专题03 必修第一册Unit 4 单元词汇短语句型语法梳理（期中图文版知识清单）高一英语上学期译林版

重点词类必背（1) 必记高频动词（1) 2cm 1.skip vt.不做（应做的事情等）；跳过vi,蹦蹦跳跳地走；略过 2cm 2.slim vi.变苗条，减肥ad.苗条的；微薄的，小的 3.diet n.日常饮食；节食vi.节食，进行规定饮食 4.function vi..起作用，正常工作，运转n.作用，功能，职能 5.within prep.在（某段时间）之内；在（某段距离、范围） 之内；在…里 6.rather adv.相反，而是；相当；更准确地说 7.aspect n.方面，层面 8.attack n.发作；攻击；抨击vt.&vi,攻击；侵袭；抨击 9.amount n.数量 10.schedule n.日程安排，工作计划；时间表 l1.negative adj,.消极的，负面的；坏的，有害的；否定的 12.plastic ad.可塑的；塑料的n.塑料 13.campus n.(大学、学院的)校园，校区 14.saying n.格言，谚语，警句 15.male adj.男性的；雄性的n.男性，雄性 3cm 210mm 重点词类必背(2) 16.female ad.女性的；雌性的n.女性，雌性 17.fashion n.时尚，时兴；流行款式 18.shadow n.阴影，影子；昏暗处，阴暗处 19.content n.内容；目录 20.individuality n.个性，个人特征 21.yogurt n.酸奶 2cm 2cm 22.sexn.性别QO 23.nutrition n.营养 24.surgery n.外科手术 25.jeans n.牛仔裤 0100101 26.digital ad数码的，数字的 011010 27.series n.(pl.series)一系列，连续 28.external adj.外来的，外在的； 外面的，外部的 3cm XKW 高频短语必背（1) 1.skip meals不吃饭，漏餐☒ 2.pass out失去知觉，昏倒 3.go on a diet节食（强调动作） 4.be on a diet在节食（强调状态） 5.keep a balanced diet保持均衡的饮食 6.take in吸收；理解；欺骗 7.get into shape强身健体，塑身 2cm 2cm 8.in the shape of呈…的形状；以…形式 9.out of shape变形，走样；不健康 10.function asi起…作用；具有…功能8→回 11.concentrate on集中（注意力）于；全神贯注于 12.focus on集中（注意力）于；关注 l3.have an effect/influence on对…有影响图 14,conribute to促成，导致；贡献于；捐赠智→兰 15.be concerned about担心，忧虑；关注 16.rather than而不是；与其…不如③> 3cm 210mm(A4) 高频短语必背（2) 17.a series of 25.in one's own skin 一系列，一连串 自在，舒适 18.compare...to /with 26.for those who 把…与…比较 m 对于那些…的人 19.live up to 27.in a society where 达到，符合（标准、期望） 在一个…的社会里 20.guard against 员 28.apart from 防备，提防 除了…之外（还/也） 2cm 21.turn to 29.a sense of 2cm @©o 求助于；转向；翻到 一种…感 22.warn sb against doing 30.be based on 警告某人不要做… 以…为基础，基于 23.take pride in 31.be filled with 以…为自豪，对…感 充满，填满 到骄傲 32.on the inside 24.build one's confidence 在内心，内在（与外表 建立自信 相对) ★ 3cm Unit4重点句型背诵卡(1) 1.关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句+不定式目的状语 In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful,teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly. 译：在一个往往以瘦为美的社会里，青少年有时会借助极 端的方法来快速减肥。 2.that引导的限制性定语从句（主/宾） Jennifer's Case Jennifer's case is a reminder of the dangers of the unhealthy weight-loss habits that have become common among teenagers of both sexes. 译：珍妮弗的案例提醒我们，在男女青少年中都已变得常 见的不健康减肥习惯的危险。 3.who定语从句+it形式主语+that主语从句 DANGEROUS PROPERLY However,for those who are dangerously overweight,it is very important that they try to lose weight properly. 译：然而，对于那些严重超重的人来说，努力以恰当的方 式减肥是非常重要的。 4.that宾语从句+it形式主语+sincel原因状语从句+不定式目的★★★ HEALTHY BALANCED DIET She pointed out that it is important to have a healthy balanced diet since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well. 译：她指出，健康均衡的饮食十分重要，因为青少年仍在 发育，身体需要大量营养才能正常运转。 NUTRITION 5.encourage sb to do+because状语从句+动名词主语+不定式 We strongly encourage all teenagers to follow these UVING WELL-GET INTO SHAPE lifestyle tips,because living well is the safest and most effective way to get into shape. 译：我们强烈建议所有青少年遵从这些生活方式的小贴士， 因为好好生活是最安全、最有效的强身健体之道。 MOVIE 【Unit4重点句型背诵卡(2)】 STAR 6.who定语从句+不定式被动(for sb to do) POP STAR (1)Teens who try to copy the looks of their favourite stars (2)are fighting a losing battle- (3)these standards are simply impossible (4)for most of the population to live up to. “模仿明星的无望之战” 译：那些试图模仿最喜爱明星形象的青少年，正在打一场无望取胜的仗一一对这 些标准，大多数人根本无法企及。 7.what引导宾语从句（介词后） (1)Standards of beauty in the media (2)can have a big influence on (3)what you think of your physical appearance. “媒体审美影响自我认知” 译：媒体中的审美标准会对你如何看待自己的外表产生很大影响。 8.不定式目的状语+t形式主语+比较级 (1)Your friends may post a never-ending series of photos online (2)to show off their beautiful dresses or strong bodies, (3)and it becomes easier for you to compare yourself to them. 译：你的朋友可能上网发一系列没完没了的照片来炫耀漂亮的“杜交媒体炫耀引发比较” 衣服或健壮的体魄，于是你更容易拿自己和他们比较。 9.prove(linking v.主动表被动)+todo+what从句 (1)This has proved to have a negative effect (2)on what you think of your physical appearance. 译：这已被证明对你如何看待自己的外表有消极影响。 “已证明的负面影响” 10.that宾语从句+the way后省略关系词的定语从句 Love You As You Are (1)Keep in mind that your family and friends (2)love you just the way you are 译：请记住，你的家人和朋友就是爱你本来的样子。 “爱你本来的样子” MOVIE 007 Unit4 重点句型背诵卡 (3) 必记高频动词句型 11.动名词作主语+how宾语从句 Hearing how much they value you can help you feel comfortable in your own skin. 译：听到他们多么在乎你，能帮助你更好地接受（自 在于)自己的样子。 12.动名词作主语+宾语补足语 Focusing on your strengths also helps you build your confidence. STRENGTHS 译：专注于自己的长处也能帮你建立自信。 l3.so并列句+定语从句省略关系词+instead of介词短语 Everyone has their own talents-you may be good at painting or playing the piano,so take TAKE PRIDE! pride in things you do well instead of worrying about things you cannot change. 译：人人都有天赋一一你也许擅长画画或弹钢琴， INSTEAD OF 所以要为自己做得好的事感到自豪，而不是为你 WORRYING 无法改变的事烦恼。 14.t形式主语+不定式（真正主语） Finally,it is a good idea to try to direct your NEGATIVE THOUGHTS attention away from negative thoughts. 译：最后，努力把注意力从消极想法上转移开是个好主意。 凸 15.不定式目的状语+定语从句省略关系词 DO SOMETHING YOU ENJOYI To achieve this,you should do something you enjoy. 译：要做到这一点，你应该做一些自己喜欢的事。 whose which when where thing thing thing- -whos thing可 wihy who Unit4定语从句语法卡 (1) why 一、定语从句与关系词回顾 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句；被修饰的名词/代词叫先行词 (antecedent);引导词叫关系词。 定语从句。 先行词(antecedent) 关系词 Unit3关系代词(Pronouns) Unit4关系副词(Adverbs) 学了who/whom/whose/which/that, 学when/where/why, which 在从句中作主/宾/定 在从句中作状语（时间/地点/原因） 6b6 →与关系代词共同构成完整的定语从句体系。 二、when指时间（先行词为表时间的名词） when=介词+which,在从句中作时间状语，不可充当主/宾。 Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night's rest? 你记得那段没有烦値、能安心入睡的时光吗？ They are still growing,and night is the time when their bodies grow faster. 夜是身体长得更快的时候。 三、where指地点（先行词为表地点的名词） where=介词+which,在从句中作地点状语。先行词不限于表地点的名词， 也可为situation、case、point、society等抽象“地点”（橙色高亮标注）。 situation孟 case户 point© society In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful... 在一个以瘦为美的社会里… Teenagers may experience situations where body development slows down. 青少年可能遇到身体发育放缓的情形。 四、why指原因（先行词为reason). why=for which,.在从句中作原因状语，先行词只能是reason。 One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night's sleep is pressure from school or work. 人们睡不好觉的原因之一是来自学业或工作的压力。 CAB h必 高频派生词转换必背( 最高频考点) l.immediately ad.立即，马上 9.frightened ad.害怕的，惊吓的，受惊的 conj.-…就-→immediate →frighten v.使吃惊；惊吓；吓唬 ad,立即的；目前的；直接的 →frightening adj. 令人恐惧的，可怕的 2.concentrate vi..&t.集中（注意力、 →fright n.害怕，恐惧 思想等)；全神贯注 →concentration n.专心，专注； 10.pressure n.心理压力，紧张；压力； 关注，重视集中，聚集 要求，催促 TRE →concentrated ad. →press v.压，按；压迫 全力以赴的；集中的；浓缩的 3.extreme adi,极端的；严重的 11.memory n.记忆力，记性；记忆，回忆 n极端不同的感情（或境况、 行为方式等) →memorize vt. →extremely adv..非常；极其 记住；背热 4.concerned adj,担心的，忧虑的； 12.treatment n.治疗；对待，待遇；处理 关注的，关切的 →concern n.担心，关心 →treat v. t使担忧，涉及 治疗；对待，款待 →concerning prep.关于；涉及 13.addition n.增加，添加；加法 5.effect n.效果，作用；影响 1+1=2 →add vt.增加；添加；补充说 X →effective ad. 回回国因 ▣▣g▣ →additional adj.附加的，外加的 有效的；生效的 ▣口g →additionally adv..此外 6.prove linking v.后来被发现是 14.strength n.优势；力气，力量；实力 vt证明，证实 →strengthen v. 零 →proof n.证据；证明 加强，增强 7.slightly ad,稍微，略微 15.talent n.天资，天赋；人才，天才 →slight ad.轻機的；细小的 →talented adj.. 天才的，有才能的 8.energetic adj.,精力充沛的，充满活力的16.achievement n.成就，成绩； →energy n.精力，活力；能量 达到，完成 →energize v.使活跃；供给…能量 →achieve v.实现；达到；完成 →energetically adv.. 积极地；精力充沛地 可实现的，Aeo 可达到的 KLM 0) ⊙ VY2 必考分词搭配+edng形容词辨析 必考介词固定搭配（考法：固定搭配挖空） 序号 因定搭配 中文含义 辅助记忆插图 1. concentrate on 集中注意力于 Q 2. focus on 集中（注意）于；关注 ©◎ 3. have an effect /influence on 对…有影响 4. contribute to 促成，导致；贡献于 型 5. be concerned about 担心，忧虑；关注 6. be based on 以…为基础，基于 6古色 7. be filled with 充满，填满 8. take pride in 以…为自豪 9. compare...to with 把…与…比较 10. warn sb against doing 警告某人不要做… 11. turn to 求助于；转向 8 12. apart from 除了…之外 88而 -ed/-ing形容词辨析 (必区分) 动词 -ed形容词（人) 中文含义 -ing形容词（物） 中文含义 辅助记忆插图 frighten frightened 感到害怕的 frightening 令人害怕的 鑫 worry worried 感到担忧的 worrying 令人担忧的 夏 interest interested 感兴趣的 interesting 有趣的 g可 confuse confused 感到困惑的 confusing 令人困惑的 satisfy satisfied 感到满意的 satisfying 令人满意的 提示：本单元ashamed(感到羞愧的)、confident(自信的)本身 就是-ed类形容词，无对应常用-ing形式，切勿随意加-ing。 GRAMMAR 定语从句考点+必考句型仿写 心关系副词选用 (when/where/why) 三步法 ①看先行词性质 ②看从句缺什么成分 ③看能否换为介词+which ⊙ ->when 缺状语→ 关系副词 when on/in which 函 -where where in/at which p → why 缺主/宾8。→关系代词 why for which ☑用法示例 .when:Do you remember a time when you had no worries?(=on which) ·地点/情形where:In a society where being thin is seen as beautiful..(=in which) ·原因why:One of the reasons why people fail to sleep is pressure..(∈for which) 个易错点 ①关系副词仅作状语，若从句缺主/宾语（如visit the factory)必须用that/which; ②where?先行词可为situation/case/point等抽象地点名词； (situation(case ③why仅用于修饰先行词reason。.reason日 point >必考句型仿写/汉译英 1.where定语从句 2.it形式主语+that主语从句 在一个以瘦为美的社会里，青少年 辑 有时求助于极端的方法。 对于那些超重的人，怡当减肥很重要。可 In a society where being thin is seen as For those who are overweight,it is very beautiful,teenagers sometimes turn to important that they try to lose weight extreme methods. properly. 3.动名词作主语 4.prove(系动词)主动表被动 专注于长处能帮你建立自信。 这被证明对他们的外表有消极影响。 Focusing on your strengths helps you This has proved to have a negative build your confidence. effect on what they think of their appearance. 5.encourage sb to do because 6.the wayl后定语从句省略 我们達议青少年健康饮食，因为好好 家人爱你本来的样子。 生活最能强身健体。 We encourage teenagers to eat healthily Your family love you just the way you because living well is the best way to are. get into shape. 高中英语高频易混辨析·形容词&近义短语(1) 辨析01-ed形容词vs-ing形容词 例句：The frightening experience made me frightened.(令人害怕的经历让我感到害怕) 词对 -ed(指人，感到…的) -ing(指物/事，令人…的) frighten frightened frightening 感到害怕的 令人害怕的 worried worry worrying 感到担忧的 令人担忧的 interest目 interested interesting 感兴趣的 有趣的 confuse③ confused confusing 感到困惑的 令人困惑的 satisfy satisfied satisfying 應到满意的 令人满意的 记忆：ed用“人/感受者”，ing用 “物/事 (令人…的) 辨析o2 rather than/instead of/other than 短语 词性/用法 例句 rather than 连词，连接并列 He decided to call rather than write. instead of 介词，后接doing/n. She went jogging instead of staying in. other than 介词，除…之外 He never speaks to anyone other than his mum. 记忆：rather than连词“而不是” (连接并列成分，常用于prefer A rather than B);instead of:介词“代替”（后接名词/doing);other than介词“除了”。 高中英语高频易混辨析·名词&定语从句语法(2) 辨析o3 effect/affect/influence 词 词性 例句 1 effect n.影响；效果 The medicine had a good effect. 鱼8 2 affect t.影响 The rain affected our plan. 分 3 influence n.t.影响 Media can influence what you think. 记忆：effect多作名词“影响/效果” (have an effect on);affect作及物动词 “影响”（主语多为物/事）；influence可作名/恸“影响”，侧重潜移默化的作用。 辨析04diet/food 词 含义 例句 4 diet 日常饮食；节食 We should keep a balanced diet 5 food 食物（总称) Food and drink are necessary for life. 记忆：diet指日常（定质定量的）饮食或节食，常作可数名词(a balanced diet) food指食物总称，常作不可数，表种类时可数。 辨析05when/where/why(关系副词)vs关系代词 情形 选用 例句 6 when /on which 00 缺时间状语 I remember the day when we met 缺地点/情形状语 7 where/in which This is the situation where we stay calm. 缺原因状语 (reason) why /for which That's the reason why he left. 缺宾语 9 that /which/who This is the book that I bought. 记忆：看从句谓语动词：不及物或主宾齐全→缺状语→关系副词； 及物且缺宾语/住语→关系代词。where先行词可为抽象地点。 高中英语高频易混辨析•动词短语&特殊用法(3) 辨析06 concentrate on/focus on 短语 侧重 例句 Concentrate on ①concentrate on 专心，聚精会神 your study. ②focus on 聚焦，关注 We should focus on our strengths. 记忆：二者近义，均表“集中（注意力）于”，常可互换；concentrate偏 专心、聚精会神”，focus偏“聚焦、关注重点”。 辨析O7 be concerned about/concerned with 结构 含义 例句 ③be concerned about 担心，关切 We are concerned about her health. 关于，涉及 The book is ④be concerned with concerned with diet. 记忆：be concerned about担心、忧虑（人作主语，表情绪）；be concerned with与…有关、涉及（事物作主语）。 辨析O8 prove(系动词，主动表被动)， vs prove (及物动词) 用法 语态 例句 系动词： prove (to be)+adj./n. 主动表被动 The method proved (to be)effective. ⑥及物动词：prove sth. 被动可用 It is proved that he was right. 记忆：prove作系动词“后来被发现是”时主动形式表被动，后接adj,n.(prove (tobe)+adj./n.),无被动；作及物动词“证明”时可用于被动(be proved that…)o 应用文写作必背素材(1)： 安慰类书信·外貌焦虑主题 )>写作题目 假定你是李华，你的外国笔友Ay最近因身材和外貌焦虑，心情低落。请你给她写一封邮件安慰 她，内容包括：1.正确看待外在形象；2.内在美的重要性；3.保持健康自信的心态。（词数80左右） 》满分范文 Dear Amy, I'm sorry to hear that you feel upset because of appearance anxiety. I'd like to tell you that true beauty lies in inner qualities.Outer appearance is not the most valuable thing.Kindness,confidence and positive personalities are far more precious. To keep a good state,we can stay fit by keeping a balanced diet and doing regular exercise.Most importantly,learn to accept and love your unique self. Always hold confidence in yourself.You are the most special and beautiful person in your own way! Yours, Li Hua 必记核心词汇(15个) 1.upset ad.沮丧的 2.appearance n.外貌 3.anxiety n.焦虑 4.beauty n.美丽 花 5.inner ad.内在的 尚 6.quality n.品质 ⊙⅓ 7.outer ad.外在的 8.valuable ad,有价值的 9.kindness n.善良 10.confidence n.自信 11.positive ad,积极的 西© 12.precious adj.宝贵的 13.balanced adj均衡的 色 14.regular ad.规律的 15.unique ad少独特的 器 )》高分亮点 ☑同义替换：upset--→depressed;lie in--→consist in;precious--→valuable;keep-→maintain ☑句式升级：'d like to tell you that true beauty,,which is what really matters,,lies in iner qualities ☑高分句型1：'m sorry to hear that you feel upset because of appearance anxiety..((tha导宾语从句) ☑高分句里2：To keep a good state,.we can stay fit by keeping a balanced diet and doing regular exercise..(不定式作目的状语) 应用文写作必背素材(2)：观点投稿类书信·青少年整容主题 ~写作题目 假如你是李华，你们学校就“青少年是否应该整容”的问题进行讨论，要求每个同学用书信的形式 投稿，发表自己的意见。请根据提示写一篇短文，观点：青少年不应该整容；理由：对身体有害； 分散学习的注意力；中学生过分注重外表不合适。（词数80左右） ●满分范文 Dear Editor, I'm Li Hua.I'm writing to express my opinions about whether teenagers should have plastic surgery. I strongly hold the view that teenagers shouldn't have plastic surgery.Firstly,a teenager should not care about his appearance too much,but concentrate on his lessons.In other words,a teenager should improve himself by working hard.Secondly,a teenager is still growing and such surgery is likely to harm his health.Some teenagers had plastic surgery,which stopped them from retuming to a normal life.Therefore,they regret having the surgery. In a word,a teenager should keep away from plastic surgery,read more books and lead a meaningful life. Yours, Li Hua 必记核心词汇(15个) 1.express v表达 10.normal ad山正常的 2.opinion n.看法 ② 11.regret v后悔 3.teenager n.青少年 68图 12.meaningful ad.有意义的 4.plastic ad心.整形的、塑料的 13.convey v.表达（同义替换） 5.surgery n.手术 14.focus .专注（同义替换） 6.concentrate v.专注 15.prevent v.阻止（同义替换） ·高分亮点 ☑同义替换：express--→convey;opinion-view;concentrate on-→focus on;in other words--→that is to say;stop sb.from doing-prevent sb.from doing;in a word-in short ☑句试升级：Secondly,a teenager is still growing and it is likely that such surgery will harm his health. ☑高分句里l:I'm writing to express my opinions about whether teenagers should have plastic surgery.. (whether引导宾语从句) ☑高分句型2：Istrongly hold the view that teenagers shouldn't have plastic surgery.(仙at引导同位语从句) ☑高分句里3：Some teenagers had plastic surgery,which stopped them from returing to a normal life. (which引导非限制性定语从句)