Unit 8 动词不定式 to‑infinitive(核心语法精练)英语新教材冀教版八年级上册
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Unit 8 Protecting the environment 核心语法精练
( 动词不定式 to‑infinitive)
目录
一、知识回顾...............................................................................................................................................2
二、考点夯基................................................................................................................................................3
一、用所给词的正确形式填空....................................................................................................................3
二、单项选择................................................................................................................................................4
三、完成句子.................................................................................................................................................8
四、句型转换..................................................................................................................................................8
三、综合提升.................................................................................................................................................10
一、语法选择...................................................................................................................................................10
二、短文填空...................................................................................................................................................12
基础认知
定义
动词不定式由 to + 动词原形 构成,to 为不定式符号,无实际词义;不定式属于非谓语动词,不能单独作句子谓语。在句中可以作:主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、目的状语。
核心用法
1. 作宾语:常见动词 want /hope/plan/decide/would like /refuse/agree /try + to do sth.
例:I hope to reduce white pollution. 我希望减少白色污染。
2. 作宾语补足语:ask /tell/invite/warn /want/allow + sb. + to do sth.
例:Parents tell us to save natural resources. 父母告诫我们要节约自然资源。
3. 作目的状语:表做某事的目的,“为了……”,放句首或句中。
例:He plants more trees to improve the air. 他种更多树来改善空气。
4. 作定语:放在被修饰名词 / 代词后面。
例:We need some volunteers to check river quality. 我们需要一些志愿者检测河水水质。
5. 作表语:be + to do,说明主语的内容、目标。
例:Our task is to stop polluting rivers. 我们的任务是制止河流污染。
6. 作主语:To do sth. + 谓语;常用 It 作形式主语:It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.
高频易错点
易错 1:❌ hope do;✅ hope to do;不定式符号 to 切勿漏写。
易错 2:使役动词 let/make/have 后宾补省略 to:make sb. do sth.;被动语态要还原 to:sb. be made to do sth.
易错 3:It’s +adj.+for sb. to do sth.,to 后必须用动词原形,禁止使用 doing。
易错 4:不定式作后置定语,置于名词后方,不可前置修饰名词。
易错 5:区分:refuse to do(拒绝做);refuse doing(错误搭配,无此用法)
记忆口诀
不定式,to 加原,不能单独作谓语;
想要希望计划拒绝,后面 to‑do 作宾语;
告诫邀请请人做事,宾补要带 to do;
to 放句首表目的;it 作主语代替 to‑do;
let/make/have 宾补省 to,被动 to 字要回归。
1.Many local citizens hope ________ (cut) down household waste.
2. It is a good chance ________ (learn) about serious environmental problems.
3. Some students volunteered ________ (plant) trees along the hill last spring.
4. The scientist warns us ________ (not throw) poisonous rubbish everywhere.
5. ________ (reuse) daily goods is a simple way to go green.
6. The main goal of green living is ________ (protect) wild living things.
7. We need more workers ________ (monitor) the change of river water.
8. He goes to the wetland ________ (watch) and study wild birds.
9. They decide ________ (not pour) dirty water into the lake.
10. The heavy smog made us ________ (stay) indoors for several days.
二、单项选择
1. Many kids hope ______ something helpful for our ecosystem.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. did
2. It is necessary for us ______ our consumption habits.
A. change B. changing C. to change D. changed
3. Some teenagers volunteered ______ waste sorting work in neighbourhoods.
A. take B. to take C. taking D. took
4. The environmental‑worker warns us ______ plastic into farmland.
A. not drop B. not to drop C. don’t drop D. not dropping
5. —Why do you choose cloth shopping bags?
—I choose them ______ cut down plastic waste.
A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. cutted
6. Our goal is ______ less pollution for future generations.
A. leave B. to leave C. leaving D. left
7. We need more scientists ______ new clean energy.
A. develop B. to develop C. developing D. developed
8. Local people decide ______ the polluted stream.
A. protect B. protecting C. to protect D. protected
9. Workers were made ______ the chemical factory because of pollution rules.
A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed
10. Would you like ______ part in the river‑protection activity?
A. take B. taking C. to take D. took
11. Scientists plan ______ more facts about ocean pollution.
A. find B. to find C. finding D. found
12. Books encourage teenagers ______ more about wildlife protection.
A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned
13. To ______ forests is one way to keep our planet healthy.
A. save B. saving C. saved D. saves
14. We have lots of difficult problems ______ with water pollution.
A. solve B. to solve C. solving D. solved
15. I come here ______ you some facts about soil pollution.
A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. told
16. Many citizens agree ______ single‑use products in daily life.
A. avoid B. to avoid C. avoiding D. avoided
17. It is smart ______ us ______ choose reusable goods.
A. for; choose B. of; to choose C. for; choosing D. of; choose
18. We should try our best ______ our living environment.
A. improve B. improving C. to improve D. improved
19. —What is your task ______ the environment?
—To pick up rubbish along the shore.
A. to protect B. protect C. protecting D. protected
20. The guide tells us ______ harm wild animals in the reserve.
A. not B. not to C. don’t to D. not doing
三、完成句子
1. 很多市民想要减少一次性产品的使用。
Many citizens want ________ ________ the use of single‑use products.
2. 对我们来说保护湿地十分重要。
It is important ________ us ________ ________ wetlands.
3. 学生们自愿在山坡上种树。
Students volunteer ________ ________ trees on the hillside.
4. 我们需要科学家来研发更加环保的材料。
We need scientists ________ ________ more environmentally‑friendly materials.
5. 志愿者来到河边为了清理河道垃圾。
Volunteers came to the river ________ ________ river rubbish.
6. 老师告诫我们要尽最大努力保护野生动物。
The teacher warns us ________ ________ our best ________ ________ wild animals.
四、句型转换
1. He hopes that he can stop polluting the lake.(改为简单句,用不定式)
He hopes ________ ________ polluting the lake.
2. To save the wetland is very meaningful.(改为 it 作形式主语)
________ ________ for us ________ ________ the wetland.
3. “Please check water quality.” The scientist tells us.(合并句子,不定式作宾补)
The scientist tells us ________ ________ ________ water quality.
4. Volunteers go to the beach. They want to pick up plastic waste.(合并,用不定式表目的)
Volunteers go to the beach ________ ________ up plastic waste.
5. My task is to watch over rare birds.(对划线部分提问)
________ ________ task?
6. Bad air made local people move away.(改为被动语态)
Local people ________ ________ ________ move away because of bad air.
一、语法选择
Environmental protection draws lots of teenagers’ attention. Many students 1______ to do something for nature. Li Hua hopes 2______ a member of the river‑protect group. He goes to the riverside 3______ rubbish every weekend. His teacher warns him 4______ careful with dangerous waste.
It is meaningful 5______ teenagers 6______ small environmental jobs. They need more people 7______ harmful chemicals from daily life. Some teenagers decide 8______ for public environmental projects online. The purpose of environmental work 9______ to keep our earth safe. We should try our best 10______ a real change to nature.
1. A. want B. wants C. wanting D. wanted
2. A. be B. to be C. being D. been
3. A. collect B. collecting C. to collect D. collected
4. A. be B. to be C. being D. are
5. A. of B. for C. to D. with
6. A. do B. doing C. to do D. did
7. A. reduce B. to reduce C. reducing D. reduced
8. A. apply B. applying C. to apply D. applied
9. A. is B. are C. was D. were
10. A. bring B. bringing C. to bring D. brought
二、短文填空
用括号内单词适当形式(不定式 / 动词正确形式)完成短文。
Many teenagers would like 1.________ (protect) our natural world. Li Ming hopes 2.________ (join) a local environmental club. He goes to the wetland 3.________ (study) wild birds. The workers ask him 4.________ (keep) quiet near the birds.
It is important for us 5.________ (realize) the danger of pollution. We have lots of practical things 6.________ (do) for our planet. Some students decide 7.________ (recycle) dangerous waste properly. They need more people 8.________ (support) their activity. The aim of environmental work is 9.________ (keep) balance of nature. We should try our best 10.________ (build) a cleaner home.
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Unit 8 Protecting the environment 核心语法精练
一、用所给词的正确形式填空
1.to cut 2. to learn 3. to plant 4. not to throw 5. To reuse
6. to protect 7. to monitor 8. to watch 9. not to pour 10. stay
二、单项选择
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C
11.B 12.B 13.A 14.B 15.B 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.B
三、完成句子
1. to reduce 2. for; to protect 3. to plant 4. to develop 5. to clear 6. to try; to protect
四、句型转换
1. to stop 2. It’s meaningful; to save 3. to check 4. to pick 5. What’s your 6. were made to
一、语法选择
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C
二、短文填空
1. to protect 2. to join 3. to study 4. to keep 5. to realize
6. to do 7. to recycle 8. to support 9. to keep 10. to build
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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Unit 8 Protecting the environment 核心语法精练
( 动词不定式 to‑infinitive)
目录
一、知识回顾...............................................................................................................................................2
二、考点夯基................................................................................................................................................3
一、用所给词的正确形式填空....................................................................................................................3
二、单项选择................................................................................................................................................4
三、完成句子.................................................................................................................................................8
四、句型转换..................................................................................................................................................8
三、综合提升.................................................................................................................................................10
一、语法选择...................................................................................................................................................10
二、短文填空...................................................................................................................................................12
基础认知
定义
动词不定式由 to + 动词原形 构成,to 为不定式符号,无实际词义;不定式属于非谓语动词,不能单独作句子谓语。在句中可以作:主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、目的状语。
核心用法
1. 作宾语:常见动词 want /hope/plan/decide/would like /refuse/agree /try + to do sth.
例:I hope to reduce white pollution. 我希望减少白色污染。
2. 作宾语补足语:ask /tell/invite/warn /want/allow + sb. + to do sth.
例:Parents tell us to save natural resources. 父母告诫我们要节约自然资源。
3. 作目的状语:表做某事的目的,“为了……”,放句首或句中。
例:He plants more trees to improve the air. 他种更多树来改善空气。
4. 作定语:放在被修饰名词 / 代词后面。
例:We need some volunteers to check river quality. 我们需要一些志愿者检测河水水质。
5. 作表语:be + to do,说明主语的内容、目标。
例:Our task is to stop polluting rivers. 我们的任务是制止河流污染。
6. 作主语:To do sth. + 谓语;常用 It 作形式主语:It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.
高频易错点
易错 1:❌ hope do;✅ hope to do;不定式符号 to 切勿漏写。
易错 2:使役动词 let/make/have 后宾补省略 to:make sb. do sth.;被动语态要还原 to:sb. be made to do sth.
易错 3:It’s +adj.+for sb. to do sth.,to 后必须用动词原形,禁止使用 doing。
易错 4:不定式作后置定语,置于名词后方,不可前置修饰名词。
易错 5:区分:refuse to do(拒绝做);refuse doing(错误搭配,无此用法)
记忆口诀
不定式,to 加原,不能单独作谓语;
想要希望计划拒绝,后面 to‑do 作宾语;
告诫邀请请人做事,宾补要带 to do;
to 放句首表目的;it 作主语代替 to‑do;
let/make/have 宾补省 to,被动 to 字要回归。
1.Many local citizens hope ________ (cut) down household waste.
【答案】to cut
【解析】本题考查动词不定式作宾语。动词 hope 后只能接动词不定式作宾语,固定结构 hope to do sth.(希望做某事),不接 doing 形式;不定式符号 to 后使用动词原形。cut down 减少。
句意:很多本地市民希望减少家庭垃圾。
2. It is a good chance ________ (learn) about serious environmental problems.
【答案】to learn
【解析】本题考查动词不定式作后置定语。名词 chance 后面常用不定式修饰限定,It is a good chance to do sth.(做某事的好机会),it 为形式主语,to 后接动词原形。
句意:这是了解严峻环境问题的好机会。
3. Some students volunteered ________ (plant) trees along the hill last spring.
【答案】to plant
【解析】本题考查不定式作宾语。volunteer 作动词,固定搭配 volunteer to do sth.(自愿做某事),不定式置于谓语后作宾语,to 后接动词原形。
句意:去年春天一些学生自愿沿着小山植树。
4. The scientist warns us ________ (not throw) poisonous rubbish everywhere.
【答案】not to throw
【解析】本题考查不定式否定形式作宾语补足语。固定结构 warn sb. not to do sth.(警告某人不要做某事),not 放在不定式符号 to 前面,to 不可省略;poisonous rubbish 有毒垃圾。
句意:科学家警告我们不要到处丢弃有毒垃圾。
5. ________ (reuse) daily goods is a simple way to go green.
【答案】To reuse
【解析】本题考查动词不定式置于句首作主语。动词原形不能充当句子主语;不定式放句首,指代一类具体行为,作主语,to 后接动词原形,首字母大写。
句意:重复利用日常用品是践行绿色生活的简单方式。
6. The main goal of green living is ________ (protect) wild living things.
【答案】to protect
【解析】本题考查动词不定式作表语。系动词 is 后为表语;主语为 goal/purpose 这类表目标的名词,常用 to‑do 作表语,解释目标的具体内容,to 后接动词原形。wild living things 野生生物。
句意:绿色生活的主要目标是保护野生生物。
7. We need more workers ________ (monitor) the change of river water.
【答案】to monitor
【解析】本题考查不定式作宾语补足语。固定搭配 need sb. to do sth.(需要某人做某事);more workers 是宾语,不定式补充说明宾语执行的动作。monitor v. 监测。
句意:我们需要更多工作人员监测河水的变化。
8. He goes to the wetland ________ (watch) and study wild birds.
【答案】to watch
【解析】本题考查动词不定式作目的状语。本句谓语动词为 goes;一个简单句只能拥有一个谓语,后面动作表示去湿地的目的,用 to‑do 表目的,译为 “为了……”,to 后接动词原形。wetland n. 湿地。
句意:他前往湿地,为了观察和研究野生鸟类。
9. They decide ________ (not pour) dirty water into the lake.
【答案】not to pour
【解析】本题考查不定式否定作宾语。decide 固定搭配 decide to do sth.(决定做某事),否定形式为 decide not to do sth.,不接 doing。pour dirty water 排放污水。
句意:他们决定不向湖泊排放污水。
10. The heavy smog made us ________ (stay) indoors for several days.
【答案】stay
【解析】本题考查使役动词 make 的用法。主动语态:make sb. do sth.(使某人做某事),宾补省略 to,直接使用动词原形;⚠注意:被动语态必须还原 to。smog n. 雾霾;stay indoors 待在室内。
句意:浓重的雾霾迫使我们连续好几天待在室内。
二、单项选择
1. Many kids hope ______ something helpful for our ecosystem.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. did
【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配 hope to do sth. 希望做某事,hope 后只能接不定式作宾语,不能接 doing;A 动词原形不能直接跟在 hope 后;D 为过去式,语法错误。ecosystem 生态系统。
句意:很多孩子希望为我们的生态系统做些有益的事。
2. It is necessary for us ______ our consumption habits.
A. change B. changing C. to change D. changed
【答案】C
【解析】重点句型 It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.;it 是形式主语,真正主语是后面动词不定式 to do。A 原形、B 动名词、D 过去式均不匹配句型。consumption habits 消费习惯。
句意:改变我们的消费习惯对我们来说很有必要。
3. Some teenagers volunteered ______ waste sorting work in neighbourhoods.
A. take B. to take C. taking D. took
【答案】B
【解析】volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事,不定式作宾语。A 原形、C 动名词、D 过去式均不符合固定搭配。waste sorting 垃圾分类。
句意:一些青少年自愿在社区做垃圾分类工作。
4. The environmental‑worker warns us ______ plastic into farmland.
A. not drop B. not to drop C. don’t drop D. not dropping
【答案】B
【解析】固定结构 warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事;不定式否定 not 置于 to 之前。drop v. 丢弃;farmland 农田。
句意:环保工作人员警告我们不要把塑料丢弃到农田里。
5. —Why do you choose cloth shopping bags?
—I choose them ______ cut down plastic waste.
A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. cutted
【答案】B
【解析】why 提问行为目的,答句使用动词不定式作目的状语,表 “为了……”。A 原形不能作状语;C 现在分词表伴随;D 形式错误。
句意:—— 你为什么选择布购物袋?—— 我选择它们是为了减少塑料垃圾。
6. Our goal is ______ less pollution for future generations.
A. leave B. to leave C. leaving D. left
【答案】B
【解析】主语 goal 表示目标,系动词 is 后用不定式作表语,说明目标内容。A 动词原形不能放系动词后;C 动名词多表进行;D 过去式不能作表语。future generations 后代。
句意:我们的目标是给后代留下更少的污染。
7. We need more scientists ______ new clean energy.
A. develop B. to develop C. developing D. developed
【答案】B
【解析】need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事,不定式作宾补。区分:need to do(主语是人需要做);need doing(主语是物,表被动含义)。clean energy 清洁能源。
句意:我们需要更多科学家开发新型清洁能源。
8. Local people decide ______ the polluted stream.
A. protect B. protecting C. to protect D. protected
【答案】C
【解析】decide to do sth. 决定做某事,decide 后只接不定式作宾语,不接原形 /doing/ 过去式。stream 小河,溪流。
句意:当地居民决定保护这条被污染的小河。
9. Workers were made ______ the chemical factory because of pollution rules.
A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed
【答案】B
【解析】make 使役动词:主动 make sb. do sth.(省 to);被动 sb. be made to do sth. 必须还原 to。本句为被动 were made,所以填 to close。chemical factory 化工厂。
句意:因为环保法规,工人们被迫关闭这家化工厂。
10. Would you like ______ part in the river‑protection activity?
A. take B. taking C. to take D. took
【答案】C
【解析】would like to do sth. 想要做某事,后接动词不定式。take part in 参加。
句意:你愿意参加护河活动吗?
11. Scientists plan ______ more facts about ocean pollution.
A. find B. to find C. finding D. found
【答案】B
【解析】plan to do sth. 计划做某事,plan 后接不定式作宾语,不接 doing。ocean pollution 海洋污染。
句意:科学家计划找到更多关于海洋污染的事实。
12. Books encourage teenagers ______ more about wildlife protection.
A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned
【答案】B
【解析】encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事,不定式作宾补,to 不可省略。wildlife protection 野生动物保护。
句意:书籍鼓励青少年更多地学习野生动物保护相关知识。
13. To ______ forests is one way to keep our planet healthy.
A. save B. saving C. saved D. saves
【答案】A
【解析】不定式放句首作主语,固定结构 To + 动词原形;B 动名词、C 过去式、D 三单均不符合语法。
句意:保护森林是维持我们星球健康的一种方式。
14. We have lots of difficult problems ______ with water pollution.
A. solve B. to solve C. solving D. solved
【答案】B
【解析】have sth. to do “有某事要去做”,不定式作后置定语修饰前面名词 problems,代表有待完成的动作。
句意:我们有很多水污染相关的难题需要解决。
15. I come here ______ you some facts about soil pollution.
A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. told
【答案】B
【解析】谓语动词 come;后面动作表来此地的目的,不定式 to‑do 作目的状语,译为 “为了……”。soil pollution 土壤污染。
句意:我来这儿是告诉你一些关于土壤污染的事实。
16. Many citizens agree ______ single‑use products in daily life.
A. avoid B. to avoid C. avoiding D. avoided
【答案】B
【解析】agree to do sth. 同意做某事,agree 后接不定式作宾语,不接 doing。single‑use products 一次性用品。
句意:很多市民同意在日常生活中避免一次性用品。
17. It is smart ______ us ______ choose reusable goods.
A. for; choose B. of; to choose C. for; choosing D. of; choose
【答案】B
【解析】句型辨析:
①It’s +adj.+of sb. to do sth.:形容词描述人的品质性格(smart /kind/clever)用 of;
②It’s +adj.+for sb. to do sth.:形容词描述事情本身用 for。
本句 smart 形容人,用 of,后面必须用不定式 to do。reusable goods 可循环用品。
句意:我们选择可循环用品,是很明智的。
18. We should try our best ______ our living environment.
A. improve B. improving C. to improve D. improved
【答案】C
【解析】try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事,使用动词不定式。
句意:我们应当尽全力改善我们的生存环境。
19. —What is your task ______ the environment?
—To pick up rubbish along the shore.
A. to protect B. protect C. protecting D. protected
【答案】A
【解析】名词 task(任务),常用不定式作后置定语 one’s task to do sth. 做某事的任务。shore 海岸。
句意:—— 你保护环境的任务是什么?—— 沿着海岸捡拾垃圾。
20. The guide tells us ______ harm wild animals in the reserve.
A. not B. not to C. don’t to D. not doing
【答案】B
【解析】不定式否定:tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事;否定词 not 放在 to 之前。reserve 自然保护区。
句意:向导告诉我们不要伤害保护区里的野生动物。
三、完成句子
1. 很多市民想要减少一次性产品的使用。
Many citizens want ________ ________ the use of single‑use products.
【答案】to reduce
【解析】want to do sth. 想要做某事,不定式作宾语;reduce v. 减少。
句意:很多市民想要减少一次性产品的使用。
2. 对我们来说保护湿地十分重要。
It is important ________ us ________ ________ wetlands.
【答案】for; to protect
【解析】It is +adj.+for sb. to do sth. 形式主语句型;important 描述事情特征,介词用 for。wetlands 湿地。
句意:对我们来说保护湿地十分重要。
3. 学生们自愿在山坡上种树。
Students volunteer ________ ________ trees on the hillside.
【答案】to plant
【解析】volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事,不定式作宾语。hillside 山坡。
句意:学生们自愿在山坡上种树。
4. 我们需要科学家来研发更加环保的材料。
We need scientists ________ ________ more environmentally‑friendly materials.
【答案】to develop
【解析】need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事,不定式作宾补。environmentally‑friendly materials 环保材料。
句意:我们需要科学家来研发更加环保的材料。
5. 志愿者来到河边为了清理河道垃圾。
Volunteers came to the river ________ ________ river rubbish.
【答案】to clear
【解析】不定式作目的状语,表示来到河边的目的,to 后接动词原形。clear v. 清理。
句意:志愿者来到河边为了清理河道垃圾。
6. 老师告诫我们要尽最大努力保护野生动物。
The teacher warns us ________ ________ our best ________ ________ wild animals.
【答案】to try; to protect
【解析】第一空 warn sb. to do sth. 告诫某人做某事;第二空 try one’s best to do sth. 尽最大努力做某事,不定式表目的。
句意:老师告诫我们要尽最大努力保护野生动物。
四、句型转换
1. He hopes that he can stop polluting the lake.(改为简单句,用不定式)
He hopes ________ ________ polluting the lake.
【答案】to stop
【解析】hope + that 宾语从句可以简化为 hope to do sth.;去掉从句主语与情态动词,谓语改为不定式 to do;hope 无 hope sb to do 结构。
句意:他希望停止对湖泊的污染。
2. To save the wetland is very meaningful.(改为 it 作形式主语)
________ ________ for us ________ ________ the wetland.
【答案】It’s meaningful; to save
【解析】不定式作主语改写为 It is +adj.+for sb. to do sth.;真正主语 to‑do 挪至句末,句首用 it 充当形式主语,it is 缩写 It’s。
句意:拯救湿地对我们来说意义重大。
3. “Please check water quality.” The scientist tells us.(合并句子,不定式作宾补)
The scientist tells us ________ ________ ________ water quality.
【答案】to check
【解析】直接引语转换间接语句,使用 tell sb. to do sth. 不定式作宾语补足语。check water quality 检测水质。
句意:科学家告诉我们要检测水质。
4. Volunteers go to the beach. They want to pick up plastic waste.(合并,用不定式表目的)
Volunteers go to the beach ________ ________ up plastic waste.
【答案】to pick
【解析】后一句表达去海滩的目的,去掉主语,保留不定式 to do 作目的状语。pick up 捡拾。
句意:志愿者去海滩捡拾塑料垃圾。
5. My task is to watch over rare birds.(对划线部分提问)
________ ________ task?
【答案】What’s your
【解析】划线部分不定式作表语,描述任务内容,用 what 提问;is 和 what 缩写 What’s;my 转换为 your。rare birds 珍稀鸟类。
句意:你的任务是什么?
6. Bad air made local people move away.(改为被动语态)
Local people ________ ________ ________ move away because of bad air.
【答案】were made to
【解析】make 主动:make sb. do sth. 省 to;被动:sb. be made to do sth. 必须还原 to;原句一般过去时,主语 people,be 动词用 were。move away 搬走。
句意:由于糟糕的空气,当地居民被迫搬走。
一、语法选择
Environmental protection draws lots of teenagers’ attention. Many students 1______ to do something for nature. Li Hua hopes 2______ a member of the river‑protect group. He goes to the riverside 3______ rubbish every weekend. His teacher warns him 4______ careful with dangerous waste.
It is meaningful 5______ teenagers 6______ small environmental jobs. They need more people 7______ harmful chemicals from daily life. Some teenagers decide 8______ for public environmental projects online. The purpose of environmental work 9______ to keep our earth safe. We should try our best 10______ a real change to nature.
1. A. want B. wants C. wanting D. wanted
2. A. be B. to be C. being D. been
3. A. collect B. collecting C. to collect D. collected
4. A. be B. to be C. being D. are
5. A. of B. for C. to D. with
6. A. do B. doing C. to do D. did
7. A. reduce B. to reduce C. reducing D. reduced
8. A. apply B. applying C. to apply D. applied
9. A. is B. are C. was D. were
10. A. bring B. bringing C. to bring D. brought
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C
【文章大意】短文围绕单元环保主题,综合考查动词不定式作宾语、宾补、目的状语;it 形式主语、动词固定搭配、一般现在时主谓一致。
【解析】
1.【答案】A
解析:一般现在时,主语 Many students 是复数,谓语动词使用原形 want。B 三单主语单数才用;C 现在分词不能单独作谓语;D 过去式,全文为客观现状,时态不符。want to do sth. 想要做某事。
句意:很多学生想要为大自然做些事情。
2.【答案】B
解析:hope 后接不定式作宾语,hope to do sth. 希望做某事,hope to be 希望成为。A 原形不能直接放 hope 后;C 动名词、D 过去分词语法错误。
句意:李华希望成为护河小组的一员。
3.【答案】C
解析:谓语是 goes;后面动作表示去河边的目的,不定式 to collect 作目的状语,意为 “为了收集”。A 原形不能作状语;B 现在分词表伴随;D 过去式不能表目的。
句意:每周末他去河边收集垃圾。
4.【答案】B
解析:warn sb. to do sth. 警告 / 告诫某人做某事,不定式作宾补;to be careful 小心。A 缺少 to;C 动名词不用于宾补;D 是谓语动词,句子已有谓语 warns。
句意:老师告诫他要小心处理危险废弃物。
5.【答案】B
解析:It is +adj.+for/of sb. to do sth. 辨析;meaningful “有意义的” 描述这件事本身,不是人的品质,介词用 for。of 修饰人物性格;to、with 不用于该句型。
句意:对青少年来说做微小的环保工作很有意义。
6.【答案】C
解析:it 作形式主语句型 It is +adj.+for sb. to do sth.,真正主语必须用动词不定式。A 原形、B 动名词、D 过去式均不匹配句型。
句意:对青少年来说做微小的环保工作很有意义。
7.【答案】B
解析:need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事,不定式作宾补,to reduce “去减少”。A 原形、C 现在分词、D 过去式不满足搭配。harmful chemicals 有害化学物质。
句意:他们需要更多人减少日常生活当中的有害化学物质。
8.【答案】C
解析:decide to do sth. 决定做某事,decide 后只接不定式作宾语。apply for 申请。
句意:一些青少年决定在网上申请公共环保项目。
9.【答案】A
解析:主语 The purpose,核心名词 purpose 是单数;全文一般现在时,be 动词选 is。B 复数;C、D 为过去式,时态错误。
句意:环保工作的目的就是守护我们地球的安全。
10.【答案】C
解析:try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事,要用不定式。bring a real change 带来真正的改变。
句意:我们应当尽全力给大自然带来真正的改变。
二、短文填空
用括号内单词适当形式(不定式 / 动词正确形式)完成短文。
Many teenagers would like 1.________ (protect) our natural world. Li Ming hopes 2.________ (join) a local environmental club. He goes to the wetland 3.________ (study) wild birds. The workers ask him 4.________ (keep) quiet near the birds.
It is important for us 5.________ (realize) the danger of pollution. We have lots of practical things 6.________ (do) for our planet. Some students decide 7.________ (recycle) dangerous waste properly. They need more people 8.________ (support) their activity. The aim of environmental work is 9.________ (keep) balance of nature. We should try our best 10.________ (build) a cleaner home.
【参考答案】
1.【答案】to protect
【解析】would like to do sth. 想要做某事,不定式作宾语,to 后接动词原形。natural world 自然界。
句意:很多青少年想要保护我们的自然界。
2.【答案】to join
【解析】hope to do sth. 希望做某事,不定式作宾语。join a club 加入俱乐部。
句意:李明希望加入本地环保俱乐部。
3.【答案】to study
【解析】不定式作目的状语,表达去湿地的目的 “为了研究野生鸟类”;句子已有谓语 goes。
句意:他去湿地研究野生鸟类。
4.【答案】to keep
【解析】ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事,不定式作宾补,to 不可省略;keep quiet 保持安静。
句意:工作人员要求他在鸟类附近保持安静。
5.【答案】to realize
【解析】It is +adj.+for sb. to do sth. 形式主语;真正主语为不定式 to realize。realize v. 意识到。
句意:意识到污染的危害对我们十分重要。
6.【答案】to do
【解析】have sth. to do 有某事要做;不定式作后置定语修饰 things,表示有待完成的事。practical things 实际可行的事。
句意:为了我们的星球,我们有很多切实可行的事情要做。
7.【答案】to recycle
【解析】decide to do sth. 决定做某事,不定式作宾语。properly adv. 妥善地。
句意:一些学生决定妥善回收危险废弃物。
8.【答案】to support
【解析】need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事,不定式作宾补。support v. 支持。
句意:他们需要更多人来支持他们的活动。
9.【答案】to keep
【解析】主语 aim(目标),be 动词后用不定式作表语,解释目标的内容。keep balance of nature 维持生态平衡。
句意:环保工作的目标就是维持生态平衡。
10.【答案】to build
【解析】try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事,不定式。build a cleaner home 建设更洁净的家园。
句意:我们应该尽全力建设一个更加洁净的家园。
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