and being together. D．Happiness, money and care. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了家庭成员的角色及其相互关爱，强调了家庭带给我们的幸福感和归属感。 【详解】1．第二段指出“They teach them how to talk, walk and be kind.”可推知父母教我们说话、走路和友善，对应选项中的a, b, d。 2．第四段指出“Grandparents are very special.”可推知在家庭成员中祖父母是非常特别的，对应Jim’s grandparents。 3．第四段指出“because they didn’t have enough food to eat when they were young”可推知祖父母年轻时没有足够的食物，说明生活状况是贫穷的（poor）。 4．最后一段指出“It means love, care and being together.”可推知家庭意味着爱、关心和在一起。 Passage 3 （26-27八年级上·四川遂宁·阶段检测）Parents love us most in the world. As children, we should do something to show our love for them. Here are a few of my ways. Make a card. You may think making a card is a little thing, and most of you may never try it. My parents keep all the cards from me. They say the cards are treasures to them. So why not make a card for your parents? ________ My dad and mum are busy every day. They need to work and do housework. All these things make them tired, so I always keep my room clean and tidy. How about you? Do you often clean your room? Make a meal. Parents are tired after a day’s work. Making dinner for them can give them a break. I am too young to do it by myself, so I ask my sister to help me cook. Say sorry and thanks. If I do something wrong, I will say sorry to them. If I do that, they will know how I feel. After they do a thing for me, I always say thanks. I can also do something else for them to show I am sorry or I’m thankful, like writing a letter and drawing pictures. I think you can give it a try, too. 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Giving a card. B．Getting a card. C．Keeping a card. D．Making a card. 2．Which can you put in “________”? A．Keep busy. B．Clean up the room. C．Work hard. D．Sweep the bathroom. 3．Who is the passage for? A．Parents. B．Teachers. C．Students. D．Friends. 4．Which is the best structure of the passage? A．①/②③④⑤ B．①②/③④⑤ C．①/②/③④⑤ D．①②③/④⑤ 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Best gifts for parents B．Interesting things to do with children C．Ways to show our love D．Places to have fun with family members 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了父母是世界上最爱我们的人，作为孩子可以通过制作贺卡、整理房间、为父母做饭、主动道歉和表达感谢这几种方式，向父母传递自己的爱意。 【详解】1．根据第二段“You may think making a card is a little thing, and most of you may never try it”，此处it指代前文出现的“making a card”。 2．根据第三段“All these things make them tired, so I always keep my room clean and tidy.”可知，要帮忙碌的父母分担家务，保持自己房间干净整洁。核心做法是“打扫房间”。 3．根据第一段“As children, we should do something to show our love for them.”，全文都是面向孩子介绍向父母表达爱的方法，目标读者是学生。 4．文章第一段总起引出“向父母表达爱的几种方式”的主题，第二到第五段分别具体介绍四种不同的表达爱的方法，整体结构是“总—分”，对应结构划分①/②③④⑤。 5．全文核心内容都是围绕孩子向父母表达爱的具体方法展开，标题“Ways to show our love”完全贴合文章主旨。其余选项的内容均偏离核心主题。 Passage 4 （26-27八年级上·河南驻马店·阶段检测）Parents love us best in the world. As children, we should do something to show our love for them. Here are a few of my ways. Make a card. You may think making a card is a little thing, and most of you may never try it. My parents keep all the cards from me. They say the cards are treasures to them. So why not make a card for your parents? ▲ My dad and mum are busy every day. They need to work and do housework. All these things make them tired, so I always keep my room clean and tidy. How about you? Do you often clean up your room? Make a meal. Parents are tired after a day’s work. Making dinner for them can give them a break. I am too young to do it by myself, so I ask my sister to help me cook. Say sorry and thanks. If I do something wrong, I will say sorry to them. If I do that, they will know how I feel. After they do a thing for me, I always say thanks. I can also do something else for them to show I am sorry or I’m thankful, like writing a letter and drawing pictures. I think you can have a try too. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Giving a card. B．Getting a card. C．Keeping a card. D．Making a card. 2．Which can you put in “ ▲ ”? A．Keep busy. B．Clean up the room. C．Work hard. D．Sweep the bathroom. 3．Who is the passage for? A．Parents. B．Teachers. C．Children. D．Friends. 4．Which is the best structure of the passage? A．1/2345 B．1234/5 C．1/234/5 D．1/23/45 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Best Gifts for Parents B．Interesting Things to Do with Children C．Ways to Show Our Love D．Places to Have Fun with Family Members 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了父母是世界上最爱我们的人，作为孩子可以通过制作贺卡、整理房间、为父母做饭、主动道歉和表达感谢这几种方式，向父母传递自己的爱意。 【详解】1．第二段前半句直接提到“You may think making a card, is a little thing, and most of you may never try it”，此处it指代前文刚出现的“making a card”，对应选项D。 2．空后的整段内容都在讲述作者主动保持自己房间干净整洁，帮忙碌的父母分担家务，核心主题是整理打扫房间，和其他选项的内容不匹配，对应选项B。 3．文章开篇就明确“As children, we should do something to show our love for them”，全文都是面向孩子介绍向父母表达爱的方法，目标读者是儿童，对应选项C。 4．文章第1段总起引出“向父母表达爱的几种方式”的主题，第2到第5段分别具体介绍4种不同的表达爱的方法，整体结构是“总-分”，对应结构划分1/2345，选项A正确。 5．全文核心内容都是围绕孩子向父母表达爱的具体方法展开，标题“Ways to show our love”完全贴合文章主旨，其余选项的内容均偏离核心主题，对应选项C。  Passage 5 （26-27八年级上·全国·单元测试）A study shows that teenagers often have trouble communicating with their parents. Here are two students’ stories: Li Hua, 14, says: “My parents are always busy. When I try to talk about my school life, they just say ‘Study hard’ and change the topic. I feel like they don’t care about me. Now I prefer to talk to my friends instead.” Wang Ying, 15, shares: “I argue with my mom a lot. She wants me to take piano lessons, but I like dancing. When I tell her, she says ‘Piano is better for your future.’ I wish she would listen to my opinion.” Experts suggest that parents should spend more time listening, and teenagers should try to explain their feelings calmly. For example, instead of saying “You never listen,” try “I feel happy when we talk about my hobbies.” 1．What trouble do the two students have? A．They don’t like studying. B．They have no friends. C．They find it hard to communicate with parents. D．They are too busy. 2．Why does Li Hua prefer to talk to friends? A．His parents are too busy and don’t care about his school life. B．His friends are smarter than his parents. C．His parents don’t allow him to talk. D．He doesn’t like his parents. 3．What does Wang Ying’s mom want her to do? A．Dance. B．Take piano lessons. C．Play sports. D．Draw. 4．What do experts suggest teenagers do? A．Argue with parents. B．Keep quiet. C．Explain feelings calmly. D．Talk to friends only. 5．What’s a better way for teenagers to express their feelings? A．“You never listen to me” B．“I feel happy when we talk about my hobbies” C．“You don’t care about me” D．“I hate this family” 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要探讨了青少年与父母沟通困难的问题，通过两名学生的具体故事展示了沟通障碍的表现，并引用专家建议提出了改善沟通的方法。 【详解】1．文章第一段中“A study shows that teenagers often have trouble communicating with their parents.”说明，两名学生遇到的共同困难是与父母沟通有问题。 2．文章第二段中“My parents are always busy. When I try to talk about my school life, they just say ‘Study hard’ and change the topic. I feel like they don’t care about me.”说明，李华更喜欢和朋友交谈是因为父母太忙且似乎不关心他的学校生活。 3．文章第三段中“She wants me to take piano lessons, but I like dancing.”说明，王英的妈妈希望她去上钢琴课。 4．文章第四段中“teenagers should try to explain their feelings calmly”说明，专家建议青少年应该尝试冷静地解释他们的感受。 5．文章第四段中“teenagers should try to explain their feelings calmly. For example, instead of saying ‘You never listen,’ try ‘I feel happy when we talk about my hobbies.’”说明，青少年应该尽量冷静地表达自己的感受。例如，不要说“你从来都不听”，试着说 “当我们聊到我的爱好时，我感到很开心。”。因此，相比前者，后者更好。 考点3 校园师生、友情类（共5篇） Passage 1 （26-27八年级上·全国·单元测试）From early childhood, we are looking for our most trustworthy friends. Friends have a great influence (影响) on us. You can’t change the people around you, but you can choose your friends wisely. Are your friends helping you develop in any way? Good friends can help you become a better person. In short, do you see meaningful growth by getting along with them? Good friends whom you can trust will create a safe environment for you to share your deepest truths. Maybe they will let your secret be a secret. They will keep their words. Their actions will match their words. And if you goofed up, they would even help you out of tricky situations (处境) with their well-meaning advice. Good friends who value you will create space in their life for you. In today’s fast-paced age, we are often noticing how we spend our time, and if you find your friends making time and space for you, it is a signal they value your friendship. Yes, your friends have a role to play when you’re going through a hard time, like a heartbreak or losing a job. They will help you with good advice that can help you piece your life together. They have your best interest at heart and support you with their objective guidance (客观指导). In a word, a good friend is also a guide to you. With these tips, you can create a pool of good friendships for life. Remember what you choose for yourself today has an important influence on your tomorrow. 1．The underlined phrase “goofed up” probably means “________”. A．made a silly mistake B．had a good time C．had some very strange ideas D．had a healthy lifestyle 2．Which question can best express the main idea of Paragraph 5? A．Do you see a value in their company? B．Can you see yourself being able to trust them? C．Do you see yourself being valued? D．Can you depend on your friend for well-meaning advice? 3．The passage is mainly about ________. A．the importance of good friends B．the tips for choosing friends wisely C．the advice on getting along with others D．the ways of making friends 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 【导语】本文介绍了如何明智地挑选好朋友，阐述了好朋友具备的特质以及一段良好友谊带来的积极影响。 【详解】1．根据第四段“And if you goofed up, they would even help you out of tricky situations with their well-meaning advice.”可知，如果犯了错误，好朋友会好心给出建议帮你走出困境，因此goofed up含义为“犯愚蠢的错误”。 2．根据第五段“Good friends who value you will create space in their life for you...it is a signal they value your friendship.”可知，本段核心讲述好朋友会重视你，愿意为你留出时间，对应C选项“你能否感受到自己被重视”。 3．根据第一段“You can’t change the people around you, but you can choose your friends wisely.”以及最后一段“With these tips, you can create a pool of good friendships for life.”可知，文章介绍挑选好朋友的几条判断标准，教会我们明智择友，对应B选项“明智挑选朋友的建议”。 Passage 2 （26-27八年级上·全国·课后作业）Everyone needs friends. Friends bring us happiness and hope in our lives. But the ability to make friends changes from person to person. To some people, making friends is easy, but to others it’s very difficult. Making friends is a skill, and the first thing is to know how to get on with others. If you have trouble in making friends, maybe I can tell you how to do it. ★Know your own good points. You have skills and talents that others will like. ★Believe that you are a good person and have something nice to share with others. ★Be humorous. Learn to laugh at yourself and your weaknesses. Remember to smile at others. ★Respect (尊重) others. Everyone has his own idea. Learn how to listen to others’ ideas without trying to make them accept (接受) yours. ★Be kind. If you are kind to others, they will usually be kind to you. There are hundreds of little things you can do to show kindness: Open the door for someone, wave to a friend and so on. ★Don’t complain (抱怨). Learn to accept what you can’t change, and work hard to change what you can. No one is willing to hear you complaining all the time. ★Never give up (放弃). Even if you are faced with closed-minded people, never give up. And try to find someone who will understand you. 1．Why do we need friends according to the passage? A．Friends can do everything for us. B．Friends can bring us happiness. C．Friends accept our ideas all the time. D．Without friends, we could not live. 2．To make friends, what’s the first thing we should learn? A．How to help others. B．How to smile at others. C．How to get on with others. D．How to listen to others' complaints. 3．Which of the following shows we are humorous? A．Opening the door for someone. B．Complaining to others all the time. C．Laughing at ourselves and our weaknesses. D．Finding someone who will understand us. 4．What should we do when we have trouble in making friends? A．Respect others. B．Complain. C．Give up. D．Laugh at them. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．When to make friends. B．Where to make friends. C．How to make friends. D．Who to make friends with. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文主要探讨了交朋友的重要性以及交友的技巧。文章指出朋友能带来快乐和希望，但交友能力因人而异。作者列举了七条建议来帮助那些在交友方面遇到困难的人，包括了解自身优点、保持幽默、尊重他人、友善待人、不抱怨以及永不放弃等。 【详解】1．第一段明确指出：“Friends bring us happiness and hope in our lives.”，说明我们需要朋友是因为朋友能给我们带来快乐。 2．第二段提到：“Making friends is a skill, and the first thing is to know how to get on with others.”，说明为了交朋友，我们首先要学习的是如何与他人相处。 3．第三条建议中提到：“Be humorous. Learn to laugh at yourself and your weaknesses.”，说明嘲笑自己的缺点和弱点体现了幽默感。 4．当我们在交友方面遇到困难时，文章中提到的建议包括尊重他人（Respect others）、不抱怨（Don’t complain）、不放弃（Never give up）等。选项中只有A项“Respect others”是正面的建议。 5．文章第二段引出话题：“If you have trouble in making friends, maybe I can tell you how to do it.”，随后列出了多条具体的建议。因此，文章的主旨是关于如何交朋友。 Passage 3 （26-27八年级上·全国·单元测试）A study shows that friends can be both similar and different—and that’s a good thing! The study says friends often have similar hobbies. For example, if you like playing the piano, your friends may also like music. This makes it easy to do activities together. But friends with different strengths are also important. If you’re good at math but not at English, a friend who is good at English can help you. And you can help them with math. This way, both of you can improve. The study also finds that friends with different personalities (性格) learn more from each other. Quiet people can learn to be more outgoing from their active friends. Active people can learn to be more careful from their quiet friends. So, it’s great to have friends who are both similar and different. They make life more interesting! 1．Why do friends with similar hobbies get along easily? A．They can help each other study. B．They can do activities together. C．They have different strengths. D．They have different personalities. 2．What can friends with different strengths do? A．They can learn from each other. B．They can have the same hobbies. C．They can have similar personalities. D．They can’t do activities together. 3．What do active people learn from quiet friends? A．To be more outgoing. B．To be more careful. C．To be more active. D．To be more funny. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Friends must have the same hobbies. B．Friends with different personalities are not good. C．It’s good to have friends who are both similar and different. D．Friends with similar strengths can improve together. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究结果，说明朋友之间既相似又不同是一件好事，以及这些异同如何让生活变得更有趣。 【详解】1．第二段指出“This makes it easy to do activities together.”，这说明有相似爱好的朋友容易一起参加活动。 2．第三段指出“If you’re good at math but not at English, a friend who is good at English can help you. And you can help them with math. This way, both of you can improve.”，这说明优势不同的朋友可以互相帮助并共同提高。 3．第四段指出“Active people can learn to be more careful from their quiet friends.”，这说明活跃的人可以向安静的朋友学习变得更加细心。 4．第一段指出“A study shows that friends can be both similar and different—and that’s a good thing!”以及最后一段指出“So, it’s great to have friends who are both similar and different.”，这说明文章的主旨是拥有既相似又不同的朋友是很好的。 Passage 4 （26-27八年级上·全国·单元测试）阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Do you have true friends? Do you want to know better between you and your friends? There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends”. The first kind of friends is almost an acquaintance (熟人). All you usually know about them is their names. You may meet this kind of friends at school, at work, or on the bus, but you don’t miss them when they’re not around. When this kind of friends does something bad, you don’t tell them. That is why they are called “pest friends”. The second kind of friends could also be called “social partners”. They are closer than acquaintances, but not as close as true friends. You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike, and a little of their family histories. You may have the same interest and often do something together in your free time, but you don’t talk about anything deep, such as your wishes or dreams, and they don’t open up to you how they really feel. The last kind of friends, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest. You’re like family members, and know everything about each other. You have no problem staying at each other’s houses, and you share your deepest feelings and thoughts. They will help you when you’re wrong. Sometimes they may not be perfect (完美的), but at least they will always care about you, and never do anything on purpose (故意地) to hurt you. We all have our pest, guest, and best friends. We should value (重视) all friendships and remember, all best friends start out as just acquaintances. 1．How many kinds of friends are there in the writer’s opinion? A．One B．Two C．Three D．Four 2．If you and John are neighbors and classmates, and do things together, but don’t share your feelings, you are “________”. A．pest friends B．guest friends C．best friends D．true friends 3．The fourth paragraph mainly tells us ________. A．how to make a best friend B．how to learn from your best friends C．what a best friend is D．a best friend can help you when you are wrong 4．Which of the following is true? A．When pest friends do something bad, you tell them at once. B．The social partners are as close as true friends. C．You share your deepest feelings and thoughts with the social partners. D．The “best friend” is the one you know the deepest. 5．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? ①= Paragraph 1 ②= Para 2 ③=Para 3 ④=Para 4 ⑤=Para 5 A．①/②③④⑤ B．①/②③④/⑤ C．①/②/③④⑤ D．①/②③/④/⑤ 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了三种不同类型的朋友：“泛泛之交”、“普通朋友”和“最好的朋友”，分别阐述了每类朋友的特点，并呼吁大家珍惜所有的友谊。 【详解】1．第一段明确提出：“There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends””，直接说明作者认为朋友分为三种。 2．第三段指出“guest friends”的特点：“You may have the same interest and often do something together in your free time, but you don’t talk about anything deep, such as your wishes or dreams, and they don’t open up to you how they really feel”，符合题目中“一起做事但不分享感受”的描述。 3．第四段开篇定义：“The last kind of friends, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest”，整段内容都在介绍什么是最好的朋友。 4．第四段直接说明：“The last kind of friends, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest”，其余三个选项的内容均与原文表述相悖。 5．文章第一段总起引出三类朋友，第二至四段分别具体介绍每类朋友的特征，最后一段总结升华，对应结构为①/②③④/⑤。 Passage 5 （25-26八年级上·湖南衡阳·期中）The Three Kinds of FriendsOf Utility Based on (基于) getting something useful from each other. ·Workmates    ·Deskmates    ·Club members Of Pleasure Based on enjoying time together. These friendships aren’t very deep. ·Drinking friends     ·Hobby friends     ·Sports friends Of Good Based on true care and trust. ·Real friends   ·Closest friends ·Friends who always help each other 1．What does the underlined word “Utility”mean in Chinese? A．体贴 B．有用 C．终生 2．What can you learn about friends of pleasure? A．They are the best kind. B．They just say hello sometimes. C．They like doing fun things together. 3．In which part of a magazine can you probably read this material? A．Nature. B．Culture. C．Relationship (关系). 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了三种不同类型的朋友（实用型、娱乐型、良友型），阐述了每种友谊的基础及典型代表，旨在帮助读者理解人际关系的多样性。 【详解】1．根据文章“Of Utility”部分“Based on getting something useful from each other.”可知，这种友谊基于彼此获得有用的东西，“Utility”意为“有用”的。 2．根据文章“Of Pleasure”部分“Based on enjoying time together.”可知，这类朋友的基础是一起享受时光，他们喜欢一起做有趣的事情。 3．根据文章标题“The Three Kinds of Friends”及全文探讨朋友分类的内容可知，文章主题涉及人际交往，该材料最可能出现在杂志“关系”板块。 考点4 社会温情、人性美类（共5篇） Passage 1 （26-27八年级上·山东枣庄·阶段检测）Is the summer vacation long enough to turn unused time for the better? Every person has his own talents and interests. Find something you care about, and you will see the difference. Organize (组织) a clean-up programme. People often litter there. This leaves the community a messy area. The environment will become better if someone volunteers to help. Show your love to the old. Our city has some old people’s homes. Without children around them, old people there might feel lonely at times. Maybe they need your help. In fact, you can do a lot for them. For example, you can talk with them or play games with them. Listening to them carefully is also a good idea. Some old people can’t see clearly and they would like to have someone read to them. No matter what small things you do, you can make them feel loved. Set up a reading group with your friends. Share your favourite books with them. Besides, you may read aloud to each other and talk about what you read. Either a book or an article can spark a lively discussion and your further thinking. The process often challenges good ways to take action. At last, the project is also a good way to welcome newcomers. At the same time, you may find new friends with similar hobbies. A two-month summer vacation isn’t that long, but it’s enough to make a difference. 1．Why do you need to read to some old people? A．Because old people’s homes are far away from their homes. B．Because they can’t see clearly. C．Because you are good at reading. D．Because they are far away from their homes. 2．What does the underlined word “spark” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Finish. B．Increase. C．Start. D．Separate. 3．Which is the right structure (结构) of the text? A． B．C． D． 4．What is the best title for the text? A．People with Different Interests B．How to Make a Difference in Summer Vacation C．Reasons for Jobs During Summer Vacation D．Volunteer a Different Summer Vacation 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“如何利用暑假的闲置时间做有意义的事”这一主题展开，并分别提出了组织社区清洁、关爱敬老院老人以及和朋友组建读书小组三个具体建议，旨在鼓励大家过一个充实而有意义的假期。 【详解】1．根据第三段中的句子“Some old people can't see clearly and they would like to have someone read to them.”可知，是因为有些老人视力不好，所以需要别人读给他们听。 2．根据第四段的句子“Either a book or an article can spark a lively discussion and your further thinking.”可知，书籍或文章能够“引发”热烈的讨论，此处spark意为“引发、激起”，与start意思相近。 3．根据文章的行文逻辑，第一段引出“利用暑假做有意义的事”这一主题，第二、三、四段分别给出了三个具体建议，第五段进行总结，得出全文为“总—分—总”结构。 4．根据文章首尾呼应的内容，特别是首句“Is the summer vacation long enough to turn unused time for the better?”以及末句“but it’s enough to make a difference”可知，文章主要讲述如何在暑假期间让时间过得更有价值、产生积极影响。 Passage 2 （26-27八年级上·全国·单元测试）Desert School in Kenya In some parts of the world, children face many difficulties in getting education. One example is the “desert school” in a small village in Kenya. This village is far from big cities, and there is very little water and few trees. Most families here make a living by raising sheep and goats. For a long time, children in the village had to walk 5 hours every day to go to the nearest school. Many of them were too tired to study well, and some even stopped going to school. A group of volunteers heard about this problem. They decided to build a small school in the village. To make the school suitable for the desert environment, they used special materials that keep the classrooms cool. They also built a small water tank to collect rainwater, so the school could have enough water for students to drink and water the small garden. In the garden, students grow vegetables like tomatoes and carrots. They learn how to take care of plants, which not only teaches them useful skills but also gives them fresh food. Now, the desert school has 80 students. Every morning, they walk to school in 15 minutes. They have classes in math, English, and science, and they also learn about protecting the desert environment. The students are very happy because they can study near their homes, and their parents are glad to see their children getting a good education. The desert school shows that even in hard places, people can find ways to give children the chance to learn. It tells us that education is important for every child, no matter where they live. 1．Why did some children in the Kenyan village stop going to school before? A．They disliked studying. B．They had to raise sheep. C．The nearest school was too far. D．There was no school. 2．What did volunteers use to keep the classroom cool? A．Air conditioners. B．Special materials. C．Trees. D．Fans. 3．What do students grow in the school garden? A．Flowers. B．Vegetables. C．Fruits. D．Grass. 4．How long do students walk to school now? A．15 minutes. B．5 hours. C．1 hour. D．30 minutes. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了肯尼亚沙漠村庄里的沙漠学校，讲述志愿者在村内建校、解决当地孩子上学难的问题的事迹。 【详解】1．文章第一段“children in the village had to walk 5 hours every day to go to the nearest school. Many of them were too tired to study well, and some even stopped going to school.”表明孩子每天要走5小时去最近的学校，距离太远，太累所以辍学。 2．文章第二段“they used special materials that keep the classrooms cool.”表明志愿者使用特殊材料让教室保持凉爽。 3．文章第二段“In the garden, students grow vegetables like tomatoes and carrots.”表明学生在花园种植蔬菜，例如西红柿和胡萝卜。 4．文章第三段“Every morning, they walk to school in 15 minutes.”表明现在学生步行上学花费15分钟。 Passage 3 （26-27八年级上·河南周口·阶段检测）In the city of Zhengzhou, there is a hotpot restaurant, Shengyousheng. It is doing something very special. It gives jobs to people who are hearing-impaired—that means they can’t hear well or at all. About half of the workers there have trouble in hearing, including 31-year-old Deng Wei, who works as the kitchen manager. He makes about 4,000 yuan each month and says he enjoys working in a quiet and friendly place. Shengyousheng is a self-service hotpot restaurant. Customers choose their own food and make their own sauces (调味汁), so there’s not much need to talk. This makes it easy for hearing-impaired workers to do their jobs. To help with communication, the restaurant uses big posters on the walls. These posters show simple hand signs, like how to say “wait for a while” by placing the right hand under your chin (下巴). There are also signs for “food”, “hello”, and “thank you”. Each table also has cards that customers can use to write to the workers if needed. Shengyousheng is not only helping people with hearing problems find jobs, but also showing everyone that kindness, patience, and respect are just as important as words. It’s a place where great food meets a great heart. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What is special about Shengyousheng restaurant? A．It sells delicious hotpot dishes. B．It is open only to customers with hearing problems. C．It helps hearing-impaired people get jobs. D．It teaches hearing-impaired people to cook hotpot. 2．What do we know about Deng Wei? A．He is 30 years old and works as a waiter. B．He makes about 4,000 yuan every month. C．He can’t hear anything at all. D．He dislikes the working environment of the restaurant. 3．Which of the following is the hand sign for “wait for a while”? A． B． C． D． 4．How does the restaurant mainly solve the communication problem? A．By asking the manager to help. B．By using hand signs and notecards. C．By telling workers loudly and clearly. D．By training all workers to type. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．To tell the story of Deng Wei. B．To introduce a restaurant. C．To deal with a job problem. D．To show kindness in business. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了郑州一家名为“盛有声”的自助火锅店的特殊运营模式，该店为听障人士提供就业岗位，通过适配的经营形式和配套沟通方案搭建无障碍的工作与消费场景，传递出商业经营中善意、耐心与尊重的价值。 【详解】1．第一段：“It is doing something very special. It gives jobs to people who are hearing-impaired—that means they can’t hear well or at all.”，原文明确说明该店的特别之处是为听障人士提供工作机会，对应正确选项，其余选项均不符合原文描述：美味火锅是普通火锅店的共性、店铺并非仅对听障顾客开放、文中也未提及该店教授听障人士制作火锅。 2．第二段：“including 31-year-old Deng Wei, who works as the kitchen manager. He makes about 4,000 yuan each month and says he enjoys working in a quiet and friendly place.”，原文直接说明邓伟月收入约4000元，其余选项均与原文信息相悖：邓伟31岁是厨房经理、文中未提及他完全失聪、他很喜欢店内的工作环境。 3．第三段：“like how to say ‘wait for a while’ by placing the right hand under your chin (下巴).”，原文说明“稍等”的手势是将右手放在下巴下方，对应第一张手势图，其余图片的手势均不符合该描述。 4．第三段：“To help with communication, the restaurant uses big posters on the walls. These posters show simple hand signs... Each table also has cards that customers can use to write to the workers if needed.”，原文明确说明店铺通过展示简易手势的海报、可供书写的桌卡解决沟通问题，对应正确选项，其余选项的方式原文均未提及。 5．全文围绕“盛有声”火锅店展开，依次介绍了它的特殊定位、员工情况、沟通解决方案和社会价值，核心内容是向读者介绍这家特别的餐厅。 Passage 4 （26-27八年级上·全国·单元测试）阅读短文，选择正确答案： Volunteering is becoming more and more popular around the world. It gives people a chance to help others and make a difference in their communities. There are many kinds of volunteer work. Some volunteers help at local food banks, giving food to people who don’t have enough to eat. Others work in old people’s homes, chatting with the elderly and helping them with daily things. There are also those who take part in environmental protection projects, such as planting trees, cleaning up rivers and beaches. Volunteering not only helps others but also benefits the volunteers themselves. When people volunteer, they can learn new skills, meet new friends, and gain a sense of satisfaction. It can also help them understand different people and cultures better. However, being a volunteer is not always easy. Sometimes volunteers may face difficulties or challenges. But most of them think the experience is worth it. They feel happy and proud when they see the positive changes they bring to others’ lives. 1．Why is volunteering becoming popular? A．Because it makes people rich. B．Because it gives people a chance to help others and influence their communities. C．Because it helps people get good jobs. D．Because it allows people to travel around the world. 2．What kind of volunteer work is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．Helping at local food banks. B．Working in children’s hospitals. C．Working in old people’s homes. D．Taking part in environmental protection projects. 3．What benefits can volunteers get from volunteering? ① Learn new skills. ② Meet new friends. ③ Gain money. ④ Understand different people and cultures better. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 4．What does the underlined word “benefits” mean in Chinese? A．损害 B．限制 C．使受益 D．使劳累 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．Volunteering is always easy and fun. B．Volunteers never face difficulties. C．Most volunteers think the volunteering experience is valuable. D．Volunteers only help others and get nothing in return. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了志愿服务日益流行的现象，列举了常见的志愿服务类型，阐述了志愿服务对志愿者自身的益处，并指出虽然存在挑战但大多数志愿者认为经历是值得的。 【详解】1．根据第一段“It gives people a chance to help others and make a difference in their communities.”可知，志愿服务受欢迎是因为它给人们机会去帮助他人并且对社区产生影响。 2．根据第二段“Some volunteers help at local food banks…Others work in old people’s homes…There are also those who take part in environmental protection projects”，文中提到了在当地食物银行帮忙、养老院工作、参与环保项目，没有提到在儿童医院工作。 3．根据第三段“When people volunteer, they can learn new skills, meet new friends, and gain a sense of satisfaction. It can also help them understand different people and cultures better.”，志愿者可以学到新技能、认识新朋友、更好理解不同的人与文化，文中没有提到可以获得金钱，故①②④正确。 4．根据第三段“Volunteering not only helps others but also benefits the volunteers themselves. When people volunteer, they can learn new skills, meet new friends, and gain a sense of satisfaction.”，志愿活动既帮助别人，也能让志愿者自己学到技能、交到朋友，由此推断“benefits”意为“使受益”。 5．根据第四段“But most of them think the experience is worth it.”可知，大多数志愿者认为志愿经历是有价值的。 Passage 5 （25-26八年级上·广东深圳·期中）Have you ever thought of what life is like for old people? Have you ever helped old people who live alone? Can they get help when they need it? Six students from Beijing 101 Middle School looked deeper at this question and wrote a proposal (提案) to the China Youth Model Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (全国青少年模拟政协活动). They advised building more old people’s service stations in the neighbourhood. They also gave suggestions about how governments, neighbourhoods and hospitals can work together to make this happen. An old people’s service station is different from a nursing home. It offers things like daytime care, cooking, cleaning and friendship to old people who live in their own homes. The students surveyed more than 1,100 people, and about 90 percent of them said they would prefer using the stations’ services to moving into a nursing home. However, there are not enough of these stations, and many are not run very well. The six students came up with a solution after reading more than 60 surveys, interviewing 108 people and visiting 25 different organizations. Their proposal beat out almost 100 others to win the Best Proposal award in 2021. “This experience helps me better understand the importance of caring for old people. Also I see the light and abilities in us,” said Xu Wanqing, one of the students. “Taking part in the China Youth Model CPPCC has been good for students,” agreed their teacher Li Jie. “They’ve developed a sense of caring for old people, as well as got more confidence about themselves since they’ve seen how much they can do for others.” 1．Who wrote the proposal? A．Six students. B．Beijing teachers. C．Government officers. D．Neighbourhood workers. 2．Which of the following is NOT offered by the service stations? A．Friendship. B．Daytime care. C．Medical treatment. D．Cooking service. 3．Why was their proposal special? A．Because it won an award. B．Because it solved all problems. C．Because it closed nursing homes. D．Because it got government funds. 4．How did the students change by writing a proposal? A．They became famous. B．They started a business. C．They worked as volunteers in hospitals. D．They became more confident. 5．What’s the passage mainly about? A．Students’efforts to help the elders. B．The importance of winning awards. C．Problems of old people living alone. D．Ways to build good service stations. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了六名北京101中学的学生通过调研撰写了一份关于建立老年人服务站的提案，该提案获得了最佳提案奖，体现了学生对关爱老人的重视及自身能力的成长。 【详解】1．根据第二段“Six students from Beijing 101 Middle School looked deeper at this question and wrote a proposal”可知，六名学生撰写了这份提案。 2．根据第三段“It offers things like daytime care, cooking, cleaning and friendship to old people…”可知，服务站提供日间照料、烹饪、清洁和友谊，未提及医疗治疗。 3．根据第四段“Their proposal beat out almost 100 others to win the Best Proposal award in 2021.”可知，这份提案脱颖而出赢得了奖项，这是其特别之处。 4．根据最后一段“as well as got more confidence about themselves since they’ve seen how much they can do for others.”可知，学生们通过活动变得更加自信。 5．通读全文，尤其根据第二段“Six students from Beijing 101 Middle School…wrote a proposal”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了学生们为帮助老年人所做出的努力。 考点5 家国乡土、文化传承类（共5篇） Passage 1 （25-26八年级下·江苏连云港·期末）The Hezhe people, an ethnic (民族的) group in Heilongjiang Province, make a living by fishing and hunting. Though they have their own language, they don’t have any written words. For a very long time, they passed down historical stories and national wisdom by word of mouth. And one of the most amazing sides of the Hezhe ethnic culture is Yimakan. Yimakan is a special singing and storytelling art of the Hezhe people. This art dates from as early as the Jin Dynasty. It covers many themes, including stories about heroes, fishing and hunting life, as well as local traditions. It is usually done by one person. Actors are all great storytellers. They can connect speaking with singing and take the viewers into a magical world almost without any musical instruments (乐器). In the golden age of Yimakan, almost everyone could sing a little. However, this art once nearly became extinct, with only five people able to sing full Yimakan. To protect this art, the government looked for Yimakan actors, and collected over 1,000 hours of materials. Local villagers also helped spread Yimakan storytelling to communities, schools and places of interest. Now, seven centers for the study and practice of Yimakan have been built in Heilongjiang, with the number of Yimakan actors at all levels growing to over 100. Online courses of about 150 hours have been offered to local communities. Many cultural activities about Yimakan are also held during festivals. Thanks to the efforts of all sides, Yimakan has stepped onto the world stage. However, there’s still a lot to do. Let’s protect these cultural treasures together and let the world hear more beautiful voices from China. 1．What can we know about Yimakan from paragraph 2? A．It is usually done in groups. B．It is a special written art form. C．It showed up in the Jin Dynasty. D．It always uses musical instruments. 2．What does the underlined phrase “became extinct” mean? A．Failed to survive. B．Got protected. C．Began to spread. D．Came active. 3．How does the writer show the successful protection of Yimakan? A．By listing facts. B．By telling stories. C．By setting a scene. D．By asking a question. 4．What does the writer aim to do in the last paragraph? A．To present the efforts of all sides. B．To show the history of Yimakan. C．To ask for more protection of Yimakan. D．To share the beauty of Chinese culture. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了黑龙江赫哲族的非物质文化遗产“伊玛堪”的历史、特点、濒临灭绝的危机以及政府和社会各界为保护这一艺术形式所做的努力及取得的成效。 【详解】1．根据第二段中的“This art dates from as early as the Jin Dynasty.”可知，伊玛堪出现在金代。 2．根据第三段中的“In the golden age of Yimakan, almost everyone could sing a little. However, this art once nearly became extinct, with only five people able to sing full Yimakan.”在伊玛堪的黄金时代，几乎每个人都会唱。然而，这种艺术曾一度濒临灭绝，只有五个人能唱出完整的伊玛堪，因此“became extinct”的意思是为“灭绝”，与A项“Failed to survive”意思相近。 3．根据第四段中的“Now, seven centers for the study and practice of Yimakan have been built in Heilongjiang, with the number of Yimakan actors at all levels growing to over 100. Online courses of about 150 hours have been offered to local communities.”可知，作者通过列举事实来展示伊玛堪保护工作的成功。 4．根据最后一段中的“However, there’s still a lot to do. Let’s protect these cultural treasures together and let the world hear more beautiful voices from China.”可知，作者旨在呼吁大家共同保护伊玛堪。 Passage 2 （25-26八年级下·内蒙古巴彦淖尔·期中）The Changjiang River, also known as the Yangtze River, is one of the longest rivers in the world. It is important to the Chinese people and is often called the “mother river”. It is not just a natural wonder—it is also a symbol of the Chinese nation. Nowadays, the Yangtze River National Cultural Park comes into view. How to protect Yangtze River culture and improve cultural confidence is a new task for the places near the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River National Cultural Park, which is also an important “National Park” project, goes across 13 provinces with 841 national-level intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) projects, 465 historical and cultural cities, towns, and villages, as well as 91 national-level museums. It expresses China’s traditional, revolutionary (革命的), and advanced socialist (社会主义先进的) cultures. With over 2,200 years’ history, Jiujiang plays an important part in the Yangtze River National Cultural Park. To protect the Yangtze River culture, Jiujiang creates the “Most Beautiful Yangtze River Bank”. Jiujiang makes it possible that the park not only protects cultural heritage but also further improves the quality (质量)  of people’s life there. The park turns Jiujiang into a place where visitors can learn more about historical stories and enjoy natural beauty. It also helps local communities by creating jobs in tourism. The Yangtze River National Cultural Park project carries great meaning for the Chinese nation. The project is based on (以……为基础)  the rich cultural resources (资源). The Yangtze River National Cultural Park project holds value in many fields such as water resources protection, social development and educational programs for students. It draws a new painting and shows harmony (和谐) between nature, the people and the cities. 1．What is the new task for the places near the Yangtze River? A．Calling on more people to pay a visit to the Yangtze River. B．Setting a good example for other cultural parks in the country. C．Protecting the Yangtze River culture and improving cultural confidence. 2．What’s the purpose of listing numbers in paragraph 3? A．To compare different cultural parks. B．To express the influence (影响) of the project. C．To ask for protecting the environment. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The culture. B．The project. C．The history. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Cultural Development of Jiujiang B．The Long History of the Yangtze River C．The Yangtze River National Cultural Park 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了长江国家文化公园的建设意义、文化价值及其对沿线地区（如九江）在经济、文化和生态方面的积极影响。 【详解】1．根据第二段：“How to protect Yangtze River culture and improve cultural confidence is a new task for the places near the Yangtze River.”，说明长江沿岸地区的新任务是保护长江文化和提升文化自信。 2．根据第三段：“It goes across 13 provinces with 841 national-level intangible cultural heritage projects, 465 historical and cultural cities, towns, and villages, as well as 91 national-level museums.”，列举数字是为了体现该项目的规模和影响力。 3．根据最后一段：“The Yangtze River National Cultural Park project carries great meaning... The project is based on the rich cultural resources.”，可知“it”指代“The Yangtze River National Cultural Park project”，即该项目。 4．全文围绕“长江国家文化公园”展开，介绍其范围、意义、对九江的带动作用及多重价值，因此最佳标题为“The Yangtze River National Cultural Park”。 Passage 3 （25-26八年级下·全国·单元测试）Cultural heritage protection (文化遗产保护) is an important part of “Amazing China”. China has over 40 world cultural heritage sites, and the number is still growing. These sites include ancient buildings, historical ruins, and intangible cultural heritage like Chinese calligraphy and Peking Opera. To protect these treasures, the Chinese government has taken many measures. For example, the Great Wall has been repaired many times since the 1950s. By 2024, over 1,000 kilometers of the Great Wall had been restored. In addition, laws have been made to prevent damage to cultural heritage. Anyone who destroys cultural relics will face legal punishment. People from all walks of life also take part in protection work. Volunteers often help clean historical sites and guide visitors to behave properly. Many young people have been learning traditional crafts, such as paper-cutting and porcelain-making, to pass down these cultural skills. Protecting cultural heritage is not only about preserving the past but also about creating the future. It helps us remember our history and identity. As more people learn about China’s cultural heritage, they will better understand the charm of this amazing country. 1．How many world cultural heritage sites does China have? A．Over 40. B．Over 10,000. C．5. D．1950. 2．What measure has the government taken to protect the Great Wall? A．Made laws to punish destroyers. B．Repaired it many times. C．Asked volunteers to clean it. D．Taught people traditional crafts. 3．Who helps protect cultural heritage besides the government? A．Only volunteers. B．Only young people. C．Only experts. D．People from all walks of life. 4．Why is protecting cultural heritage important? A．It helps make money. B．It helps build high-speed rail. C．It preserves history and identity. D．It prevents people from traveling. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．World Cultural Heritage Sites in China B．Protecting China’s Cultural Heritage C．Traditional Crafts in China D．Volunteers and Cultural Protection 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了中国文化遗产保护的现状和措施，包括政府行动、公众参与以及保护文化遗产的重要意义。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“China has over 40 world cultural heritage sites, and the number is still growing.”可知，中国的世界文化遗产数量超过50处。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文中“For example, the Great Wall has been repaired many times since the 1950s.”可知，政府采取的措施是多次修复长城。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文中“People from all walks of life also take part in protection work.”可知，除政府外，社会各界人士也参与保护工作。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据文中“Protecting cultural heritage is not only about preserving the past but also about creating the future. It helps us remember our history and identity.”可知，保护文化遗产的意义在于保存历史与民族认同。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。全文围绕中国文化遗产的保护措施、参与主体及意义展开，核心主题是“保护文化遗产”。故选B。 Passage 4 （25-26八年级上·全国·单元测试）Yunnan Woodblock Printmaking is a special kind of printmaking. It started in the 1980s. This kind of art shows history, culture and other things in Yunnan, such as the lives of Yi people, Dai people and Miao people, making it much more wonderful and meaningful. The artists use one piece of wood to make a colourful artwork. First, they choose the best wood, and then they need to think of a creative idea about how to make it. Next, they make a draft. After that, they carefully make it better with tools. Finally, when it is painted and printed, it becomes a beautiful and special artwork. Leng Guangmian, an artist, thinks it’s not easy to finish such an artwork. It takes time. But this art is very meaningful. He keeps on making more people know a lot about this art. He even trains farmers in Pu'er and brings the art into schools. He expects his works to show great woodcutting skills, the culture and the life in Pu’er. 1．What’s the right order of making a colourful artwork? ①Paint and print the artwork.  ②Make a draft. ③Choose the best wood.  ④Make it better with tools. A．③—②—①—④ B．③—②—④—① C．④—③——①—② D．④—①—③—② 2．Which of the following is NOT true according to the text? A．The woodblock printmaking only shows the lives of people in Pu'er. B．To make a colourful artwork, one piece of wood is enough. C．Leng Guangmian brings the art into both farms and schools. D．Leng Guangmian is an artist. 3．What does Leng Guangmian think of this art? A．Easy but boring. B．Fun but meaningless. C．Interesting but dangerous. D．Difficult but meaningful. 4．In which part of a Newspaper can we probably read the text? A．Sports. B．Travel. C．Art. D．Food. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了云南木刻版画这一特殊艺术形式，包括其起源、所展现的内容、制作步骤以及艺术家冷光冕对其的态度和推广举措。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“First, they choose the best wood, and then they need to think of a creative idea about how to make it. Next, they make a draft. After that, they carefully make it better with tools. Finally, when it is painted and printed, it becomes a beautiful and special artwork.”可知，制作彩色艺术品的正确顺序是选最好的木头、打草稿、用工具改进、上色印刷，即③—②—④—①。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“This kind of art shows history, culture and other things in Yunnan, such as the lives of Yi people, Dai people and Miao people”可知，云南木刻版画展示的是云南的历史、文化等，并非只展示普洱人的生活。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Leng Guangmian, an artist, thinks it’s not easy to finish such an artwork. It takes time. But this art is very meaningful.”可知，冷光冕认为这种艺术很难但有意义。故选D。   4．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了云南木刻版画这一艺术形式，包括其起源、制作过程以及相关艺术家等内容，因此可能在报纸的艺术版块读到。故选C。 Passage 5 （23-24八年级下·安徽池州·期末）Nowadays many people look for fun online. Watching livestreaming (直播) shows has become part of their lives. At the same time, traditional culture has found a bigger stage (舞台) online. Many traditional artists are starting to livestream like Douyin and Bilibili. Some of them sing Peking Opera, some make paper cutting, while others perform Chinese classical music. A growing number of young people are starting to become more interested in traditional culture because of livestreaming. Li Jun is a Peking Opera performer from the Shanghai Jingju Theater Company. The 59-year-old took up his smart phone and started livestreaming. Unlike performing on a real stage, Li uses common places as his stage, including his office and study room. Besides singing, Li also teaches viewers (观众) something about Peking Opera. People can ask him questions and get answers directly. “Livestreaming has brought this traditional art down to earth.” One viewer said, “it gives young people an easier way to learn more about the traditional art.” Li has more than 6,000 fans on Douyin, while one of his videos got 42,000 views on Bilibili. On March 26th, 2020, Bilibili livestreamed a huafu show on the third China Huafu Day Performers showed clothes in traditional Chinese styles, including those from Wei, Tang and Ming dynasties. During the show, viewers not only enjoyed looking at the clothes, but also watched how performers used ancient styles of make-up. As Guangming Daily said, livestreaming has come to a new stage through which traditional culture can be kept alive. 1．The writer mentioned Li Jun in order to ________ in Paragraph 2. A．give an example of traditional culture livestreaming B．ask young people to learn from Li Jun C．tell young people to learn Peking Opera D．ask young people to enjoy Li Jun’s livestreaming 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Many traditional artists start to sell traditional objects on Douyin and Bilibili. B．More people have interest in traditional culture with the help of livestreaming. C．Peking Opera performer Li Jun has more than 42,000 fans on Douyin. D．Performers performed Chinese classical music in the Huafu show. 3．Which is the main idea of the passage? A．Livestreaming is getting more and more popular. B．We should help to save the traditional art. C．Livestreaming brings traditional art back to life. D．Traditional art keeps livestreaming alive. 4．Which picture shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了人们在抖音或哔哩哔哩上直播传统文化，让传统艺术重现生机。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据“Li Jun is a Peking Opera performer from the Shanghai Jingju Theater Company. The 59-year-old took up his smart phone and started livestreaming.”可知，第二段介绍了李俊在直播上表演京剧，是为了列举一个传统文化直播的例子，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“A growing number of young people are starting to become more interested in traditional culture because of livestreaming.”可知，在直播的帮助下，更多的人对传统文化产生了兴趣。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据“As Guangming Daily said, livestreaming has come to a new stage through which traditional culture can be kept alive.”及全文可知，直播让传统艺术重现生机。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。根据文中内容可知，第一段介绍传统文化开始在直播上展现；第二段、第三段和第四段举例子介绍京剧表演和传统服装在直播上的表演；第五段总结直播让传统文化保持生机，本文是总—分—总的结构，故选D。 文章讲述了：本文介绍AI在野生动物保护中的三大应用及其局限，说明科技虽强大，但只有与人类行动结合，才能真正保护野生动物。通过“问题—应用—局限—结论”的说明文结构，培养学生获取、整合与评价信息的能力。 For many years, wildlife protection has been a race against time. Elephants are killed for their ivory. Tigers are hunted for their skins. Forests are cut down, and climate change makes life even harder for animals. Poaching remains a serious problem. Rangers work day and night, but they cannot be everywhere. Now, artificial intelligence, or AI, is giving them a powerful new pair of eyes and ears. AI is a kind of computer program that can learn from data. When it is trained with thousands of pictures or sounds, it can recognize patterns and make decisions. In wildlife protection, AI is used in three main ways. First, AI helps stop poaching. In some African national parks, special cameras are fixed to trees. These cameras are connected to AI software. The software can tell the difference between a human, a car and an animal. If it sees a person carrying a gun at night, it sends a warning to rangers’ phones within seconds. In one park, this system helped cut illegal hunting by nearly 30 percent in a year. Second, AI helps scientists track animals. Drones with AI can fly over large areas and take photos. The AI then studies the patterns on a tiger’s skin, an elephant’s ear, or a whale’s tail. These patterns are as unique as a human fingerprint. With this method, scientists can identify each animal and follow its movement without disturbing it. Third, AI can analyze huge amounts of data. For example, it listens to recordings from the forest and picks out the calls of different birds and frogs. This helps scientists know which species are still there. AI can also predict where poachers may go next, so rangers can plan better patrol routes. However, AI is not a magic solution. It costs a lot of money to buy and maintain. Many protected areas are far from cities and have poor internet. AI can also make mistakes, such as mistaking a farmer for a poacher. And some people worry that AI might take away jobs or be used to watch people unfairly. In the end, AI is a powerful tool, but it cannot replace human effort. Rangers still need to patrol, governments need to make strong laws, and local communities need to be involved. Only when technology and people work together can wildlife have a safer future. 1. What can AI cameras do in national parks? A. They can feed wild animals. B. They can tell humans from animals and warn rangers. C. They can catch poachers by themselves. D. They can change the weather in the forest. 2. The underlined word “Poaching” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______. A. protecting wild animals B. studying animal calls C. illegal hunting D. planting trees 3. Why does the author compare animal patterns to “a human fingerprint”? A. To show that animals have fingers. B. To explain how AI identifies each animal. C. To prove that AI can take clear photos. D. To show that fingerprints are important for humans. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. AI is a powerful but limited tool for wildlife protection. B. Poaching is the only problem facing wildlife. C. AI will soon replace rangers in national parks. D. Scientists no longer need to study animals in the wild. 5. What is the author’s attitude towards AI in wildlife protection? A. Doubtful and worried. B. Positive but cautious. C. Completely supportive. D. Uninterested and neutral. 【答案】 1—5：BCBAB 【导语】本文是一篇英语说明文，主要介绍了人工智能在野生动物保护中的三种主要应用——帮助阻止偷猎、协助科学家追踪动物、分析大量数据，同时也指出了AI成本高、网络差、可能误判等局限，强调AI只是工具，只有科技与人类行动结合，才能更好地保护野生动物。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The software can tell the difference between a human, a car and an animal. If it sees a person carrying a gun at night, it sends a warning to rangers’ phones within seconds.”可知，AI摄像头能区分人和动物，并在发现偷猎者时向护林员发出警告。A“喂动物”、C“自己抓偷猎者”、D“改变天气”均与原文不符。 词义猜测题。根据第一段“Elephants are killed for their ivory. Tigers are hunted for their skins.”以及“Poaching remains a serious problem.”可知，poaching指非法狩猎。A“保护动物”、B“研究动物叫声”、D“种树”均不符合语境。 3. 推理判断题。作者把动物身上的花纹比作“人类指纹”，是为了说明AI可以通过这些独特图案识别每一只动物，从而追踪它们。A“动物有手指”是字面误解；C“证明AI能拍清晰照片”不是重点；D“证明指纹重要”脱离语境。 4. 主旨大意题。全文介绍了AI在野生动物保护中的三种用途，同时指出AI成本高、网络差、会犯错等局限，最后强调AI只是工具，需要人类行动配合。A项“AI是强大但有局限的工具”最能概括全文。B、C、D均过于片面或绝对。 5. 作者态度题。作者既肯定了AI的积极作用，如防偷猎、追踪动物、分析数据，又指出AI不是万能，需要人类、法律和社区共同参与。因此作者态度是“积极但谨慎”。A“怀疑担忧”忽略了积极面；C“完全支持”忽略了局限；D“不感兴趣”明显错误。 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题05 阅读理解之说明文常考5大话题 话题1 成长感悟类（高频） 话题2 亲情温暖类 话题3 校园师生/友情类 话题4 社会温情/人性美类（常考点） 话题5 家国乡土/文化传承类（常考点） 说明文阅读的核心是：说明对象 + 特征/原理 + 说明顺序 + 说明方法 + 语言准确性。 英语说明文还要特别注意：主旨句、支持细节、逻辑关系、同义替换。 整体解题五步法 1. 读题干，圈关键词：判断题型：主旨、细节、词义、推断、方法、作用。 2. 速读全文，抓对象：看标题、首段、各段首句、尾段。 3. 定位原文：题干关键词回原文找对应句、段。 4. 比对选项：注意同义替换，排除偷换概念、无中生有、绝对化。 5. 规范作答：先概括，再分析，最后扣住说明对象和特征。 考点1 成长感悟类（共5篇） Passage 1 （26-27八年级上·黑龙江佳木斯·阶段检测）Do you often feel tired in class? Do you have trouble concentrating on your study? Maybe your bad daily habits are the reasons. A recent study shows that daily habits have a great influence on teenagers’ study and health. Students with good habits usually get better grades. They plan their time well, finish tasks on time and review their lessons every day. They hardly ever waste time on meaningless things. However, students with bad habits often feel lazy and careless. They always put off their study and play all day. Besides study, habits influence physical health. Students who exercise regularly and eat healthily are stronger and seldom get sick. But those who stay up late and eat junk food easily feel weak and tired. What’s more, good habits help build good personalities. People with good habits are usually more patient, responsible and positive. They can face difficulties bravely in study and life. Habits are formed day by day. We should start small and keep good habits every day. Small changes will bring big differences finally. 1．What does the recent study show? A．All students have good habits. B．Habits influence students greatly. C．Bad habits are easy to change. D．Good habits are hard to keep. 2．Students with good study habits ________. A．often put off homework B．waste lots of time C．finish tasks on time D．feel lazy all the time 3．How many advantages of good habits are mentioned in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 4．The underlined word “positive” means ________ in Chinese. A．消极的 B．积极的 C．懒惰的 D．懦弱的 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Importance of Good Habits B．How to Improve Study Grades C．How to Keep Healthy D．Teenagers’ Daily Life Passage 2 （25-26八年级上·全国·期中）Do you know many successful people have similar (相似的) habits? These habits help them make the best use of their days. One of the habits is to get ready for the next day the night before. Here are some things they do. Learn to relax. Successful people say it is important to relax. Some enjoy listening to music, but others like taking a shower before going to bed. Studies show that a 15-minute shower at around 40-43℃ helps us sleep better. Sleeping well means a good day the next day. Put the phone down. Successful people always control (控制) their phone use. The blue light from a phone is bad for sleep. They put away their phones an hour before bedtime. They don’t sleep with their phones nearby. And they usually use an alarm clock (闹钟) to wake them up. Think about today. Before sleeping, it is helpful to think about the day. Successful people think about the good things on that day. This helps them learn and prepare for a good day the next day. Make a plan. Many successful people make plans for their activities the next day. It helps them have a relaxing and happy new day. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By asking a question. B．By telling a story. C．By showing a saying. D．By giving an example. 2．How do the successful people relax themselves? ①They listen to music.                    ②They take a shower. ③They watch videos on their phone.        ④They sleep at an early time. A．①② B．①③ C．②③    D．②④ 3．Tom, a successful person, goes to bed at 10:00 every night. When will he put away his phone? A．At 8:00. B．At 8:30. C．At 9:00. D．At 10:00. 4．What’s the structure of the text? (P-paragraph) A． B．C． D． 5．What’s the text mainly about? A．What to do to become a successful man. B．How the successful people have a good sleep. C．Why good habits are important in our life. D．How the successful people get ready for the next day. Passage 3 （26-27八年级上·全国·单元测试）In our life, everyone has the potential to be better. To achieve self-improvement, we first need to set clear goals. Goals give us direction and motivation. For example, if your goal is to improve your English, you can set a target of memorizing a certain number of new words each day. Second, time management is crucial. We should learn to prioritize our tasks and make the most of our time. Don’t waste time on unimportant things. Also, facing difficulties bravely is an important part of self-improvement. When we meet challenges, we should try different ways to solve them instead of giving up easily. Team-work can also help us a lot. By working with others, we can learn from their strengths and gain more experience. Finally, we should keep a positive attitude. Believe in ourselves and our ability to change. With a positive mindset, we are more likely to achieve our goals and become better. 1．What is the first step to achieve self-improvement according to the passage? A．Setting clear goals. B．Managing time well. C．Facing difficulties bravely. D．Keeping a positive attitude. 2．Why is time management important? A．Because it helps us set goals. B．Because it helps us prioritize tasks and use time effectively. C．Because it helps us make friends. D．Because it helps us keep healthy. 3．What should we do when we meet challenges? A．Give up immediately. B．Try different ways to solve them. C．Wait for others to help. D．Avoid them. 4．How can team-work help us in self-improvement? A．By making us more popular. B．By making us more confident. C．By allowing us to learn from others’ strengths. D．By helping us finish tasks faster. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．The Importance of Goals B．How to Manage Time C．Facing Challenges Bravely D．Ways to Be Better Passage 4 （26-27八年级上·黑龙江绥化·开学考试）Do you get angry when your friends sing loudly, or when your best friend does not wait for you after school? If you do, you need to control your feelings and stop getting angry so easily. Getting angry easily can make you lose friends. Gary Egeberg, an American high school teacher, wrote My Feelings Are Just Like Wild Animals to help you control your feelings. It tells teenagers how to stay cool when bad things happen to them. The book says that getting angry only makes problems worse. It can not make them better. “Getting angry is not a natural way to act,” the book says. It is just a bad habit, like smoking. The book says you can control your anger easily, and all you have to do is to tell yourself not to be angry. When a baby falls over, it cries only when people are watching it. Like a baby, you can only get angry if you are sure it is the right thing to do. The book gives many suggestions to help you if you get angry easily. Here are the top three. ◇Keep a record. Every time you get angry, write down why you are angry. Look at it later and you will see you get angry too easily. ◇Ask your friends to stop talking to you when you get angry. This will teach you not to be angry. ◇ Do something different. When you get angry, walk away from the problem and go somewhere else. Try to laugh! 根据短文内容选择最佳答案。 1．The underlined word “suggestions” in the passage means “________” in Chinese. A．益处 B．建议 C．计划 2．From the passage, we know that My Feelings Are Just Like Wild Animals mainly tells us ________. A．something about what to read B．some good ways on how to read C．some advice on how to stay cool 3．According to the book My Feelings Are Just Like Wild Animals, we should ________ when we get angry. A．write down why we are angry B．ask our friends to go on talking to us C．keep dealing with the problem 4．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．If we get angry easily, we may lose our friends. B．Gary Egeberg is the writer of the book My Feelings Are Just Like Wild Animals. C．We will get ill very easily if we often get angry. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Don’t Get Angry Easily B．Work Hard at School C．Do More Exercise Passage 5 （26-27八年级上·全国·单元测试） Street dance started in the United States in the late 1970s and includes many styles, such as breaking, hip-hop, locking, and popping. In China, street dance has grown popular for different reasons, including internet attention, famous celebrity partnerships, and televised competitions, leading to it finding plenty of fans. The attraction of street dance has also been helped by popular shows, such as Street Dance of China, streamed on the video site Youku. As street dance became more popular in China, many people, like Wu Qiping, began to explore this exciting form of expression. Almost every day, when the clock reached five, she would rush to the dance studio. “After feeling very tired from work, we were looking for a way to recharge. Though none of us had danced before, we decided to give it a try,” said Wu. Her first introduction to dance was by chance. In 2022, Wu and her friends paid 20 yuan ($2.80) for a dance class. “During the first class, we stood at the back of the classroom and slowly followed the teacher,” recalled Wu, adding that she wore her office outfit to the dance studio, which made her stand out from the other students. Though her two other friends dropped out of the class, Wu found the experience unlike any other. Although there were difficulties, the supportive environment and encouragement from her teacher and peers pushed her to get through her early discomfort. As she reflected on her experiences, street dance has become an important part of her identity—a source of joy, connection, and strength in an always-demanding world. 1．How many reasons for the popularity of street dance are mentioned in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 2．Which of the following words can be best used to describe Wu’s first class experience? A．Relaxing. B．Uneasy. C．Boring. D．Exciting. 3．Why did Wu want to study street dance? A．She was influenced by a popular TV show. B．She wanted to lose weight. C．She needed a way to relax after work. D．Her friends encouraged her to join. 4．How did Wu get over the difficulties she met in class? A．She watched videos online to practice. B．She practiced alone at home. C．She received encouragement from her teacher and peers. D．She quit the class and took private lessons. 考点2 亲情温暖类（共5篇） Passage 1 （25-26八年级上·海南儋州·期中）If you have a brother or sister, you already know you are different. You live in the same house with the same parents, but you have different personalities. Why? The reasons are as follows. Firstborn (第一胎生的) children get more love from their parents. Parents usually give firstborn children more responsibility (责任) and ask them to look after younger brothers or sisters. So, firstborn children are often responsible, hard-­working and jealous (妒忌的). They often want to do well at school and work. When a second child arrives, parents are more relaxed. The second child has to compete (竞争) with the firstborn for parents and love. These children often have different sports and interests to do well in at school and work, but they must have a new way to get their family’s care. They are often friendly and cool. Do you think so? 1．Why are firstborn children often responsible? A．Because they get more love from their parents. B．Because they have to compete with the second­born children. C．Because their parents usually give them more responsibility. 2．What does the underlined word “They” in the second paragraph refer to (指代)? A．Parents. B．Firstborn children. C．Younger brothers or sisters. 3．The second­born children are often ________. A．hard­-working and jealous B．hard­-working and friendly C．friendly and cool 4．The passage mainly tells us ________. A．brothers and sisters are always different B．children from the same family don’t look the same C．why children from the same family aren’t the same in personalities 5．What’s the structure (结构) of the passage? (P＝Paragraph) A． B． C． Passage 2 （26-27八年级上·山东日照·阶段检测）Family always brings us happiness. In a family, people care for each other. There are parents, children, and sometimes grandparents. Parents help their children grow. They teach them how to talk, walk and be kind. They also play with them and make them happy. Brothers and sisters are also part of the family. They play together and share things. Sometimes they argue, but they always love each other and stop each other from feeling lonely. They also help each other. Grandparents are very special. They have a lot of life experience. They always tell their grandchildren not to waste food, because they didn’t have enough food to eat when they were young. In a family, people do many things together. They have birthdays, holidays and special dinners together. They laugh, talk and have fun. Even when things are hard, family members support each other.    There’s nothing like family. Family gives us happiness and a sense of belonging. It means love, care and being together. It’s the best part of life. 1．According to the text, what can parents teach us to do? a. How to walk. b. How to talk. c. How to tell stories. d. How to be kind. A．a, b, d B．b, c, d C．a, c, d D．a, b, c 2．There are grandparents, parents, a sister and Jim in Jim’s family. Who is very special according to the text? A．Jim’s parents. B．Jim’s sister. C．Jim. D．Jim’s grandparents. 3．Which one best describes the life of grandparents when they were young according to the text? A．Modern. B．Freezing. C．Poor. D．Rich. 4．What does family mean according to the text? A．Love, happiness and being together. B．Love, care and being together. C．Care, happiness and being together. D．Happiness, money and care. Passage 3 （26-27八年级上·四川遂宁·阶段检测）Parents love us most in the world. As children, we should do something to show our love for them. Here are a few of my ways. Make a card. You may think making a card is a little thing, and most of you may never try it. My parents keep all the cards from me. They say the cards are treasures to them. So why not make a card for your parents? ________ My dad and mum are busy every day. They need to work and do housework. All these things make them tired, so I always keep my room clean and tidy. How about you? Do you often clean your room? Make a meal. Parents are tired after a day’s work. Making dinner for them can give them a break. I am too young to do it by myself, so I ask my sister to help me cook. Say sorry and thanks. If I do something wrong, I will say sorry to them. If I do that, they will know how I feel. After they do a thing for me, I always say thanks. I can also do something else for them to show I am sorry or I’m thankful, like writing a letter and drawing pictures. I think you can give it a try, too. 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Giving a card. B．Getting a card. C．Keeping a card. D．Making a card. 2．Which can you put in “________”? A．Keep busy. B．Clean up the room. C．Work hard. D．Sweep the bathroom. 3．Who is the passage for? A．Parents. B．Teachers. C．Students. D．Friends. 4．Which is the best structure of the passage? A．①/②③④⑤ B．①②/③④⑤ C．①/②/③④⑤ D．①②③/④⑤ 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Best gifts for parents B．Interesting things to do with children C．Ways to show our love D．Places to have fun with family members Passage 4 （26-27八年级上·河南驻马店·阶段检测）Parents love us best in the world. As children, we should do something to show our love for them. Here are a few of my ways. Make a card. You may think making a card is a little thing, and most of you may never try it. My parents keep all the cards from me. They say the cards are treasures to them. So why not make a card for your parents? ▲ My dad and mum are busy every day. They need to work and do housework. All these things make them tired, so I always keep my room clean and tidy. How about you? Do you often clean up your room? Make a meal. Parents are tired after a day’s work. Making dinner for them can give them a break. I am too young to do it by myself, so I ask my sister to help me cook. Say sorry and thanks. If I do something wrong, I will say sorry to them. If I do that, they will know how I feel. After they do a thing for me, I always say thanks. I can also do something else for them to show I am sorry or I’m thankful, like writing a letter and drawing pictures. I think you can have a try too. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Giving a card. B．Getting a card. C．Keeping a card. D．Making a card. 2．Which can you put in “ ▲ ”? A．Keep busy. B．Clean up the room. C．Work hard. D．Sweep the bathroom. 3．Who is the passage for? A．Parents. B．Teachers. C．Children. D．Friends. 4．Which is the best structure of the passage? A．1/2345 B．1234/5 C．1/234/5 D．1/23/45 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Best Gifts for Parents B．Interesting Things to Do with Children C．Ways to Show Our Love D．Places to Have Fun with Family Members Passage 5 （26-27八年级上·全国·单元测试）A study shows that teenagers often have trouble communicating with their parents. Here are two students’ stories: Li Hua, 14, says: “My parents are always busy. When I try to talk about my school life, they just say ‘Study hard’ and change the topic. I feel like they don’t care about me. Now I prefer to talk to my friends instead.” Wang Ying, 15, shares: “I argue with my mom a lot. She wants me to take piano lessons, but I like dancing. When I tell her, she says ‘Piano is better for your future.’ I wish she would listen to my opinion.” Experts suggest that parents should spend more time listening, and teenagers should try to explain their feelings calmly. For example, instead of saying “You never listen,” try “I feel happy when we talk about my hobbies.” 1．What trouble do the two students have? A．They don’t like studying. B．They have no friends. C．They find it hard to communicate with parents. D．They are too busy. 2．Why does Li Hua prefer to talk to friends? A．His parents are too busy and don’t care about his school life. B．His friends are smarter than his parents. C．His parents don’t allow him to talk. D．He doesn’t like his parents. 3．What does Wang Ying’s mom want her to do? A．Dance. B．Take piano lessons. C．Play sports. D．Draw. 4．What do experts suggest teenagers do? A．Argue with parents. B．Keep quiet. C．Explain feelings calmly. D．Talk to friends only. 5．What’s a better way for teenagers to express their feelings? A．“You never listen to me” B．“I feel happy when we talk about my hobbies” C．“You don’t care about me” D．“I hate this family” 考点3 校园师生、友情类（共5篇） Passage 1 （26-27八年级上·全国·单元测试）From early childhood, we are looking for our most trustworthy friends. Friends have a great influence (影响) on us. You can’t change the people around you, but you can choose your friends wisely. Are your friends helping you develop in any way? Good friends can help you become a better person. In short, do you see meaningful growth by getting along with them? Good friends whom you can trust will create a safe environment for you to share your deepest truths. Maybe they will let your secret be a secret. They will keep their words. Their actions will match their words. And if you goofed up, they would even help you out of tricky situations (处境) with their well-meaning advice. Good friends who value you will create space in their life for you. In today’s fast-paced age, we are often noticing how we spend our time, and if you find your friends making time and space for you, it is a signal they value your friendship. Yes, your friends have a role to play when you’re going through a hard time, like a heartbreak or losing a job. They will help you with good advice that can help you piece your life together. They have your best interest at heart and support you with their objective guidance (客观指导). In a word, a good friend is also a guide to you. With these tips, you can create a pool of good friendships for life. Remember what you choose for yourself today has an important influence on your tomorrow. 1．The underlined phrase “goofed up” probably means “________”. A．made a silly mistake B．had a good time C．had some very strange ideas D．had a healthy lifestyle 2．Which question can best express the main idea of Paragraph 5? A．Do you see a value in their company? B．Can you see yourself being able to trust them? C．Do you see yourself being valued? D．Can you depend on your friend for well-meaning advice? 3．The passage is mainly about ________. A．the importance of good friends B．the tips for choosing friends wisely C．the advice on getting along with others D．the ways of making friends Passage 2 （26-27八年级上·全国·课后作业）Everyone needs friends. Friends bring us happiness and hope in our lives. But the ability to make friends changes from person to person. To some people, making friends is easy, but to others it’s very difficult. Making friends is a skill, and the first thing is to know how to get on with others. If you have trouble in making friends, maybe I can tell you how to do it. ★Know your own good points. You have skills and talents that others will like. ★Believe that you are a good person and have something nice to share with others. ★Be humorous. Learn to laugh at yourself and your weaknesses. Remember to smile at others. ★Respect (尊重) others. Everyone has his own idea. Learn how to listen to others’ ideas without trying to make them accept (接受) yours. ★Be kind. If you are kind to others, they will usually be kind to you. There are hundreds of little things you can do to show kindness: Open the door for someone, wave to a friend and so on. ★Don’t complain (抱怨). Learn to accept what you can’t change, and work hard to change what you can. No one is willing to hear you complaining all the time. ★Never give up (放弃). Even if you are faced with closed-minded people, never give up. And try to find someone who will understand you. 1．Why do we need friends according to the passage? A．Friends can do everything for us. B．Friends can bring us happiness. C．Friends accept our ideas all the time. D．Without friends, we could not live. 2．To make friends, what’s the first thing we should learn? A．How to help others. B．How to smile at others. C．How to get on with others. D．How to listen to others' complaints. 3．Which of the following shows we are humorous? A．Opening the door for someone. B．Complaining to others all the time. C．Laughing at ourselves and our weaknesses. D．Finding someone who will understand us. 4．What should we do when we have trouble in making friends? A．Respect others. B．Complain. C．Give up. D．Laugh at them. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．When to make friends. B．Where to make friends. C．How to make friends. D．Who to make friends with. Passage 3 （26-27八年级上·全国·单元测试）A study shows that friends can be both similar and different—and that’s a good thing! The study says friends often have similar hobbies. For example, if you like playing the piano, your friends may also like music. This makes it easy to do activities together. But friends with different strengths are also important. If you’re good at math but not at English, a friend who is good at English can help you. And you can help them with math. This way, both of you can improve. The study also finds that friends with different personalities (性格) learn more from each other. Quiet people can learn to be more outgoing from their active friends. Active people can learn to be more careful from their quiet friends. So, it’s great to have friends who are both similar and different. They make life more interesting! 1．Why do friends with similar hobbies get along easily? A．They can help each other study. B．They can do activities together. C．They have different strengths. D．They have different personalities. 2．What can friends with different strengths do? A．They can learn from each other. B．They can have the same hobbies. C．They can have similar personalities. D．They can’t do activities together. 3．What do active people learn from quiet friends? A．To be more outgoing. B．To be more careful. C．To be more active. D．To be more funny. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Friends must have the same hobbies. B．Friends with different personalities are not good. C．It’s good to have friends who are both similar and different. D．Friends with similar strengths can improve together. Passage 4 （26-27八年级上·全国·单元测试）阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Do you have true friends? Do you want to know better between you and your friends? There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends”. The first kind of friends is almost an acquaintance (熟人). All you usually know about them is their names. You may meet this kind of friends at school, at work, or on the bus, but you don’t miss them when they’re not around. When this kind of friends does something bad, you don’t tell them. That is why they are called “pest friends”. The second kind of friends could also be called “social partners”. They are closer than acquaintances, but not as close as true friends. You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike, and a little of their family histories. You may have the same interest and often do something together in your free time, but you don’t talk about anything deep, such as your wishes or dreams, and they don’t open up to you how they really feel. The last kind of friends, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest. You’re like family members, and know everything about each other. You have no problem staying at each other’s houses, and you share your deepest feelings and thoughts. They will help you when you’re wrong. Sometimes they may not be perfect (完美的), but at least they will always care about you, and never do anything on purpose (故意地) to hurt you. We all have our pest, guest, and best friends. We should value (重视) all friendships and remember, all best friends start out as just acquaintances. 1．How many kinds of friends are there in the writer’s opinion? A．One B．Two C．Three D．Four 2．If you and John are neighbors and classmates, and do things together, but don’t share your feelings, you are “________”. A．pest friends B．guest friends C．best friends D．true friends 3．The fourth paragraph mainly tells us ________. A．how to make a best friend B．how to learn from your best friends C．what a best friend is D．a best friend can help you when you are wrong 4．Which of the following is true? A．When pest friends do something bad, you tell them at once. B．The social partners are as close as true friends. C．You share your deepest feelings and thoughts with the social partners. D．The “best friend” is the one you know the deepest. 5．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? ①= Paragraph 1 ②= Para 2 ③=Para 3 ④=Para 4 ⑤=Para 5 A．①/②③④⑤ B．①/②③④/⑤ C．①/②/③④⑤ D．①/②③/④/⑤ Passage 5 （25-26八年级上·湖南衡阳·期中）The Three Kinds of FriendsOf Utility Based on (基于) getting something useful from each other. ·Workmates    ·Deskmates    ·Club members Of Pleasure Based on enjoying time together. These friendships aren’t very deep. ·Drinking friends     ·Hobby friends     ·Sports friends Of Good Based on true care and trust. ·Real friends   ·Closest friends ·Friends who always help each other 1．What does the underlined word “Utility”mean in Chinese? A．体贴 B．有用 C．终生 2．What can you learn about friends of pleasure? A．They are the best kind. B．They just say hello sometimes. C．They like doing fun things together. 3．In which part of a magazine can you probably read this material? A．Nature. B．Culture. C．Relationship (关系). 考点4 社会温情、人性美类（共5篇） Passage 1 （26-27八年级上·山东枣庄·阶段检测）Is the summer vacation long enough to turn unused time for the better? Every person has his own talents and interests. Find something you care about, and you will see the difference. Organize (组织) a clean-up programme. People often litter there. This leaves the community a messy area. The environment will become better if someone volunteers to help. Show your love to the old. Our city has some old people’s homes. Without children around them, old people there might feel lonely at times. Maybe they need your help. In fact, you can do a lot for them. For example, you can talk with them or play games with them. Listening to them carefully is also a good idea. Some old people can’t see clearly and they would like to have someone read to them. No matter what small things you do, you can make them feel loved. Set up a reading group with your friends. Share your favourite books with them. Besides, you may read aloud to each other and talk about what you read. Either a book or an article can spark a lively discussion and your further thinking. The process often challenges good ways to take action. At last, the project is also a good way to welcome newcomers. At the same time, you may find new friends with similar hobbies. A two-month summer vacation isn’t that long, but it’s enough to make a difference. 1．Why do you need to read to some old people? A．Because old people’s homes are far away from their homes. B．Because they can’t see clearly. C．Because you are good at reading. D．Because they are far away from their homes. 2．What does the underlined word “spark” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Finish. B．Increase. C．Start. D．Separate. 3．Which is the right structure (结构) of the text? A． B．C． D． 4．What is the best title for the text? A．People with Different Interests B．How to Make a Difference in Summer Vacation C．Reasons for Jobs During Summer Vacation D．Volunteer a Different Summer Vacation Passage 2 （26-27八年级上·全国·单元测试）Desert School in Kenya In some parts of the world, children face many difficulties in getting education. One example is the “desert school” in a small village in Kenya. This village is far from big cities, and there is very little water and few trees. Most families here make a living by raising sheep and goats. For a long time, children in the village had to walk 5 hours every day to go to the nearest school. Many of them were too tired to study well, and some even stopped going to school. A group of volunteers heard about this problem. They decided to build a small school in the village. To make the school suitable for the desert environment, they used special materials that keep the classrooms cool. They also built a small water tank to collect rainwater, so the school could have enough water for students to drink and water the small garden. In the garden, students grow vegetables like tomatoes and carrots. They learn how to take care of plants, which not only teaches them useful skills but also gives them fresh food. Now, the desert school has 80 students. Every morning, they walk to school in 15 minutes. They have classes in math, English, and science, and they also learn about protecting the desert environment. The students are very happy because they can study near their homes, and their parents are glad to see their children getting a good education. The desert school shows that even in hard places, people can find ways to give children the chance to learn. It tells us that education is important for every child, no matter where they live. 1．Why did some children in the Kenyan village stop going to school before? A．They disliked studying. B．They had to raise sheep. C．The nearest school was too far. D．There was no school. 2．What did volunteers use to keep the classroom cool? A．Air conditioners. B．Special materials. C．Trees. D．Fans. 3．What do students grow in the school garden? A．Flowers. B．Vegetables. C．Fruits. D．Grass. 4．How long do students walk to school now? A．15 minutes. B．5 hours. C．1 hour. D．30 minutes. Passage 3 （26-27八年级上·河南周口·阶段检测）In the city of Zhengzhou, there is a hotpot restaurant, Shengyousheng. It is doing something very special. It gives jobs to people who are hearing-impaired—that means they can’t hear well or at all. About half of the workers there have trouble in hearing, including 31-year-old Deng Wei, who works as the kitchen manager. He makes about 4,000 yuan each month and says he enjoys working in a quiet and friendly place. Shengyousheng is a self-service hotpot restaurant. Customers choose their own food and make their own sauces (调味汁), so there’s not much need to talk. This makes it easy for hearing-impaired workers to do their jobs. To help with communication, the restaurant uses big posters on the walls. These posters show simple hand signs, like how to say “wait for a while” by placing the right hand under your chin (下巴). There are also signs for “food”, “hello”, and “thank you”. Each table also has cards that customers can use to write to the workers if needed. Shengyousheng is not only helping people with hearing problems find jobs, but also showing everyone that kindness, patience, and respect are just as important as words. It’s a place where great food meets a great heart. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What is special about Shengyousheng restaurant? A．It sells delicious hotpot dishes. B．It is open only to customers with hearing problems. C．It helps hearing-impaired people get jobs. D．It teaches hearing-impaired people to cook hotpot. 2．What do we know about Deng Wei? A．He is 30 years old and works as a waiter. B．He makes about 4,000 yuan every month. C．He can’t hear anything at all. D．He dislikes the working environment of the restaurant. 3．Which of the following is the hand sign for “wait for a while”? A． B． C． D． 4．How does the restaurant mainly solve the communication problem? A．By asking the manager to help. B．By using hand signs and notecards. C．By telling workers loudly and clearly. D．By training all workers to type. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．To tell the story of Deng Wei. B．To introduce a restaurant. C．To deal with a job problem. D．To show kindness in business. Passage 4 （26-27八年级上·全国·单元测试）阅读短文，选择正确答案： Volunteering is becoming more and more popular around the world. It gives people a chance to help others and make a difference in their communities. There are many kinds of volunteer work. Some volunteers help at local food banks, giving food to people who don’t have enough to eat. Others work in old people’s homes, chatting with the elderly and helping them with daily things. There are also those who take part in environmental protection projects, such as planting trees, cleaning up rivers and beaches. Volunteering not only helps others but also benefits the volunteers themselves. When people volunteer, they can learn new skills, meet new friends, and gain a sense of satisfaction. It can also help them understand different people and cultures better. However, being a volunteer is not always easy. Sometimes volunteers may face difficulties or challenges. But most of them think the experience is worth it. They feel happy and proud when they see the positive changes they bring to others’ lives. 1．Why is volunteering becoming popular? A．Because it makes people rich. B．Because it gives people a chance to help others and influence their communities. C．Because it helps people get good jobs. D．Because it allows people to travel around the world. 2．What kind of volunteer work is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．Helping at local food banks. B．Working in children’s hospitals. C．Working in old people’s homes. D．Taking part in environmental protection projects. 3．What benefits can volunteers get from volunteering? ① Learn new skills. ② Meet new friends. ③ Gain money. ④ Understand different people and cultures better. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 4．What does the underlined word “benefits” mean in Chinese? A．损害 B．限制 C．使受益 D．使劳累 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．Volunteering is always easy and fun. B．Volunteers never face difficulties. C．Most volunteers think the volunteering experience is valuable. D．Volunteers only help others and get nothing in return. Passage 5 （25-26八年级上·广东深圳·期中）Have you ever thought of what life is like for old people? Have you ever helped old people who live alone? Can they get help when they need it? Six students from Beijing 101 Middle School looked deeper at this question and wrote a proposal (提案) to the China Youth Model Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (全国青少年模拟政协活动). They advised building more old people’s service stations in the neighbourhood. They also gave suggestions about how governments, neighbourhoods and hospitals can work together to make this happen. An old people’s service station is different from a nursing home. It offers things like daytime care, cooking, cleaning and friendship to old people who live in their own homes. The students surveyed more than 1,100 people, and about 90 percent of them said they would prefer using the stations’ services to moving into a nursing home. However, there are not enough of these stations, and many are not run very well. The six students came up with a solution after reading more than 60 surveys, interviewing 108 people and visiting 25 different organizations. Their proposal beat out almost 100 others to win the Best Proposal award in 2021. “This experience helps me better understand the importance of caring for old people. Also I see the light and abilities in us,” said Xu Wanqing, one of the students. “Taking part in the China Youth Model CPPCC has been good for students,” agreed their teacher Li Jie. “They’ve developed a sense of caring for old people, as well as got more confidence about themselves since they’ve seen how much they can do for others.” 1．Who wrote the proposal? A．Six students. B．Beijing teachers. C．Government officers. D．Neighbourhood workers. 2．Which of the following is NOT offered by the service stations? A．Friendship. B．Daytime care. C．Medical treatment. D．Cooking service. 3．Why was their proposal special? A．Because it won an award. B．Because it solved all problems. C．Because it closed nursing homes. D．Because it got government funds. 4．How did the students change by writing a proposal? A．They became famous. B．They started a business. C．They worked as volunteers in hospitals. D．They became more confident. 5．What’s the passage mainly about? A．Students’efforts to help the elders. B．The importance of winning awards. C．Problems of old people living alone. D．Ways to build good service stations. 考点5 家国乡土、文化传承类（共5篇） Passage 1 （25-26八年级下·江苏连云港·期末）The Hezhe people, an ethnic (民族的) group in Heilongjiang Province, make a living by fishing and hunting. Though they have their own language, they don’t have any written words. For a very long time, they passed down historical stories and national wisdom by word of mouth. And one of the most amazing sides of the Hezhe ethnic culture is Yimakan. Yimakan is a special singing and storytelling art of the Hezhe people. This art dates from as early as the Jin Dynasty. It covers many themes, including stories about heroes, fishing and hunting life, as well as local traditions. It is usually done by one person. Actors are all great storytellers. They can connect speaking with singing and take the viewers into a magical world almost without any musical instruments (乐器). In the golden age of Yimakan, almost everyone could sing a little. However, this art once nearly became extinct, with only five people able to sing full Yimakan. To protect this art, the government looked for Yimakan actors, and collected over 1,000 hours of materials. Local villagers also helped spread Yimakan storytelling to communities, schools and places of interest. Now, seven centers for the study and practice of Yimakan have been built in Heilongjiang, with the number of Yimakan actors at all levels growing to over 100. Online courses of about 150 hours have been offered to local communities. Many cultural activities about Yimakan are also held during festivals. Thanks to the efforts of all sides, Yimakan has stepped onto the world stage. However, there’s still a lot to do. Let’s protect these cultural treasures together and let the world hear more beautiful voices from China. 1．What can we know about Yimakan from paragraph 2? A．It is usually done in groups. B．It is a special written art form. C．It showed up in the Jin Dynasty. D．It always uses musical instruments. 2．What does the underlined phrase “became extinct” mean? A．Failed to survive. B．Got protected. C．Began to spread. D．Came active. 3．How does the writer show the successful protection of Yimakan? A．By listing facts. B．By telling stories. C．By setting a scene. D．By asking a question. 4．What does the writer aim to do in the last paragraph? A．To present the efforts of all sides. B．To show the history of Yimakan. C．To ask for more protection of Yimakan. D．To share the beauty of Chinese culture. Passage 2 （25-26八年级下·内蒙古巴彦淖尔·期中）The Changjiang River, also known as the Yangtze River, is one of the longest rivers in the world. It is important to the Chinese people and is often called the “mother river”. It is not just a natural wonder—it is also a symbol of the Chinese nation. Nowadays, the Yangtze River National Cultural Park comes into view. How to protect Yangtze River culture and improve cultural confidence is a new task for the places near the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River National Cultural Park, which is also an important “National Park” project, goes across 13 provinces with 841 national-level intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) projects, 465 historical and cultural cities, towns, and villages, as well as 91 national-level museums. It expresses China’s traditional, revolutionary (革命的), and advanced socialist (社会主义先进的) cultures. With over 2,200 years’ history, Jiujiang plays an important part in the Yangtze River National Cultural Park. To protect the Yangtze River culture, Jiujiang creates the “Most Beautiful Yangtze River Bank”. Jiujiang makes it possible that the park not only protects cultural heritage but also further improves the quality (质量)  of people’s life there. The park turns Jiujiang into a place where visitors can learn more about historical stories and enjoy natural beauty. It also helps local communities by creating jobs in tourism. The Yangtze River National Cultural Park project carries great meaning for the Chinese nation. The project is based on (以……为基础)  the rich cultural resources (资源). The Yangtze River National Cultural Park project holds value in many fields such as water resources protection, social development and educational programs for students. It draws a new painting and shows harmony (和谐) between nature, the people and the cities. 1．What is the new task for the places near the Yangtze River? A．Calling on more people to pay a visit to the Yangtze River. B．Setting a good example for other cultural parks in the country. C．Protecting the Yangtze River culture and improving cultural confidence. 2．What’s the purpose of listing numbers in paragraph 3? A．To compare different cultural parks. B．To express the influence (影响) of the project. C．To ask for protecting the environment. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The culture. B．The project. C．The history. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Cultural Development of Jiujiang B．The Long History of the Yangtze River C．The Yangtze River National Cultural Park Passage 3 （25-26八年级下·全国·单元测试）Cultural heritage protection (文化遗产保护) is an important part of “Amazing China”. China has over 40 world cultural heritage sites, and the number is still growing. These sites include ancient buildings, historical ruins, and intangible cultural heritage like Chinese calligraphy and Peking Opera. To protect these treasures, the Chinese government has taken many measures. For example, the Great Wall has been repaired many times since the 1950s. By 2024, over 1,000 kilometers of the Great Wall had been restored. In addition, laws have been made to prevent damage to cultural heritage. Anyone who destroys cultural relics will face legal punishment. People from all walks of life also take part in protection work. Volunteers often help clean historical sites and guide visitors to behave properly. Many young people have been learning traditional crafts, such as paper-cutting and porcelain-making, to pass down these cultural skills. Protecting cultural heritage is not only about preserving the past but also about creating the future. It helps us remember our history and identity. As more people learn about China’s cultural heritage, they will better understand the charm of this amazing country. 1．How many world cultural heritage sites does China have? A．Over 40. B．Over 10,000. C．5. D．1950. 2．What measure has the government taken to protect the Great Wall? A．Made laws to punish destroyers. B．Repaired it many times. C．Asked volunteers to clean it. D．Taught people traditional crafts. 3．Who helps protect cultural heritage besides the government? A．Only volunteers. B．Only young people. C．Only experts. D．People from all walks of life. 4．Why is protecting cultural heritage important? A．It helps make money. B．It helps build high-speed rail. C．It preserves history and identity. D．It prevents people from traveling. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．World Cultural Heritage Sites in China B．Protecting China’s Cultural Heritage C．Traditional Crafts in China D．Volunteers and Cultural Protection Passage 4 （25-26八年级上·全国·单元测试）Yunnan Woodblock Printmaking is a special kind of printmaking. It started in the 1980s. This kind of art shows history, culture and other things in Yunnan, such as the lives of Yi people, Dai people and Miao people, making it much more wonderful and meaningful. The artists use one piece of wood to make a colourful artwork. First, they choose the best wood, and then they need to think of a creative idea about how to make it. Next, they make a draft. After that, they carefully make it better with tools. Finally, when it is painted and printed, it becomes a beautiful and special artwork. Leng Guangmian, an artist, thinks it’s not easy to finish such an artwork. It takes time. But this art is very meaningful. He keeps on making more people know a lot about this art. He even trains farmers in Pu'er and brings the art into schools. He expects his works to show great woodcutting skills, the culture and the life in Pu’er. 1．What’s the right order of making a colourful artwork? ①Paint and print the artwork.  ②Make a draft. ③Choose the best wood.  ④Make it better with tools. A．③—②—①—④ B．③—②—④—① C．④—③——①—② D．④—①—③—② 2．Which of the following is NOT true according to the text? A．The woodblock printmaking only shows the lives of people in Pu'er. B．To make a colourful artwork, one piece of wood is enough. C．Leng Guangmian brings the art into both farms and schools. D．Leng Guangmian is an artist. 3．What does Leng Guangmian think of this art? A．Easy but boring. B．Fun but meaningless. C．Interesting but dangerous. D．Difficult but meaningful. 4．In which part of a Newspaper can we probably read the text? A．Sports. B．Travel. C．Art. D．Food. Passage 5 （23-24八年级下·安徽池州·期末）Nowadays many people look for fun online. Watching livestreaming (直播) shows has become part of their lives. At the same time, traditional culture has found a bigger stage (舞台) online. Many traditional artists are starting to livestream like Douyin and Bilibili. Some of them sing Peking Opera, some make paper cutting, while others perform Chinese classical music. A growing number of young people are starting to become more interested in traditional culture because of livestreaming. Li Jun is a Peking Opera performer from the Shanghai Jingju Theater Company. The 59-year-old took up his smart phone and started livestreaming. Unlike performing on a real stage, Li uses common places as his stage, including his office and study room. Besides singing, Li also teaches viewers (观众) something about Peking Opera. People can ask him questions and get answers directly. “Livestreaming has brought this traditional art down to earth.” One viewer said, “it gives young people an easier way to learn more about the traditional art.” Li has more than 6,000 fans on Douyin, while one of his videos got 42,000 views on Bilibili. On March 26th, 2020, Bilibili livestreamed a huafu show on the third China Huafu Day Performers showed clothes in traditional Chinese styles, including those from Wei, Tang and Ming dynasties. During the show, viewers not only enjoyed looking at the clothes, but also watched how performers used ancient styles of make-up. As Guangming Daily said, livestreaming has come to a new stage through which traditional culture can be kept alive. 1．The writer mentioned Li Jun in order to ________ in Paragraph 2. A．give an example of traditional culture livestreaming B．ask young people to learn from Li Jun C．tell young people to learn Peking Opera D．ask young people to enjoy Li Jun’s livestreaming 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Many traditional artists start to sell traditional objects on Douyin and Bilibili. B．More people have interest in traditional culture with the help of livestreaming. C．Peking Opera performer Li Jun has more than 42,000 fans on Douyin. D．Performers performed Chinese classical music in the Huafu show. 3．Which is the main idea of the passage? A．Livestreaming is getting more and more popular. B．We should help to save the traditional art. C．Livestreaming brings traditional art back to life. D．Traditional art keeps livestreaming alive. 4．Which picture shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 文章讲述了：本文介绍AI在野生动物保护中的三大应用及其局限，说明科技虽强大，但只有与人类行动结合，才能真正保护野生动物。通过“问题—应用—局限—结论”的说明文结构，培养学生获取、整合与评价信息的能力。 For many years, wildlife protection has been a race against time. Elephants are killed for their ivory. Tigers are hunted for their skins. Forests are cut down, and climate change makes life even harder for animals. Poaching remains a serious problem. Rangers work day and night, but they cannot be everywhere. Now, artificial intelligence, or AI, is giving them a powerful new pair of eyes and ears. AI is a kind of computer program that can learn from data. When it is trained with thousands of pictures or sounds, it can recognize patterns and make decisions. In wildlife protection, AI is used in three main ways. First, AI helps stop poaching. In some African national parks, special cameras are fixed to trees. These cameras are connected to AI software. The software can tell the difference between a human, a car and an animal. If it sees a person carrying a gun at night, it sends a warning to rangers’ phones within seconds. In one park, this system helped cut illegal hunting by nearly 30 percent in a year. Second, AI helps scientists track animals. Drones with AI can fly over large areas and take photos. The AI then studies the patterns on a tiger’s skin, an elephant’s ear, or a whale’s tail. These patterns are as unique as a human fingerprint. With this method, scientists can identify each animal and follow its movement without disturbing it. Third, AI can analyze huge amounts of data. For example, it listens to recordings from the forest and picks out the calls of different birds and frogs. This helps scientists know which species are still there. AI can also predict where poachers may go next, so rangers can plan better patrol routes. However, AI is not a magic solution. It costs a lot of money to buy and maintain. Many protected areas are far from cities and have poor internet. AI can also make mistakes, such as mistaking a farmer for a poacher. And some people worry that AI might take away jobs or be used to watch people unfairly. In the end, AI is a powerful tool, but it cannot replace human effort. Rangers still need to patrol, governments need to make strong laws, and local communities need to be involved. Only when technology and people work together can wildlife have a safer future. 1. What can AI cameras do in national parks? A. They can feed wild animals. B. They can tell humans from animals and warn rangers. C. They can catch poachers by themselves. D. They can change the weather in the forest. 2. The underlined word “Poaching” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______. A. protecting wild animals B. studying animal calls C. illegal hunting D. planting trees 3. Why does the author compare animal patterns to “a human fingerprint”? A. To show that animals have fingers. B. To explain how AI identifies each animal. C. To prove that AI can take clear photos. D. To show that fingerprints are important for humans. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. AI is a powerful but limited tool for wildlife protection. B. Poaching is the only problem facing wildlife. C. AI will soon replace rangers in national parks. D. Scientists no longer need to study animals in the wild. 5. What is the author’s attitude towards AI in wildlife protection? A. Doubtful and worried. B. Positive but cautious. C. Completely supportive. D. Uninterested and neutral. 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $