Unit 4 Language and Communication 并列连词，不带to的动词不定式和until（单元核心语法精练）英语新教材北师大版八年级下册

Unit 4 Language and Communication 核心语法精练（ 并列连词，不带to的动词不定式和until） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 单项选择 4 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 9 题型一 语法填空 9 题型二 阅读理解 11 不带to的动词不定式用法详解 不带to的动词不定式即动词原形，常用于特定动词后或特定句型中，是安徽中考语法的高频考点，核心用法可分为以下几类： 一、 感官动词后接不带to的不定式 常见感官动词：see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel, listen to, look at 1. 结构： 感官动词 + sb./sth. + do sth.  表示看到/听到/注意到动作的全过程，或经常性的动作。 例句：I saw him open the door and walk in.（我看见他打开门走了进去 → 强调动作完整发生） 例句：We often hear her sing in the next room.（我们经常听到她在隔壁唱歌 → 强调习惯性动作） 2. 对比：若强调动作正在进行，需用  感官动词 + sb./sth. + doing sth.  例句：I saw him opening the door when I passed by.（我路过时，看见他正在开门 → 强调动作正在进行） 3. 被动语态特殊规则：当这类结构变为被动语态时，必须补回to。 例句：He was seen to open the door by me.（他被我看见开了门） 二、 使役动词后接不带to的不定式 常见使役动词：make, let, have 1. 结构： 使役动词 + sb./sth. + do sth.  表示“让某人做某事”“使某物处于某种状态”。 例句：The teacher made him stand outside the classroom.（老师让他站在教室外面） 例句：My parents let me watch TV for an hour every day.（我父母每天让我看一小时电视） 2. 被动语态特殊规则：变为被动语态时，必须补回to。 例句：He was made to stand outside the classroom by the teacher. 3. 注意：have 表“让某人做某事”时，口语中还可用  have sb. doing sth. ，表“让动作持续”。 例句：She had the boy running around the playground for 30 minutes.（她让男孩在操场跑了30分钟） 三、 情态动词后接不带to的不定式 常见情态动词：can, may, must, should, will, would, shall, might, need（情态动词）, dare（情态动词） 1. 结构： 情态动词 + 动词原形  无第三人称单数变化，否定形式直接在情态动词后加not。 例句：You should finish your homework first.（你应该先完成作业） 例句：He can speak three languages.（他会说三种语言） 2. 易错点：情态动词  need  仅用于否定句/疑问句，肯定句中  need  是实义动词，需接  to do 。 ✘ 错误：He need go now. ✔ 正确：He needs to go now.（实义动词） ✔ 正确：He needn’t go now.（情态动词） 并列连词 并列连词（coordinating conjunctions）的核心作用是连接语法结构对等的成分，包括单词、短语或独立分句，且前后成分在地位上平等。 一、 表并列/顺承关系 核心连词：and 连接两个或多个意义相近、并列的人、事物或动作，意为“和、又、而且”。 连接单词：She likes singing and dancing.（她喜欢唱歌和跳舞。） 连接短语：He is tall and handsome.（他又高又帅。） 连接分句：I got up late, and I missed the first bus.（我起床晚了，错过了首班车。） 二、 表转折关系 核心连词：but, yet 连接意义相反或相对的内容，意为“但是、然而”； yet  语气更弱，可与  but  互换（但不可同时使用）。  but  例句：The task is difficult, but we will finish it on time.（任务很难，但我们会按时完成。）  yet  例句：He is very rich, yet he lives a simple life.（他很富有，却过着简朴的生活。） 三、 表选择关系 核心连词：or, nor 1. or：表示“或者；否则” 表选择：You can stay at home or go out with me.（你可以待在家，或者跟我出去。） 表警告（否则）：Hurry up, or you will be late for class.（快点，否则你上课要迟到了。） 2. nor：用于否定句后，表“也不”，需用倒装结构 例句：He doesn’t like math, nor does he like physics.（他不喜欢数学，也不喜欢物理。） 四、 表因果关系 核心连词：for, so 1. for：表补充说明的原因，不可置于句首，意为“因为” 例句：She must have gone out, for the door is open.（她肯定出去了，因为门是开着的。） 2. so：表结果，意为“所以、因此” 例句：It was raining heavily, so we canceled the picnic.（雨下得很大，所以我们取消了野餐。）  until  用法详解  until  既可作介词也可作连词，核心含义是“直到……为止”，用来表示动作或状态持续的终点时间，是安徽中考的高频考点，具体用法分为两大类： 一、  until  的两种词性用法 1. 作介词，后接名词/代词/动名词 用于明确动作持续的时间终点，构成“主语 + 谓语 + until + 时间名词”结构。 例句：I will wait until tomorrow.（我会等到明天。） 例句：He kept working until finishing the task.（他一直工作到完成任务。） 2. 作连词，后接时间状语从句 引导从句说明动作停止的时间点，主从句的时态搭配有明确规则： 主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来 例句：We won’t leave until he comes back.（我们要等他回来才离开。） 主句和从句均为一般过去时，描述过去的持续动作 例句：She stayed at home until the rain stopped.（她待在家里直到雨停。） 二、 与否定词连用（中考核心考点）  not...until...  是高频考点，意为“直到……才……”，强调动作在时间终点才开始发生。 肯定句 + until 动作持续到某时间才停止 He waited until 10 o’clock.（他一直等到10点才走。） 否定句 + until 动作到某时间才开始 He didn’t leave until 10 o’clock.（他直到10点才离开。） 特殊句式： Not until  置于句首，主句需倒装 这是进阶考点，用于强调时间，倒装时助动词/情态动词需提到主语前。 正常句：I didn’t realize my mistake until he told me. 倒装句：Not until he told me did I realize my mistake.（直到他告诉我，我才意识到自己的错误。） 三、 中考易错点辨析 1.  until  与  till  的区别 两者含义和用法基本一致， till  更口语化； not...until...  是固定搭配，不能换成  not...till... （书面语中不规范）。 2.  until  与  before  的区别  until  强调“持续到某时间点”：Wait until I call you.（等我叫你再动。）  before  强调“在某时间点之前”：Call me before you leave.（你走之前给我打电话。） 3. 瞬间动词与延续动词的搭配 延续性动词（wait, stay, work等）可用于肯定句 + until：She slept until noon. 瞬间动词（leave, start, come等）不能用于肯定句，需用否定式：He didn’t leave until noon. 一、单项选择 1．Mr. Smith helps me a lot, ________ I respect him very much and always take his advice seriously. A．for B．or C．so D．but 2．More and more people choose to ride bikes to work ________ it’s good for the environment. A．because B．so C．but D．or 3．As teenagers, we should look forward to the future, ________ never forget the past. A．so B．for C．or D．but 4．I called him, ________ he hung up at once. I didn’t know why. A．so B．but C．and D．or 5．It’s cold and dark out here, ________ it’s quite crowded already. A．and B．yet C．so 6．She wanted to go hiking this weekend, ________ the rain stopped her. A．because B．but C．so 7．Please tell me the truth, ________ I can help think of the proper solution. A．so B．for C．or D．and 8．It started to rain heavily, ________we had to stay at home. A．so B．or C．because D．but 9．My dream job is to be an artist ________ a computer programmer, because I enjoy creative work or solving problems. A．with B．but C．or 10．Which skirt is better, the blue one ________ the red one? A．so B．but C．because D．or 11．His words always make everyone ________. We all like him. A．laughing B．laughs C．to laugh D．laugh 12．—Do you often hear birds ________ around your house? —Yes. When I walked past the trees just now, I heard some of them ________. A．singing; singing B．sing; singing C．singing; to sing D．sing; to sing 13．Mike is a book lover. You can see him ________ books in the library every day. A．reading B．to read C．read 14．—Jenny, I often see you ________. You must like drawing very much. —Yes, it’s my favorite. A．to draw B．drawing C．draw 15．Dad won’t let me ________ the mountain alone. He will go with me next week. A．climb B．climbing C．climbed D．to climb 16．—How heavy! I can’t move the bag. —Don’t worry! Let me ________ you. A．helps B．to help C．helping D．help 17．—I tried to make Kate _________ her mind, but I found it hard.     —Well, I saw you _________ that when I went past. A．change; do B．to change; doing C．changing; do D．change; doing 18．— John, can you come and help me ________ the floor? — Sorry. I’m busy ________ my homework. A．sweep; doing B．clean; to do C．tidy; do 19．My parents always make me ________ my homework first after school every day. A．finish B．to finish C．finishing 20．The volunteer helps the elderly woman ________ her daily chores. A．did B．do C．doing 21．Many students didn’t realize the importance of study _________ they left school. A．if B．until C．though D．because 22．—Tom, let’s play badminton after class. —I’d love to, but I can’t go ________ I finish cleaning the classroom. A．after B．because C．until 23．They didn’t finish the hard work ________ three days before the great festival. A．although B．until C．unless 24．There are not so many talents (天才). Many great people just work hard enough ________ they realize their dreams. A．until B．although C．whenever D．if 25．Ann didn’t know anything about the news ________ Mrs. Brown told her. A．because B．until C．if D．but 26．You need to cook the noodles for about ten minutes ________ they’re ready. A．before B．after C．until D．when 27．I will continue working ________ the project is finished. A．until B．if C．since D．as 28．She didn’t stop trying different ways ________ she found the solution, and that’s how she found artemisinin (青蒿素) with her team. A．as B．when C．until D．after 29．The Tang Dynasty is famous for its poets and poems (诗歌). You won’t know the beauty of those poems ______ you read them again and again. A．when B．until C．after 30．Sometimes people can’t understand the importance of time ________ they grow old. A．until B．because C．so D．but 题型一 语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Eye contact means looking into other people’s eyes. This is 1 very important part of body language. It can be the key to communication. Eye contact can show 2 (feel) such as friendliness, interest and understanding. In Western 3 (country) using eye contact in conversations is very important. If you do not use eye contact, Westerners may think that you are not 4 (listen). And if you look away, they may also think that you are lying. 5 in many Asian (亚洲的) countries, looking down when talking 6 an older person, like a teacher or a parent, is polite. 7 (this) differences can cause (造成) problems. For example, an Asian person might look down while listening to a Western speaker. The Western speaker might think this person is not 8 (interest) in what he or she is saying. Not using eye contact can cause problems, but using too much is 9 (polite), too. In many countries, watching other people, 10 (especial) strangers, for a long time is impolite. This may make them feel nervous. 阅读下面短文，然后在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词适当形式。 It felt like a dream come true for Ali from Uzbekistan (乌兹别克斯坦). He was the 1 (win) of the Uzbekistan National Chinese Language Contest. When his sister 2 (return) home from her university study abroad, she was surprised to see his gold medal on the wall. Looking back to a year ago, Ali became 3 (great) interested in Chinese culture after watching an exciting Peking Opera show. The beautiful language and rich history made him fall in love with it. But the journey wasn’t easy. At first, he wasn’t chosen for the school club because his pronunciation was not good. However, he didn’t give up - he believed in 4 (he) and practiced every day after class, repeating words until they sounded right. Ali said, “I know that 5 I hold on to my dream and keep practicing when things get tough, I won’t have the chance to succeed.” 6 the help of his sister (she had studied Chinese before), he improved quickly. She spent hours helping him with his studies, sharing her textbooks, and even cooking noodles while they reviewed new words. Her support was very important. Finally, after months of hard work, he won 7 ten-day free trip to Shanghai as the top prize. How exciting it is 8 (visit) Yu Garden and talk with local people! As Chinese is becoming 9 (popular) than many other languages around the world, his story shows that hard work brings success. Learning Chinese opens new doors to friendships and 10 (chance), and it can do the same for you too! 题型二 阅读理解 Before arriving in China, I had read lots of books about China. Therefore, when I arrived, I was excited to be living in this huge, historically and culturally rich country. It was so greatly different from the UK. The food, the landmarks, the big cities and everyday life—I couldn’t wait to explore. However, learning Chinese hadn’t even entered my mind, not because I was lazy, but because I had no confidence to learn the most difficult language in the world. Besides this, once I moved to China, I lived in Shanghai. It is an international city, with many people speaking English as a second language. So I thought English would be enough. But after a year in China, I found many expats (侨民) spoke Chinese. Perhaps it was achievable (可达到的) after all, I felt uncomfortable because so many Chinese people could speak English, while I couldn’t even speak the most basic Chinese. To face the challenge, I decided to begin my language journey and my only regret is that I didn’t start earlier. In the two years since starting to learn, I have made great progress. Now, I am able to talk in Chinese on many topics. Learning to speak Chinese isn’t as difficult as I once expected. When I speak to Chinese people in Chinese, they almost always understand me. The most challenging thing is listening since Chinese people talk at such a speed (速度). I can’t always understand what’s been said, but my weekly online language exchanges help with this. Learning Chinese has taken a lot of hard work. But there is still a long way to go before I reach my goal of fluency (流利). Learning Chinese not only helps me in day-to-day life, but deepens (加深) my cultural understanding of such a great country. So, to all my non-Chinese friends I say this, don’t be afraid, face the challenge and be confident. 1．What did the writer do after arriving in China? A．He read a lot of books about China. B．He couldn’t wait to study Chinese. C．He tried to learn more about China. D．He missed his life in his home of the UK. 2．How long has the writer learned Chinese since he came to China? A．For a year. B．For two years. C．For three years. D．For four years. 3．Why does the writer think listening is the most challenging? A．He has a hearing problem. B．Chinese people speak too fast. C．Chinese is the most difficult language. D．He doesn’t know much about many topics. 4．What does the writer want to tell us according to the passage? A．It’s never too late to learn. B．A good beginning makes a good ending. C．Great hopes make a great man. D．Nothing is difficult to the man who will try. ①Have you ever watched a silent film and tried to guess what the characters were saying? Body language, like facial expressions, is the mirror of a person’s feelings. It helps us communicate without saying much at all. ②Sometimes we can share the common sense from culture to culture. Turning red-faced shows one’s anger, shock or excitement. The wide eyes with a half-opened mouth mean surprise. Also, some other body movements can express the same meanings in different cultures. For example, being back in one’s seat and yawning at a talk show people are not interested, and looking at the watch from time to time in a conversation means people have something to do in a hurry. ③However, not all body language can show the same meanings in different cultures. What holds true for Indians may not be the same in Africa. First of all, in some cultures, people respect and encourage the direct eye contact. In English, there is a saying, “Don’t trust anyone who won’t look you in the eye.” In many countries, direct eye contact between two people is considered important. According to most Western cultures, if a person looks directly at you, it is a sign that the person is honest and sincere and even can be trusted. While many cultures believe that direct eye contact from a child to an adult is an act of respect. ④The OK sign, which is commonly used in many cultures, also has different meanings across the cultures. It means agreement in North American culture. But to French, it means “zero” or “valueless”, not “fine” or “OK”. Touching is another example. At times, saying hello could turn into a disaster if one does not consider the use of touch in another culture. A general and accepted way of saying “Hello” in Western culture is a simple handshake. A great deal of importance has been placed on how one should shake hands. ⑤So, the next time you decide to travel to another country, besides looking up places to visit, a quick search or a book can guide you on how to use proper body language to better communicate with the local people, and avoid being impolite to them during your stay! 1．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．A silent film. B．The mirror. C．Body language. D．A person’s feeling. 2．According to the passage, which one has the similar meaning from culture to culture? A．Turning red-faced. B．Direct eye contact. C．The OK sign. D．A simple handshake. 3．Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Body language is more important B．Body language helps you go travelling C．Body language changes among cultures D．Body language influences communication 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Language and Communication 核心语法精练（ 并列连词，不带to的动词不定式和until） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 单项选择 4 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 9 题型一 语法填空 9 题型二 阅读理解 11 不带to的动词不定式用法详解 不带to的动词不定式即动词原形，常用于特定动词后或特定句型中，是安徽中考语法的高频考点，核心用法可分为以下几类： 一、 感官动词后接不带to的不定式 常见感官动词：see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel, listen to, look at 1. 结构： 感官动词 + sb./sth. + do sth.  表示看到/听到/注意到动作的全过程，或经常性的动作。 例句：I saw him open the door and walk in.（我看见他打开门走了进去 → 强调动作完整发生） 例句：We often hear her sing in the next room.（我们经常听到她在隔壁唱歌 → 强调习惯性动作） 2. 对比：若强调动作正在进行，需用  感官动词 + sb./sth. + doing sth.  例句：I saw him opening the door when I passed by.（我路过时，看见他正在开门 → 强调动作正在进行） 3. 被动语态特殊规则：当这类结构变为被动语态时，必须补回to。 例句：He was seen to open the door by me.（他被我看见开了门） 二、 使役动词后接不带to的不定式 常见使役动词：make, let, have 1. 结构： 使役动词 + sb./sth. + do sth.  表示“让某人做某事”“使某物处于某种状态”。 例句：The teacher made him stand outside the classroom.（老师让他站在教室外面） 例句：My parents let me watch TV for an hour every day.（我父母每天让我看一小时电视） 2. 被动语态特殊规则：变为被动语态时，必须补回to。 例句：He was made to stand outside the classroom by the teacher. 3. 注意：have 表“让某人做某事”时，口语中还可用  have sb. doing sth. ，表“让动作持续”。 例句：She had the boy running around the playground for 30 minutes.（她让男孩在操场跑了30分钟） 三、 情态动词后接不带to的不定式 常见情态动词：can, may, must, should, will, would, shall, might, need（情态动词）, dare（情态动词） 1. 结构： 情态动词 + 动词原形  无第三人称单数变化，否定形式直接在情态动词后加not。 例句：You should finish your homework first.（你应该先完成作业） 例句：He can speak three languages.（他会说三种语言） 2. 易错点：情态动词  need  仅用于否定句/疑问句，肯定句中  need  是实义动词，需接  to do 。 ✘ 错误：He need go now. ✔ 正确：He needs to go now.（实义动词） ✔ 正确：He needn’t go now.（情态动词） 并列连词 并列连词（coordinating conjunctions）的核心作用是连接语法结构对等的成分，包括单词、短语或独立分句，且前后成分在地位上平等。 一、 表并列/顺承关系 核心连词：and 连接两个或多个意义相近、并列的人、事物或动作，意为“和、又、而且”。 连接单词：She likes singing and dancing.（她喜欢唱歌和跳舞。） 连接短语：He is tall and handsome.（他又高又帅。） 连接分句：I got up late, and I missed the first bus.（我起床晚了，错过了首班车。） 二、 表转折关系 核心连词：but, yet 连接意义相反或相对的内容，意为“但是、然而”； yet  语气更弱，可与  but  互换（但不可同时使用）。  but  例句：The task is difficult, but we will finish it on time.（任务很难，但我们会按时完成。）  yet  例句：He is very rich, yet he lives a simple life.（他很富有，却过着简朴的生活。） 三、 表选择关系 核心连词：or, nor 1. or：表示“或者；否则” 表选择：You can stay at home or go out with me.（你可以待在家，或者跟我出去。） 表警告（否则）：Hurry up, or you will be late for class.（快点，否则你上课要迟到了。） 2. nor：用于否定句后，表“也不”，需用倒装结构 例句：He doesn’t like math, nor does he like physics.（他不喜欢数学，也不喜欢物理。） 四、 表因果关系 核心连词：for, so 1. for：表补充说明的原因，不可置于句首，意为“因为” 例句：She must have gone out, for the door is open.（她肯定出去了，因为门是开着的。） 2. so：表结果，意为“所以、因此” 例句：It was raining heavily, so we canceled the picnic.（雨下得很大，所以我们取消了野餐。）  until  用法详解  until  既可作介词也可作连词，核心含义是“直到……为止”，用来表示动作或状态持续的终点时间，是安徽中考的高频考点，具体用法分为两大类： 一、  until  的两种词性用法 1. 作介词，后接名词/代词/动名词 用于明确动作持续的时间终点，构成“主语 + 谓语 + until + 时间名词”结构。 例句：I will wait until tomorrow.（我会等到明天。） 例句：He kept working until finishing the task.（他一直工作到完成任务。） 2. 作连词，后接时间状语从句 引导从句说明动作停止的时间点，主从句的时态搭配有明确规则： 主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来 例句：We won’t leave until he comes back.（我们要等他回来才离开。） 主句和从句均为一般过去时，描述过去的持续动作 例句：She stayed at home until the rain stopped.（她待在家里直到雨停。） 二、 与否定词连用（中考核心考点）  not...until...  是高频考点，意为“直到……才……”，强调动作在时间终点才开始发生。 肯定句 + until 动作持续到某时间才停止 He waited until 10 o’clock.（他一直等到10点才走。） 否定句 + until 动作到某时间才开始 He didn’t leave until 10 o’clock.（他直到10点才离开。） 特殊句式： Not until  置于句首，主句需倒装 这是进阶考点，用于强调时间，倒装时助动词/情态动词需提到主语前。 正常句：I didn’t realize my mistake until he told me. 倒装句：Not until he told me did I realize my mistake.（直到他告诉我，我才意识到自己的错误。） 三、 中考易错点辨析 1.  until  与  till  的区别 两者含义和用法基本一致， till  更口语化； not...until...  是固定搭配，不能换成  not...till... （书面语中不规范）。 2.  until  与  before  的区别  until  强调“持续到某时间点”：Wait until I call you.（等我叫你再动。）  before  强调“在某时间点之前”：Call me before you leave.（你走之前给我打电话。） 3. 瞬间动词与延续动词的搭配 延续性动词（wait, stay, work等）可用于肯定句 + until：She slept until noon. 瞬间动词（leave, start, come等）不能用于肯定句，需用否定式：He didn’t leave until noon. 一、单项选择 1．Mr. Smith helps me a lot, ________ I respect him very much and always take his advice seriously. A．for B．or C．so D．but 【答案】C 【详解】句意：史密斯先生帮助我很多，因此我非常尊敬他，并且总是认真听取他的建议。 考查连词辨析。for因为；or或者；so因此；but但是。根据“Mr. Smith helps me a lot”和“I respect him very much...”，可知前后两部分是因果关系，前因后果，所以用so连接。故选C。 2．More and more people choose to ride bikes to work ________ it’s good for the environment. A．because B．so C．but D．or 【答案】A 【详解】句意：越来越多的人选择骑自行车上班，因为它对环境有益。 考查连词辨析。because因为；so所以；but但是；or或者。根据“More and more people choose to ride bikes to work”和“it’s good for the environment”可知，前半句“选择骑自行车去上班”是结果，后半句“对环境有益”是原因，因此需用表示原因的连词“because”连接。故选A。 3．As teenagers, we should look forward to the future, ________ never forget the past. A．so B．for C．or D．but 【答案】D 【详解】句意：作为一个青少年，我们应该展望未来，但也不要忘记过去。 考查连词辨析。so所以，表因果；for因为，表原因；or或者，表选择；but但是，表转折。根据“we should look forward to the future”以及“never forget the past”可知，前后句之间是转折关系，所以应该用but连接。故选D。 4．I called him, ________ he hung up at once. I didn’t know why. A．so B．but C．and D．or 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我给他打电话，但他立刻挂断了。我不知道为什么。 考查连词辨析。so所以；but但是；and和；or或者。根据“I called him, ...he hung up at once.”可知，前半句“打电话”与后半句“立刻挂断”存在逻辑上的转折，因此需用表示转折的连词“but”。故选B。 5．It’s cold and dark out here, ________ it’s quite crowded already. A．and B．yet C．so 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这里外面又冷又黑，但已经很拥挤了。 考查连词辨析。and和；yet然而；so所以。根据“It’s cold and dark out here”可知，这里又冷又黑，按照常理，这种地方通常人比较少，但根据后句crowded可知，这里反而很拥挤，故用表示转折的连词，yet符合这一语境。故选B。 6．She wanted to go hiking this weekend, ________ the rain stopped her. A．because B．but C．so 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她这个周末想去徒步旅行，但雨阻止了她。 考查连词辨析。because因为；but但是；so所以。根据“She wanted to go hiking this weekend…the rain stopped her.”可知前半句“想去徒步旅行”表达愿望，后半句“雨阻止了她”表示阻碍，形成转折关系，需用表示转折的连词。故选B。 7．Please tell me the truth, ________ I can help think of the proper solution. A．so B．for C．or D．and 【答案】D 【详解】句意：请告诉我真相，这样我就能帮忙想出合适的解决方案。 考查连词辨析。so所以，以便；for因为；or或者；and和。根据语境可知，前后句为顺承关系，“告知真相”与“帮忙想解决方案”是连贯的逻辑衔接，and符合语境。故选D。 8．It started to rain heavily, ________we had to stay at home. A．so B．or C．because D．but 【答案】A 【详解】句意：天开始下大雨，所以我们不得不待在家里。 考查连词辨析。so所以；or或者；because因为；but但是。根据“It started to rain heavily”和“we had to stay at home”可知，前半句“下雨”是原因，后半句“待在家里”是结果，故选A。 9．My dream job is to be an artist ________ a computer programmer, because I enjoy creative work or solving problems. A．with B．but C．or 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我梦想的工作是成为一名艺术家或者一名电脑程序员，因为我喜欢创造性的工作或者解决问题。 考查连词辨析。with和……一起；but但是；or或者。根据句意，“an artist”和“a computer programmer”是两种不同的职业，属于选择关系，且后文“or solving problems”也暗示选择，故选C。 10．Which skirt is better, the blue one ________ the red one? A．so B．but C．because D．or 【答案】D 【详解】句意：哪条裙子更好，蓝色的还是红色的？ 考查连词辨析。so因此，所以；but但是；because因为；or或者，还是。根据“Which skirt is better”可知，此处是在对蓝色裙子和红色裙子进行选择，询问哪一条更好，所以应该用or表示“或者，还是”。故选D。 11．His words always make everyone ________. We all like him. A．laughing B．laughs C．to laugh D．laugh 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他的话总是让每个人都笑。我们都喜欢他。 考查非谓语动词。根据“His words always make everyone...”可知，此处是“make sb do sth”结构，意为“使某人做某事”，所以此处应用动词原形“laugh”。故选D。 12．—Do you often hear birds ________ around your house? —Yes. When I walked past the trees just now, I heard some of them ________. A．singing; singing B．sing; singing C．singing; to sing D．sing; to sing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你经常听到鸟儿在你家附近歌唱吗？——是的。刚才我经过树丛时，听到一些鸟在唱歌。 考查非谓语动词。hear...do sth表示“听见……经常做某事”，hear...doing sth表示“听见……正在做某事”。根据第一句“often”可知，此处表达听见鸟儿经常在唱歌，应为动词原形，to省略，作宾补；根据“When I walked past the trees just now, I heard some of them...”可知，我经过树丛时，听到一些鸟正在唱歌，第二个空应为现在分词形式，作补足语。故选B。 13．Mike is a book lover. You can see him ________ books in the library every day. A．reading B．to read C．read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Mike是一个书迷。你每天都能看到他在图书馆读书。 考查非谓语动词。根据“every day”可知，此处是习惯性的动作，应用see sb. do sth.结构，表示“看见某人经常做某事”，see后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。 14．—Jenny, I often see you ________. You must like drawing very much. —Yes, it’s my favorite. A．to draw B．drawing C．draw 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——珍妮，我经常看到你画画。你一定很喜欢画画。——是的，这是我的最爱。 考查非谓语动词。see sb do sth看到某人做某事的全过程；see sb doing sth看到某人正在做某事。这里表示经常看到珍妮画画，不是正在进行的动作，所以用see sb do sth的结构，填draw。故选C。 15．Dad won’t let me ________ the mountain alone. He will go with me next week. A．climb B．climbing C．climbed D．to climb 【答案】A 【详解】句意：爸爸不让我一个人去爬山。下星期他将和我一起去。 考查非谓语动词。let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，此处do为省略了to的不定式，故选A。 16．—How heavy! I can’t move the bag. —Don’t worry! Let me ________ you. A．helps B．to help C．helping D．help 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——好重啊！我搬不动这个包。——别担心！让我帮你。 考查非谓语动词。根据let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”可知，空格处应选动词原形。故选D。 17．—I tried to make Kate _________ her mind, but I found it hard.     —Well, I saw you _________ that when I went past. A．change; do B．to change; doing C．changing; do D．change; doing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我尽力让凯特改变主意，但我发现这很难。——哦，我路过时看到你正在这么做。 考查非谓语动词。第一空根据“made Kate...”可知，此处应是make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，此处应使用动词原形作宾语补足语；第二空根据“when I went past”可知，当时动作正在进行，应是see sb. doing sth.，意为“看见某人正在做某事”。故选D。 18．— John, can you come and help me ________ the floor? — Sorry. I’m busy ________ my homework. A．sweep; doing B．clean; to do C．tidy; do 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——约翰，你能来帮我扫地吗？——抱歉。我正忙着做作业。 考查词汇辨析和非谓语动词。sweep打扫；clean清理；tidy整洁的。根据help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”可知，第一空要用动词原形；再根据be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”可知，第二空应用动名词doing。故选A。 19．My parents always make me ________ my homework first after school every day. A．finish B．to finish C．finishing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的父母总是让我每天放学后先完成我的家庭作业。 考查使役动词make的用法。finish完成，动词原形；to finish完成，不定式；finishing完成，动名词或现在分词。make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，是固定搭配。故选A。 20．The volunteer helps the elderly woman ________ her daily chores. A．did B．do C．doing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：志愿者帮助老妇人做日常杂务。 考查非谓语动词。根据help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”可知，此处应用do，不带to的不定式作宾补。故选B。 21．Many students didn’t realize the importance of study _________ they left school. A．if B．until C．though D．because 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多学生直到离开学校才意识到学习的重要性。 考查连词辨析。if如果；until直到；though虽然；because因为。根据“Many students didn’t realize the importance of study... they left school”可知，此处指直到离开学校才意识到，句中didn’t realize为否定结构，与until构成not...until...固定搭配，表示“直到……才……”。故选B。 22．—Tom, let’s play badminton after class. —I’d love to, but I can’t go ________ I finish cleaning the classroom. A．after B．because C．until 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Tom，下课后我们打羽毛球吧。——我很想去，但我直到完成打扫教室工作才能去。 考查连词辨析。after在……之后；because因为；until直到。根据“I can’t go...I finish cleaning the classroom.”可知是直到打扫完教室才能去，not...until“直到……才”符合语境。故选C。 23．They didn’t finish the hard work ________ three days before the great festival. A．although B．until C．unless 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他们直到盛大的节日之前三天才完成这项艰苦的工作。 考查连词辨析。although虽然（表示让步）；until直到（表示时间，常与not连用）；unless除非（表示条件）。根据句子结构“They didn’t finish ...”，这是一个否定句，常与until搭配构成“not ... until”结构，意为“直到……才”，强调动作在盛大的节日之前三天才完成。故选B。 24．There are not so many talents (天才). Many great people just work hard enough ________ they realize their dreams. A．until B．although C．whenever D．if 【答案】A 【详解】句意：天才并不多。许多伟人只是足够努力工作，直到他们实现梦想。 考查连词辨析。until直到；although虽然；whenever无论何时；if如果。根据句意，强调“努力工作”这一动作持续到“梦想实现”的时间点，需用until。故选A。 25．Ann didn’t know anything about the news ________ Mrs. Brown told her. A．because B．until C．if D．but 【答案】B 【详解】句意：直到布朗夫人告诉安，她才知道这个消息。 考查连词辨析。because因为；until直到；if如果；but但是。根据“Ann didn’t know anything about the news…Mrs. Brown told her.”可知，此处指直到布朗夫人告诉安，她才知道这个消息，not...until...“直到……才……”，是固定搭配。故选B。 26．You need to cook the noodles for about ten minutes ________ they’re ready. A．before B．after C．until D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你需要煮面条大约十分钟，直到它们好了。 考查连词辨析。before在……之前；after在……之后；until直到；when当……时。根据“You need to cook the noodles for about ten minutes... they’re ready.”可知，煮面条的动作需要持续到面条好了为止，表示动作的终点，因此用“until”表示“直到”。故选C。 27．I will continue working ________ the project is finished. A．until B．if C．since D．as 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我将继续工作直到项目完成。 考查连词辨析。until直到；if如果；since自从； as当...时、因为。根据句意，主句“继续工作”表示动作持续，从句“项目完成”是动作结束的时间点，需用until表示“直到...为止”的时间截止关系，强调工作会进行到项目完成那一刻。故选A。 28．She didn’t stop trying different ways ________ she found the solution, and that’s how she found artemisinin (青蒿素) with her team. A．as B．when C．until D．after 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她不断尝试不同的方法，直到找到解决方案，这就是她和团队发现青蒿素的过程。 考查连词辨析。as当……时；when当……时；until直到……为止；after在……之后。根据“didn’t stop trying”可知，此处表示“一直尝试到找到解决方案才停止”，“not...until...”是固定句型，意为“直到……才……”，符合语境，故选C。 29．The Tang Dynasty is famous for its poets and poems (诗歌). You won’t know the beauty of those poems ______ you read them again and again. A．when B．until C．after 【答案】B 【详解】句意：唐朝以其诗人和诗歌而闻名。直到你一遍又一遍地读那些诗，你才会知道它们的美。 考查连词辨析。when当……时；until直到；after在……之后。根据“You won’t know the beauty of those poems ... you read them again and again.”可知，此处应填“not...until...”结构，表示“直到……才……”。故选B。 30．Sometimes people can’t understand the importance of time ________ they grow old. A．until B．because C．so D．but 【答案】A 【详解】句意：有时候人们直到变老才明白时间的重要性。 考查连词辨析。until直到；because因为；so所以；but但是。根据“can’t understand the importance of time...they grow old.”可知，此处指直到变老才明白，“not...until...”意为“直到……才……”。故选A。 题型一 语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Eye contact means looking into other people’s eyes. This is 1 very important part of body language. It can be the key to communication. Eye contact can show 2 (feel) such as friendliness, interest and understanding. In Western 3 (country) using eye contact in conversations is very important. If you do not use eye contact, Westerners may think that you are not 4 (listen). And if you look away, they may also think that you are lying. 5 in many Asian (亚洲的) countries, looking down when talking 6 an older person, like a teacher or a parent, is polite. 7 (this) differences can cause (造成) problems. For example, an Asian person might look down while listening to a Western speaker. The Western speaker might think this person is not 8 (interest) in what he or she is saying. Not using eye contact can cause problems, but using too much is 9 (polite), too. In many countries, watching other people, 10 (especial) strangers, for a long time is impolite. This may make them feel nervous. 【答案】 1．a 2．feelings 3．countries 4．listening 5．But 6．with/to 7．These 8．interested 9．impolite 10．especially 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了眼神交流在不同文化中的重要性及其差异。 1．句意：这是肢体语言中非常重要的一部分。此处表示泛指，very的发音以辅音音素开头，用a。故填a。 2．句意：眼神交流可以表达情感，如友好、兴趣和理解。feel是动词，意为“感觉”；show是及物动词，后接名词作宾语，结合“friendliness, interest and understanding”可知，此处需填名词复数形式feelings。故填feelings。 3．句意：在西方国家，对话中使用眼神交流非常重要。country是可数名词，此处应用复数形式countries，表示泛指。故填countries。 4．句意：如果你不用眼神交流，西方人可能会认为你没有在听。结合语境和are可知，动作是正在进行的，需用现在进行时，listen的现在分词是listening。故填listening。 5．句意：但在许多亚洲国家，和长辈（如老师或父母）交谈时低头是有礼貌的。根据“looking down when talking...an older person, like a teacher or a parent, is polite.”和前文内容可知，前文说低头是不礼貌的，此处表示 和长辈交谈时低头是有礼貌的，前后句为转折关系，需用连词but，句首首字母要大写。故填But。 6．句意：但在许多亚洲国家，和长辈（如老师或父母）交谈时低头是有礼貌的。talk with/to sb.是固定搭配，意为“和某人交谈”。故填with/to。 7．句意：这些差异可能会造成问题。空后differences是复数名词，需用these，句首首字母要大写。故填These。 8．句意：西方的说话者可能会认为这个人对他/她所说的内容不感兴趣。“be interested in”是固定搭配，意为“对……感兴趣”。故填interested。 9．句意：不进行眼神交流会造成问题，但使用太多眼神交流也是不礼貌的。but表示转折，说明使用太多眼神交流也是不礼貌的，impolite“不礼貌的”，形容词作表语。故填impolite。 10．句意：在许多国家，长时间盯着别人看，尤其是陌生人，是不礼貌的。especial是形容词，意为“特别的”，此处应用副词形式especially，表示强调。故填especially。 阅读下面短文，然后在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词适当形式。 It felt like a dream come true for Ali from Uzbekistan (乌兹别克斯坦). He was the 1 (win) of the Uzbekistan National Chinese Language Contest. When his sister 2 (return) home from her university study abroad, she was surprised to see his gold medal on the wall. Looking back to a year ago, Ali became 3 (great) interested in Chinese culture after watching an exciting Peking Opera show. The beautiful language and rich history made him fall in love with it. But the journey wasn’t easy. At first, he wasn’t chosen for the school club because his pronunciation was not good. However, he didn’t give up - he believed in 4 (he) and practiced every day after class, repeating words until they sounded right. Ali said, “I know that 5 I hold on to my dream and keep practicing when things get tough, I won’t have the chance to succeed.” 6 the help of his sister (she had studied Chinese before), he improved quickly. She spent hours helping him with his studies, sharing her textbooks, and even cooking noodles while they reviewed new words. Her support was very important. Finally, after months of hard work, he won 7 ten-day free trip to Shanghai as the top prize. How exciting it is 8 (visit) Yu Garden and talk with local people! As Chinese is becoming 9 (popular) than many other languages around the world, his story shows that hard work brings success. Learning Chinese opens new doors to friendships and 10 (chance), and it can do the same for you too! 【答案】 1．winner 2．returned 3．greatly 4．himself 5．unless 6．With 7．a 8．to visit 9．more popular 10．chances 【导语】本文主要讲了乌兹别克斯坦学生阿里通过坚持学习中文，赢得比赛的故事。 1．句意：他是乌兹别克斯坦全国中文比赛的获胜者。根据“the…of”可知，这里表示乌兹别克斯坦全国中文比赛的获胜者，win“赢得”，为动词，此处应用名词作表语，winner“赢家”，为名词。故填winner。 2．句意：当他姐姐从国外留学回家时，她惊讶地看到墙上的金牌。根据主句“was surprised”可知，此处用一般过去时，return“返回”，为动词，过去式是returned。故填returned。 3．句意：回想起一年前，阿里在观看了一场精彩的京剧表演后，对中华文化极大地产生了兴趣。此处修饰形容词interested，应用副词形式，great“伟大的”，为形容词，其副词形式是greatly。故填greatly。 4．句意：然而，他并没有放弃——他相信自己，每天课后都坚持练习，反复读单词直到发音正确。根据“he believed in”可知，此处指相信他自己，he“他”，为人称代词主格，其反身代词形式是himself。故填himself。 5．句意：阿里说：“我知道，除非在困难时我坚持梦想并不断练习，我没有机会成功。”根据“ I hold on to my dream and keep practicing when things get tough, I won’t have the chance to succeed”可知，“坚持梦想、不断练习”与“没有机会成功”构成条件关系，这里表示除非在困难时我坚持梦想并不断练习，unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句。故填unless。 6．句意：在他姐姐 (她之前学过中文) 的帮助下，他进步很快。根据“the help of”可知，这里表示在他姐姐的帮助下，固定搭配with the help of意为“在……的帮助下”。故填With。 7．句意：最终，经过几个月的努力，他赢得了作为头奖的十天免费上海之行。根据“ten-day free trip”可知，这里表示一次十天的免费上海之行，首次提到且泛指，需用不定冠词，ten以辅音音素开头，故用a。故填a。 8．句意：参观豫园并与当地人交谈是多么令人兴奋啊！此处为“It is + adj. + to do”结构，it作形式主语，不定式to visit作真正主语。故填to visit。 9．句意：随着中文在世界范围内变得比许多其他语言更受欢迎，他的故事表明努力会带来成功。根据“than”可知，此处用比较级，popular“受欢迎的”，为多音节形容词，其比较级是more popular。故填more popular。 10．句意：学习中文为友谊和机会打开了新的大门——它也能为你做到同样的事！“and”连接并列名词，且其前“friendships”为复数形式，chance也应保持复数形式，表示泛指“ (多种) 机会”。故填chances。 题型二 阅读理解 Before arriving in China, I had read lots of books about China. Therefore, when I arrived, I was excited to be living in this huge, historically and culturally rich country. It was so greatly different from the UK. The food, the landmarks, the big cities and everyday life—I couldn’t wait to explore. However, learning Chinese hadn’t even entered my mind, not because I was lazy, but because I had no confidence to learn the most difficult language in the world. Besides this, once I moved to China, I lived in Shanghai. It is an international city, with many people speaking English as a second language. So I thought English would be enough. But after a year in China, I found many expats (侨民) spoke Chinese. Perhaps it was achievable (可达到的) after all, I felt uncomfortable because so many Chinese people could speak English, while I couldn’t even speak the most basic Chinese. To face the challenge, I decided to begin my language journey and my only regret is that I didn’t start earlier. In the two years since starting to learn, I have made great progress. Now, I am able to talk in Chinese on many topics. Learning to speak Chinese isn’t as difficult as I once expected. When I speak to Chinese people in Chinese, they almost always understand me. The most challenging thing is listening since Chinese people talk at such a speed (速度). I can’t always understand what’s been said, but my weekly online language exchanges help with this. Learning Chinese has taken a lot of hard work. But there is still a long way to go before I reach my goal of fluency (流利). Learning Chinese not only helps me in day-to-day life, but deepens (加深) my cultural understanding of such a great country. So, to all my non-Chinese friends I say this, don’t be afraid, face the challenge and be confident. 1．What did the writer do after arriving in China? A．He read a lot of books about China. B．He couldn’t wait to study Chinese. C．He tried to learn more about China. D．He missed his life in his home of the UK. 2．How long has the writer learned Chinese since he came to China? A．For a year. B．For two years. C．For three years. D．For four years. 3．Why does the writer think listening is the most challenging? A．He has a hearing problem. B．Chinese people speak too fast. C．Chinese is the most difficult language. D．He doesn’t know much about many topics. 4．What does the writer want to tell us according to the passage? A．It’s never too late to learn. B．A good beginning makes a good ending. C．Great hopes make a great man. D．Nothing is difficult to the man who will try. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位英国人最初因认为汉语难学且在上海可用英语交流而没学中文，一年后受其他侨民鼓舞开始学习，并克服听力等困难取得进步的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The food, the landmarks, the big cities and everyday life—I couldn’t wait to explore.”可知，作者到达中国后，迫不及待地想要探索中国的食物、地标、大城市和日常生活，即尝试更多地了解中国。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But after a year in China, I found many expats (侨民) spoke Chinese. Perhaps it was achievable (可达到的) after all, I felt uncomfortable... I decided to begin my language journey...”以及第四段中“In the two years since starting to learn, I have made great progress.”可知，作者在中国待了一年之后开始学习中文，并且自从开始学习以来已经两年了，所以作者学习中文的时间为两年。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The most challenging thing is listening since Chinese people talk at such a speed (速度).”可知，作者认为听力是最具挑战性的，因为中国人说话速度太快。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。全文通过作者从不敢学中文到克服困难、取得进步的经历，最后鼓励大家“don’t be afraid, face the challenge and be confident”，强调只要勇于尝试，困难就能克服，与“Nothing is difficult to the man who will try” (世上无难事，只怕有心人) 含义相符。故选D。 ①Have you ever watched a silent film and tried to guess what the characters were saying? Body language, like facial expressions, is the mirror of a person’s feelings. It helps us communicate without saying much at all. ②Sometimes we can share the common sense from culture to culture. Turning red-faced shows one’s anger, shock or excitement. The wide eyes with a half-opened mouth mean surprise. Also, some other body movements can express the same meanings in different cultures. For example, being back in one’s seat and yawning at a talk show people are not interested, and looking at the watch from time to time in a conversation means people have something to do in a hurry. ③However, not all body language can show the same meanings in different cultures. What holds true for Indians may not be the same in Africa. First of all, in some cultures, people respect and encourage the direct eye contact. In English, there is a saying, “Don’t trust anyone who won’t look you in the eye.” In many countries, direct eye contact between two people is considered important. According to most Western cultures, if a person looks directly at you, it is a sign that the person is honest and sincere and even can be trusted. While many cultures believe that direct eye contact from a child to an adult is an act of respect. ④The OK sign, which is commonly used in many cultures, also has different meanings across the cultures. It means agreement in North American culture. But to French, it means “zero” or “valueless”, not “fine” or “OK”. Touching is another example. At times, saying hello could turn into a disaster if one does not consider the use of touch in another culture. A general and accepted way of saying “Hello” in Western culture is a simple handshake. A great deal of importance has been placed on how one should shake hands. ⑤So, the next time you decide to travel to another country, besides looking up places to visit, a quick search or a book can guide you on how to use proper body language to better communicate with the local people, and avoid being impolite to them during your stay! 1．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．A silent film. B．The mirror. C．Body language. D．A person’s feeling. 2．According to the passage, which one has the similar meaning from culture to culture? A．Turning red-faced. B．Direct eye contact. C．The OK sign. D．A simple handshake. 3．Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Body language is more important B．Body language helps you go travelling C．Body language changes among cultures D．Body language influences communication 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了肢体语言的作用，以及它在不同文化中的共性与差异，旨在帮助人们理解跨文化交流中肢体语言的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第①段“Body language, like facial expressions, is the mirror of a person’s feelings. It helps us communicate without saying much at all.”可知，这里的“It”指代前文提到的“Body language”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第②段“Sometimes we can share the common sense from culture to culture. Turning red-faced shows one’s anger, shock or excitement.”可知，脸红在不同文化中表达的含义相似。而直接眼神交流、OK 手势、简单握手在文中都被提到有文化差异。故选A。 3．篇章结构题。文章第①段总起，引出肢体语言的话题；第②段介绍不同文化中肢体语言的共性；第③④段通过具体例子说明肢体语言在不同文化中的差异；第⑤段总结，给出跨文化交流时的建议。因此文章结构为“总—分—总”。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要围绕“肢体语言在不同文化中的异同”展开，既提到了共性，也重点阐述了差异，核心是文化间的变化。选项C“Body language changes among cultures”最能概括全文主旨。故选C。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $