05 优秀品行 2027高考英语主题语境词汇识记与应用

05 优秀品行—2027高考英语主题语境词汇识记与应用 第一部分 词性转换专题 序号 核心词与派生链 语境例句 中文翻译 1 moral adj. 道德的；道义上的 n. 道德教训 → morality n. 道德；道德准则 → morals n. 品行，道德规范 → morally adv. 道德上 The fable teaches us a simple moral: morality matters more than money, and a person of good morals earns lasting respect. 这则寓言教给我们一个朴素的道理：道德比金钱更重要，品行端正的人才能赢得长久的尊重。 2 virtue n. 美德；高尚的品德 → virtuous adj. 品德高尚的 → virtuously adv. 品行端正地 Patience is a virtue, and a virtuous person knows how to wait virtuously for the right moment. 耐心是一种美德，有德行的人懂得品行端正地等待恰当的时机。 3 honest adj. 诚实的，正直的 → honesty n. 诚实，诚信 → honestly adv. 诚实地；老实说 → dishonest adj. 不诚实的 Honestly speaking, honesty is the foundation of any friendship that lasts; a dishonest person will eventually lose everyone's trust. 老实说，诚实是任何一段友谊得以长久的基础；不诚实的人最终会失去所有人的信任。 4 courage n. 勇气，胆量 → courageous adj. 勇敢的 → courageously adv. 勇敢地 → encourage vt. 鼓励 → discourage vt. 使气馁 It took real courage to admit the mistake, and her courageous act encouraged the whole class; she acted courageously without hesitation. 承认错误需要真正的勇气，她勇敢的举动鼓励了全班；她毫不犹豫地勇敢行动。 5 determine vt. 决定；下定决心 → determined adj. 坚定的 → determination n. 决心 → determinately adv. 坚决地 He determined to start again; nothing could shake his determination, and he soon proved himself a determined leader. 他决心重新开始；没有什么能动摇他的决心，他很快证明了自己是一位坚定的领导者。 6 humble adj. 谦逊的 → humility n. 谦逊 → humbly adv. 谦逊地 → humbled adj. 感到谦卑的 Though famous, he remained humble and spoke humbly of his success; his new-found humility won him more admirers. 尽管名声在外，他依然谦逊，谈起成功时言辞谦恭；他新获得的谦逊为他赢得了更多钦佩者。 7 generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的 → generosity n. 慷慨 → generously adv. 慷慨地 He donated generously to the charity, and his generosity moved many others to give as well. 他向慈善机构慷慨解囊，他的慷慨感动了许多人，大家也纷纷伸出援手。 8 adversity n. 逆境，困境 → adverse adj. 不利的 → adversely adv. 不利地 She faced numerous adversities with a smile and never let adverse conditions defeat her; even when circumstances affected her adversely, she persevered. 她微笑着面对接二连三的逆境，从不允许不利的境况击败自己；即使环境对她产生不利影响，她也坚持不懈。 9 rely vi. 依赖，依靠 → reliable adj. 可靠的 → reliance n. 依靠 → self-reliance n. 自力更生 Don't rely on luck; rely on a reliable plan instead, for self-reliance is the key to success. 不要依赖运气；要依靠可靠的计划，因为自力更生才是成功的关键。 10 sincere adj. 真诚的，诚挚的 → sincerity n. 真诚，诚意 → sincerely adv. 真诚地 Please accept my sincere apologies; every word was written with sincerity, and I sincerely regret what happened. 请接受我真诚的道歉；每一个字都出于诚意，我真诚地为所发生的事感到遗憾。 11 apologize vi. 道歉 → apology n. 道歉 → apologetic adj. 满怀歉意的 I apologize for my rudeness; please accept my apology, for I am truly apologetic. 我为我的无礼道歉；请接受我的歉意，我真心感到愧疚。 12 admit vt. 承认；准许进入 → admission n. 承认；入场费；进入许可 He finally admitted that he had broken the window, and his frank admission moved the neighbours. 他最终承认窗户是他打破的，他坦率的承认打动了邻居们。 13 conscience n. 良心，良知 → conscientious adj. 认真的，尽职的 → conscientiously adv. 认真地 His conscience told him to return the wallet, and as a conscientious student he always works conscientiously. 他的良心驱使他归还了钱包；作为一名尽职的学生，他总是认认真真地学习。 14 shame n. 羞耻 → ashamed adj. 羞愧的 → shameful adj. 可耻的 → shameless adj. 无耻的 His shameful behaviour was a lesson to him, and he felt deeply ashamed for weeks; a shameless person, however, never feels such shame. 他可耻的行为给了他一记教训，好几个星期他都深感羞愧；而无耻之徒从不会感到这种羞耻。 15 respect vt. & n. 尊敬 → respectful adj. 恭敬的 → respectable adj. 值得尊敬的 → respective adj. 各自的 We should respect our teachers and remain respectful in class; a respectable teacher earns everyone's respect, and afterwards each of us returned to our respective seats. 我们应当尊敬老师，课堂上保持恭敬；可敬的老师赢得大家的尊敬，之后我们各自回到了自己的座位。 16 benefit n. 益处 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于 → beneficial adj. 有利的 → beneficiary n. 受益者 Acts of kindness benefit both the giver and the receiver; regular self-reflection is beneficial to personal growth, and every beneficiary of generosity should pay it forward. 善举使给予者和接受者都受益；定期的自我反思对个人成长有益，每一个接受慷慨的受益者都应该将善意传递下去。 17 endure vt. 忍受，忍耐 → endurance n. 忍耐力 → endurable adj. 可忍受的 → enduring adj. 持久的 The survivors endured extreme hardship; their endurance was remarkable, and they built enduring friendships through the shared struggle. 幸存者们忍受了极大的艰难；他们的忍耐力令人敬佩，他们在共同的奋斗中建立了持久的友谊。 18 devote vt. 献身于，致力于 → devotion n. 奉献 → devoted adj. 忠诚的，挚爱的 The nurse devoted herself to caring for the elderly; her devotion and devoted efforts touched everyone in the community. 这位护士献身于照顾老人；她的奉献和倾注心血的努力感动了社区里的每一个人。 19 responsible adj. 负责的 → responsibility n. 责任 → responsibly adv. 负责地 → irresponsible adj. 不负责任的 Burchill admitted responsibility for the damage he had indirectly caused and acted responsibly by writing an apology letter; being irresponsible only makes things worse. Burchill承认了自己间接造成的损失的责任，并通过写道歉信负责任地行事；不负责任只会让事情更糟。 20 suffer vi. & vt. 遭受；忍受 → suffering n. 痛苦 → sufferer n. 受苦者 People who suffer from chronic stress may experience both physical and mental suffering; every sufferer deserves compassion and support. 长期承受压力的人可能会经历身心两方面的痛苦；每一位受苦者都值得同情和支持。 第二部分 语块化词汇·短语 （一）美德品行核心名词 单词/短语 词性 释义 常用搭配（含语料） integrity n. 诚信，正直；完整 a person of integrity 正直的人； academic integrity 学术诚信； personal integrity 个人操守 values n. 价值观念，价值观 core values 核心价值观；traditional values 传统价值观；family values 家庭价值观 dilemma n. 困境，进退两难 face a moral dilemma 面临道德困境； be in a dilemma 左右为难 principle n. 原则，准则；原理 stick to one's principles 坚持原则；moral principles 道德原则；against one's principles 违背某人的原则 dignity n. 尊严，庄严 with dignity 有尊严地；human dignity 人的尊严；lose one's dignity 失去尊严 reputation n. 名誉，声望 have a reputation for honesty 以诚实著称；earn a good reputation 赢得声誉； damage one's reputation 损害名誉 deed n. 行为，事迹 do a good deed 做好事；a heroic deed 英雄事迹；evil deeds 恶行 conduct n. 行为，举止 rules of conduct 行为准则；good conduct 良好品行；professional conduct 职业操守 manners n. 礼貌，礼仪 good manners 有礼貌；table manners 餐桌礼仪；mind your manners 注意礼貌 upbringing n. 养育，教养 a strict upbringing 严格的教养；receive a good upbringing 受到良好的教养 核心短语：a sense of right and wrong 是非观｜moral compass 道德指南针｜be of good character 品行良好｜stand up for what is right 为正确的事挺身而出 （二）诚实守信与责任担当 单词/短语 词性 释义 常用搭配（含语料） trust vt. & n. 信任，信赖 trust sb. with sth. 把某事托付给某人；build trust 建立信任； mutual trust 相互信任 promise n. & vt. 承诺，许诺 make a promise 作出承诺；keep a promise 信守承诺； break a promise 违背承诺 keep one's word phr. 守信，说话算数 He always keeps his word. 他总是说话算数。 tell the truth phr. 说实话，讲真话 tell the whole truth 说出全部真相； to tell the truth 说实话 white lie n. 善意的谎言 tell a white lie 说善意的谎言 cheat vi. & vt. 作弊；欺骗 cheat in the exam 考试作弊；cheat sb. out of sth. 骗取某人的东西；cheat sb. into doing sth. 骗某人做某事 duty n. 责任，义务 a sense of duty 责任感； on duty 值班； do one's duty 履行职责 obligation n. 义务，职责 fulfil an obligation 履行义务； a moral obligation 道义上的责任 commitment n. 承诺，投入 make a commitment 作出承诺； a sense of commitment 责任感 take the blame phr. 承担责任，受过 take the blame for the failure 为失败承担责任 own up to phr. 坦白承认，认错 own up to one's mistake 承认自己的错误 answer for phr. 对……负责 answer for one's actions 对自己的行为负责 核心短语：take responsibility for 为……承担责任｜shoulder the responsibility 承担责任｜be accountable for 对……负责｜honesty and responsibility go hand in hand 诚实与责任密不可分 （三）勇敢坚韧与面对逆境 单词/短语 词性 释义 常用搭配（含语料） hardship n. 艰难，困苦 endure hardship 忍受艰难；economic hardship 经济困难 setback n. 挫折，阻碍 suffer a setback 遭受挫折；a temporary setback 暂时的挫折 misfortune n. 不幸，灾祸 suffer misfortune 遭受不幸；a sudden misfortune 突如其来的不幸 withstand vt. 承受，顶住；经受住 withstand pressure 顶住压力； withstand the test of time 经受住时间的考验 resilience n. 韧性，适应力 show great resilience 表现出极大的韧性；emotional resilience 心理韧性 willpower n. 意志力，毅力 her willpower bore fruit 她的意志力结出了硕果 rise to the occasion phr. 随机应变，应对自如 The rescue team rose to the occasion in the emergency. 救援队在紧急情况下应对自如。 pull through phr. （大病后）康复；渡过难关 pull through the crisis 渡过危机 turn over a new leaf phr. 改过自新，重新开始 turn over a new leaf after the mistake 犯错后改过自新 in the face of danger phr. 面对危险 act calmly in the face of danger 面对危险镇定自若 hold out one's arms phr. 伸出双臂 hold out his arms to catch the child 伸出双臂接住孩子（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷） make the catch of the year phr. 完成年度最佳一接 Henry made the catch of the year. 亨利完成了年度最佳一接。（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷） 核心短语：against all odds 尽管困难重重｜push through difficulties 克服困难｜never give up on oneself 永不放弃自己｜rise above adversity 超越逆境 （四）善良助人与无私精神 单词/短语 词性 释义 常用搭配（含语料） selfless adj. 无私的，忘我的 a selfless act 无私之举； selfless love 无私的爱 warm-hearted adj. 热心的，慈爱的 a warm-hearted neighbour 热心的邻居 compassion n. 同情，怜悯 show compassion for 对……表示同情；with compassion 怀着同情心 charity n. 慈善；慈善机构 raise money for charity 为慈善筹款； a charity organisation 慈善组织 donate vt. 捐赠，捐献 donate blood 献血； donate to the school 向学校捐赠 do one's bit phr. 尽自己的一份力量 Everyone should do their bit. 每个人都应尽一份力。 pay it forward phr. 将善意传递下去 pay the kindness forward 将善意传递下去 cross-country race phr. 越野赛 compete in a cross-country race 参加越野赛（ competitor n. 参赛者；对手 help a fellow competitor 帮助同伴选手 finish line phr. 终点线 carry sb. across the finish line 背某人冲过终点线 medical attention phr. 医疗救助 get medical attention 获得医疗救助（ display of human kindness phr. 人性善良的展现 the display of human kindness won the day 人性善良的展现赢得了那天的胜利 核心短语：lend a hand to those in need 向需要帮助的人伸出援手｜make a difference in someone's life 改变某人的生活｜go out of one's way to help 不辞辛劳地帮助｜care for others 关心他人 （五）谦逊自律与榜样传承 单词/短语 词性 释义 常用搭配（含语料） arrogant adj. 傲慢的，自大的 an arrogant manner 傲慢的态度 conceited adj. 自负的，骄傲自满的 be conceited about 对……妄自尊大 boast vi. & vt. 吹嘘，自夸 boast about / of sth. 吹嘘某事； boast that... 夸口说…… show off phr. 炫耀，卖弄 show off one's new phone 炫耀新手机 swallow one's pride phr. 放下自尊，收敛傲气 swallow one's pride and apologize 放下自尊去道歉 down-to-earth adj. 务实的，脚踏实地的 a down-to-earth attitude 务实的态度 keep a low profile phr. 保持低调，不张扬 keep a low profile after success 成功后保持低调 role model n. 榜样，模范 a role model for teenagers 青少年的榜样 set a good example phr. 树立好榜样 set a good example for the children 为孩子树立榜样 lead by example phr. 以身作则 Leaders should lead by example. 领导应当以身作则。 follow in one's footsteps phr. 继承某人的事业 follow in his father's footsteps 继承父业 legacy n. 遗产；遗留 leave a lasting legacy 留下深远的影响；a legacy of hope 希望的传承 inherit vt. 继承，沿袭 inherit the family tradition 继承家庭传统 carry forward phr. 继承并发扬 carry forward the spirit of... 发扬……的精神 核心短语：stay grounded 保持脚踏实地｜remain humble despite success 成功后保持谦逊｜learn from one's mistakes 从错误中学习｜live by one's values 按自己的价值观生活 （六）真题话题词汇精选 单词/短语 词性 释义 常用搭配（含语料） bore fruit phr. 奏效，取得成果 That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated with honors. 当珍妮弗以优异成绩毕业时，她的意志力结出了硕果。 first-generation graduate n. 第一代大学生 a first-generation graduate 家族中第一位大学生 graduate with honors phr. 以优异成绩毕业 she graduated with honors 她以优异成绩毕业 lifelike adj. 栩栩如生的，逼真的 paintings almost lifelike 几乎栩栩如生的画作 be reduced to tears phr. 感动得落泪 be reduced to tears by the scenery 被景色感动得落泪 speechless adj. 说不出话的，哑口无言的 be left speechless 惊讶得说不出话来 legendary adj. 传说中的，传奇的 the legendary artist 那位传奇画家 work ethic n. 职业道德，敬业精神 build work ethic in kids 培养孩子的劳动品质 make excuses phr. 找借口，推托 get out of housework by making excuses 找借口逃避家务 internalise vt. 使内化，融入内心 kids internalise the lesson 孩子将道理内化于心 seagull n. 海鸥 a flock of seagulls 一群海鸥 lifetime ban n. 终身禁令 reconsider my lifetime ban 重新考虑对我的终身禁令 blacklisted adj. 被列入黑名单的 get sb. blacklisted at a hotel 使某人被一家酒店列入黑名单 hat in hand phr. 谦卑地，低声下气地 come to sb. hat in hand 谦卑地来找某人 mature vi. 成熟 I have matured and I admit responsibility. 我已经成熟了，我承认责任。 balcony n. 阳台 hang from a sixth-floor balcony 挂在六楼阳台上 fence n. 围栏 jump over a 1.2-metre fence 翻越1.2米高的围栏 be admitted to phr. 被……录取 be admitted to a university 被大学录取 核心短语：a heart of gold 一颗金子般的心｜a helping hand 援手｜acts of kindness 善举｜go viral 走红｜deep-rooted values 根深蒂固的价值观 第三部分 话题句型 序号 英文句型 中文翻译 出处/话题 1 Neither won the race, but the display of human kindness won the day. 两人都没能赢得比赛，但人性善良的展现赢得了那天的胜利。 2023·新课标Ⅰ卷 完形 2 When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony, Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the falling child. 看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上，亨利跑了100米，跳过1.2米高的围栏，伸出双臂接住了那个正在坠落的孩子。 2022·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空 3 I come to you, hat in hand, to apologize for the damage I had indirectly caused. 我谦卑地前来，为我间接造成的损害道歉。 2021·全国甲卷 完形 4 In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike. 中国古代有一位画家，他的画作几乎栩栩如生。 2020·全国Ⅲ卷 语法填空 5 My imaginary “Grandma's Box” worked like magic that spring. 那个想象中的“奶奶的盒子”在那个春天创造了奇迹。 2020·新高考Ⅱ卷 B 6 Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. 为了追求获得护理学位的目标，珍妮弗·莫尔需要比普通大学生更坚强的意志力。 2020·新高考Ⅰ卷 B 7 That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated with honors and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree. 当珍妮弗以优异成绩毕业、成为大家庭中第一个获得学士学位的人时，她的意志力结出了硕果。 2020·新高考Ⅰ卷 B，改写 8 When the tasks become as routine as brushing teeth, kids internalise that helping with housework is simply part of life. 当家务变得像刷牙一样寻常，孩子们就会把分担家务视为生活中理所当然的一部分。 2026·全国二卷 七选五 9 It is in the face of adversity that our true courage shows itself. 正是在逆境之中，我们真正的勇气才得以显现。 人教选必三 U4 10 However harsh the adversity may be, it can never defeat a person who refuses to give up. 无论逆境多么严酷，它都永远击不倒一个不肯放弃的人。 人教选必三 U4 11 Honesty and responsibility go hand in hand, for those who answer for their actions earn the trust of others. 诚实与责任密不可分，因为能为自己的行为负责的人才能赢得他人的信任。 译林选必四 U1 12 Never too old to learn, we should keep setting small, achievable goals and carry forward the spirit of lifelong learning. 活到老，学到老——我们应当不断设定小而可行的目标，发扬终身学习的精神。 译林选必四 U4 13 The more hardships we endure with determination, the stronger our resilience becomes. 我们以决心经受的困苦越多，我们的韧性就越强。 外研选必一 U2 14 Looking forwards, the good habits we build today are setting us up for a lifetime of resilience and satisfaction. 展望未来，我们今天养成的好习惯将为我们带来一生的韧性与满足。 外研选必四 U1 15 Only by setting a good example can we inspire those around us to become the best version of themselves. 只有树立好榜样，我们才能激励身边的人成为最好的自己。 北师大选必一 U2 词句基础练 习题一：中译英 1. ____________ (诚实) is the foundation of any friendship that lasts; a person who always ____________ (守信) will never let you down. 2. It took great ____________ (勇气) to admit the mistake in front of the whole class, and his ____________ (勇敢的) act ____________ (激励) us to be honest too. 3. She faced every ____________ (挫折) with a smile and showed remarkable ____________ (韧性) ____________ (在……面前) adversity. 4. The old artist was finally ____________ (被折服) by Mother Nature; he ____________ (谦逊地) admitted that his paintings could never match the beauty of nature. 5. He finally ____________ (承认) that he had broken the window and ____________ (道歉) sincerely; his ____________ (真诚的) apology touched the neighbours. 6. We should learn from our grandparents' ____________ (美德) and ____________ (传承) their spirit of diligence and selflessness. 7. A ____________ (可靠的) friend always ____________ (守信) and never lets you down; you can ____________ (依赖) him in times of difficulty. 8. Her ____________ (无私的) act of donating blood set a good ____________ (榜样) for us all; we should all ____________ (尽自己的一份力量) for our community. 9. Every art lover in the town knew the ____________ (传奇的) painter whose works were almost ____________ (栩栩如生的), leaving viewers ____________ (说不出话的). 10. Never ____________ (吹嘘) about your success; stay ____________ (谦虚的) and ____________ (保持低调) even after achieving great things. 11. With strong ____________ (意志力), she ____________ (渡过难关) and ____________ (以优异成绩毕业), becoming the first in her family to earn a degree. 12. Don't ____________ (找借口) for your mistakes; learn to ____________ (坦白承认) them and ____________ (承担责任) for your actions. 13. He ____________ (放下自尊) and apologized, which showed his ____________ (真诚的) and ____________ (谦逊的) character. 14. ____________ (逆境) reveals true courage; it is ____________ (决心) and ____________ (毅力) that turn failure into a new beginning. 15. ____________ (尊重) is mutual; a ____________ (值得尊敬的) person treats everyone with ____________ (礼貌) and ____________ (同情心). 习题二：单句语法填空 1. His ____________ behaviour was a lesson to him, and he felt deeply ____________for weeks; such ____________ was hard to bear. (shame) 2. It took ____________ to save the child, and the young man acted ____________; his ____________ made him a local hero. (courage) 3. She thanked him ____________for his help, and everyone could feel the ____________ in her voice; she spoke ____________ (sincere). 4. ____________ speaking, telling the truth takes ____________, so try to answer ____________ even when it is hard. (honest) 5. He was ____________to turn over a new leaf, and nothing could shake his ____________; he marched forward ____________ (determine). 6. The old artist was finally ____________ by Mother Nature; he bowed his head and spoke ____________ of his own talent, and his ____________ won him more admirers. (humble) 7. We were deeply moved by his ____________; he donated ____________ and expected nothing in return. (generous) 8. It is ____________of you to ____________ the needs of the elderly; your ____________ is appreciated. (consider) 9. You can ____________ on a ____________friend, for healthy ____________is also a virtue; a person who is ____________ is someone you can trust. (rely) 10. He ____________ sincerely for the delay and wrote a letter of ____________to his teacher, whose ______________reply eased his mind. (apologize) 11. Schools should teach students ____________ values and help them build strong ____________; a person without ____________can never earn lasting ____________ respect. (moral) 12. His ____________bothered him after he told a lie; a ____________ student always finishes his homework ____________ (conscience). 13. A ____________ smile can change someone's day, and she treats everyone with ____________; her ____________ nature is what makes her so beloved. (kind) 14. He refused to ____________ that he was wrong until he read the letter, and his later ____________surprised everyone; his ___________of guilt was the first step to growth. (admit) 15. We should show __________ for our parents and remain _________in our words; a __________person acts with dignity, and each of us returned to our ___________ seats. (respect) 习题三：选词填空 第1组 keep one's word make excuses take the blame own up to answer for do one's bit set a good example turn over a new leaf keep a low profile swallow one's prid 1. A trustworthy friend always ____________, even when it is inconvenient. 2. Don't ____________ for being late; your teacher prefers the truth. 3. Though the mistake was the team's, the captain decided to ____________. 4. He was brave enough to ____________ his error in front of the whole class. 5. One day you will have to ____________ your careless words. 6. Parents should ____________ if they expect their children to work hard. 7. After the accident, he ____________ and devoted himself to helping others. 8. In the face of disaster, we should all ____________ for our community. 9. Even after winning the gold medal, the athlete chose to ____________ and train even harder. 10. Sometimes you have to ____________ and admit that you were wrong. 第2组 rise to the occasion pull through in the face of endure withstand hardship setback resilience compassion selfless 1. The rescue team ____________ in the emergency and saved three lives. 2. With the help of the doctors, the patient finally ____________. 3. ____________ danger, the firefighter thought of nothing but saving the child. 4. She had to ____________ great pain after the operation, but she never complained. 5. True friendship can ____________ the test of time. 6. The family experienced serious financial ____________ during those difficult years. 7. Losing the first match was only a temporary ____________ for the young team. 8. The survivors showed amazing ____________ in rebuilding their homes. 9. The nurse treated every patient with ____________ and a warm smile. 10. Their ____________ act of adopting the orphan touched the whole village. 语篇拔高练 Passage A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Thankfulness, often 1 (consider) a simple virtue, plays a far more important role in our daily lives than we might expect. It is not just about saying “thank you” 2 (polite); rather, it is a deep sense of appreciation that shapes our characters and relationships. First of all, thankfulness helps us develop a strong moral principle. When we feel grateful 3 what others have done for us, we naturally show kindness and respect in return. This positive cycle strengthens our sense of 4 (responsible) towards family, friends, and even strangers. For example, a student 5   appreciates his teacher’s hard work is more likely to 6 (response) actively in class and struggle less with self-discipline. Moreover, practising thankfulness can carry us through difficult times. When we face pressure or despair, focusing on what we already have, instead of complaining about what we lack, 7 (bring) us energy and hope. It is a precious quality that makes us more flexible and 8 (energy) in dealing with daily challenges. Finally, thankfulness encourages us 9 (value) every small act of kindness. A warm smile, a helping hand, or a few words of encouragement, all deserve our honest appreciation. In this way, thankfulness is not a passive feeling but 10 active choice. By choosing to be thankful, we not only brighten others’ days but also enrich our own lives with joy and integrity. Passage B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves; likewise, a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behavior. As middle school students, we have understood the importance of responsibility and should take our studies 1 (serious). This means meeting deadlines for our school work, following our teachers’ 2 (guide), and always aiming for academic excellence. 3 we are at fault in our daily life, we should be ready to admit our mistakes. This way, we can practice the virtue of courage and become a person of integrity. Apart from personal development, assuming responsibility for our actions is also important. Society is 59. 4 organic whole, and as social beings, we should stick to our 5 (principle) and try to make a contribution. You may have heard of the story of a small boy saving starfish on the beach. He was not 6 (discourage) though the passers-by told him that it was not worthwhile to do so. You may also have heard of Huang Danian, the geophysicist, 7 practiced core socialist values. Being a respected expert in the UK, Huang wanted to help advance science in China. He 8 (resign) his post and returned. Huang made substantial contributions, which helped discover valuable mineral resources and bring China’s knowledge and technology in this area alongside the world’s 9 (fine). There are many others who are willing to bear the heavy burden of responsibility and devote themselves to 10 (work) for the good of their countries. They serve as good models for all of us. Passage C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Any community is composed of 1 (individual). Naturally, it matters a great deal to our communities that we have a sense of responsibility towards them. People living in the same area should 2 (consider) a group under a duty to create a comfortable living environment for the whole community. Reaching this goal 3 (require) a sense of responsibility among all residents, which encourages them to start 4 small steps, such as to avoid making excessive noise that disturbs their neighbors. Moreover, a sense of collective responsibility among us students contributes to a warm and friendly atmosphere, 5 we respect and help each other. It will 6 (ultimate) be constructive to our academic and moral progress. After we graduate from college and get 7 (employ). We will find ourselves in a new community made up of colleagues. A sense of community responsibility, also 8 (know) as team spirit in the workplace, will be the key to forming 9 united group towards a common goal in close cooperation with each other. In conclusion, a sense of community responsibility is worth developing 10 it plays a significant role in living, learning and working. Passage D 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The spirit of Chinese craftsmanship dates back to Lu Ban, the legendary Spring and Autumn carpenter. Throughout his career, his innovations, from the saw to complex wooden structures, 1 (embody) careful attention to detail and respect for materials. Lu Ban’s legacy wasn’t just in tools; it was in his belief that mastery comes from patience, practice, and continuous improvement. Even today, his principles are still referenced by artisans seeking 2 (uphold) the highest standards of their trade. Today, this spirit endures in artisans like Wang Jin, 3 Palace Museum clock restorer who has spent 40 years reviving 200-year-old timepieces. He dedicates months 4 cleaning and repairing each delicate gear, work that blends scientific precision with artistic sensitivity, honoring the past while breathing new life into history. Now many of these restored treasures 5 (display) in the museum, 6 they are admired by visitors from around the world. In modern industries, this spirit drives excellence too. China’s high-speed rail network, with trains 7 (reach) 350 km/h, relies on engineers crafting every component with unwavering precision. 8 (similar), aerospace scientists behind the Tianwen-1 Mars mission demonstrate this 9 (commit), ensuring every system meets strict safety standards. From ancient workshops to cutting-edge labs, this spirit remains a cornerstone of Chinese culture — a reminder 10 true success lies in dedication, integrity, and the pursuit of perfection. Passage E 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In villages across China, over 130,000 skilled craftsmen are devoted to preserving ancient traditions, which gradually fade away in modern society. People like Zhang Wennian, a 58 -year-old brush maker from Anhui, 1 (spend) decades mastering their art to date. 2 (support) by national policies, these craftsmen are now emerging 3 critical cultural bridges. They connect their local communities to new opportunities and even to the world. Zhang’s craft involves making Xuan writing brushes, 4 tradition over 2,000 years old. The most difficult step is called the “water basin”, 5 he carefully selects fine hairs in water. No machine can do this precise work. In Gansu, Ma Junxiang perfects traditional “Eight Bowls” recipes, while in Sichuan, Yang Wenyi creates new designs with ancient string knots (绳结). These skills may seem simple at first glance, 6 behind them lie years of persistent practice. Each craftsman shows a deep 7 (commit) to their unique skill. Their work now brings real benefits to their villages. Zhang’s brush factory provides local farmers with jobs and materials they are in need of 8 (improve) their living conditions. Yang’s knot art has traveled to international events in Monaco and South Korea. He also helped turn his village into a tourist spot, 9 (create) jobs in restaurants and homestays. These craftsmen prove that traditional skills can connect local heritage with the wider world and build a 10 (bright) future. As more people learn to appreciate these arts, China’s cultural treasures will continue to shine brightly. Passage F 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yang Yongchao runs his fingers over a vase, whose surface shines in shades of purple and blue, like a sunset 1 (reflect) gracefully in water. “This one will go to London,” he says with a smile. Yang grew up in a small Henan town famous for Jun porcelain (钧瓷). 2 (remarkable), he chose this career path himself at a time when most young people sought careers in cities. “In my childhood, watching my father work 3 (draw) me in,” Yang recalls. Childhood curiosity gradually evolved 4 a lifelong career. Yet mastering the craft is no simple task. 55 fascinates him most is how the fire transforms the glaze (釉) into something unexpected. This very fascination has carried him through countless failures. His 5 (pursue) of the perfect post-rain blue took over a hundred attempts before finally succeeding. Such dedication also creates connections beyond languages. Yang once guided 6 American collector in shaping a vase. To the collector’s delight, it emerged from the kiln (窑) with a rare purple. That vase still sits on her desk, and she never tires of sending him 7 (photo) captured from every possible angle. Yang has authored a book and teaches international students, thus 8 (spread) this Chinese craft globally. When asked about the secret, he says, “It’s not just skill, 9 a conversation with the clay, the fire, and anyone who holds the piece. That is the real magic of Jun porcelain.” Passage G 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An about 2-meter-wide lane called Liuchixiang in Anhui, East China, regularly attracts floods of visitors. Behind it 1 (lie) an ancient story which vividly explains the essence of mutual respect, a virtue that is widely valued in China. During the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), Zhang Ying, a minister of Emperor Kangxi, received a letter from his family. They 2 (tell) him that they had quarreled with their neighbours, the Wu family, about the wall between their two properties and both refused to give in   3 each other. Zhang’s family wrote the letter hoping that Zhang Ying could force Wu 4 (follow) their demands. However, Zhang replied with a poem, 5 (urge) his family to let go of anger and disagreement. It was the bond they shared with their neighbours 6 mattered because the wall was just a temporary structure. These simple 7 (line) worked magic. Rather than preparing for conflict, the Zhang family moved their wall back by about three feet from the boundary. The next day, however, came 8 even greater surprise: the Wu family, deeply inspired by the generous act, began moving their wall back three feet as well. This is the origin of Liuchixiang, an about 6-foot-wide lane, 9 children now can play happily and neighbors can meet. It stands not just as a tourist attraction but also as a timeless 10 (remind) that small acts of mutual consideration can make a huge difference. Passage H 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the ancient Shuowen Dictionary, trust is defined as a combination of sincerity and reliability, 1 (emphasize) the importance of keeping one’s word. This concept was 2 (deep) valued in ancient China, with many proverbs highlighting the significance of integrity in personal and professional relationships. CaoCao, the 3 (rule) of the Wei state during the Three Kingdoms period, embodied (体现) this spirit of trustworthiness, which played a crucial role in his ability 4 (draw) numerous heroes to his side. During the Three Kingdoms era, a time 5 (mark) by division and conflict among the states of Wei, Shu, and Wu, loyalty was a prized yet rare commodity (商品). Cao Cao’s relationship 6 Guan Yu shows his understanding of trust and respect as foundational 7 (element) of leadership. After capturing Xu Province, Cao Cao encountered Guan Yu. Guan Yu’s surrender (投降) to Cao Cao, under the condition 8 he would leave once he learned of Liu Bei’s whereabouts, presented 9 unique challenge. Cao Cao’s acceptance of these terms, and his subsequent efforts to win over Guan Yu, demonstrate a strategic approach to leadership that 10 (value) talent and honours personal loyalty. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 05 优秀品行—2027高考英语主题语境词汇识记与应用 第一部分 词性转换专题 序号 核心词与派生链 语境例句 中文翻译 1 moral adj. 道德的；道义上的 n. 道德教训 → morality n. 道德；道德准则 → morals n. 品行，道德规范 → morally adv. 道德上 The fable teaches us a simple moral: morality matters more than money, and a person of good morals earns lasting respect. 这则寓言教给我们一个朴素的道理：道德比金钱更重要，品行端正的人才能赢得长久的尊重。 2 virtue n. 美德；高尚的品德 → virtuous adj. 品德高尚的 → virtuously adv. 品行端正地 Patience is a virtue, and a virtuous person knows how to wait virtuously for the right moment. 耐心是一种美德，有德行的人懂得品行端正地等待恰当的时机。 3 honest adj. 诚实的，正直的 → honesty n. 诚实，诚信 → honestly adv. 诚实地；老实说 → dishonest adj. 不诚实的 Honestly speaking, honesty is the foundation of any friendship that lasts; a dishonest person will eventually lose everyone's trust. 老实说，诚实是任何一段友谊得以长久的基础；不诚实的人最终会失去所有人的信任。 4 courage n. 勇气，胆量 → courageous adj. 勇敢的 → courageously adv. 勇敢地 → encourage vt. 鼓励 → discourage vt. 使气馁 It took real courage to admit the mistake, and her courageous act encouraged the whole class; she acted courageously without hesitation. 承认错误需要真正的勇气，她勇敢的举动鼓励了全班；她毫不犹豫地勇敢行动。 5 determine vt. 决定；下定决心 → determined adj. 坚定的 → determination n. 决心 → determinately adv. 坚决地 He determined to start again; nothing could shake his determination, and he soon proved himself a determined leader. 他决心重新开始；没有什么能动摇他的决心，他很快证明了自己是一位坚定的领导者。 6 humble adj. 谦逊的 → humility n. 谦逊 → humbly adv. 谦逊地 → humbled adj. 感到谦卑的 Though famous, he remained humble and spoke humbly of his success; his new-found humility won him more admirers. 尽管名声在外，他依然谦逊，谈起成功时言辞谦恭；他新获得的谦逊为他赢得了更多钦佩者。 7 generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的 → generosity n. 慷慨 → generously adv. 慷慨地 He donated generously to the charity, and his generosity moved many others to give as well. 他向慈善机构慷慨解囊，他的慷慨感动了许多人，大家也纷纷伸出援手。 8 adversity n. 逆境，困境 → adverse adj. 不利的 → adversely adv. 不利地 She faced numerous adversities with a smile and never let adverse conditions defeat her; even when circumstances affected her adversely, she persevered. 她微笑着面对接二连三的逆境，从不允许不利的境况击败自己；即使环境对她产生不利影响，她也坚持不懈。 9 rely vi. 依赖，依靠 → reliable adj. 可靠的 → reliance n. 依靠 → self-reliance n. 自力更生 Don't rely on luck; rely on a reliable plan instead, for self-reliance is the key to success. 不要依赖运气；要依靠可靠的计划，因为自力更生才是成功的关键。 10 sincere adj. 真诚的，诚挚的 → sincerity n. 真诚，诚意 → sincerely adv. 真诚地 Please accept my sincere apologies; every word was written with sincerity, and I sincerely regret what happened. 请接受我真诚的道歉；每一个字都出于诚意，我真诚地为所发生的事感到遗憾。 11 apologize vi. 道歉 → apology n. 道歉 → apologetic adj. 满怀歉意的 I apologize for my rudeness; please accept my apology, for I am truly apologetic. 我为我的无礼道歉；请接受我的歉意，我真心感到愧疚。 12 admit vt. 承认；准许进入 → admission n. 承认；入场费；进入许可 He finally admitted that he had broken the window, and his frank admission moved the neighbours. 他最终承认窗户是他打破的，他坦率的承认打动了邻居们。 13 conscience n. 良心，良知 → conscientious adj. 认真的，尽职的 → conscientiously adv. 认真地 His conscience told him to return the wallet, and as a conscientious student he always works conscientiously. 他的良心驱使他归还了钱包；作为一名尽职的学生，他总是认认真真地学习。 14 shame n. 羞耻 → ashamed adj. 羞愧的 → shameful adj. 可耻的 → shameless adj. 无耻的 His shameful behaviour was a lesson to him, and he felt deeply ashamed for weeks; a shameless person, however, never feels such shame. 他可耻的行为给了他一记教训，好几个星期他都深感羞愧；而无耻之徒从不会感到这种羞耻。 15 respect vt. & n. 尊敬 → respectful adj. 恭敬的 → respectable adj. 值得尊敬的 → respective adj. 各自的 We should respect our teachers and remain respectful in class; a respectable teacher earns everyone's respect, and afterwards each of us returned to our respective seats. 我们应当尊敬老师，课堂上保持恭敬；可敬的老师赢得大家的尊敬，之后我们各自回到了自己的座位。 16 benefit n. 益处 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于 → beneficial adj. 有利的 → beneficiary n. 受益者 Acts of kindness benefit both the giver and the receiver; regular self-reflection is beneficial to personal growth, and every beneficiary of generosity should pay it forward. 善举使给予者和接受者都受益；定期的自我反思对个人成长有益，每一个接受慷慨的受益者都应该将善意传递下去。 17 endure vt. 忍受，忍耐 → endurance n. 忍耐力 → endurable adj. 可忍受的 → enduring adj. 持久的 The survivors endured extreme hardship; their endurance was remarkable, and they built enduring friendships through the shared struggle. 幸存者们忍受了极大的艰难；他们的忍耐力令人敬佩，他们在共同的奋斗中建立了持久的友谊。 18 devote vt. 献身于，致力于 → devotion n. 奉献 → devoted adj. 忠诚的，挚爱的 The nurse devoted herself to caring for the elderly; her devotion and devoted efforts touched everyone in the community. 这位护士献身于照顾老人；她的奉献和倾注心血的努力感动了社区里的每一个人。 19 responsible adj. 负责的 → responsibility n. 责任 → responsibly adv. 负责地 → irresponsible adj. 不负责任的 Burchill admitted responsibility for the damage he had indirectly caused and acted responsibly by writing an apology letter; being irresponsible only makes things worse. Burchill承认了自己间接造成的损失的责任，并通过写道歉信负责任地行事；不负责任只会让事情更糟。 20 suffer vi. & vt. 遭受；忍受 → suffering n. 痛苦 → sufferer n. 受苦者 People who suffer from chronic stress may experience both physical and mental suffering; every sufferer deserves compassion and support. 长期承受压力的人可能会经历身心两方面的痛苦；每一位受苦者都值得同情和支持。 第二部分 语块化词汇·短语 （一）美德品行核心名词 单词/短语 词性 释义 常用搭配（含语料） integrity n. 诚信，正直；完整 a person of integrity 正直的人； academic integrity 学术诚信； personal integrity 个人操守 values n. 价值观念，价值观 core values 核心价值观；traditional values 传统价值观；family values 家庭价值观 dilemma n. 困境，进退两难 face a moral dilemma 面临道德困境； be in a dilemma 左右为难 principle n. 原则，准则；原理 stick to one's principles 坚持原则；moral principles 道德原则；against one's principles 违背某人的原则 dignity n. 尊严，庄严 with dignity 有尊严地；human dignity 人的尊严；lose one's dignity 失去尊严 reputation n. 名誉，声望 have a reputation for honesty 以诚实著称；earn a good reputation 赢得声誉； damage one's reputation 损害名誉 deed n. 行为，事迹 do a good deed 做好事；a heroic deed 英雄事迹；evil deeds 恶行 conduct n. 行为，举止 rules of conduct 行为准则；good conduct 良好品行；professional conduct 职业操守 manners n. 礼貌，礼仪 good manners 有礼貌；table manners 餐桌礼仪；mind your manners 注意礼貌 upbringing n. 养育，教养 a strict upbringing 严格的教养；receive a good upbringing 受到良好的教养 核心短语：a sense of right and wrong 是非观｜moral compass 道德指南针｜be of good character 品行良好｜stand up for what is right 为正确的事挺身而出 （二）诚实守信与责任担当 单词/短语 词性 释义 常用搭配（含语料） trust vt. & n. 信任，信赖 trust sb. with sth. 把某事托付给某人；build trust 建立信任； mutual trust 相互信任 promise n. & vt. 承诺，许诺 make a promise 作出承诺；keep a promise 信守承诺； break a promise 违背承诺 keep one's word phr. 守信，说话算数 He always keeps his word. 他总是说话算数。 tell the truth phr. 说实话，讲真话 tell the whole truth 说出全部真相； to tell the truth 说实话 white lie n. 善意的谎言 tell a white lie 说善意的谎言 cheat vi. & vt. 作弊；欺骗 cheat in the exam 考试作弊；cheat sb. out of sth. 骗取某人的东西；cheat sb. into doing sth. 骗某人做某事 duty n. 责任，义务 a sense of duty 责任感； on duty 值班； do one's duty 履行职责 obligation n. 义务，职责 fulfil an obligation 履行义务； a moral obligation 道义上的责任 commitment n. 承诺，投入 make a commitment 作出承诺； a sense of commitment 责任感 take the blame phr. 承担责任，受过 take the blame for the failure 为失败承担责任 own up to phr. 坦白承认，认错 own up to one's mistake 承认自己的错误 answer for phr. 对……负责 answer for one's actions 对自己的行为负责 核心短语：take responsibility for 为……承担责任｜shoulder the responsibility 承担责任｜be accountable for 对……负责｜honesty and responsibility go hand in hand 诚实与责任密不可分 （三）勇敢坚韧与面对逆境 单词/短语 词性 释义 常用搭配（含语料） hardship n. 艰难，困苦 endure hardship 忍受艰难；economic hardship 经济困难 setback n. 挫折，阻碍 suffer a setback 遭受挫折；a temporary setback 暂时的挫折 misfortune n. 不幸，灾祸 suffer misfortune 遭受不幸；a sudden misfortune 突如其来的不幸 withstand vt. 承受，顶住；经受住 withstand pressure 顶住压力； withstand the test of time 经受住时间的考验 resilience n. 韧性，适应力 show great resilience 表现出极大的韧性；emotional resilience 心理韧性 willpower n. 意志力，毅力 her willpower bore fruit 她的意志力结出了硕果 rise to the occasion phr. 随机应变，应对自如 The rescue team rose to the occasion in the emergency. 救援队在紧急情况下应对自如。 pull through phr. （大病后）康复；渡过难关 pull through the crisis 渡过危机 turn over a new leaf phr. 改过自新，重新开始 turn over a new leaf after the mistake 犯错后改过自新 in the face of danger phr. 面对危险 act calmly in the face of danger 面对危险镇定自若 hold out one's arms phr. 伸出双臂 hold out his arms to catch the child 伸出双臂接住孩子（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷） make the catch of the year phr. 完成年度最佳一接 Henry made the catch of the year. 亨利完成了年度最佳一接。（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷） 核心短语：against all odds 尽管困难重重｜push through difficulties 克服困难｜never give up on oneself 永不放弃自己｜rise above adversity 超越逆境 （四）善良助人与无私精神 单词/短语 词性 释义 常用搭配（含语料） selfless adj. 无私的，忘我的 a selfless act 无私之举； selfless love 无私的爱 warm-hearted adj. 热心的，慈爱的 a warm-hearted neighbour 热心的邻居 compassion n. 同情，怜悯 show compassion for 对……表示同情；with compassion 怀着同情心 charity n. 慈善；慈善机构 raise money for charity 为慈善筹款； a charity organisation 慈善组织 donate vt. 捐赠，捐献 donate blood 献血； donate to the school 向学校捐赠 do one's bit phr. 尽自己的一份力量 Everyone should do their bit. 每个人都应尽一份力。 pay it forward phr. 将善意传递下去 pay the kindness forward 将善意传递下去 cross-country race phr. 越野赛 compete in a cross-country race 参加越野赛（ competitor n. 参赛者；对手 help a fellow competitor 帮助同伴选手 finish line phr. 终点线 carry sb. across the finish line 背某人冲过终点线 medical attention phr. 医疗救助 get medical attention 获得医疗救助（ display of human kindness phr. 人性善良的展现 the display of human kindness won the day 人性善良的展现赢得了那天的胜利 核心短语：lend a hand to those in need 向需要帮助的人伸出援手｜make a difference in someone's life 改变某人的生活｜go out of one's way to help 不辞辛劳地帮助｜care for others 关心他人 （五）谦逊自律与榜样传承 单词/短语 词性 释义 常用搭配（含语料） arrogant adj. 傲慢的，自大的 an arrogant manner 傲慢的态度 conceited adj. 自负的，骄傲自满的 be conceited about 对……妄自尊大 boast vi. & vt. 吹嘘，自夸 boast about / of sth. 吹嘘某事； boast that... 夸口说…… show off phr. 炫耀，卖弄 show off one's new phone 炫耀新手机 swallow one's pride phr. 放下自尊，收敛傲气 swallow one's pride and apologize 放下自尊去道歉 down-to-earth adj. 务实的，脚踏实地的 a down-to-earth attitude 务实的态度 keep a low profile phr. 保持低调，不张扬 keep a low profile after success 成功后保持低调 role model n. 榜样，模范 a role model for teenagers 青少年的榜样 set a good example phr. 树立好榜样 set a good example for the children 为孩子树立榜样 lead by example phr. 以身作则 Leaders should lead by example. 领导应当以身作则。 follow in one's footsteps phr. 继承某人的事业 follow in his father's footsteps 继承父业 legacy n. 遗产；遗留 leave a lasting legacy 留下深远的影响；a legacy of hope 希望的传承 inherit vt. 继承，沿袭 inherit the family tradition 继承家庭传统 carry forward phr. 继承并发扬 carry forward the spirit of... 发扬……的精神 核心短语：stay grounded 保持脚踏实地｜remain humble despite success 成功后保持谦逊｜learn from one's mistakes 从错误中学习｜live by one's values 按自己的价值观生活 （六）真题话题词汇精选 单词/短语 词性 释义 常用搭配（含语料） bore fruit phr. 奏效，取得成果 That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated with honors. 当珍妮弗以优异成绩毕业时，她的意志力结出了硕果。 first-generation graduate n. 第一代大学生 a first-generation graduate 家族中第一位大学生 graduate with honors phr. 以优异成绩毕业 she graduated with honors 她以优异成绩毕业 lifelike adj. 栩栩如生的，逼真的 paintings almost lifelike 几乎栩栩如生的画作 be reduced to tears phr. 感动得落泪 be reduced to tears by the scenery 被景色感动得落泪 speechless adj. 说不出话的，哑口无言的 be left speechless 惊讶得说不出话来 legendary adj. 传说中的，传奇的 the legendary artist 那位传奇画家 work ethic n. 职业道德，敬业精神 build work ethic in kids 培养孩子的劳动品质 make excuses phr. 找借口，推托 get out of housework by making excuses 找借口逃避家务 internalise vt. 使内化，融入内心 kids internalise the lesson 孩子将道理内化于心 seagull n. 海鸥 a flock of seagulls 一群海鸥 lifetime ban n. 终身禁令 reconsider my lifetime ban 重新考虑对我的终身禁令 blacklisted adj. 被列入黑名单的 get sb. blacklisted at a hotel 使某人被一家酒店列入黑名单 hat in hand phr. 谦卑地，低声下气地 come to sb. hat in hand 谦卑地来找某人 mature vi. 成熟 I have matured and I admit responsibility. 我已经成熟了，我承认责任。 balcony n. 阳台 hang from a sixth-floor balcony 挂在六楼阳台上 fence n. 围栏 jump over a 1.2-metre fence 翻越1.2米高的围栏 be admitted to phr. 被……录取 be admitted to a university 被大学录取 核心短语：a heart of gold 一颗金子般的心｜a helping hand 援手｜acts of kindness 善举｜go viral 走红｜deep-rooted values 根深蒂固的价值观 第三部分 话题句型 序号 英文句型 中文翻译 出处/话题 1 Neither won the race, but the display of human kindness won the day. 两人都没能赢得比赛，但人性善良的展现赢得了那天的胜利。 2023·新课标Ⅰ卷 完形 2 When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony, Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the falling child. 看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上，亨利跑了100米，跳过1.2米高的围栏，伸出双臂接住了那个正在坠落的孩子。 2022·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空 3 I come to you, hat in hand, to apologize for the damage I had indirectly caused. 我谦卑地前来，为我间接造成的损害道歉。 2021·全国甲卷 完形 4 In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike. 中国古代有一位画家，他的画作几乎栩栩如生。 2020·全国Ⅲ卷 语法填空 5 My imaginary “Grandma's Box” worked like magic that spring. 那个想象中的“奶奶的盒子”在那个春天创造了奇迹。 2020·新高考Ⅱ卷 B 6 Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. 为了追求获得护理学位的目标，珍妮弗·莫尔需要比普通大学生更坚强的意志力。 2020·新高考Ⅰ卷 B 7 That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated with honors and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree. 当珍妮弗以优异成绩毕业、成为大家庭中第一个获得学士学位的人时，她的意志力结出了硕果。 2020·新高考Ⅰ卷 B，改写 8 When the tasks become as routine as brushing teeth, kids internalise that helping with housework is simply part of life. 当家务变得像刷牙一样寻常，孩子们就会把分担家务视为生活中理所当然的一部分。 2026·全国二卷 七选五 9 It is in the face of adversity that our true courage shows itself. 正是在逆境之中，我们真正的勇气才得以显现。 人教选必三 U4 10 However harsh the adversity may be, it can never defeat a person who refuses to give up. 无论逆境多么严酷，它都永远击不倒一个不肯放弃的人。 人教选必三 U4 11 Honesty and responsibility go hand in hand, for those who answer for their actions earn the trust of others. 诚实与责任密不可分，因为能为自己的行为负责的人才能赢得他人的信任。 译林选必四 U1 12 Never too old to learn, we should keep setting small, achievable goals and carry forward the spirit of lifelong learning. 活到老，学到老——我们应当不断设定小而可行的目标，发扬终身学习的精神。 译林选必四 U4 13 The more hardships we endure with determination, the stronger our resilience becomes. 我们以决心经受的困苦越多，我们的韧性就越强。 外研选必一 U2 14 Looking forwards, the good habits we build today are setting us up for a lifetime of resilience and satisfaction. 展望未来，我们今天养成的好习惯将为我们带来一生的韧性与满足。 外研选必四 U1 15 Only by setting a good example can we inspire those around us to become the best version of themselves. 只有树立好榜样，我们才能激励身边的人成为最好的自己。 北师大选必一 U2 词句基础练 习题一：中译英 1. ____________ (诚实) is the foundation of any friendship that lasts; a person who always ____________ (守信) will never let you down. 2. It took great ____________ (勇气) to admit the mistake in front of the whole class, and his ____________ (勇敢的) act ____________ (激励) us to be honest too. 3. She faced every ____________ (挫折) with a smile and showed remarkable ____________ (韧性) ____________ (在……面前) adversity. 4. The old artist was finally ____________ (被折服) by Mother Nature; he ____________ (谦逊地) admitted that his paintings could never match the beauty of nature. 5. He finally ____________ (承认) that he had broken the window and ____________ (道歉) sincerely; his ____________ (真诚的) apology touched the neighbours. 6. We should learn from our grandparents' ____________ (美德) and ____________ (传承) their spirit of diligence and selflessness. 7. A ____________ (可靠的) friend always ____________ (守信) and never lets you down; you can ____________ (依赖) him in times of difficulty. 8. Her ____________ (无私的) act of donating blood set a good ____________ (榜样) for us all; we should all ____________ (尽自己的一份力量) for our community. 9. Every art lover in the town knew the ____________ (传奇的) painter whose works were almost ____________ (栩栩如生的), leaving viewers ____________ (说不出话的). 10. Never ____________ (吹嘘) about your success; stay ____________ (谦虚的) and ____________ (保持低调) even after achieving great things. 11. With strong ____________ (意志力), she ____________ (渡过难关) and ____________ (以优异成绩毕业), becoming the first in her family to earn a degree. 12. Don't ____________ (找借口) for your mistakes; learn to ____________ (坦白承认) them and ____________ (承担责任) for your actions. 13. He ____________ (放下自尊) and apologized, which showed his ____________ (真诚的) and ____________ (谦逊的) character. 14. ____________ (逆境) reveals true courage; it is ____________ (决心) and ____________ (毅力) that turn failure into a new beginning. 15. ____________ (尊重) is mutual; a ____________ (值得尊敬的) person treats everyone with ____________ (礼貌) and ____________ (同情心). 参考答案：1. Honesty; keeps his word 2. courage; courageous; inspired 3. setback; resilience; in the face of 4. humbled; humbly 5. admitted; apologized; sincere 6. virtues; carry forward 7. reliable; keeps his word; rely on 8. selfless; example; do our bit 9. legendary; lifelike; speechless 10. boast; modest; keep a low profile 11. willpower; pulled through; graduated with honors 12. make excuses; own up to; take responsibility 13. swallowed his pride; sincerity; humble 14. Adversity; determination; perseverance 15. Respect; respectable; manners; compassion 习题二：单句语法填空 1. His ____________ behaviour was a lesson to him, and he felt deeply ____________for weeks; such ____________ was hard to bear. (shame) 2. It took ____________ to save the child, and the young man acted ____________; his ____________ made him a local hero. (courage) 3. She thanked him ____________for his help, and everyone could feel the ____________ in her voice; she spoke ____________ (sincere). 4. ____________ speaking, telling the truth takes ____________, so try to answer ____________ even when it is hard. (honest) 5. He was ____________to turn over a new leaf, and nothing could shake his ____________; he marched forward ____________ (determine). 6. The old artist was finally ____________ by Mother Nature; he bowed his head and spoke ____________ of his own talent, and his ____________ won him more admirers. (humble) 7. We were deeply moved by his ____________; he donated ____________ and expected nothing in return. (generous) 8. It is ____________of you to ____________ the needs of the elderly; your ____________ is appreciated. (consider) 9. You can ____________ on a ____________friend, for healthy ____________is also a virtue; a person who is ____________ is someone you can trust. (rely) 10. He ____________ sincerely for the delay and wrote a letter of ____________to his teacher, whose ______________reply eased his mind. (apologize) 11. Schools should teach students ____________ values and help them build strong ____________; a person without ____________can never earn lasting ____________ respect. (moral) 12. His ____________bothered him after he told a lie; a ____________ student always finishes his homework ____________ (conscience). 13. A ____________ smile can change someone's day, and she treats everyone with ____________; her ____________ nature is what makes her so beloved. (kind) 14. He refused to ____________ that he was wrong until he read the letter, and his later ____________surprised everyone; his ___________of guilt was the first step to growth. (admit) 15. We should show __________ for our parents and remain _________in our words; a __________person acts with dignity, and each of us returned to our ___________ seats. (respect) 参考答案：1.shameful; ashamed; shame 2. courage; bravely; bravery 3. sincerely; sincerity; sincerely 4. Honestly; honesty; honestly 5. determined; determination; determinately 6. humbled; humbly; humility 7. generosity; generously 8. considerate; consider; consideration 9. rely; reliable; reliance; reliable 10. apologized; apology; apologetic 11. moral; morality; morals; moral 12. conscience; conscientious; conscientiously 13. kind; kindness; kind 14. admit; admission; admission 15. respect; respectful; respectable; respective 习题三：选词填空 第1组 keep one's word make excuses take the blame own up to answer for do one's bit set a good example turn over a new leaf keep a low profile swallow one's prid 1. A trustworthy friend always ____________, even when it is inconvenient. 2. Don't ____________ for being late; your teacher prefers the truth. 3. Though the mistake was the team's, the captain decided to ____________. 4. He was brave enough to ____________ his error in front of the whole class. 5. One day you will have to ____________ your careless words. 6. Parents should ____________ if they expect their children to work hard. 7. After the accident, he ____________ and devoted himself to helping others. 8. In the face of disaster, we should all ____________ for our community. 9. Even after winning the gold medal, the athlete chose to ____________ and train even harder. 10. Sometimes you have to ____________ and admit that you were wrong. 参考答案：1. keeps his word 2. make excuses 3. take the blame 4. own up to 5. answer for 6. set a good example 7. turned over a new leaf 8. do our bit 9. keep a low profile 10. swallow your pride 第2组 rise to the occasion pull through in the face of endure withstand hardship setback resilience compassion selfless 1. The rescue team ____________ in the emergency and saved three lives. 2. With the help of the doctors, the patient finally ____________. 3. ____________ danger, the firefighter thought of nothing but saving the child. 4. She had to ____________ great pain after the operation, but she never complained. 5. True friendship can ____________ the test of time. 6. The family experienced serious financial ____________ during those difficult years. 7. Losing the first match was only a temporary ____________ for the young team. 8. The survivors showed amazing ____________ in rebuilding their homes. 9. The nurse treated every patient with ____________ and a warm smile. 10. Their ____________ act of adopting the orphan touched the whole village. 参考答案：1. rose to the occasion 2. pulled through 3. In the face of 4. endure 5. withstand 6. hardship 7. setback 8. resilience 9. compassion 10. selfless 语篇拔高练 Passage A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Thankfulness, often 1 (consider) a simple virtue, plays a far more important role in our daily lives than we might expect. It is not just about saying “thank you” 2 (polite); rather, it is a deep sense of appreciation that shapes our characters and relationships. First of all, thankfulness helps us develop a strong moral principle. When we feel grateful 3 what others have done for us, we naturally show kindness and respect in return. This positive cycle strengthens our sense of 4 (responsible) towards family, friends, and even strangers. For example, a student 5   appreciates his teacher’s hard work is more likely to 6 (response) actively in class and struggle less with self-discipline. Moreover, practising thankfulness can carry us through difficult times. When we face pressure or despair, focusing on what we already have, instead of complaining about what we lack, 7 (bring) us energy and hope. It is a precious quality that makes us more flexible and 8 (energy) in dealing with daily challenges. Finally, thankfulness encourages us 9 (value) every small act of kindness. A warm smile, a helping hand, or a few words of encouragement, all deserve our honest appreciation. In this way, thankfulness is not a passive feeling but 10 active choice. By choosing to be thankful, we not only brighten others’ days but also enrich our own lives with joy and integrity. 【答案】 1．considered 2．politely 3．for 4．responsibility 5．who/that 6．respond 7．brings 8．energetic 9．to value 10．an 【导语】文章论述了感恩作为一种美德的重要作用，它能培养道德原则、帮助我们度过困难时期，并鼓励我们珍视每一个善举。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：感恩，通常被认为是一种简单的美德，在我们的日常生活中扮演着比我们预期更为重要的角色。此处作后置定语，consider(认为)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语Thankfulness之间是被动关系，应用过去分词considered表被动。 1．考查副词。句意：它不仅仅是礼貌地说“谢谢”；它是一种深刻的感激之情，塑造了我们的品格和人际关系。提示词polite(礼貌的)在句中修饰动词saying，应用副词形式politely(礼貌地)作状语。 2．考查介词。句意：当我们对他人的帮助心怀感激时，我们自然会回报以善意和尊重。grateful for为固定搭配，意为“对……感激”。 3．考查名词。句意：这种积极的循环增强了我们对家庭、朋友甚至陌生人的责任感。提示词responsible(负责的)作介词of后宾语，用名词形式为responsibility(责任)，sense of responsibility固定短语，含义为“责任感”。 4．考查定语从句。句意：例如，一个感激老师辛勤工作的学生更有可能在课堂上积极参与，并且在自律方面更少挣扎。此处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词A student，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导该从句。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。be likely to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“有可能做某事”，用动词形式respond构成不定式to respond。 6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我们面对压力或绝望时，关注我们已经拥有的东西，而不是抱怨我们缺少的，会给我们带来能量和希望。bring(带来)是谓语动词，与主语“focusing on what we already have”之间是主动关系；句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式brings。 7．考查形容词。句意：它是一种宝贵的品质，使我们在应对日常挑战时更加灵活和精力充沛。提示词和形容词flexible并列，也应用形容词形式energetic(精力充沛的)，作宾语补足语。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，感恩鼓励我们珍视每一个小小的善举。encourage sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，用不定式to value作宾语补足语。 9．考查冠词。句意：通过这种方式，感恩不是一种被动的感觉，而是一种主动的选择。choice为可数名词单数，此处表示“一种主动的选择”，泛指，且active发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an修饰。 Passage B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves; likewise, a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behavior. As middle school students, we have understood the importance of responsibility and should take our studies 1 (serious). This means meeting deadlines for our school work, following our teachers’ 2 (guide), and always aiming for academic excellence. 3 we are at fault in our daily life, we should be ready to admit our mistakes. This way, we can practice the virtue of courage and become a person of integrity. Apart from personal development, assuming responsibility for our actions is also important. Society is 59. 4 organic whole, and as social beings, we should stick to our 5 (principle) and try to make a contribution. You may have heard of the story of a small boy saving starfish on the beach. He was not 6 (discourage) though the passers-by told him that it was not worthwhile to do so. You may also have heard of Huang Danian, the geophysicist, 7 practiced core socialist values. Being a respected expert in the UK, Huang wanted to help advance science in China. He 8 (resign) his post and returned. Huang made substantial contributions, which helped discover valuable mineral resources and bring China’s knowledge and technology in this area alongside the world’s 9 (fine). There are many others who are willing to bear the heavy burden of responsibility and devote themselves to 10 (work) for the good of their countries. They serve as good models for all of us. 【答案】 1．seriously 2．guidance 3．If/When 4．an 5．principles 6．discouraged 7．who 8．resigned 9．finest 10．working 【导语】本文是议论文。文章阐述了作为中学生，应该认真对待学校，要负责任，为社会做出贡献，并讲述了黄大年为国家做贡献的例子。 1．考查副词。句意：作为中学生，我们已经明白了责任的重要性，应该认真对待我们的学习。用副词修饰动词take作状语，表示“认真对待”，故填 seriously。 2．考查名词。句意： 这意味着我们要按时完成学校的作业，听从老师的指导，并始终以学术卓越为目标。名词所有格修饰名词，作宾语，需要名词形式表“指导”，故填 guidance。 3．考查连词。句意：当我们在日常生活中犯了错误时，我们应该准备好承认错误。此处用when引导时间状语从句或者用if引导条件状语从句，符合语境，故填When/If。 4．考查冠词。句意：一个有机整体，作为社会人，我们应该坚持自己的原则，努力做出贡献。此处泛指，表示 “一个有机整体” ，且organic以元音音素开头，故用an 修饰，故填 an。 5．考查名词。句意同上。此处需要名词复数形式作宾语，表示不止一个原则，故填 principles。 6．考查语态。句意：虽然过路人告诉他这样做不值得，但他并不气馁。 discourage作谓语，与主语he是被动关系，空前有was not，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故填 discouraged。 7．考查定语从句。句意：大家可能也听说过地球物理学家黄大年，他践行着社会主义核心价值观。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Huang Danian，从句作主语，需用 who。故填who。 8．考查时态。句意：他辞职回来了。And连接并列谓语resign和returned， 表示过去的动作 “辞职” ，用过去式 resigned。故填resigned。 9．考查形容词最高级。句意：黄做出了重大贡献，帮助发现了宝贵的矿产资源，并将中国在这一领域的知识和技术与世界上最好的技术并举。根据句意和空前的定冠词可知，表示最高级，故用形容词最高级作定语，故填 finest。 10．考查动名词。句意：还有许多人愿意承担沉重的责任，为了国家的利益而献身于工作。devote oneself to 是固定搭配，to 是介词，后接动名词-ing形式作宾语，填 working。 Passage C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Any community is composed of 1 (individual). Naturally, it matters a great deal to our communities that we have a sense of responsibility towards them. People living in the same area should 2 (consider) a group under a duty to create a comfortable living environment for the whole community. Reaching this goal 3 (require) a sense of responsibility among all residents, which encourages them to start 4 small steps, such as to avoid making excessive noise that disturbs their neighbors. Moreover, a sense of collective responsibility among us students contributes to a warm and friendly atmosphere, 5 we respect and help each other. It will 6 (ultimate) be constructive to our academic and moral progress. After we graduate from college and get 7 (employ). We will find ourselves in a new community made up of colleagues. A sense of community responsibility, also 8 (know) as team spirit in the workplace, will be the key to forming 9 united group towards a common goal in close cooperation with each other. In conclusion, a sense of community responsibility is worth developing 10 it plays a significant role in living, learning and working. 【答案】 1．individuals 2．be considered 3．requires 4．with/from 5．where 6．ultimately 7．employed 8．known 9．a 10．because/since/as/for 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章从多个角度阐述了社会责任感、集体责任感的重要性，并给如何培养集体责任感提出了几个建议。 1．考查名词。句意：任何一个集体都是由个体构成的。individual意为“个体、个人”，是可数名词。结合句意可知，一个集体之中有多个个体，故需要用复数形式。故填individuals。 2．考查语态。句意：生活在同一地区的人们应该被视为一个群体，有责任为整个社区创造一个舒适的生活环境。根据句意可知，人们是“被视为”，故应用被动语态，且前文有should，故空处应该用be done的形式。故填be considered。 3．考查主谓一致。句意：实现这一目标需要所有居民的责任感，这鼓励他们从小的步骤开始，比如避免制造过度的噪音打扰邻居。根据前文“reaching this goal”是动名词短语作主语，陈述客观事实，故谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填requires。 4．考查介词。句意同上。固定用法start with/from意为“从……开始”，符合句意。故填with/from。 5．考查定语从句。句意：此外，我们学生的集体责任感有助于营造一种温暖友好的氛围，在这里我们互相尊重和帮助。分析句子成分可知，friendly atmosphere是先行词，定语从句“____5____ we respect and help each other.”中不缺主干成分和定语，表示“在这种氛围中”关系副词where。故填where。 6．考查副词。句意：它终将对我们的学术和道德进步具有建设性。故该空应填副词作状语修饰整个句子。提示词ultimate的副词形式为ultimately。故填ultimately。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：在我们从大学毕业并找到工作之后。固定用法get+过去分词表示“被……”，其中get和be动词可以互换。get employed表示“被雇佣”，符合句意。故填employed。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：社区责任感，也称为工作场所的团队精神，将是形成一个团结的团队，相互密切合作的共同目标的关键。分析句子成分可知，谓语为“will be”，所以空处需要填非谓语的形式。be know as为固定短语意为“亦称为、别名”，符合句意，此处省略be用过去分词作后置定语。故填known。 9．考查冠词。句意：社区责任感，也称为工作场所的团队精神，将是形成一个团结的团队，相互密切合作的共同目标的关键。结合句意可知，后文的“united group”为泛指，表示 “形成一个团结的群体”，故需要填不定冠词，且united的发音是辅音音素开头。故填a。 10．考查状语从句。总之，社区责任感是值得培养的，因为它在生活、学习和工作中扮演着重要的角色。根据上下文可以得知，后句为前句的原因，表示“因为”用because/since/as/for引导从句。故填because/since/as/for。 Passage D 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The spirit of Chinese craftsmanship dates back to Lu Ban, the legendary Spring and Autumn carpenter. Throughout his career, his innovations, from the saw to complex wooden structures, 1 (embody) careful attention to detail and respect for materials. Lu Ban’s legacy wasn’t just in tools; it was in his belief that mastery comes from patience, practice, and continuous improvement. Even today, his principles are still referenced by artisans seeking 2 (uphold) the highest standards of their trade. Today, this spirit endures in artisans like Wang Jin, 3 Palace Museum clock restorer who has spent 40 years reviving 200-year-old timepieces. He dedicates months 4 cleaning and repairing each delicate gear, work that blends scientific precision with artistic sensitivity, honoring the past while breathing new life into history. Now many of these restored treasures 5 (display) in the museum, 6 they are admired by visitors from around the world. In modern industries, this spirit drives excellence too. China’s high-speed rail network, with trains 7 (reach) 350 km/h, relies on engineers crafting every component with unwavering precision. 8 (similar), aerospace scientists behind the Tianwen-1 Mars mission demonstrate this 9 (commit), ensuring every system meets strict safety standards. From ancient workshops to cutting-edge labs, this spirit remains a cornerstone of Chinese culture — a reminder 10 true success lies in dedication, integrity, and the pursuit of perfection. 【答案】 1．embodied 2．to uphold 3．a 4．to 5．are displayed 6．where 7．reaching 8．Similarly 9．commitment 10．that 【导语】文章主要讲述中国工匠精神从古代鲁班传承至今并在现代各领域延续发扬。 【详解】 1．考查动词时态。句意：在他整个职业生涯中，他从锯子到复杂的木制结构的创新都体现了对细节的关注和了对材料的尊重。根据“Throughout his career”可知，句子时态应用一般过去时，空格处谓语动词embody“体现”使用过去式embodied。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：即使在今天，寻求坚持行业最高标准的工匠们仍然参考他的原则。seek to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“设法做某事”，uphold“支持，维持”使用动词不定式形式作宾语。 3．考查冠词。句意：今天，这种精神在故宫钟表修复师王津等工匠身上得以延续，他花了40年时间修复有200年历史的钟表。此处表泛指，Palace Museum发音以辅音音素开头，填入不定冠词a。 4．考查介词。句意：他花数月时间清洁和修理每一个精细齿轮，这项工作融合了科学精确性和艺术敏感性，既致敬过去又为历史注入新生命。dedicate time to doing sth.为固定搭配“花时间去做某事”。 5．考查动词时态和语态。句意：现在许多修复后的珍宝在博物馆展出，供世界各地游客欣赏。many of these restored treasures与display为被动关系，且描述现状，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，填入are displayed。 6．考查定语从句。句意同上。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the museum，且在从句中作地点状语，用where引导该从句。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国高铁网络列车时速可达350公里，依靠工程师以坚定精准打造每个部件。空格处是with的复合结构，trains与reach为主动关系，用现在分词reaching作宾语补足语。 8．考查副词。句意：同样，天问一号火星任务的航天科学家也展现了这种坚守，确保每个系统符合严格安全标准。修饰整个句子用副词Similarly“相似地，同样”，句首单词首字母大写。 9．考查名词。句意同上。demonstrate后接名词commitment，表示“奉献、投入”，作宾语。 10．考查同位语从句。句意：这一精神始终是中国文化的基石——提醒人们真正的成功在于奉献、诚信和对完美的追求。a reminder后接同位语从句，解释说明reminder的具体内容，从句句意完整不缺成分，用that引导。 Passage E 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In villages across China, over 130,000 skilled craftsmen are devoted to preserving ancient traditions, which gradually fade away in modern society. People like Zhang Wennian, a 58 -year-old brush maker from Anhui, 1 (spend) decades mastering their art to date. 2 (support) by national policies, these craftsmen are now emerging 3 critical cultural bridges. They connect their local communities to new opportunities and even to the world. Zhang’s craft involves making Xuan writing brushes, 4 tradition over 2,000 years old. The most difficult step is called the “water basin”, 5 he carefully selects fine hairs in water. No machine can do this precise work. In Gansu, Ma Junxiang perfects traditional “Eight Bowls” recipes, while in Sichuan, Yang Wenyi creates new designs with ancient string knots (绳结). These skills may seem simple at first glance, 6 behind them lie years of persistent practice. Each craftsman shows a deep 7 (commit) to their unique skill. Their work now brings real benefits to their villages. Zhang’s brush factory provides local farmers with jobs and materials they are in need of 8 (improve) their living conditions. Yang’s knot art has traveled to international events in Monaco and South Korea. He also helped turn his village into a tourist spot, 9 (create) jobs in restaurants and homestays. These craftsmen prove that traditional skills can connect local heritage with the wider world and build a 10 (bright) future. As more people learn to appreciate these arts, China’s cultural treasures will continue to shine brightly. 【答案】 1．have spent 2．Supported 3．as 4．a 5．where 6．but 7．commitment 8．to improve 9．creating 10．brighter 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国乡村中超过13万名技艺精湛的工匠致力于传承在现代社会逐渐消逝的古老传统。 【详解】 1．考查动词时态。句意：像58岁的安徽毛笔制作匠张文年这样的人，到目前为止已经花了几十年时间掌握他们的技艺。“to date”意思是“到目前为止”，是现在完成时的标志词。现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，其结构是“have/has +过去分词”。此句主语“People”是复数形式，所以用“have spent”。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：在国家政策的支持下，这些工匠如今正成为至关重要的文化桥梁。“are emerging”是句子的谓语，所以“support”要用非谓语形式。“these craftsmen”（这些工匠）和“support”（支持）之间是被动关系，即工匠是被国家政策支持的，所以用过去分词“Supported”作状语，表示被动，置于句首首字母大写。 3．考查介词。句意：在国家政策的支持下，这些工匠如今正成为至关重要的文化桥梁。“emerge as”是固定短语，意思是“作为……出现；成为”，这里表示工匠成为了关键的文化桥梁，所以用介词“as”。 4．考查冠词。句意：张的手艺是制作宣笔，这是一项有2000多年历史的传统技艺。这里“tradition”指的是制作宣笔这一项传统技艺，是泛指，且“tradition”以辅音音素开头，根据不定冠词的使用规则，辅音音素前用“a”，所以填“a”。 5．考查定语从句。句意：最困难的步骤叫做“水盆”，在这一步中他在水中仔细挑选好的毛发。“________ he carefully selects fine hairs in water”是一个非限制性定语从句，用来修饰先行词“the “water basin””。在这个定语从句中，“the “water basin””在从句里充当地点状语，即“在‘水盆’这个步骤中”，所以用关系副词“where”引导定语从句。 6．考查连词。句意：这些技艺乍一看可能很简单，但在它们背后是多年的坚持不懈的练习。前半句说技艺看似简单，后半句指出背后是多年练习，前后形成转折关系，所以用连词“but”，表示“但是”。 7．考查名词。句意：每个工匠都对自己独特的技艺表现出深深的投入。根据前面的“a deep”可知，这里需要一个名词，“commit”是动词，其名词形式“commitment”表示“投入；承诺”，在这里作“shows”（表现出）的宾语，且由“a”可知用单数形式。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：张的毛笔厂为当地农民提供他们所需的工作和材料以此来改善生活条件。这里用动词不定式“to improve”作目的状语，表示提供工作和材料的目的是为了改善农民的生活条件。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：他还帮助把他的村庄变成了一个旅游景点，为餐馆和民宿创造了就业机会。“helped”是句子的谓语动词，所以“create”要用非谓语形式。村庄成为景点创造了就业机会，所以用现在分词“creating”作结果状语。 10．考查形容词比较级。句意：这些工匠证明，传统技艺可以将当地遗产与更广阔的世界联系起来，建设一个更光明的未来。根据语境，这里表示和现在相比，传统技艺能创造一个更光明的未来，所以用形容词比较级“brighter”，修饰名词“future”。 Passage F 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yang Yongchao runs his fingers over a vase, whose surface shines in shades of purple and blue, like a sunset 1 (reflect) gracefully in water. “This one will go to London,” he says with a smile. Yang grew up in a small Henan town famous for Jun porcelain (钧瓷). 2 (remarkable), he chose this career path himself at a time when most young people sought careers in cities. “In my childhood, watching my father work 3 (draw) me in,” Yang recalls. Childhood curiosity gradually evolved 4 a lifelong career. Yet mastering the craft is no simple task. 55 fascinates him most is how the fire transforms the glaze (釉) into something unexpected. This very fascination has carried him through countless failures. His 5 (pursue) of the perfect post-rain blue took over a hundred attempts before finally succeeding. Such dedication also creates connections beyond languages. Yang once guided 6 American collector in shaping a vase. To the collector’s delight, it emerged from the kiln (窑) with a rare purple. That vase still sits on her desk, and she never tires of sending him 7 (photo) captured from every possible angle. Yang has authored a book and teaches international students, thus 8 (spread) this Chinese craft globally. When asked about the secret, he says, “It’s not just skill, 9 a conversation with the clay, the fire, and anyone who holds the piece. That is the real magic of Jun porcelain.” 【答案】 1．reflected 2．Remarkably 3．drew 4．into 5．What 6．pursuit 7．an 8．photos 9．spreading 10．but 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了河南小镇的钧瓷匠人杨永超如何通过自己的努力和热爱，将钧瓷艺术推向世界的故事。 【详解】 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：杨永超的手指划过一个花瓶，花瓶表面闪烁着紫色和蓝色的光泽，就像夕阳优雅地映在水面上。“(reflect) gracefully in water”作后置定语，reflect(映出，照出)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语a sunset之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填reflected。 2．考查副词。句意：值得注意的是，在大多数年轻人都到城市寻找职业的时候，他自己选择了这条职业道路。提示词修饰整个句子，应用副词形式remarkably作状语，意为“值得注意的是”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Remarkably。 3．考查时态。句意：“在我的童年时代，看着父亲工作吸引了我，”杨回忆道。draw(吸引)是谓语动词，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时态。故填drew。 4．考查介词。句意：童年的好奇心逐渐演变成了一生的职业。evolve into是固定短语，意为“逐渐演变成”。故填into。 5．考查主语从句。句意：最让他着迷的是火焰如何将釉料变成意想不到的东西。“____ fascinates him most”是主语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“……的东西”，应用连接代词what引导该从句；句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 6．考查名词。句意：他对完美的雨后蓝色的追求，在最终成功之前，已经尝试了一百多次。提示词作主语，应用pursue的名词形式pursuit，意为“追求”，不可数名词。故填pursuit。 7．考查冠词。句意：杨曾指导一位美国收藏家制作花瓶。collector是可数名词单数，此处泛指“一位美国收藏家”，且American发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 8．考查名词复数。句意：那个花瓶仍然放在她的书桌上，她不知疲倦地从各个角度给他发照片。可数名词photo作宾语，由“from every possible angle”可知，不止一张照片，应用复数形式。故填photos。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：杨写了一本书并教授国际学生，从而将这项中国工艺传播到全球。“(spread) this Chinese craft globally”作结果状语，spread(传播)用非谓语动词形式，表示自然而然的结果，应用的现在分词形式。故填spreading。 10．考查连词。句意：他说：“这不仅仅是技巧，而是与粘土、火焰以及任何拿着这件作品的人进行对话。这才是钧瓷的真正魔力所在。”“not...but...”是复合连词，固定搭配，意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。 Passage G 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An about 2-meter-wide lane called Liuchixiang in Anhui, East China, regularly attracts floods of visitors. Behind it 1 (lie) an ancient story which vividly explains the essence of mutual respect, a virtue that is widely valued in China. During the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), Zhang Ying, a minister of Emperor Kangxi, received a letter from his family. They 2 (tell) him that they had quarreled with their neighbours, the Wu family, about the wall between their two properties and both refused to give in   3 each other. Zhang’s family wrote the letter hoping that Zhang Ying could force Wu 4 (follow) their demands. However, Zhang replied with a poem, 5 (urge) his family to let go of anger and disagreement. It was the bond they shared with their neighbours 6 mattered because the wall was just a temporary structure. These simple 7 (line) worked magic. Rather than preparing for conflict, the Zhang family moved their wall back by about three feet from the boundary. The next day, however, came 8 even greater surprise: the Wu family, deeply inspired by the generous act, began moving their wall back three feet as well. This is the origin of Liuchixiang, an about 6-foot-wide lane, 9 children now can play happily and neighbors can meet. It stands not just as a tourist attraction but also as a timeless 10 (remind) that small acts of mutual consideration can make a huge difference. 【答案】 1．lies 2．told 3．to 4．to follow 5．urging 6．that 7．lines 8．an 9．where 10．reminder 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍安徽六尺巷的由来，讲述清代张英劝家人礼让邻居的故事，诠释了互敬互让的中华传统美德。 【详解】 1．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在它背后藏着一个古老的故事，生动诠释了在中国备受推崇的美德——相互尊重的内涵。表示方位的介词短语置于句首，所以此处为全部倒装句，主语为an ancient story，描述客观事实用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式lies。故填lies。 2．考查动词时态。句意：家人在信中告诉他，他们与邻居吴家因两家院子之间的院墙起了争执，双方都不肯向对方让步。此处为谓语动词，根据上下文的时态可知，描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时told。故填told。 3．考查介词。句意：家人在信中告诉他，他们与邻居吴家因两家院子之间的院墙起了争执，双方都不肯向对方让步。此处为固定搭配give in to sb.，意为“向某人让步”，用介词to。故填to。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：张家写这封信，希望张英能逼迫吴家遵从他们的要求。此处为固定搭配force sb. to do sth.，意为“逼迫某人做某事”，用动词不定式to follow作宾语补足语。故填to follow。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，张英回了一首诗，劝家人放下怒气与争执。此处为非谓语动词作状语，Zhang与urge为主动关系，用现在分词urging。故填urging。 6．考查强调句。句意：重要的是他们与邻居之间的情谊，因为院墙不过是临时的建筑。此处为强调句，结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他”，被强调部分为the bond they shared with their neighbours，用that。故填that。 7．考查名词复数。句意：这几句简单的诗起到了神奇的作用。此处由These修饰，line为可数名词，意为“诗句”，用复数形式lines。故填lines。 8．考查冠词。句意：然而，第二天，一件更令人意外的事发生了：吴家被这一慷慨之举深深打动，也开始将自家的院墙后移三尺。此处表泛指“一件更令人意外的事”，even是以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an。故填an。 9．考查定语从句。句意：这就是六尺巷的由来，这条约六尺宽的小巷，如今孩子们可以在里面快乐玩耍，邻居们可以在里面相遇寒暄。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为an about 6-foot-wide lane，指地点，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 10．考查名词。句意：它不仅是一处旅游景点，更是永恒的提醒，小小的相互体谅之举，能带来巨大的改变。此处位于形容词timeless之后，由a修饰，用remind的名词形式reminder，意为“提醒物，警示物”。故填reminder。 Passage H 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the ancient Shuowen Dictionary, trust is defined as a combination of sincerity and reliability, 1 (emphasize) the importance of keeping one’s word. This concept was 2 (deep) valued in ancient China, with many proverbs highlighting the significance of integrity in personal and professional relationships. CaoCao, the 3 (rule) of the Wei state during the Three Kingdoms period, embodied (体现) this spirit of trustworthiness, which played a crucial role in his ability 4 (draw) numerous heroes to his side. During the Three Kingdoms era, a time 5 (mark) by division and conflict among the states of Wei, Shu, and Wu, loyalty was a prized yet rare commodity (商品). Cao Cao’s relationship 6 Guan Yu shows his understanding of trust and respect as foundational 7 (element) of leadership. After capturing Xu Province, Cao Cao encountered Guan Yu. Guan Yu’s surrender (投降) to Cao Cao, under the condition 8 he would leave once he learned of Liu Bei’s whereabouts, presented 9 unique challenge. Cao Cao’s acceptance of these terms, and his subsequent efforts to win over Guan Yu, demonstrate a strategic approach to leadership that 10 (value) talent and honours personal loyalty. 【答案】 1．emphasizing 2．deeply 3．ruler 4．to draw 5．marked 6．with 7．elements 8．that 9．a 10．values 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文引用三国中的故事，说明信守诺言的重要性。 【详解】 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在古代的《说文词典》中，信任被定义为真诚和可靠的结合，强调信守诺言的重要性。空处为非谓语动词，trust与emphasize为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填emphasizing。 2．考查副词。句意：这一观念在中国古代非常受重视，许多谚语都强调了诚信在个人和职业关系中的重要性。此处修饰动词valued，应用副词deeply“非常”，作状语。故填deeply。 3．考查名词。句意：三国时期魏国的统治者曹操就体现了这种诚实守信的精神，这对他吸引无数英雄的能力起了至关重要的作用。此处作Caocao的同位语，应用名词ruler“统治者”。故填ruler。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：三国时期魏国的统治者曹操就体现了这种诚实守信的精神，这对他吸引无数英雄的能力起了至关重要的作用。ability后面常用动词不定式作后置定语，表示“做某事的能力”。故填to draw。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：在三国时期，魏国、蜀国和吴国之间的分裂和冲突，忠诚是一种珍贵但罕见的品质。 空处为非谓语动词，a time与mark为被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填marked。 6．考查介词。句意：曹操与关羽的关系表明，他明白信任和尊重是领导的基本要素。固定搭配relationship with sb“与某人的关系”。故填with。 7．考查名词复数。句意：曹操与关羽的关系表明，他明白信任和尊重是领导的基本要素。element为可数名词，前无限定词，应用复数形式，表泛指。故填elements。 8．考查同位语从句。句意：关羽以知道刘备的行踪就离开为条件，向曹操投降，这是一个独特的挑战。condition后接同位语从句，句意和句子结构完整，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。 9．考查冠词。句意：关羽以知道刘备的行踪就离开为条件，向曹操投降，这是一个独特的挑战。此处泛指“一个独特的挑战 ”，应用不定冠词，且unique首字母的发音为辅音音素，应用a。故填a。 10．考查动词时态。句意：曹操对这些条件的接受，以及他随后争取关羽的努力，显示了一种重视人才和尊重个人忠诚的领导战略。Value为定语从句的谓语，根据“honours”可知，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，that替代先行词a strategic approach to leadership，作从句主语，从句谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填values。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $