Unit 4 Inventions 单元综合测试 2026-2027学年沪教版英语八年级上册 （广东省广州市）

【2026-2027学年】【广东省广州市】【八年级】【上册】【Unit 4 Inventions 单元综合测试】【英语】原创试卷 参考答案及试题分析 一、参考答案 第一节 语法选择（每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 1–5：B C B D B　　6–10：A C A C D 第二节 完形填空（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 11–15：B A C D C　　16–20：B D C B C 第一节 阅读理解（每小题 2 分，共 30 分） 21–25：C D A B A　　26–30：A C D C B　　31–35：C D B D A 第二节 阅读填空（每小题 1 分，共 5 分） 36–40：B A C D E 第一节 配对阅读（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 41–45：D E B C A 第二节 回答问题（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 46. Mobile payment, high-speed trains, bike-sharing and online shopping. 47. Because it makes their lives much easier. 48. About half an hour. / It took about half an hour. 49. Anywhere in the city. / They can pick a bike anywhere in the city. 50. Excited. / They feel excited about China's online shopping. 第一节 语篇填词（每小题 1 分，共 5 分） 51. benefit　52. convenient　53. work　54. create　55. later 第二节 语法填空（每小题 1 分，共 5 分） 56. himself　57. can　58. by　59. The　60. if（多余项：him, A） 第三节 书面表达（满分 20 分） 参考范文： My favourite invention There are many inventions in history. Among all the modern inventions, the laptop is my favourite one. Laptops are light and small. It is easy for us to carry them. A laptop with the internet can help us get the latest information whenever we want. With a laptop, we can work, study and enjoy something interesting on the internet. Using a laptop, we can keep in touch with our friends and family through emails and online messages at any time and in any place. I think it is one of the most amazing inventions of the 21st century. 评分原则与方法： 1. 采取总体评分法，从内容、语言准确性和连贯性三个方面综合考虑予以分档给分。内容方面要求考生能完整地按写作要点进行表述，要点详略得当、表述合理，词数符合写作要求；语言方面要求考生表达准确连贯、符合逻辑。 2. 评价时，先确定所属档次，然后以该档次的要求进行微调，最后给分。原文照抄试卷上文章的原则上给 0 分，但正确引用原文少数句子且运用得当的，不扣分。 3. 要点缺失扣 1 分；时态错误每处扣 0.5 分；全篇时态错误则降一档，扣 2 分。 4. 书写较差以致影响交际的，将酌情扣 0.5 分。 5. 未能给读者传达任何信息，内容太少、无法评判，写的内容均与要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清或空白卷给 0 分。 6. 字数少于 80 词应适当扣分，超过 80 词不扣分。 评分档次与标准： 档次 分数范围 评分要求 第一档 17–20 分 覆盖所有内容要点；应用较多的语法结构和词汇；虽有少许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构所致，具备较强的语言运用能力；有效使用连接成分，全文结构紧凑，表达连贯，完全达到写作目的。 第二档 13–16 分 虽漏掉 1 、 2 个次重点，但覆盖主要内容；语法结构和词汇能满足任务要求；基本准确，些许错误主要是尝试复杂结构所致；使用简单的连接成分，达到写作目的。 第三档 9–12 分 虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖大部分内容；语法结构和词汇能满足任务要求；有一些错误，但不影响理解；使用简单连接成分，内容连贯，基本达到写作目的。 第四档 5–8 分 漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容；语法结构单调，词汇有限；有一些错误，影响理解；较少使用连接成分，信息未能清楚传达。 第五档 0–4 分 明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容；语法结构单调，词汇有限；较多错误，影响理解；缺乏连接成分，内容不连贯，信息未能传达给读者。 二、试题分析 第一节 语法选择 1. B 考点：不定冠词 an。eighth-grade 以元音音素 /e/ 开头，故用 an。易错点：学生易误选 A（a），只看字母忽略 eighth 的实际发音以元音开头。 2. C 考点：介词 on 表具体某天的上午/下午/晚上。on a busy Monday morning。易错点：学生易误选 A（In）/B（At），未掌握具体某一天用 on 的规则。 3. B 考点：一般过去时。全文以叙事口吻讲述 Ju 的经历，用一般过去时。易错点：学生易误选 A（notice）一般现在，忽略故事发生在过去。 4. D 考点：try to do 与 try doing 的区别。try to do 意为"努力去做"，try doing 意为"尝试做"；此处"试图解决这一问题"用 to solve。易错点：学生易误选 B（to solving），try 后不接 to doing 结构。 5. B 考点：介词 of 后接动名词。dream of making a difference 意为"梦想有所作为"。易错点：学生易误选 A（make），忽略 of 是介词。 6. A 考点：形容词修饰名词。special sensors 意为"特制的传感器"。易错点：学生易误选 B（specially），specially 是副词，不能修饰名词 sensors。 7. C 考点：反身代词 by herself 表示"她独自（设计）"。易错点：学生易误选 B（her），by her 不能表达"独自"之意。 8. A 考点：不定代词 few 修饰可数名词复数 parts。as few ... as possible 意为"尽可能少的……"。易错点：学生易误选 C（little），little 修饰不可数名词。 9. C 考点：从属连词 because 表原因。出租车司机也感兴趣，"因为"他们面临类似风险。易错点：学生易误选 A（if），误判为条件关系。 10. D 考点：主将从现。If 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时（it will help）。易错点：学生易误选 A（help），忽略主将从现规则。 第二节 完形填空 11. B（idea） 考点：名词辨析。get the idea for his project 意为"为项目想到一个点子"。易错点：学生易误选 A（dream），语义不搭。 12. A（common） 考点：形容词辨析。a common problem 意为"一个普遍的问题"（鸟类误食毒药较常见）。易错点：学生易误选 B（small），与后文"鸟鼠误食"的普遍性不符。 13. C（different） 考点：形容词辨析。different times 意为"不同的时段"——鸟在白天、鼠在夜晚。易错点：学生易误选 A（busy），与昼夜对比无关。 14. D（control） 考点：动词辨析。传感器"控制"门的开合。易错点：学生易误选 C（protect），protect 意为"保护"，与"开关门"的动作不符。 15. C（environment） 考点：名词辨析。be good for the environment 意为"对环境有益"。易错点：学生易误选 B（science），偏离"保护鸟鼠、节能"的主旨。 16. B（trying） 考点：动词辨析。keep on trying 意为"坚持尝试"。易错点：学生易误选 A（packing），语义不通。 17. D（strong） 考点：形容词辨析。strong glass 意为"坚固的玻璃"，对应 the hard part。易错点：学生易误选 A（clear），与"硬部件"的语境不符。 18. C（praised） 考点：动词辨析。老师"表扬"他的努力与解决问题的能力。易错点：学生易误选 A（inspired），inspired 意为"启发"，与下文 stand out 的肯定语气不符。 19. B（carefully） 考点：副词辨析。plans things out carefully 意为"认真规划"。易错点：学生易误选 C（quietly），quietly 意为"安静地"，不搭。 20. C（competition） 考点：名词辨析。在"比赛"中脱颖而出（前文提到 won a gold medal at ... Exhibition of Inventions）。易错点：学生易误选 B（work），忽略竞赛获奖的语境。 第一节 阅读理解 21. C 细节题。首段 "He got the idea from the way potatoes are grown in the field" 直接定位。易错点：学生易误选 A（radio），radio 只是"像无线电传声一样传图像"的类比对象，并非灵感来源。 22. D 细节题。末段 "He didn't have enough money, so he couldn't continue his television business" 定位；D 是唯一提及资金不足的选项。易错点：学生易误选 C，文中并未说他参军。 23. A 人物评价题。他从小爱科学、十三岁构想电视、坚持发明并保护鸟鼠，可概括为 kind and creative（善良且有创造力）。易错点：学生易误选 B（strict），strict 意为"严厉"，文中无依据。 24. B 排序题。逻辑链：d（画机器图）→ e（当清洁工）→ f（富人资助）→ c（测试首台电视）→ a（击败 RCA）→ b（卖掉公司）。易错点：学生易误选 A，混淆 c 与 d 的先后。 25. A 主旨/感悟题。法恩斯沃斯从土豆田获灵感、鲁班从生活小事获灵感，共同说明"伟大想法常源自日常生活"。易错点：学生易误选 B，成为发明家并不"容易"。 26. A 推理题。文章讲中国古代发明家鲁班，喜欢古代故事的学生最感兴趣。易错点：学生易误选 B/C/D，均与"古代发明"主题无关。 27. C 细节题。"Watching his mother making a quilt" 对应 "after he saw his mother making a quilt"。易错点：学生易误选 D，缝被子是发明的前提，而非"正当他画线时"。 28. D 细节题。"The plane was invented to make flat surfaces on wood" 即"使木头表面平滑"。易错点：学生易误选 A，sawing 是锯子的功能而非刨子。 29. C 推断题。三段分别讲从缝被、草叶割手、木面平整等生活小事中获得发明灵感，说明鲁班善于从日常生活获取点子。易错点：学生易误选 B，文中只举三例，并未说"一生只发明三件"。 30. B 主旨题。全文围绕"发明"展开，介绍鲁班的三项发明。易错点：学生易误选 C（教育），属过度引申。 31. C 写作手法题。第一段以两个问句 "What do you think...? Why is...?" 引出话题。易错点：学生易误选 B，数字出现在第二段而非首段。 32. D 词义猜测题。手抄书既耗时又 dear，与后文"只有少数人买得起、穷人不知书为何物"呼应，dear 意为 expensive。易错点：学生易误选 C（special），special 意为"特别"，不符语境。 33. B 细节题。"Johannes Gutenberg from Germany" 直接定位。易错点：学生易误选 A（Rome），古罗马书商是卖书人，并非印刷术发明者。 34. D 推理题。末段 "millions of readers were created by the printing press ... helped the world develop" 说明印刷术把知识传播给更多人。易错点：学生易误选 C，文中并未比较印刷术与互联网的重要性。 35. A 主旨题。全文讲印刷术如何改变世界（传播知识、推动科技与社会发展）。易错点：学生易误选 D，时间只是细节而非主旨。 第二节 阅读填空 36. B 承上。前句说热气球美丽又神奇，后文展开其构造与原理，B"它们 200 多年前发明于法国"补充背景、引出下文。 37. A 承上。前句说气囊由轻质材料制成，A"它可高达五层楼"补充说明其体积之巨。 38. C 启下。后句"气球开始上升"，C"热空气比冷空气轻因而上浮"解释升空原理。 39. D 启下。后文讲升降操控，D"飞行员可通过改变气温来控制气球"总起本段。 40. E 总结。末句讲日出日落观景，E"从高空可见城市、山川、河流美景"呼应收束。 第一节 配对阅读 41. D　Li Hua 不知练什么、需要计划 → Fit Plan 按年龄身高体重定制运动计划。 42. E　Wang Mei 骑车想知距离与速度 → Cycle Meter 智能表记录骑行路线、距离、速度。 43. B　Zhang Wei 打球想了解身体状态 → Health Ring 测心率与步数。 44. C　Chen Jing 跑步伤膝、想学正确跑法 → Run Fix 指导跑姿、护膝落地。 45. A　Liu Tao 独自慢跑觉无聊、想听点有趣的 → Talk Buds 播音乐与鼓励语。 第二节 回答问题 46. Mobile payment, high-speed trains, bike-sharing and online shopping.（由首段 "the 'Four New Great Inventions'—mobile payment, high-speed trains, bike-sharing and online shopping" 提取） 47. Because it makes their lives much easier.（由 "because it makes their lives much easier" 提取） 48. About half an hour. / It took about half an hour.（由 "the trip took only about half an hour" 提取） 49. Anywhere in the city. / They can pick a bike anywhere in the city.（由 "pick a bike anywhere in the city" 提取） 50. Excited. / They feel excited about China's online shopping.（由 "China's online shopping makes many foreigners feel excited" 提取） 第一节 语篇填词 51. benefit　由 "people can use it to clean dust in different places anytime" 推知是发明的"好处/益处"。 52. convenient　由 popular（受欢迎）及常识推知人们认为它"方便的"。 53. work　didn't work as an inventor 意为"没当过发明家"，work 作"从事……工作"解。 54. create　liked to create something new 意为"喜欢创造新事物"。 55. later　a few years later 固定搭配，意为"几年后"。 第二节 语法填空 56. himself　反身代词，by himself 意为"他自己（独立制作）"。 57. can　情态动词，意为"能够"，students can use technology 学生能够运用科技。 58. by　介词，be impressed by 意为"对……印象深刻"。 59. The　定冠词，the biggest problem 最高级前加 the，意为"最大的问题"。 60. if　从属连词，引导条件状语从句"如果他们努力且永不放弃"。 三、双向细目表 大题 题型 题号 单元知识点 能力层级 情境类型 难度 分值 一、语言知识运用 语法选择 1 不定冠词 an 识记 个人生活 ( 汽车安全发明 ) 0.85 1.5 2 介词 on( 具体某天 ) 识记 个人生活 ( 汽车安全发明 ) 0.85 1.5 3 一般过去时 应用 个人生活 ( 汽车安全发明 ) 0.80 1.5 4 try to do 理解 个人生活 ( 汽车安全发明 ) 0.75 1.5 5 介词 of + doing 理解 个人生活 ( 汽车安全发明 ) 0.80 1.5 6 形容词 special 理解 个人生活 ( 汽车安全发明 ) 0.80 1.5 7 反身代词 herself 理解 个人生活 ( 汽车安全发明 ) 0.80 1.5 8 不定代词 few 理解 个人生活 ( 汽车安全发明 ) 0.80 1.5 9 连词 because 理解 个人生活 ( 汽车安全发明 ) 0.85 1.5 10 主将从现 应用 个人生活 ( 汽车安全发明 ) 0.75 1.5 完形填空 11–20 U4 词汇 + 上下文 + 人物品质 理解 / 应用 五育并举 ( 智育 · 少年发明 ) 0.70 10 二、阅读 阅读理解 A 21–25 细节 / 排序 / 人物评价 分析 科技史 ( 电视发明 ) 0.75 10 阅读理解 B 26–30 细节 / 推断 / 主旨 分析 弘扬传统 ( 鲁班发明 ) 0.70 10 阅读理解 C 31–35 写作手法 / 词义 / 主旨 分析 科技史 ( 印刷术 ) 0.70 10 阅读填空 36–40 语篇衔接与逻辑 分析 时代特色 ( 热气球 ) 0.65 5 三、项目情境 配对阅读 41–45 信息匹配 应用 五育并举 ( 体育 · 运动科技 ) 0.80 10 回答问题 46–50 信息提取与表达 应用 / 分析 时代特色 ( 中国新四大发明 ) 0.65 10 四、写作 语篇填词 51–55 U4 核心词汇 应用 个人生活 ( 发明家 ) 0.65 5 语法填空 56–60 代词 / 情态 / 介词 / 冠词 / 连词 ( 选词 ) 应用 地方特色 ( 广州校园科技 ) 0.60 5 书面表达 — 发明主题写作 综合 个人生活 ( 最喜爱的发明 ) 0.60 20 命题说明： 本卷为原创单元综合测试卷，未冒充任何学校统考试题。命题依据《义务教育英语课程标准（2022 年版）》及沪教版八年级上册 Unit 4 Inventions 单元内容，紧扣"发明"话题，语篇素材源自真实报道（中国日报、北京周报等）或公版书改编，融入鲁班传统发明、广交会少年发明、中国新四大发明、广州校园科技等广州特色与时代元素，体现立德树人导向，并在相应板块标注"新趋势"特色标签（五育并举·智育/体育、弘扬传统文化、凸显地方特色、凸显时代特色）。全卷预设难度约 0.65。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【2026-2027学年】【广东省广州市】【八年级】【上册】【Unit 4 Inventions 单元综合测试】【英语】原创试卷 （本试卷共四大题，满分 110 分，考试时间 100 分钟。） 命题人： 学校： 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必在答卷上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的学校、姓名、考号。 2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。不能答在试卷上。 3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域的相应位置上；如需要改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 一、语言知识运用（共两节；满分 25 分） 第一节 语法选择（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从 1~10 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Have you ever almost knocked into someone when opening the car door to get out? Ju Wenxuan was ___1___ eighth-grade student from Shanghai Yangpu Bilingual School. She invented a device to help reduce such accidents. ___2___ a busy Monday morning, I was rushing to school," Ju said. "Sitting in the back of a car during peak hours, I ___3___ it was hard to check if opening the door was safe." Ju found one thing—some devices tried ___4___ this problem. But they usually come only with the newest smart cars among all cars. Dreaming of ___5___ a difference, Ju developed a new device that could be put on the car's wing mirror. Using ___6___ sensors, the device can find people or cars in the mirror as they get closer. When someone gets too close, it can even automatically warn drivers if the door handle is pulled. Ju designed the device by ___7___ to make sure it met real needs. She made a survey and discovered that most people wanted a device priced around 300 yuan. So she worked hard to bring down the cost of her device, such as using as ___8___ parts as possible without lowering quality. "I found that taxi drivers also showed an interest in the device, ___9___ they often face similar risks," Ju said. "If my invention can be widely used, it ___10___ reduce accidents. It could also be changed for other uses, such as keeping children safe by making a warning sound when someone gets close to them." 1. A. a　　B. an　　C. the　　D. / 2. A. In　　B. At　　C. On　　D. For 3. A. notice　　B. noticed　　C. am noticing　　D. will notice 4. A. solve　　B. to solving　　C. solved　　D. to solve 5. A. make　　B. making　　C. made　　D. to make 6. A. special　　B. specially　　C. specialize　　D. speciality 7. A. she　　B. her　　C. herself　　D. hers 8. A. few　　B. a few　　C. little　　D. a little 9. A. if　　B. when　　C. because　　D. unless 10. A. help　　B. helped　　C. helps　　D. will help 第二节 完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） （新趋势·五育并举：智育） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 11~20 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 14-year-old Lai Yucheng from Changjun Furong Middle School, Hunan, won a gold medal at the Paris International Exhibition of Inventions: a mouse bait feeding device. Lai got the ___11___ for his project after seeing a bird die from eating poison meant for mice at his school. After looking it up online and reading news stories, he found that this was a ___12___ problem. "I noticed that birds and mice are active at ___13___ times—birds during the day and mice at night," said Lai. With this in mind, Lai made the device to be powered by the energy from the sun. The sensors ___14___ the doors, closing them during the day to protect birds and opening them at night for mice. "This makes the device good for the ___15___ and saves energy," said Lai. Lai didn't succeed at first. He kept on ___16___ many times to make it work perfectly. He used ___17___ glass to create the hard part for the door that opens and closes. At the top, he made a special space for all the electronic parts. Lastly, he put the solar panel on top to power the whole set, finishing his smart device. Chen Shuizhang, Lai's teacher, ___18___ his hard work and problem-solving skills. "Lai is good at finding a problem in the real world and coming up with a cool solution. He always plans things out ___19___ and works hard. That's what made him stand out in this ___20___," said Chen. 11. A. dream　　B. idea　　C. job　　D. chance 12. A. common　　B. small　　C. new　　D. boring 13. A. busy　　B. early　　C. different　　D. happy 14. A. paint　　B. fix　　C. protect　　D. control 15. A. traffic　　B. science　　C. environment　　D. culture 16. A. packing　　B. trying　　C. heating　　D. showing 17. A. clear　　B. broken　　C. colourful　　D. strong 18. A. inspired　　B. needed　　C. praised　　D. discovered 19. A. thankfully　　B. carefully　　C. quietly　　D. suddenly 20. A. exam　　B. work　　C. competition　　D. plan 二、阅读（共两节；满分 35 分） 第一节 阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从 21~35 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 (A) Philo T. Farnsworth was born at the start of the 20th century and grew up on a potato farm. As a boy, he loved to learn about science, and he read a lot of science books. When he was only thirteen years old, he drew a picture of a machine that could send pictures as a radio sends sounds. He got the idea from the way potatoes are grown in the field. The potatoes grew in long lines, side by side. This made a shape in Philo's mind. This shape helped Philo think of a way to send TV pictures onto a piece of glass. But Philo could not turn his idea into a machine at that time because he was poor. Besides, he was so young that no one would listen to his idea or give him support. Later, Philo had different kinds of jobs. He worked with trees. He worked on broken radios. He worked on trains. He also worked as a street cleaner. At last, two rich men heard about his idea for television, and they gave him money to make it. On 7 September 1927, they watched Philo test the machine that he made. When Philo turned on the machine, a small line appeared on the glass. Philo said, "Here you have it, electric television." After that, a big company, RCA, said they had made the first television. Philo had to spend a lot of money fighting with them. Finally, he won and he was thought to be the first person to invent the television. Then, World War II (1939–1945) took place. During the war, Philo carried out research for the US army. Years of expensive patent fights brought great pressure to his business. He didn't have enough money, so he couldn't continue his television business. After the war, other bigger and richer companies started making new televisions. In the end, Philo had to sell his company. 21. Where did Philo get the idea of TV? A. From the radio.　　B. From a machine.　　C. From potato fields.　　D. From science books. 22. Why didn't Philo go on his television business according to the passage? A. He was in poor health after World War II.　　B. The government didn't allow him to open his company. C. He joined the army when World War II began.　　D. He didn't have enough money as he gave it to his country. 23. Which of the following best describes Philo? A. Kind and creative.　　B. Smart and strict.　　C. Careless but helpful.　　D. Brave but forgetful. 24. In what order did the following happen in Philo's life? a. He beat RCA finally.　　b. He sold his own company.　　c. He tested the first television. d. He drew a picture of a machine.　　e. He cleaned the rubbish on the street.　　f. Two rich men gave him money to do experiments. A. c→d→e→f→a→b　　B. d→e→f→c→a→b　　C. c→a→f→d→e→b　　D. d→c→b→a→f→e 25. What can we learn from the passage? A. Great ideas often come from everyday life.　　B. It is easy to become a famous inventor. C. Rich people always have good ideas.　　D. Young people cannot be inventors. (B) （新趋势·弘扬传统文化） Lu Ban was a clever inventor in ancient China. He created many useful tools by observing everyday life. Here are some of his most famous inventions inspired by simple things around him. Watching his mother making a quilt, Lu Ban created the ink line to mark a straight line on wood to saw it properly. One day, Lu Ban cut his hand on a leaf. He came up with a good idea. He invented the saw. The plane was invented to make flat surfaces on wood. 26. Who might be most interested in reading this passage? A. A student who enjoys ancient stories.　　B. A driver who plans to buy a new car. C. A cook who wants to try new recipes.　　D. A sports fan who likes watching football matches. 27. When did Lu Ban invent the ink line? A. Before his son was born.　　B. After he saw wood in a proper way. C. After he saw his mother making a quilt.　　D. While he was marking a straight line on wood. 28. What's the plane used for? A. Sawing wood.　　B. Flying in the sky.　　C. Heating the ink up.　　D. Making wood smooth. 29. What can we infer from the passage? A. Lu Ban's son was not very clever.　　B. Lu Ban only invented three tools in his life. C. Lu Ban was good at getting ideas from everyday life.　　D. Lu Ban invented the saw after he invented the ink line. 30. What is the theme of the passage? A. Sports.　　B. Invention.　　C. Education.　　D. Nature. (C) What do you think is the most important invention in the last 1,000 years? Many people say that it's the printing press that allows them to print copies or books. Why is the printing press so important in human history? Here is some introduction to the history of the printing press. Before the printing press was invented, people depended on hand copying to produce books. An ancient Roman book trader sometimes sold as many as 5,000 copies of a book. They were copied by slaves. But copying a book took so much time and was so dear. As a result, usually only a small part of the people could buy and read books. Poor people didn't even know what a book was. In 1450, Johannes Gutenberg from Germany invented the modern printing press. The effect of his machine was compared to the invention of the internet. Gutenberg's printing press was easy to use with languages such as English that had alphabetic words. After 1450, thousands of copies of a popular book or newspaper could be made quickly and cheaply. Books and newspapers with ideas and pictures from all over the world went into the market for the general public. Reading has brought about amazing changes in science and technology. People have learnt how to create wealth and even travel to faraway places. Computers, mobile phones, and the internet have grown, because millions of readers were created by the printing press. Since 1450, more and more people have become readers. These readers helped the world develop at a fast speed. 31. How does the writer develop Paragraph 1? A. By telling stories.　　B. By giving numbers.　　C. By asking questions.　　D. By showing opinions. 32. What does the underlined word "dear" mean in Paragraph 2? A. Dirty.　　B. Free.　　C. Special.　　D. Expensive. 33. Where was Johannes Gutenberg from? A. Rome.　　B. Germany.　　C. England.　　D. America. 34. Which of the following might the writer agree with? A. People stopped copying books by hand after 1450.　　B. Hand-copied books were cheaper than printed books. C. The internet is more important than the printing press.　　D. The printing press helped spread knowledge to more people. 35. What is the passage mainly about? A. How the printing press changed the world.　　B. What the first modern printing press looked like. C. Why reading books is popular around the world.　　D. When the first modern printing press was invented. 第二节 阅读填空（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） 阅读短文及文后 A~E 选项，选出可以填入 36~40 各题空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Have you ever dreamed of flying in a hot air balloon? Hot air balloons are not only beautiful but also amazing flying machines. ___36___ Let's discover the secrets of how they work! A hot air balloon has three main parts: the balloon (called the envelope), the basket, and the burner. The envelope is made of strong, light materials. ___37___ The basket carries the pilot and passengers, while the burner sits above the basket. So how does a hot air balloon fly? It's all about hot air! When the pilot turns on the burner, it heats the air inside the envelope. ___38___ That's why the balloon begins to rise up into the sky. ___39___ When the pilot wants to go higher, they make the air inside hotter. When they want to come down, they let some hot air out through an opening at the top. The balloon then becomes cooler and heavier, so it goes down slowly. Flying in a hot air balloon is a peaceful experience. Unlike airplanes, hot air balloons move silently with the wind. ___40___ That's why many people choose to fly in hot air balloons during sunrise or sunset to enjoy the most beautiful views. A. It can be as tall as a five-story building! B. They were invented over 200 years ago in France. C. Hot air is lighter than cold air, so it floats upward. D. Pilots can control the balloon by changing the air temperature. E. You can see amazing views of cities, mountains, and rivers from high above. 三、项目情境（读写综合）（共两节；满分 20 分） 为了让学生更好地了解科技在生活中的应用，学校举办"科技与生活"主题周。老师邀请你担任小助理，协助宣传和推广相关活动。 第一节 配对阅读（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） （新趋势·五育并举：体育） 【新题型】学校在宣传角展示了五款新型运动科技产品，请根据每位同学的描述，为每个人推荐最合适的产品，并将答案涂在答题卡上。 同学描述 运动科技产品 41. Li Hua wants to keep fit. But he doesn't know what sports to do. He needs a plan to help him start. 42. Wang Mei plans to ride around the Pearl River this Sunday. She wants to know how far and how fast she rides. 43. Zhang Wei plays basketball every Saturday. He wants to know about his body when he does sports. 44. Chen Jing likes running. But he often hurts his knees when he runs. He wants to know how to run in the right way. 45. Liu Tao usually jogs alone. Sometimes he finds it boring. He hopes to listen to something interesting to bring more fun. A. Talk Buds are smart earphones. When you run, they can play your favourite music and say encouraging words like "Keep going!" They make your workout more fun and lively. B. Health Ring tells you how fast your heart beats. It also counts your steps. With this ring, you can learn more about your body and know if you are exercising in a healthy way. C. Run Fix is a smart app. It watches you run through your phone and tells you how to run in the right way. It also teaches you how to land softly to protect your knees. D. Fit Plan will ask you about your age, height and weight. Then it will make some sports plans just for you. You can choose the one that suits you best. E. Cycle Meter is a smartwatch. It records your cycling route, distance, and speed every time you ride. It also shows your riding time and average speed. 41. ______　42. ______　43. ______　44. ______　45. ______ 第二节 回答问题（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 【新题型】为了让同学们深入了解中国近年来的科技创新成果，学校在教学楼大厅里陈列着"中国新四大发明"主题海报。请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答五个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、信息完整切题。 The "Four Great Inventions" in ancient China are important symbols of the country. Now China has the "Four New Great Inventions"—mobile payment, high-speed trains, bike-sharing and online shopping. They are changing people's lives in China and maybe all over the world. Mobile payment has become a part of Chinese people's everyday life because it makes their lives much easier. "My wallet is not in use any longer. I can buy almost anything I want with my mobile phone," said Lin. "Even vegetable sellers are using mobile payment." By the end of 2016, China had the world's largest high-speed railway network. More than 2,500 high-speed trains were running across China each day. Lin Jinlong, a foreign student from Cambodia, shared his experience of travelling by Chinese high-speed train from Beijing to Tianjin. The two cities are over 100 km away, but the trip took only about half an hour. "That was amazing!" Lin said. Bike-sharing is not new itself, but the bike-sharing in China is special—it allows users to pick a bike anywhere in the city and leave it anywhere at the end of their journey. It's really easy, cheap and green. A bike-sharing company has even brought the service to other countries. You are out if you have never shopped online. Now you can buy almost everything on the internet, and your things usually come on the same day or the next day. China's online shopping makes many foreigners feel excited. Online shopping also saves people a lot of time because they don't need to go to the stores themselves. 46. What are the "Four New Great Inventions" of China? 47. Why has mobile payment become a part of Chinese people's everyday life? 48. How long did Lin Jinlong's high-speed train trip from Beijing to Tianjin take? 49. Where can users pick a bike when using bike sharing in China? 50. How do foreigners feel about China's online shopping? 四、写作（共三节；满分 30 分） 第一节 语篇填词（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） 阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。答卷时，要求写出完整单词。 James Dyson is a famous British inventor. One of his well-known inventions is the bagless vacuum cleaner. The 51. b______ of the invention is that people can use it to clean dust in different places anytime. It is popular because people think it is 52. c__________. Dyson is over 70 years old now. At first, he didn't 53. w______ as an inventor. When he studied art in London, he found that he liked to 54. c______ something new. In 1975, he invented his own product, the Sea Truck. Then Dyson built up a company with his partners to make and sell another invention. After that, Dyson began to make the bagless vacuum cleaner better. In 1985, Dyson began to sell his product. But few people bought his product. So he didn't make much money. A few years 55. l______, Dyson decided to produce and sell the machine on his own. By 2005, Dyson's products often appeared in advertisements. 第二节 语法填空（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） 【新题型】请从方框内选择适当的词填空，使短文完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。 by　if　him　The　can　A　himself （新趋势·凸显地方特色） At a school in Guangzhou, the science fair attracted a lot of attention. A student showed a small weather station he built by ___56___. It was made of simple materials, but it worked perfectly, measuring temperature, humidity and wind speed. His teacher praised his work and said, "It is a great example of how students ___57___ use technology to solve real problems." His classmates also cheered for him. A number of visitors were very impressed ___58___ his invention. The student explained that he had spent months reading, testing and making small changes. He spent many evenings working on it. "___59___ biggest problem was getting the machine to work correctly," he said. "I failed many times, but I kept going." He hopes his project will encourage more students to try science and technology. "Anyone can invent something useful ___60___ they work hard and never give up," he added with a bright smile. 第三节 书面表达（共 1 小题；满分 20 分） 假如你是李华，你校英语广播台现开设 My Favourite Invention 栏目，以"My favourite invention"为题向全校学生征集稿件。请根据以下思维导图的内容提示写一篇短文投稿，介绍你最喜爱的发明。 注意： 1. 可在思维导图内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息； 2. 词数 80 左右（短文的标题和开头已给出，不计入词数）； 3. 不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。 My favourite invention There are many inventions in history. _______________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $