专题02 必修第一册Unit 3 单元词汇短语句型语法梳理（期中知识清单）高一英语上学期译林版

专题02 必修第一册Unit 3 Getting along with others 单元词汇短语句型梳理 知识点01 重点词类 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. adj.局促不安的;令人尴尬的;难对付的;笨拙的 2. n.视野;视力;看见 3. n.(pl.media)传播信息的媒介,方法;手段,工具adj.中等的,中号的 4. vi.& n.聊天,闲聊 5. n.具体情况,事例;案件;容器 6. adj.坦率的,直率的 7. adv.肯定,确实;确切地 8. vt.& n.联系,联络 9. adj.肤浅的,浅薄的;浅的 10. n.主题;主旋律 11. n.品德,素质;质量;特征 adj.优质的,高质量的 12. adj.额外的,分外的,附加的adv.额外,另外;特别,格外 13. vt.估量,判定;测量 n.措施;衡量 14. (sought,sought) vi.试图;寻找;争取vt.寻求;寻找 15. vi.& vt.逃脱,躲避;逃跑;避开,避免;被遗忘n.逃离,逃脱 16. n.高兴,愉快;令人高兴的人(或事),乐趣 17. n.时光,时机;瞬间;某个时刻 18. vt.承认,意识到;认出,辨别出 19. adj.彻底的,全面的;仔细的  20. n.陪伴,作伴;公司 21.café　n. 22.blog n. 23.slave n. 24.raft n. 25.indeed adv. 26.well-meaning adj. 知识点02 高频短语 1． （关系）陷于困境，濒临崩溃 2． 脱离某人的视线 3． （与某人）交朋友 4． 闲逛，泡在一起 5． 能够出席；准时到达；获得成功 6． （关系破裂后）收拾残局，重整旗鼓 7． 伤某人的心 8． 想要（做），感觉要（做） 9． 玩得开心，玩乐 10． 不知所措，困惑 11． 值得做（主动形式表被动） 12． 有错，应承担责任 13． 无论如何，不管怎样 14． 与某人（充分坦诚地）交谈 15． 务必做，一定做 16． 信任某人 17． 欺骗某人（被…欺骗） 18． 放弃，摒弃；松手，放开 19． 重视，珍视 20． 是时候做…… 21． 来来去去，聚散 22． 消除（问题），克服（困难） 23． 应该做，旨在做 24． 最大程度地，充分地 25． 在……的帮助下 26． 被称为，以……闻名 27． 把想法化为言语 28． 忧患均分，烦恼减半（分担即减半） 29． 依靠，依赖 30． 与……相处 31． 依赖，依靠，指望 32． 侵蚀，逐渐破坏；使苦恼 33． 损害…之间的关系；妨碍 34． 亲自，亲身 35． 代替，取代 36． 克服；恢复常态 37． 对……负责 38． 使显现；使表现出；出版 39． 不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦 知识点03 重点句型 1．时间状语从句 + 定语从句（who 指人，作主语） 当我还是一个笨拙的小学生时，她就是那个愿意和我交朋友的受欢迎的女孩。 2．whether ... or ... 引导让步状语从句 无论我们是步行上学、做作业，还是周末闲逛，我们俩几乎形影不离。 3．so ... that ... 结果状语从句 + 并列句 + 动名词作宾语 我如此生气，以至于一整天在学校都躲着她，而且仍不想回复她的任何在线消息。 4．现在分词（短语）作后置定语 + 宾语从句 但早上，我的朋友在社交媒体上发了一条信息，说她感冒了。 5．限制性定语从句（whom 指人，作宾语） 我也有一个我非常信任的朋友。 6．时间状语从句 + that 宾语从句 + 被动语态 当我发现被他欺骗时，我真的很受伤，于是放弃了我们的友谊。 7．if 条件状语从句 + it is time to do 然而，如果你的朋友无视你的感受或让你痛苦，就该重新审视你们的关系了。 8．定语从句（that 指物，作 travel 的宾语）+ be meant to do 通常，亲密的友谊会帮我们踏平那条我们注定都要走过的时而坎坷的道路。 9．find it + adj. + to do 复合宾语（it 形式宾语）+ than 比较 我们常发现，认清别人的缺点比认清自己的缺点更容易。 11．定语从句（that 被动，作主语） 友谊的第二重硕果，是通过与善意而睿智的朋友交谈所能获得的更透彻的理解与判断。 12．it 形式主语 + 动名词作主语 + 动名词作宾语 最后需要指出的是，享受人群的陪伴并不等同于与朋友在一起。 13．过去分词（shared）作后置定语 + 并列句 在此，友谊有双重好处——快乐更具意义，而分担的烦恼也会减半！ 14．As 时间状语从句 + for 并列连词（表因果） 当我们走在“人生之路”上时，有时也许希望独自静思，因为安静的反思能带来自我的提升。 知识点04 重点语法 一、定语从句概述 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句；被修饰的名词/代词叫先行词(antecedent)；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分关系代词(who/whom/whose/which/that)与关系副词(when/where/why)，兼具“连接主从句、指代先行词、在从句中充当成分”三重作用。定语从句分限制性（紧跟先行词、无逗号，去掉则句意不完整）与非限制性（逗号隔开、补充说明，去掉不影响主句，不用 that）。 二、关系代词的基本用法 that 指人/物（主/宾/表，作宾可省）；which 指物（主/宾，作宾可省）；who 指人（主/宾，作宾可省）；whom 指人（宾，可省，介词后只用 whom）；whose 指人/物（定语，= of which / of whom + 名词）。 ① who / that（指人，主语） A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out. 真正的朋友是在全世界离你而去时走进你生活的人。 ② whom / who / that（指人，宾语） Social media has come between us and the friends whom we love. 社交媒体离间了我们与所爱朋友的关系。 ③ which / that（指物，主语/宾语） The values which matter most to us should be expressed in person. 对我们最重要的价值观应当当面表达。 ④ whose（指人/物，定语） I still remember the friend whose advice helped me out of trouble. 我仍记得那位用建议帮我摆脱困境的朋友。 ⑤ 介词 + which / whom He is the person with whom I share my secrets. 他就是我和他分享秘密的人。 三、关系词选用三步法 ① 看先行词指人还是指物（人：who/whom/whose/that；物：which/that/whose）；② 看关系词在从句中充当什么成分（主/宾/定/状；缺状语则用关系副词 when/where/why）；③ 看特殊规则限制（只用 that / 只用 which / 介词后）。 四、只用 that 的情况 ① 先行词是不定代词（something / anything / everything / all / little 等）；② 被 the only / the very / 序数词 / 形容词最高级修饰；③ 先行词既有人又有物；④ 主句已用 which，避免重复。例：All that can be done has been done. / This is the best film that I have seen. 五、只用 which / 介词 + 关系代词 ① 介词提到关系代词前修饰指物先行词（介词 + which）：The house in which we lived is gone. ② 非限制性定语从句指物（不用 that）：He lent me a book, which I finished in one night. ③ whose + n. = the + n. + of which/whom = of which/whom + the + n.（The girl whose hair is long = the girl the hair of whom is long）。 六、易错警示 ① 关系代词作主语不可省略，且谓语单复数与先行词一致；② 介词后指人用 whom、指物用 which，绝不用 that / who；③ 非限制性定语从句不用 that；④ 关系副词 when/where/why 在从句中作状语，不可误用 which/that 充当主语/宾语。 考点01 词类转换 （派生词）— 最高频 1.original adj.起初的;独创的;原作的→ adv.原来;起初→origin n.起源;起因;出身→ v.起源;发源;创建 2.horrible adj.令人震惊的;可恶的,极坏的→ n.恐怖;令人恐怖的事物 → adv.令人震惊地 3.recover vi.恢复健康;恢复常态 vt.全额收回;寻回;重新获得;恢复,重新控制→ n.恢复,痊愈;复苏 4.judge vt.& vi.评价,(尤指)批评;判断,认为 n.法官;裁判员 → n.判断,评价 5.apologize vi.道歉,谢罪→ n.道歉 6.behaviour n.行为,举止,态度→ v.表现 7.ignore vt.忽视,对…不予理会→ n.无知,愚昧→ adj.无知的,愚昧的 8.suffer vi.受苦,受折磨;变差 vt.遭受,蒙受→ n.痛苦,苦难→ n.患者;受难者 9.misunderstand vt.& vi.(misunderstood,misunderstood)误解,误会→ n.误解,误会;不和 10.explode vi.(愤怒等感情)爆发,迸发;爆炸 vt.使爆炸→ n.爆炸,爆发;激增 11.generous adj.宽宏大量的,仁慈的;慷慨的→ n.慷慨 12.basis n.基础;原因;基准→ adj.基础的;基本的→ vt.以…为基础 13.respect vt.尊重,尊敬 n.尊敬,敬意;重视→ adj.受尊敬的→ adj.有礼貌的→ adj.体面的;值得尊敬的 14.efficient adj.效率高的,有功效的→ n.效率,效能→[反义词] adj.效率低的,无效率的 15.reflection n.沉思;反射;映像;反映→ vi.思考 vt.认真思考;反映;反射;显示 16.benefit n.优势,益处,成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于→ adj.有益的 17.comfort vt.宽慰,抚慰 n.舒服;安慰→ adj.舒服的→ adj.不舒服的;令人不适的 18.failure n.失败;失败的人(或事);未履行;故障→ vi.失败;未做;不及格 19.death n.死,死亡;死亡状态→ adj.死的;死亡的→ vi.死,离世→ adj.致命的 20.crowd n.一伙人,一帮人;人群 vt.挤满,使拥挤 vi.聚集;挤,涌→ adj.拥挤的 21.admire vt.钦佩;欣赏→ n.赞赏;钦佩 考点02 介词填空 — 必考 考法：固定搭配中挖掉介词。 1．count 依赖，依靠，指望 2．eat away 侵蚀，逐渐破坏；使苦恼 3．come between ... ... 损害……之间的关系；妨碍 4． one's sight 脱离某人的视线 5． one's opinion 在某人看来 6． the wrong 有错，应承担责任 7． a loss 不知所措，困惑 8． person 亲自，亲身 9．on the basis 以……为基础 / a regular basis 定期地 10．let go 放弃，摒弃；松手，放开 11．take the place 代替，取代 12．get 克服；恢复常态 13．spend time sth. 花时间在……上 考点03 定语从句关系词选用 三步法：①看先行词指人/物；②看关系词在从句中成分（主/宾/定→关系代词，状→关系副词 when/where/why）；③看特殊规则（只用 that / 只用 which / 介词后）。 • 指人：who/that（主语）；whom/who/that（宾语）；whose（定语） • 指物：which/that（主语/宾语）；whose（定语）；介词后只用 which 易错： ①介词后指人用 whom、指物用 which，不用 that； ②非限制性定语从句不用 that； ③关系副词在从句中作状语，不可充当主语/宾语。 考点04 -ed / -ing 形容词辨析 规则：-ed 修饰人/感受者（感到……的）；-ing 修饰物/事（令人……的）。 • embarrass → 感到尴尬的 / 令人尴尬的 • worry → 感到担忧的 / 令人担忧的 • interest → 感兴趣的 / 有趣的 • confuse → 感到困惑的 / 令人困惑的 • excite → 感到兴奋的 / 令人兴奋的 提示：本单元 awkward（局促不安的/令人尴尬的）、shallow（肤浅的）本身即 -ing 结尾形容词，并非 -ed/-ing 对立词，切忌误加 -ed。 考点05 语法句型结构仿写/汉译英 • whether ... or ... 让步： 无论上学还是周末闲逛，我们几乎形影不离。 • so ... that ... 结果： 她如此生气，以至于整天躲着我。→ • 定语从句仿写： 真正的朋友是你能依靠的人。 • find it + adj. + to do 我们发现认清别人的缺点更容易。 • It is + adj. + to do： 维系友谊不容易。 • the + 比较级 ..., the + 比较级 ...： 交流越多，误会越少。 • 现在分词作定语： 她发了一条说感冒了的消息。 考点05 书面表达 • 常用体裁：给朋友的回信、建议信、关于友谊的演讲稿、博客短文。 • 要点：描述友谊危机（on the rocks / misunderstanding）→ 分析原因 → 提出建议（坦诚沟通 / in person / let go of 误会）→ 呼吁珍惜友谊。 • 常备句式： 1. 听说你和最好朋友的友谊因为一个误会而出现危机，我很难过。 2. 在我看来，这个误会可能源于缺乏沟通和相互信任。 3. 真正的朋友是即使事情变糟也愿意倾听、理解和原谅的人。 4. 维持一段友谊并不容易，但值得付出一切努力。 5. 为什么不亲自和朋友谈谈，放下误会，而不是把事憋在心里呢？ 6. 你越坦诚沟通，误会就会越少。 7. 如果我是你，我会为自己那部分道歉，并给友谊第二次机会。 8. 让我们珍惜陪伴在身边的朋友，让友谊长久。 · 辨析01 -ed 形容词 vs -ing 形容词 例句：The embarrassing rumor made me embarrassed.（令人尴尬的谣言让我感到尴尬） 词对 -ed（指人，感到…的） -ing（指物/事，令人…的） embarrass 感到尴尬的 令人尴尬的 worry 感到担忧的 令人担忧的 interest 感兴趣的 有趣的 confuse 感到困惑的 令人困惑的 excite 感到兴奋的 令人兴奋的 记忆：-ed 用“人/感受者”，-ing 用“物/事（令人……的）”。 · 辨析02 count on / depend on / rely on 短语 含义 例句 依赖，指望（口语） You can count on me to help. 依靠，取决于 Children depend on their parents. 信赖，依靠 We rely on him for support. 记忆：三者均表“依靠、指望”；count on 偏口语，常接 sb. to do；depend on / rely on 较正式，rely on 强调信赖。 · 辨析03 in person / personally / by oneself 短语 含义 例句 亲自，亲身 You should apologize in person. 就个人而言；亲自 Personally, I value honesty. 独自地 She finished it by herself. 记忆：in person 亲自（到场）；personally 就个人而言 / 亲自（副词）；by oneself 独自地（无人陪伴）。 · 辨析04 on the rocks / at a loss / in the wrong 短语 含义 例句 （关系）陷于困境 Their friendship is on the rocks. 不知所措，困惑 I was at a loss what to do. 有错，应承担责任 He realized he was in the wrong. 记忆：on the rocks 关系濒临破裂；at a loss 不知所措；in the wrong 有错、应承担责任。 · 辨析05 who / whom / that（关系代词选用） 情况 选用 例句 指人·主语 The girl who helps me is Lucy. 指人·宾语 The friend (whom) I trust is honest. 介词 + 指人 The person with whom I talk is my teacher. 记忆：指人作主语用 who/that；作宾语 who/whom/that 均可（常省略）；介词后用 whom，绝不用 that。 · 辨析06 which vs that（只用 that / 只用 which） 情形 必须用 例句 不定代词/最高级修饰 This is the best film that I have seen. 介词提前（指物） The book on which I rely is lost. 非限制性从句（指物） He gave me a pen, which I like. 记忆：只用 that：不定代词/最高级/序数词/the only/the very/既有人又有物；只用 which：介词提前、非限制性定语从句指物。 · 辨析07 let go of / give up / get over 短语 含义 例句 放弃，释怀 Let go of your anger. 放弃（努力） Don't give up your dream. 克服；恢复 She got over the sadness. 记忆：let go of 放开、释怀（误会/执念）；give up 放弃（努力/习惯）；get over 克服、恢复常态（困难/失恋）。 · 辨析08 whether ... or ... vs no matter ...（让步状语从句） 结构 含义 例句 无论……还是…… Whether you come or stay, I'll go. 无论什么/如何 No matter what happens, keep calm. 记忆：whether ... or ... 可引带选择范围的让步（后接并列成分或从句）；no matter + wh- 引无条件让步（后接从句）；whether 可省为 no matter，但 whether 可作主宾，no matter 不可。 题型 考查内容 示例 单词拼写 词汇拼写+词义，侧重单元核心词汇及派生词 根据汉语/首字母写出 awkward、loss、behaviour、opinion、respond、quality、suffer、trust、value、measure、apologize、generous、benefit、comfort、recover、judge、trick、escape、original 单项选择 易混辨析+短语搭配 count on / depend on / rely on 辨析；in person；on the rocks；-ed/-ing 形容词（embarrassing / embarrassed）选择；adapt/adjust/adopt 辨析 单句语法填空 词形变化+定语从句关系词 A real friend is someone ______ (who/that) walks in when others walk out；We should let ______ (go) of anger.（go）；She finds it ______ (easy) to talk.（easier） 完成句子 / 句型转换 句型运用+同义结构改写 无论上学还是闲逛我们都形影不离：Whether we're walking to school ______ hanging out, we're hardly out of each other's sight.（or）/ We find ______ easier to recognize others' weaknesses than our own.（it） 选词填空 语境选词+词形变化 从方框选 loss、opinion、respond、suffer、quality、trust、value 填入关于友谊的短文 篇章语法填空 词汇变形+定语从句关系词 阅读关于友谊的短文，填关系代词 who/whom/which/that/whose 与派生词（lose→loss、respond→response、behave→behaviour 等） 书面表达 应用文（给朋友的回信/建议信/演讲稿/博客） 写一封回信：In my opinion, a real friend is someone whose support we can count on. 词数 80 左右 （一）语法版块 模块 考点分类 答题核心技巧 易错警示 & 典型示例 定语从句（关系代词选用） who/whom/which/that/whose 的选用 三步法：①看先行词指人/物；②看关系词在从句中作何成分（主/宾/定→关系代词）；③看特殊规则（只用that/which的情况、介词后不可用that） ❌ 混淆 who/whom。介词后指人用 whom、指物用 which，不用 that。 ✅ I also had a friend whom I trusted a lot. 定语从句（whose 与省略） whose 转换；关系代词作宾语省略 whose + n. = the + n. + of which/whom；关系代词作宾语且不在介词后时常可省略 ❌ 写成 of which the + n. 语序错。 ✅ the friend whose advice = the friend the advice of whom；the goals (that) we set 定语从句（谓语一致） 关系代词作主语时谓语与先行词一致 关系代词作主语时，从句谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致 ❌ A friend who trust me → trusts。 ✅ Those who are over 45 won't be permitted to enter. 定语从句（只用 that） 特殊先行词的 that 规则 先行词为 all/everything/nothing 等不定代词，或被 the only/the very/序数词/最高级修饰时，只用 that ❌ 混淆 that 与 which 的使用条件。 ✅ Music is the only thing that interests me. 非谓语动词 现在分词/动名词/不定式 现在分词 doing 作后置定语或宾补（saying / chatting）；动名词 doing 作主语或宾语（sharing / enjoying）；不定式 to do 作定语或目的状语 ❌ 分词与动名词功能混淆。 ✅ a message saying ...（定语）；Enjoying the company ...（主语） 形式主语/形式宾语 It is + adj. + to do / find it + adj. + to do It 作形式主语，真正主语是不定式；find/make 等后 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式 ❌ 漏掉 it 或错用 that。 ✅ We find it easier to recognize others' weaknesses than our own. 并列句与连词 and / but / or / so / for 并列连词连接平等分句：and 并列/递进，but/yet 转折，or 选择/否则，so/for ❌ so 与 because 连用。 ✅ Whether we're walking to school or hanging out, we're hardly out of each other's sight. 派生词 词类转换 看词在句中的位置定词性再变形：lose→loss、behave→behaviour、respond→response、suffer→suffering、 ❌ 名词/形容词混淆。 ✅ True ______ (friend) is built on trust. 填 friendship. （二）词汇与短语版块 模块 考点分类 答题核心技巧 易错警示 & 典型示例 短语搭配 count on / depend on / rely on 三者均表“依靠、指望”；count on 偏口语常接 sb. to do；depend on / rely on 较正式，rely on 强调信赖 ❌ 介词错配或语义混淆。 ✅ You can count on me to help you. -ed/-ing 形容词 人 -ed 物 -ing 先看修饰人还是物：an embarrassing situation（令人尴尬的，修饰物）→ I felt embarrassed（感到尴尬的，修饰人） ❌ 颠倒。 ✅ The embarrassing rumor made me embarrassed. 介词搭配 in person / on the rocks / at a loss in person 亲自；on the rocks（关系）陷于困境；at a loss 不知所措；let go of 放下、释放 ❌ 遗漏介词或混淆短语。 ✅ Instead of keeping it to yourself, why not talk with your friend in person? （三）阅读版块 模块 考点分类 答题核心技巧 易错警示 & 典型示例 阅读理解（应用文） 友谊建议/博客 题干定位三步法：①读题干圈关键词；②回原文扫读定位；③对比选项，警惕“张冠李戴”和“偷换概念” ❌ 凭主观印象选择，忽略原文细节。 ✅ 原文 a real friend is someone who... 对应正确选项“真正的朋友”。 阅读理解（记叙文） 友谊危机与和解 情感脉络法：①把握初始状态（on the rocks）；②找转折词（but, however, gradually）；③关注结尾主旨（理解与珍惜） ❌ 被局部细节干扰，忽略文章主旨。 ✅ 文章讲 misunderstanding，主旨为“坦诚沟通化解误会”。 七选五 语篇衔接（给朋友的回信） 三看一读法：①看代词指代；②看逻辑连词；③看词汇复现（friendship, trust, misunderstanding）；④读空前后句保连贯 ❌ 只看词汇复现，忽略逻辑关系。 ✅ 空后提到 let go of，则空前须提到“释怀/放下”。 完形填空 夹叙夹议（人际矛盾与理解） 语境逻辑四步法：①通读把握情感基调；②逐空代入注意上下文复现；③注意固定搭配；④代入复查 ❌ 脱离语境选词。 ✅ 前文 misunderstand，后文 apologize，结合逻辑选 forgive 或 trust。 （四）语法填空版块 模块 考点分类 答题核心技巧 易错警示 & 典型示例 有提示词填空 词性判断法 ①作谓语→考虑时态/语态/主谓一致；②作非谓语→考虑 doing/done/to do；③作定语/表语→考虑派生词（friend→friendship） ❌ 不看句子成分乱变形。 ✅ She finds it ______ (easy) to talk. 填 easier（比较级）。 无提示词填空（定语从句） 成分缺省法 缺主语/宾语且修饰名词→填关系代词 who/whom/which/that/whose；缺状语→when/where/why ❌ 盲目填 that。 ✅ The friend ______ advice helped me 填 whose（作定语）。 无提示词填空（其他） 固定搭配与冠词 名词前缺限定词→填冠词或介词；注意固定搭配中的冠词 ❌ 忽略固定搭配。 ✅ make ______ most of resources 填 the （五）书面表达版块 模块 考点分类 答题核心技巧 易错警示 & 典型示例 给朋友的回信/建议信 审题构思法 ①人称 I/you，时态一般现在/将来；②列提纲（危机+原因+建议+呼吁）；③套高级句式；④检查格式时态 ❌ 时态混乱，缺少高级句式。✅ In my opinion, a real friend is someone whose support we can count on. 关于友谊的演讲稿/博客 共情+引用法 ①以谚语/课文金句开篇（A true friend...）；②结合单元句式（whether...or... / The more..., the fewer...）；③落点行动 ❌ 套话空泛。 ✅ Whether we walk the path of life alone or with friends, friendship smooths out the rocky road. 【题型一】单项选择 1．After-school activities play a part when students ________ to the college. A．explore B．impress C．apply D．contact 2．—Shall we go to the flower show in Shahu Lake to ________ beautiful flowers? —Good idea! And we can enjoy taking photos, too. A．praise B．admire C．treasure D．plant 3．I feel excited because this school differs in many ways from my ________ one. A．previous B．obvious C．curious D．generous 4．It is ________ for teenagers to feel confused about their future. Talking to parents or teachers can be helpful. A．suitable B．responsible C．normal D．extra 5．Han Gan was a ________ visitor to the royal stables and even moved in to live with the stable workers for quite some time. A．significant B．minor C．frequent D．generous 6．— Do you think you will attend the volunteer activity this weekend? — Yes, I ________ will, as I have promised the organizer. A．probably B．actually C．definitely D．entirely 7．The adventurous spirit is part of what drives understanding, learning and progress. Even today, there are still many adventurers ______ pushing human limits. A．currently B．eventually C．constantly D．definitely 8．On hearing of the news, she seemed upset but quickly ________ herself. A．restricted B．remained C．rejected D．recovered 9．Before the exam, you should ________ your notes carefully. A．go over B．get over C．take over D．come over 10．By working hard, you may have a chance to ________ yourself from your colleagues and get promoted early. A．separate B．recover C．distinguish D．rescue 【题型二】单词拼写 1．Li Mei is usually very shy, but she’s g__________ (慷慨的，大方的). 2．Reading classics brings a definite b________ (益处) to our thinking and problem-solving. 3．Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some f___________ (坦率的，坦诚的) comments from you so that they can improve. 4．This new heating system is much more e________ (效率高的) than the old one. 5．Be careful when swimming in the s______________ (浅的) water near the shore; there may be sharp rocks beneath the surface. 6．It was said that students from Chongqing No.1 Secondary School s________ (追求) academic progress and self-improvement even during this summer vacation. 7．She was r____________ (公认) as one of the leaders of medical science in China. 8．That was d__________ (无疑地,确定地) the best play I have ever seen all year. 9．He walked up to his English teacher after class and a__________ (道歉) sincerely to her for having missed the important speech contest. 10．True wisdom lies in how we respond to f________ (失败) rather than avoiding it all the time. 【题型三】单句语法填空 1．You should carefully preserve the precious (origin) and never use it casually in daily life. 2． (recognize) for making complex techniques easier to follow, her work swept the nation. 3．A giant sequoia tree (measure) nearly ninety meters in height stands as the oldest living being in this protected national park. 4．You (ignore) those warning signals; now you have to bear the unpleasant consequences. 5．None of the students (respond) to her question; in other words, her question failed to get a (respond) from any of the students. 6．Going on a spontaneous road trip is a way you can imagine (escape) from the daily routine and have some fun. 7．We live in a global, multicultural world, so we are taught ( respect) different cultures in order to live in a harmonious environment. 8．The soft sofa brought her great , making her feel very ; however, the hard chair was simply . (comfort)   9．The book’s was torn, but we managed to it, and after a quick , it looked almost new. (cover) 10． he failed the exam again made his parents very disappointed. 【题型四】完成句子+句型转换 1．The wealthy philanthropist made ________________ (一笔慷慨的捐款) to the medical research center. 2．The anonymous ______________________(慷慨的捐助者) donated a large sum of money to the children’s hospital. 3．It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier, _________________________________ (因为它允许人们通过使用社交媒体建立更大的朋友网络) . 4．正是你从失败中学到的东西塑造着你的品格。(强调句) __________________________________ shapes your characters. 5．This is the terrible typhoon. It hit our coastal city last week. (合并简单句为定语从句) ____________________________________________________________________________ 6．We bought a book. We learn Chinese culture from the book. (用介词 + 关系代词合并句子) _____________________________________________________________________ 7．That is the worst landslide. It has happened in this mountain village. (合并简单句为定语从句) ____________________________________________________________________________ 8．这是第一家将AI助手应用于家电的公司，其创新设计改善了用户的日常生活。(非限制性定语从句) This is _____________ AI assistants to home appliances, _____________ has improved users’ daily lives. 9．她被公认为是一名杰出的年轻作家，经常受邀在各大高校举办文学分享会。 Widely ____________ as an outstanding young writer, she is often invited to give literature sharing sessions in major universities. 10．No one believed the reason. The athlete provided the reason for his poor performance. （用定语从句合并句子） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【题型五】选词填空 Passage A 用所给词的适当形式填空 energetic   concentrate   diet   get into shape immediately   prove   side effect  make a full recovery 30 October Dear Diary, I was very frightened when I woke up in hospital last Thursday. Then my mum told me what happened. She said I fainted in my PE class because of low blood sugar levels. Fortunately, I was rushed to hospital 1 . The doctor helped me and I 2 within two days. My experience 3 what a bad idea it is to try to lose weight by skipping meals. Now I know this extreme weight-loss method has serious 4 . I also understand that being healthy and 5 is more important than being slim. From now on, I’ll pay more attention to my health rather than my weight. I’ll eat a balanced 6 to make sure I have enough nutrition. Exercising regularly is also an important aspect of a healthy lifestyle. My doctor tells me that it’ll help me 7 better in class. So, I’ll pay sport with my friends every other day after school. I hope these lifestyle changes can help me 8 . Passage B 用所给词的适当形式填空 amazement  bare  comfort  orphan  reveal  proceed  investigate  sob  dive In the story Anne of Green Gables, the main character Anne was an 11-year-old 1 . She was sent to a house belonging to Marilla and Matthew. When she arrived at the door, Marilla was frozen in 2 as she expected to be sent a boy. Marilla told Anne that she could stay with them until the matter was 3 . Anne was very emotional when she heared she might be sent back and 4 to throw herself on a chair and cry. Marilla and Matthew were unsure how to 43 her but try their best. They told her there was no need to cry but Anne continued to be upset. Marilla made dinner for Anne, although she refused to eat as she had no appetite. After dinner, Marilla took Anne to a bedroom to sleep. Anne found the room cold and 5 . She even described the white curtains as “icy”. Anne began to 6 again as she got ready for bed. She then 7 under the blankets and pulled them over her head. Marilla came back to check on Anne and tidied her clothes. When she said “Good night”, Anne 8 herself from under the blankets and told her it was the worst night she ever had. 【题型六】语法填空 Passage A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last month, I had a misunderstanding with my best friend Lily, 1 I have known for ten years. She criticised me for 2 (not help) her with a project. I felt annoyed and said something thoughtless. Later, I realised that my words had hurt her. I felt a sense of 3 (embarrass) and didn’t know how to resolve the conflict. 4 (concern) about the present situation, I turned to my mother for help. My mother advised me 5 (take) a deep breath and calm down. She said, “If you apologise sincerely, she 6 (forgive) you.” I decided to write her a letter instead of texting. In the letter, I admitted my fault and promised to adjust my behaviour. I also told her that our friendship was 7 core of my social life. To my relief, she replied the next day. She said that she had overlooked her own mistakes too. We agreed to meet at a café and had a frank talk. In the end, we not only made up but also became closer. From this experience, I learned that communication is 8 (essential) than pride in maintaining relationships. I also realised that we should always treat others with kindness. 9 (fortunate), whenever I feel angry now, I remind 10 (I) to think before speaking. Passage B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the old saying goes, “Friends are like liquor (酒): the older, the better.” Many people consider old friends to be more important than new ones. For example, if two pieces of advice 1 (give) to solve a problem, one from a new friend and the other from 2 old friend, people will prefer the latter one 3 (base) on the long-term trust rather than the former one, even though the new friend’s advice may be better. I, however, disagree with the old saying, 4 (believe) that new friends are not 5 (necessary) worse than old friends. It is not always right 6 (determine) your friendship by the length of time. Once you call someone a friend, he or she must be a person 7 is reliable and whose interests are in common with 8 (you). It is mainly his or her character and interests that make him or her your friend. It actually has little to do with time. People’s appearance may change, but their character usually 9 (remain) the same. Therefore, on this point, there are no 10 (difference) between old friends and new friends. 【题型七】应用文写作 Passage A 1．假定你是李华，你的外国朋友 Lucy 来华交流学习。近期，她因生活习惯和观念差异和班里同学产生一些分歧，为此心情低落。请你用英语写一封邮件安慰她，内容包括： (1)表达理解与安慰； (2)给出可行的建议； (3)表达期待与祝愿。 注意： (1)写作词数应为 80 个左右； (2)请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Lucy, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua Passage B 2. 你校英文报Harmonious campus (和谐校园) 栏目正在发起题为“Ways To Get Along With My Classmates”的讨论，请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 2．与同学相处的重要性; 3．与同学相处的方式。 注意： 4．写作词数应为100词左右，开头已给，不计入词数; 5．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Ways To Get Along With My Classmates Classmates play an important role in our daily study and life. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $专题02 必修第一册Unit 3 Getting along with others 单元词汇短语句型梳理 知识点01 重点词类 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.awkward adj.局促不安的;令人尴尬的;难对付的;笨拙的 2.sight n.视野;视力;看见 3. medium n.(pl.media)传播信息的媒介,方法;手段,工具adj.中等的,中号的 4.chat vi.& n.聊天,闲聊 5.case n.具体情况,事例;案件;容器 6.frank adj.坦率的,直率的 7.definitely adv.肯定,确实;确切地 8.contact vt.& n.联系,联络 9.shallow adj.肤浅的,浅薄的;浅的 10.theme n.主题;主旋律 11.quality n.品德,素质;质量;特征 adj.优质的,高质量的 12.extra adj.额外的,分外的,附加的adv.额外,另外;特别,格外 13.measure vt.估量,判定;测量 n.措施;衡量 14.seek (sought,sought) vi.试图;寻找;争取vt.寻求;寻找 15.escape vi.& vt.逃脱,躲避;逃跑;避开,避免;被遗忘n.逃离,逃脱 16.joy n.高兴,愉快;令人高兴的人(或事),乐趣 17.moment n.时光,时机;瞬间;某个时刻 18.recognize vt.承认,意识到;认出,辨别出 19.thorough adj.彻底的,全面的;仔细的  20.company n.陪伴,作伴;公司 21.café　n.咖啡馆,小餐馆 22.blog n.博客,网志 23.slave n.奴隶 24.raft n.木排,筏 25.indeed adv.其实,实际上;的确;真正地 26.well-meaning adj.出于好心的,善意的 知识点02 高频短语 1．on the rocks （关系）陷于困境，濒临崩溃 2．out of one's sight 脱离某人的视线 3．make friends (with sb) （与某人）交朋友 4．hang out 闲逛，泡在一起 5．make it 能够出席；准时到达；获得成功 6．pick up the pieces （关系破裂后）收拾残局，重整旗鼓 7．break one's heart 伤某人的心 8．feel like (doing) 想要（做），感觉要（做） 9．have fun 玩得开心，玩乐 10．at a loss 不知所措，困惑 11．be worth doing 值得做（主动形式表被动） 12．in the wrong 有错，应承担责任 13．in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 14．have a (full and frank) talk with sb 与某人（充分坦诚地）交谈 15．be sure to do 务必做，一定做 16．trust sb 信任某人 17．trick sb (be tricked by) 欺骗某人（被……欺骗） 18．let go of 放弃，摒弃；松手，放开 19．value sth 重视，珍视 20．it is time to do 是时候做…… 21．come and go 来来去去，聚散 22．smooth out 消除（问题），克服（困难） 23．be meant to do 应该做，旨在做 24．in full measure 最大程度地，充分地 25．with the help of 在……的帮助下 26．be known as 被称为，以……闻名 27．put one's thoughts into words 把想法化为言语 28．a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved 忧患均分，烦恼减半（分担即减半） 29．depend on 依靠，依赖 30．get along with 与……相处 31．count on 依赖，依靠，指望 32．eat away at 侵蚀，逐渐破坏；使苦恼 33．come between ... and ... 损害……之间的关系；妨碍 34．in person 亲自，亲身 35．take the place of 代替，取代 36．get over 克服；恢复常态 37．be responsible for 对……负责 38．bring out 使显现；使表现出；出版 39．through thick and thin 不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦 知识点03 重点句型 1．时间状语从句 + 定语从句（who 指人，作主语） When I was an awkward primary school student, she was the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me. 当我还是一个笨拙的小学生时，她就是那个愿意和我交朋友的受欢迎的女孩。 2．whether ... or ... 引导让步状语从句 Whether we're walking to school, doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, we're hardly out of each other's sight. 无论我们是步行上学、做作业，还是周末闲逛，我们俩几乎形影不离。 3．so ... that ... 结果状语从句 + 并列句 + 动名词作宾语 I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day, and I still don't feel like responding to any of her online messages. 我如此生气，以至于一整天在学校都躲着她，而且仍不想回复她的任何在线消息。 4．现在分词（短语）作后置定语 + 宾语从句 But in the morning, my friend posted a message on social media saying she had a cold. 但早上，我的朋友在社交媒体上发了一条信息，说她感冒了。 5．限制性定语从句（whom 指人，作宾语） I also had a friend whom I trusted a lot. 我也有一个我非常信任的朋友。 6．时间状语从句 + that 宾语从句 + 被动语态 When I found out that I was tricked by him, I was really hurt and let go of our friendship. 当我发现被他欺骗时，我真的很受伤，于是放弃了我们的友谊。 7．if 条件状语从句 + it is time to do However, if your friend ignores your feelings or makes you suffer, it's time to rethink your relationship. 然而，如果你的朋友无视你的感受或让你痛苦，就该重新审视你们的关系了。 8．定语从句（that 指物，作 travel 的宾语）+ be meant to do More often than not, close friendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel. 通常，亲密的友谊会帮我们踏平那条我们注定都要走过的时而坎坷的道路。 9．find it + adj. + to do 复合宾语（it 形式宾语）+ than 比较 We often find it easier to recognize other people's weaknesses than our own. 我们常发现，认清别人的缺点比认清自己的缺点更容易。 11．定语从句（that 被动，作主语） The second fruit of friendship is the better understanding and judgement that may be achieved through conversations with well-meaning and wise friends. 友谊的第二重硕果，是通过与善意而睿智的朋友交谈所能获得的更透彻的理解与判断。 12．it 形式主语 + 动名词作主语 + 动名词作宾语 Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. 最后需要指出的是，享受人群的陪伴并不等同于与朋友在一起。 13．过去分词（shared）作后置定语 + 并列句 Here, friendship has a double advantage—happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved! 在此，友谊有双重好处——快乐更具意义，而分担的烦恼也会减半！（shared 为过去分词作 a trouble 的后置定语，相当于 which is shared；and 连接并列句） 14．As 时间状语从句 + for 并列连词（表因果） As we walk the "path of life", we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts, for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement. 当我们走在“人生之路”上时，有时也许希望独自静思，因为安静的反思能带来自我的提升。（As 引导时间状语从句；for 为并列连词，连接表因果关系的并列句） 知识点04 重点语法 一、定语从句概述 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句；被修饰的名词/代词叫先行词(antecedent)；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分关系代词(who/whom/whose/which/that)与关系副词(when/where/why)，兼具“连接主从句、指代先行词、在从句中充当成分”三重作用。定语从句分限制性（紧跟先行词、无逗号，去掉则句意不完整）与非限制性（逗号隔开、补充说明，去掉不影响主句，不用 that）。 二、关系代词的基本用法 that 指人/物（主/宾/表，作宾可省）；which 指物（主/宾，作宾可省）；who 指人（主/宾，作宾可省）；whom 指人（宾，可省，介词后只用 whom）；whose 指人/物（定语，= of which / of whom + 名词）。 ① who / that（指人，主语） A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out. 真正的朋友是在全世界离你而去时走进你生活的人。 ② whom / who / that（指人，宾语） Social media has come between us and the friends whom we love. 社交媒体离间了我们与所爱朋友的关系。 ③ which / that（指物，主语/宾语） The values which matter most to us should be expressed in person. 对我们最重要的价值观应当当面表达。 ④ whose（指人/物，定语） I still remember the friend whose advice helped me out of trouble. 我仍记得那位用建议帮我摆脱困境的朋友。 ⑤ 介词 + which / whom He is the person with whom I share my secrets. 他就是我和他分享秘密的人。 三、关系词选用三步法 ① 看先行词指人还是指物（人：who/whom/whose/that；物：which/that/whose）；② 看关系词在从句中充当什么成分（主/宾/定/状；缺状语则用关系副词 when/where/why）；③ 看特殊规则限制（只用 that / 只用 which / 介词后）。 四、只用 that 的情况 ① 先行词是不定代词（something / anything / everything / all / little 等）；② 被 the only / the very / 序数词 / 形容词最高级修饰；③ 先行词既有人又有物；④ 主句已用 which，避免重复。例：All that can be done has been done. / This is the best film that I have seen. 五、只用 which / 介词 + 关系代词 ① 介词提到关系代词前修饰指物先行词（介词 + which）：The house in which we lived is gone. ② 非限制性定语从句指物（不用 that）：He lent me a book, which I finished in one night. ③ whose + n. = the + n. + of which/whom = of which/whom + the + n.（The girl whose hair is long = the girl the hair of whom is long）。 六、易错警示 ① 关系代词作主语不可省略，且谓语单复数与先行词一致；② 介词后指人用 whom、指物用 which，绝不用 that / who；③ 非限制性定语从句不用 that；④ 关系副词 when/where/why 在从句中作状语，不可误用 which/that 充当主语/宾语。 考点01 词类转换 （派生词）— 最高频 1.original adj.起初的;独创的;原作的→originally adv.原来;起初→origin n.起源;起因;出身→originate v.起源;发源;创建 2.horrible adj.令人震惊的;可恶的,极坏的→ horror n.恐怖;令人恐怖的事物 →horriblyadv.令人震惊地 3.recover vi.恢复健康;恢复常态 vt.全额收回;寻回;重新获得;恢复,重新控制→ recoveryn.恢复,痊愈;复苏 4.judge vt.& vi.评价,(尤指)批评;判断,认为 n.法官;裁判员 →judg(e)ment n.判断,评价 5.apologize vi.道歉,谢罪→ apology n.道歉 6.behaviour n.行为,举止,态度→ behave v.表现 7.ignore vt.忽视,对…不予理会→ignorance n.无知,愚昧→ ignorant adj.无知的,愚昧的 8.suffer vi.受苦,受折磨;变差 vt.遭受,蒙受→ suffering n.痛苦,苦难→sufferer n.患者;受难者 9.misunderstand vt.& vi.(misunderstood,misunderstood)误解,误会→misunderstanding n.误解,误会;不和 10.explode vi.(愤怒等感情)爆发,迸发;爆炸 vt.使爆炸→explosion n.爆炸,爆发;激增 11.generous adj.宽宏大量的,仁慈的;慷慨的→generosity n.慷慨 12.basis n.基础;原因;基准→ basic adj.基础的;基本的→ base vt.以…为基础 13.respect vt.尊重,尊敬 n.尊敬,敬意;重视→respected adj.受尊敬的→ respectful adj.有礼貌的→ respectable adj.体面的;值得尊敬的 14.efficient adj.效率高的,有功效的→ efficiency n.效率,效能→[反义词] inefficient adj.效率低的,无效率的 15.reflection n.沉思;反射;映像;反映→reflect vi.思考 vt.认真思考;反映;反射;显示 16.benefit n.优势,益处,成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于→ beneficial adj.有益的 17.comfort vt.宽慰,抚慰 n.舒服;安慰→ comfortable adj.舒服的→ uncomfortable adj.不舒服的;令人不适的 18.failure n.失败;失败的人(或事);未履行;故障→ fail vi.失败;未做;不及格 19.death n.死,死亡;死亡状态→ dead adj.死的;死亡的→ die vi.死,离世→ deadly adj.致命的 20.crowd n.一伙人,一帮人;人群 vt.挤满,使拥挤 vi.聚集;挤,涌→ crowded adj.拥挤的 21.admire vt.钦佩;欣赏→ admiration n.赞赏;钦佩 考点02 介词填空 — 必考 考法：固定搭配中挖掉介词。 1．count on 依赖，依靠，指望 2．eat away at 侵蚀，逐渐破坏；使苦恼 3．come between ... and ... 损害……之间的关系；妨碍 4．out of one's sight 脱离某人的视线 5．in one's opinion 在某人看来 6．in the wrong 有错，应承担责任 7．at a loss 不知所措，困惑 8．in person 亲自，亲身 9．on the basis of 以……为基础 / on a regular basis 定期地 10．let go of 放弃，摒弃；松手，放开 11．take the place of 代替，取代 12．get over 克服；恢复常态 13．spend time on sth. 花时间在……上 考点03 定语从句关系词选用 三步法：①看先行词指人/物；②看关系词在从句中成分（主/宾/定→关系代词，状→关系副词 when/where/why）；③看特殊规则（只用 that / 只用 which / 介词后）。 • 指人：who/that（主语）；whom/who/that（宾语）；whose（定语） • 指物：which/that（主语/宾语）；whose（定语）；介词后只用 which 易错： ①介词后指人用 whom、指物用 which，不用 that； ②非限制性定语从句不用 that； ③关系副词在从句中作状语，不可充当主语/宾语。 考点04 -ed / -ing 形容词辨析 规则：-ed 修饰人/感受者（感到……的）；-ing 修饰物/事（令人……的）。 • embarrass → embarrassed 感到尴尬的 / embarrassing • worry → worried 感到担忧的 / worrying 令人担忧的 • interest → interested 感兴趣的 / interesting 有趣的 • confuse → confused 感到困惑的 / confusing 令人困惑的 • excite → excited 感到兴奋的 / exciting 令人兴奋的 提示：本单元 awkward（局促不安的/令人尴尬的）、shallow（肤浅的）本身即 -ing 结尾形容词，并非 -ed/-ing 对立词，切忌误加 -ed。 考点05 语法句型结构仿写/汉译英 • whether ... or ... 让步： Whether we're walking to school or hanging out, we're hardly out of each other's sight. 无论上学还是周末闲逛，我们几乎形影不离。 • so ... that ... 结果： She was so angry that she avoided me all day. 她如此生气，以至于整天躲着我。→ • 定语从句仿写： A real friend is someone whose support we can count on. 真正的朋友是你能依靠的人。 • find it + adj. + to do We often find it easier to recognize other people's weaknesses than our own. 我们发现认清别人的缺点更容易。 • It is + adj. + to do： It is not easy to keep a friendship once trust is broken. 维系友谊不容易。 • the + 比较级 ..., the + 比较级 ...： The more you communicate, the fewer misunderstandings you will have. 交流越多，误会越少。 • 现在分词作定语： She posted a message saying she had a cold. 她发了一条说感冒了的消息。 考点05 书面表达 • 常用体裁：给朋友的回信、建议信、关于友谊的演讲稿、博客短文。 • 要点：描述友谊危机（on the rocks / misunderstanding）→ 分析原因 → 提出建议（坦诚沟通 / in person / let go of 误会）→ 呼吁珍惜友谊。 • 常备句式： 1. I’m sorry to hear that your friendship with your best friend is on the rocks because of a misunderstanding. 听说你和最好朋友的友谊因为一个误会而出现危机，我很难过。 2. In my opinion, the misunderstanding may result from a lack of communication and mutual trust. 在我看来，这个误会可能源于缺乏沟通和相互信任。 3. A real friend is someone who is willing to listen, understand and forgive, even when things go wrong. 真正的朋友是即使事情变糟也愿意倾听、理解和原谅的人。 4. It is not easy to keep a friendship, but it is worth every effort. 维持一段友谊并不容易，但值得付出一切努力。 5. Why not talk with your friend in person and let go of the misunderstanding instead of keeping it to yourself? 为什么不亲自和朋友谈谈，放下误会，而不是把事憋在心里呢？ 6. The more you communicate honestly, the fewer misunderstandings you will have. 你越坦诚沟通，误会就会越少。 7. If I were you, I would apologize for my part and give the friendship a second chance. 如果我是你，我会为自己那部分道歉，并给友谊第二次机会。 8. Let’s cherish the friends who stand by us and make our friendship last. 让我们珍惜陪伴在身边的朋友，让友谊长久。 · 辨析01 -ed 形容词 vs -ing 形容词 例句：The embarrassing rumor made me embarrassed.（令人尴尬的谣言让我感到尴尬） 词对 -ed（指人，感到…的） -ing（指物/事，令人…的） embarrass embarrassed 感到尴尬的 embarrassing 令人尴尬的 worry worried 感到担忧的 worrying 令人担忧的 interest interested 感兴趣的 interesting 有趣的 confuse confused 感到困惑的 confusing 令人困惑的 excite excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的 记忆：-ed 用“人/感受者”，-ing 用“物/事（令人……的）”。 · 辨析02 count on / depend on / rely on 短语 含义 例句 count on 依赖，指望（口语） You can count on me to help. depend on 依靠，取决于 Children depend on their parents. rely on 信赖，依靠 We rely on him for support. 记忆：三者均表“依靠、指望”；count on 偏口语，常接 sb. to do；depend on / rely on 较正式，rely on 强调信赖。 · 辨析03 in person / personally / by oneself 短语 含义 例句 in person 亲自，亲身 You should apologize in person. personally 就个人而言；亲自 Personally, I value honesty. by oneself 独自地 She finished it by herself. 记忆：in person 亲自（到场）；personally 就个人而言 / 亲自（副词）；by oneself 独自地（无人陪伴）。 · 辨析04 on the rocks / at a loss / in the wrong 短语 含义 例句 on the rocks （关系）陷于困境 Their friendship is on the rocks. at a loss 不知所措，困惑 I was at a loss what to do. in the wrong 有错，应承担责任 He realized he was in the wrong. 记忆：on the rocks 关系濒临破裂；at a loss 不知所措；in the wrong 有错、应承担责任。 · 辨析05 who / whom / that（关系代词选用） 情况 选用 例句 指人·主语 who / that The girl who helps me is Lucy. 指人·宾语 who / whom / that The friend (whom) I trust is honest. 介词 + 指人 whom The person with whom I talk is my teacher. 记忆：指人作主语用 who/that；作宾语 who/whom/that 均可（常省略）；介词后用 whom，绝不用 that。 · 辨析06 which vs that（只用 that / 只用 which） 情形 必须用 例句 不定代词/最高级修饰 that This is the best film that I have seen. 介词提前（指物） which The book on which I rely is lost. 非限制性从句（指物） which He gave me a pen, which I like. 记忆：只用 that：不定代词/最高级/序数词/the only/the very/既有人又有物；只用 which：介词提前、非限制性定语从句指物。 · 辨析07 let go of / give up / get over 短语 含义 例句 let go of 放弃，释怀 Let go of your anger. give up 放弃（努力） Don't give up your dream. get over 克服；恢复 She got over the sadness. 记忆：let go of 放开、释怀（误会/执念）；give up 放弃（努力/习惯）；get over 克服、恢复常态（困难/失恋）。 · 辨析08 whether ... or ... vs no matter ...（让步状语从句） 结构 含义 例句 whether ... or ... 无论……还是…… Whether you come or stay, I'll go. no matter what/how 无论什么/如何 No matter what happens, keep calm. 记忆：whether ... or ... 可引带选择范围的让步（后接并列成分或从句）；no matter + wh- 引无条件让步（后接从句）；whether 可省为 no matter，但 whether 可作主宾，no matter 不可。 题型 考查内容 示例 单词拼写 词汇拼写+词义，侧重单元核心词汇及派生词 根据汉语/首字母写出 awkward、loss、behaviour、opinion、respond、quality、suffer、trust、value、measure、apologize、generous、benefit、comfort、recover、judge、trick、escape、original 单项选择 易混辨析+短语搭配 count on / depend on / rely on 辨析；in person；on the rocks；-ed/-ing 形容词（embarrassing / embarrassed）选择；adapt/adjust/adopt 辨析 单句语法填空 词形变化+定语从句关系词 A real friend is someone ______ (who/that) walks in when others walk out；We should let ______ (go) of anger.（go）；She finds it ______ (easy) to talk.（easier） 完成句子 / 句型转换 句型运用+同义结构改写 无论上学还是闲逛我们都形影不离：Whether we're walking to school ______ hanging out, we're hardly out of each other's sight.（or）/ We find ______ easier to recognize others' weaknesses than our own.（it） 选词填空 语境选词+词形变化 从方框选 loss、opinion、respond、suffer、quality、trust、value 填入关于友谊的短文 篇章语法填空 词汇变形+定语从句关系词 阅读关于友谊的短文，填关系代词 who/whom/which/that/whose 与派生词（lose→loss、respond→response、behave→behaviour 等） 书面表达 应用文（给朋友的回信/建议信/演讲稿/博客） 写一封回信：In my opinion, a real friend is someone whose support we can count on. 词数 80 左右 题型 012 单词拼写(夯实双基，厚积薄发) （一）语法版块 模块 考点分类 答题核心技巧 易错警示 & 典型示例 定语从句（关系代词选用） who/whom/which/that/whose 的选用 三步法：①看先行词指人/物；②看关系词在从句中作何成分（主/宾/定→关系代词）；③看特殊规则（只用that/which的情况、介词后不可用that） ❌ 混淆 who/whom。介词后指人用 whom、指物用 which，不用 that。 ✅ I also had a friend whom I trusted a lot. 定语从句（whose 与省略） whose 转换；关系代词作宾语省略 whose + n. = the + n. + of which/whom；关系代词作宾语且不在介词后时常可省略 ❌ 写成 of which the + n. 语序错。 ✅ the friend whose advice = the friend the advice of whom；the goals (that) we set 定语从句（谓语一致） 关系代词作主语时谓语与先行词一致 关系代词作主语时，从句谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致 ❌ A friend who trust me → trusts。 ✅ Those who are over 45 won't be permitted to enter. 定语从句（只用 that） 特殊先行词的 that 规则 先行词为 all/everything/nothing 等不定代词，或被 the only/the very/序数词/最高级修饰时，只用 that ❌ 混淆 that 与 which 的使用条件。 ✅ Music is the only thing that interests me. 非谓语动词 现在分词/动名词/不定式 现在分词 doing 作后置定语或宾补（saying / chatting）；动名词 doing 作主语或宾语（sharing / enjoying）；不定式 to do 作定语或目的状语 ❌ 分词与动名词功能混淆。 ✅ a message saying ...（定语）；Enjoying the company ...（主语） 形式主语/形式宾语 It is + adj. + to do / find it + adj. + to do It 作形式主语，真正主语是不定式；find/make 等后 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式 ❌ 漏掉 it 或错用 that。 ✅ We find it easier to recognize others' weaknesses than our own. 并列句与连词 and / but / or / so / for 并列连词连接平等分句：and 并列/递进，but/yet 转折，or 选择/否则，so/for ❌ so 与 because 连用。 ✅ Whether we're walking to school or hanging out, we're hardly out of each other's sight. 派生词 词类转换 看词在句中的位置定词性再变形：lose→loss、behave→behaviour、respond→response、suffer→suffering、 ❌ 名词/形容词混淆。 ✅ True ______ (friend) is built on trust. 填 friendship. （二）词汇与短语版块 模块 考点分类 答题核心技巧 易错警示 & 典型示例 短语搭配 count on / depend on / rely on 三者均表“依靠、指望”；count on 偏口语常接 sb. to do；depend on / rely on 较正式，rely on 强调信赖 ❌ 介词错配或语义混淆。 ✅ You can count on me to help you. -ed/-ing 形容词 人 -ed 物 -ing 先看修饰人还是物：an embarrassing situation（令人尴尬的，修饰物）→ I felt embarrassed（感到尴尬的，修饰人） ❌ 颠倒。 ✅ The embarrassing rumor made me embarrassed. 介词搭配 in person / on the rocks / at a loss in person 亲自；on the rocks（关系）陷于困境；at a loss 不知所措；let go of 放下、释放 ❌ 遗漏介词或混淆短语。 ✅ Instead of keeping it to yourself, why not talk with your friend in person? （三）阅读版块 模块 考点分类 答题核心技巧 易错警示 & 典型示例 阅读理解（应用文） 友谊建议/博客 题干定位三步法：①读题干圈关键词；②回原文扫读定位；③对比选项，警惕“张冠李戴”和“偷换概念” ❌ 凭主观印象选择，忽略原文细节。 ✅ 原文 a real friend is someone who... 对应正确选项“真正的朋友”。 阅读理解（记叙文） 友谊危机与和解 情感脉络法：①把握初始状态（on the rocks）；②找转折词（but, however, gradually）；③关注结尾主旨（理解与珍惜） ❌ 被局部细节干扰，忽略文章主旨。 ✅ 文章讲 misunderstanding，主旨为“坦诚沟通化解误会”。 七选五 语篇衔接（给朋友的回信） 三看一读法：①看代词指代；②看逻辑连词；③看词汇复现（friendship, trust, misunderstanding）；④读空前后句保连贯 ❌ 只看词汇复现，忽略逻辑关系。 ✅ 空后提到 let go of，则空前须提到“释怀/放下”。 完形填空 夹叙夹议（人际矛盾与理解） 语境逻辑四步法：①通读把握情感基调；②逐空代入注意上下文复现；③注意固定搭配；④代入复查 ❌ 脱离语境选词。 ✅ 前文 misunderstand，后文 apologize，结合逻辑选 forgive 或 trust。 （四）语法填空版块 模块 考点分类 答题核心技巧 易错警示 & 典型示例 有提示词填空 词性判断法 ①作谓语→考虑时态/语态/主谓一致；②作非谓语→考虑 doing/done/to do；③作定语/表语→考虑派生词（friend→friendship） ❌ 不看句子成分乱变形。 ✅ She finds it ______ (easy) to talk. 填 easier（比较级）。 无提示词填空（定语从句） 成分缺省法 缺主语/宾语且修饰名词→填关系代词 who/whom/which/that/whose；缺状语→when/where/why ❌ 盲目填 that。 ✅ The friend ______ advice helped me 填 whose（作定语）。 无提示词填空（其他） 固定搭配与冠词 名词前缺限定词→填冠词或介词；注意固定搭配中的冠词 ❌ 忽略固定搭配。 ✅ make ______ most of resources 填 the （五）书面表达版块 模块 考点分类 答题核心技巧 易错警示 & 典型示例 给朋友的回信/建议信 审题构思法 ①人称 I/you，时态一般现在/将来；②列提纲（危机+原因+建议+呼吁）；③套高级句式；④检查格式时态 ❌ 时态混乱，缺少高级句式。✅ In my opinion, a real friend is someone whose support we can count on. 关于友谊的演讲稿/博客 共情+引用法 ①以谚语/课文金句开篇（A true friend...）；②结合单元句式（whether...or... / The more..., the fewer...）；③落点行动 ❌ 套话空泛。 ✅ Whether we walk the path of life alone or with friends, friendship smooths out the rocky road. 【题型一】单项选择 1．After-school activities play a part when students ________ to the college. A．explore B．impress C．apply D．contact 【答案】C 【详解】句意：课外活动在学生申请大学时起到作用。A. explore探索；B. impress使留下深刻印象；C. apply申请；D. contact联系。根据空后“to the college”可知，空处表示“申请”；固定搭配apply to意为“向……申请”，C选项符合句意。 2．—Shall we go to the flower show in Shahu Lake to ________ beautiful flowers? —Good idea! And we can enjoy taking photos, too. A．praise B．admire C．treasure D．plant 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们去沙湖的花展欣赏美丽的花好吗？——好主意！我们还可以享受拍照的乐趣。A. praise表扬；B. admire欣赏；C. treasure珍惜；D. plant种植。根据上文the flower show以及下文beautiful flowers可知，句子表达去花展观赏鲜花，admire表示欣赏、观赏，契合语境。 3．I feel excited because this school differs in many ways from my ________ one. A．previous B．obvious C．curious D．generous 【答案】A 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很兴奋，因为这所学校在很多方面与我以前的那所学校不同。A. previous以前的；B. obvious明显的；C. curious好奇的；D. generous慷慨的。句中“differ from”意为“与……不同”，此处表示现在的学校与“以前的”学校不同。 4．It is ________ for teenagers to feel confused about their future. Talking to parents or teachers can be helpful. A．suitable B．responsible C．normal D．extra 【答案】C 【详解】句意：青少年对未来感到困惑是很正常的。跟父母或老师谈谈会有帮助。A. suitable合适的；B. responsible负责的；C. normal正常的；D. extra额外的。根据for teenagers to feel confused about their future可知，青少年对未来感到困惑是正常现象。 5．Han Gan was a ________ visitor to the royal stables and even moved in to live with the stable workers for quite some time. A．significant B．minor C．frequent D．generous 【答案】C 【详解】句意：韩干是皇家马厩的常客，甚至搬进去和马厩工人一起住了很长一段时间。 A. significant重要的；B. minor次要的；C. frequent频繁的；D. generous慷慨的。根据题干中“even moved in to live with the stable workers for quite some time”可知，他去马厩的次数非常多，是一位“频繁的”访客（常客）。 6．— Do you think you will attend the volunteer activity this weekend? — Yes, I ________ will, as I have promised the organizer. A．probably B．actually C．definitely D．entirely 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你认为你这个周末会参加志愿者活动吗？——是的，我肯定会，因为我已经答应组织者了。A. probably可能；B. actually事实上；C. definitely肯定地；D. entirely完全地。根据原因状语从句as I have promised the organizer可推知，说话人语气肯定，一定会参加该活动，definitely符合本句语境。 7．The adventurous spirit is part of what drives understanding, learning and progress. Even today, there are still many adventurers ______ pushing human limits. A．currently B．eventually C．constantly D．definitely 【答案】C 【详解】句意：冒险精神是推动理解、学习和进步的部分动力。即便在当下，仍有许多冒险者不断挑战人类的极限。A. currently当前地；B. eventually最终地；C. constantly持续不断地；D. definitely绝对地。根据“The adventurous spirit is part of what drives understanding, learning and progress.”和“still”可知，此处要表达冒险者始终坚持突破极限的状态，用constantly。 8．On hearing of the news, she seemed upset but quickly ________ herself. A．restricted B．remained C．rejected D．recovered 【答案】D 【详解】句意：一听到这个消息，她似乎很不安，但很快就恢复了镇定。A. restricted限制；B. remained保持；C. rejected拒绝；D. recovered恢复。根据but可知，此处表示转折，她虽然起初难过，但很快调整好了状态，recovered符合语境。 9．Before the exam, you should ________ your notes carefully. A．go over B．get over C．take over D．come over 【答案】A 【详解】句意：考试前，你应该仔细复习你的笔记。A. go over复习；B. get over克服；C. take over接管；D. come over过来。根据前的“Before the exam”以及后文的“your notes carefully”可知，考试前应该是复习笔记，所以空格处表示“复习”，应用go over。 10．By working hard, you may have a chance to ________ yourself from your colleagues and get promoted early. A．separate B．recover C．distinguish D．rescue 【答案】C 【详解】句意：通过努力工作，你可能会有机会在同事中脱颖而出，并获得提前晋升。 A. separate分开；B. recover恢复；C. distinguish区分，使出众；D. rescue救援。此处表示“使某人从……中脱颖而出/区别开来”，使用固定搭配distinguish oneself from...。 【题型二】单词拼写 1．Li Mei is usually very shy, but she’s g__________ (慷慨的，大方的). 【答案】generous/enerous 【详解】句意：李梅通常很害羞，但她很大方。“慷慨的，大方的”使用形容词generous，在句中作表语。 2．Reading classics brings a definite b________ (益处) to our thinking and problem-solving. 【答案】benefit/enefit 【详解】句意：阅读经典作品给我们的思考和解决问题带来确切的益处。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“益处”应用名词benefit，且不定冠词a后接单数名词。 3．Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some f___________ (坦率的，坦诚的) comments from you so that they can improve. 【答案】frank/rank 【详解】句意：停下来想一想，也许你的朋友想要你一些坦诚的评论，以便他们能够改进。空处应填形容词frank表示“坦率的，坦诚的”，在句中作前置定语，修饰名词comments。 4．This new heating system is much more e________ (效率高的) than the old one. 【答案】efficient/fficient 【详解】句意：这种新的供暖系统比旧的效率高得多。根据首字母提示e及汉语提示“效率高的”可知，此处应用形容词efficient；分析句子结构，空处位于系动词is之后，且与more构成比较级，作表语。 5．Be careful when swimming in the s______________ (浅的) water near the shore; there may be sharp rocks beneath the surface. 【答案】shallow/hallow 【详解】句意：在岸边浅水区游泳时要小心，水下可能有锋利的岩石。根据提示的汉语“浅的”以及首字母s可知，此处为形容词shallow，修饰名词water。 6．It was said that students from Chongqing No.1 Secondary School s________ (追求) academic progress and self-improvement even during this summer vacation. 【答案】sought/ought 【详解】据说，即使在今年暑假期间，来自重庆第一中学的学生们也在追求学业进步与自我提升。“追求”在句中作谓语，结合首字母提示，用动词seek，讲述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时态，其过去式为sought。 7．She was r____________ (公认) as one of the leaders of medical science in China. 【答案】recognized/ecognized 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：她被公认为中国医学的领军人物之一。根据上文was可知为被动语态，故填过去分词recognized。 8．That was d__________ (无疑地,确定地) the best play I have ever seen all year. 【答案】definitely 【详解】考查副词。句意：那无疑是我全年来看过的最好的比赛。definitely是副词作状语修饰was，作状语用副词形式。故填definitely。 9．He walked up to his English teacher after class and a__________ (道歉) sincerely to her for having missed the important speech contest. 【答案】apologized/pologized/apologised/pologised 【详解】句意：下课后，他走到英语老师跟前，诚恳地为错过那场重要的演讲比赛向她道歉。根据句意及首字母提示，表示“道歉”用动词apologize/apologise，且空处与句中walked up为并列的谓语动词，应用一般过去时。 10．True wisdom lies in how we respond to f________ (失败) rather than avoiding it all the time. 【答案】failure/ailure 【详解】句意：真正的智慧在于我们如何应对失败，而不是一直逃避它。根据首字母和汉语提示可知，用名词failure“失败”，作介词to的宾语。 【题型三】单句语法填空 1．You should carefully preserve the precious (origin) and never use it casually in daily life. 【答案】original 【详解】句意：你应当妥善保存这份珍贵的原件，切不可在日常生活中随意使用它。空处作及物动词preserve的宾语，需用名词。 origin是名词，意为“起源、源头”，不符合本句语义逻辑。结合空前precious和后文never use it casually可知，这里表示“原件”，应用original。 2． (recognize) for making complex techniques easier to follow, her work swept the nation. 【答案】Recognized 【详解】句意：因其简化复杂技术、便于实操而受到认可，她的作品风靡全国。本空作状语，her work与recognize之间是被动关系，用过去分词recognized，句首单词，首字母大写。 3．A giant sequoia tree (measure) nearly ninety meters in height stands as the oldest living being in this protected national park. 【答案】measuring 【详解】句意：一棵高度将近 90 米的巨杉，是这座受保护国家公园里现存最古老的生物。此处measure与tree构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。 4．You (ignore) those warning signals; now you have to bear the unpleasant consequences. 【答案】shouldn’t have ignored 【详解】句意：你本不应该忽视那些警告信号；现在你必须承担令人不快的后果。根据后半句“now you have to bear the unpleasant consequences(现在你必须承担令人不快的后果)”可知，前半句表示“本不应该做某事却做了”，应用shouldn’t have done结构，即shouldn’t have ignored。 5．None of the students (respond) to her question; in other words, her question failed to get a (respond) from any of the students. 【答案】 responded response 【详解】句意：没有一个学生回应她的问题；换句话说，她的问题没有得到任何学生的回应。 第一空：空处需要动词作谓语，根据后文failed可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填responded。 第二空：根据空前的不定冠词a可知，此处应填名词单数形式，作宾语；respond的名词形式为response，意为“回应，答复”。 6．Going on a spontaneous road trip is a way you can imagine (escape) from the daily routine and have some fun. 【答案】to escape 【详解】句意：来一场说走就走的公路旅行，是你能想到的摆脱日常生活、找点乐趣的一种方式。句中you can imagine是定语从句，修饰前面的a way，a way to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“做某事的方式”，用动词不定式作后置定语，因此空格处需要用不定式to escape。 7．We live in a global, multicultural world, so we are taught ( respect) different cultures in order to live in a harmonious environment. 【答案】to respect 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我们生活在一个全球化的、多元文化的世界里，因此我们被教导要尊重不同的文化，以便在一个和谐的环境中生活。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语“be taught to do sth.”，意为“被教导做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式作主语补足语。故填to respect。 8．The soft sofa brought her great , making her feel very ; however, the hard chair was simply . (comfort)   【答案】 comfort comfortable uncomfortable 【详解】考查词性转换。句意：这张柔软的沙发给她带来了极大的舒适感，让她感觉非常舒服；然而这把硬椅子简直让人不舒服。第一空作brought的宾语，需用名词形式comfort，意为“舒适感”；第二空作feel的表语，修饰人，需用形容词comfortable，意为“舒服的”；第三空结合however表转折可知，需用comfortable的反义词uncomfortable，意为“不舒服的”。故填comfort；comfortable；uncomfortable。 9．The book’s was torn, but we managed to it, and after a quick , it looked almost new. (cover) 【答案】 cover recover recovery 【详解】考查cover及其派生词。句意：这本书的封面已经撕破了，但我们还是设法把它复原了，经过快速的复原之后，它看起来几乎和新的一样了。空处①应用名词，作主语，cover可作名词，表示“封面”；空处②根据manage to do“设法做成某事”可知，应用动词原形，recover为动词，表示“复原”；空处③应用名词单数，作宾语，recovery为名词，表示“复原”。故填①cover；②recover；③recovery。 10． he failed the exam again made his parents very disappointed. 【答案】That 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他考试又不及格，这让他的父母非常失望。“he failed the exam again”是一个完整的句子，在句中作主语，且位于句首，所以用连词That引导主语从句（that在主语从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用，且不能省略），句首单词首字母大写。故填That。 【题型四】完成句子+句型转换 1．The wealthy philanthropist made ________________ (一笔慷慨的捐款) to the medical research center. 【答案】a generous contribution 【详解】句意：这位富有的慈善家向该医学研究中心作出了一笔慷慨的捐助。空前有谓语动词made，此空应填名词短语作宾语；“一笔慷慨的捐款”对应的英语表达是a generous contribution，符合题干要求。 2．The anonymous ______________________(慷慨的捐助者) donated a large sum of money to the children’s hospital. 【答案】generous benefactor 【详解】句意：这位匿名的慷慨捐助者向儿童医院捐赠了一大笔钱。表示“慷慨的捐助者”可用短语generous benefactor，在句中作主语。 3．It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier, _________________________________ (因为它允许人们通过使用社交媒体建立更大的朋友网络) . 【答案】as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media 【详解】句意：这也让人们在生活中寻找机遇变得容易得多，因为它使人们能够通过使用社交媒体建立更大的朋友网络。“因为”用连词as引导原因状语从句，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，“它”用代词it作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，“允许某人做某事……”用固定搭配allow sb to do，“人们”用people作allow宾语，“建立更大的朋友网络”表达为动宾短语make larger networks of friends，作宾语补足语，make用动词不定式形式，“通过使用社交媒体”表达为介宾短语through using social media作方式状语，置于句末。 4．正是你从失败中学到的东西塑造着你的品格。(强调句) __________________________________ shapes your characters. 【答案】It is what you learn from failures that 【详解】英语强调句固定结构为It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 剩余句子内容。本题被强调的部分是 “你从失败中学到的东西”，这部分可以用主语从句what you learn from failures表达，语境描述常态现象，用一般现在时，be动词用is。 5．This is the terrible typhoon. It hit our coastal city last week. (合并简单句为定语从句) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This is the terrible typhoon which/that hit our coastal city last week. 【详解】句意：这就是上周袭击我们沿海城市的那场可怕台风。两个简单句中，先行词the terrible typhoon 是事物，第二句的It 指代先行词，可用关系代词which/that替换it；关系代词在定语从句中作主语，从句 which/that hit our coastal city last week 修饰先行词 the terrible typhoon。 6．We bought a book. We learn Chinese culture from the book. (用介词 + 关系代词合并句子) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We bought a book from which we learn Chinese culture. 【详解】句意：我们买了一本书。我们从这本书中了解中国文化。本题要求借助“介词 + 关系代词”完成两句合并，先行词是事物a book，定语从句中原本搭配为learn Chinese culture from the book，介词用from；关系词指代物，且在介词后作宾语，只能使用关系代词which，将介词提前形成from which来替代原来的from the book，从而衔接前后两个分句，主句We bought a book保持不变。 7．That is the worst landslide. It has happened in this mountain village. (合并简单句为定语从句) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】That is the worst landslide that has happened in this mountain village. 【详解】句意：那是最严重的一次山体滑坡。它发生在这个山村里。先行词是the worst landslide，指物，且有最高级the worst修饰。在定语从句中，当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that。原句It has happened in this mountain village用来修饰landslide，将其变为定语从句，用that引导，紧跟先行词后，即That is the worst landslide that has happened in this mountain village. 8．这是第一家将AI助手应用于家电的公司，其创新设计改善了用户的日常生活。(非限制性定语从句) This is _____________ AI assistants to home appliances, _____________ has improved users’ daily lives. 【答案】 the first company to apply whose innovative design 【详解】根据英汉意思对比可知，第一空应填“第一家将……应用于……的公司”， 用固定句型This is the first + 名词 + to do sth.，表示“这是第一个做某事的……”，其中不定式作后置定语修饰名词。表示“公司”用company ；表示“应用”用动词短语apply ... to ...，故第一空填入the first company to apply。第二空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the first company，关系词在从句中作定语修饰名词innovative design，表示 “其创新设计”，用关系代词whose；“创新设计”翻译为innovative design，故第二空填入whose innovative design。 9．她被公认为是一名杰出的年轻作家，经常受邀在各大高校举办文学分享会。 Widely ____________ as an outstanding young writer, she is often invited to give literature sharing sessions in major universities. 【答案】recognized 【详解】“公认”用动词recognize，在句中作原因状语，用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语she之间为被动关系，用过去分词表被动。 10．No one believed the reason. The athlete provided the reason for his poor performance. （用定语从句合并句子） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】No one believed the reason that/which the athlete provided for his poor performance. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：没有人相信那位运动员为自己表现不佳所给出的理由。分析句子可知，两个句子中重复的名词是 the reason，它是被修饰的对象，即先行词。确定关系代词：先行词指物，且在从句中作动词 provided 的宾语，因此可以使用关系代词 that 或 which（也可以省略）。合并句子：将第二个句子中的“the reason”去掉，用关系代词替换，置于先行词之后。原句中的固定搭配“provide a reason for...”保持不变。故答案是：No one believed the reason that/which the athlete provided for his poor performance. 【题型五】选词填空 Passage A 用所给词的适当形式填空 energetic   concentrate   diet   get into shape immediately   prove   side effect  make a full recovery 30 October Dear Diary, I was very frightened when I woke up in hospital last Thursday. Then my mum told me what happened. She said I fainted in my PE class because of low blood sugar levels. Fortunately, I was rushed to hospital 1 . The doctor helped me and I 2 within two days. My experience 3 what a bad idea it is to try to lose weight by skipping meals. Now I know this extreme weight-loss method has serious 4 . I also understand that being healthy and 5 is more important than being slim. From now on, I’ll pay more attention to my health rather than my weight. I’ll eat a balanced 6 to make sure I have enough nutrition. Exercising regularly is also an important aspect of a healthy lifestyle. My doctor tells me that it’ll help me 7 better in class. So, I’ll pay sport with my friends every other day after school. I hope these lifestyle changes can help me 8 . 【答案】1．immediately 2．made a full recovery 3．proves 4．side effects 5．energetic 6．Diet 7．concentrate 8．get into shape 【分析】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了作者经历了因节食减肥导致低血糖而晕倒之后，明白了极端的减肥方法会对身体产生严重副作用，保持健康和精力充沛比苗条更重要。所以作者决定要关注健康而不是体重，并且在放学后和同学一起运动锻炼。 1．考查副词。句意：幸运的是，我被立即送往医院。修饰动词短语“be rushed to hospital”应该用副词作状语。故填immediately。 2．考查时态。句意：在医生的帮助下，我在两天之内就完全康复了。分析可知，住院及康复都是过去发生的事，此处谓语动词应该用一般过去时。“make a full recovery(完全康复)”和主语“I”构成主动关系。故填made a full recovery。 3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我的经验证明，通过不吃饭来减肥是一个多么糟糕的主意。由“what a bad idea it is to try to lose weight by skipping meals”可知，宾语从句部分用了一般现在时，则主句谓语动词可以用一般现在时，主语My experience单数，谓语单数形式，谓语动词为主动形式。故填proves。 4．考查名词短语。句意：现在我知道这种极端的减肥方法有严重的副作用。形容词“serious”修饰名词，“effect”意为“作用”，为可数名词，此处是指有很多副作用，所以应用复数形式。故填side effects。 5．考查形容词。句意：我也明白健康和精力充沛比苗条更重要。由“being healthy and”可知，此处为动名词短语做宾语从句的主语，故空格处应与形容词“healthy”并列，应用形容词。故填energetic。 6．考查名词。句意：我要均衡饮食以确保我有足够的营养。由“eat a balanced”可知，“balanced(均衡的)”为形容词，修饰名词，且为单数形式。故填diet。 7．考查动词。句意：我的医生告诉我这能帮助我在课堂上更好地集中注意力。“help sb. do sth.”为固定搭配。故填concentrate。       8．考查动词短语。句意：我希望这些生活方式的改变能帮助我强身健体。固定搭配“get into shape”锻炼身体，强身健体，与“help sb. do sth.”搭配使用。故填get into shape。 Passage B 用所给词的适当形式填空 amazement  bare  comfort  orphan  reveal  proceed  investigate  sob  dive In the story Anne of Green Gables, the main character Anne was an 11-year-old 1 . She was sent to a house belonging to Marilla and Matthew. When she arrived at the door, Marilla was frozen in 2 as she expected to be sent a boy. Marilla told Anne that she could stay with them until the matter was 3 . Anne was very emotional when she heared she might be sent back and 4 to throw herself on a chair and cry. Marilla and Matthew were unsure how to 43 her but try their best. They told her there was no need to cry but Anne continued to be upset. Marilla made dinner for Anne, although she refused to eat as she had no appetite. After dinner, Marilla took Anne to a bedroom to sleep. Anne found the room cold and 5 . She even described the white curtains as “icy”. Anne began to 6 again as she got ready for bed. She then 7 under the blankets and pulled them over her head. Marilla came back to check on Anne and tidied her clothes. When she said “Good night”, Anne 8 herself from under the blankets and told her it was the worst night she ever had. 【答案】1．orphan 2．amazement 3．investigated 4．proceeded 5．comfort 6．bare 7．Sob 8．dived 9．revealed 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍的是在故事《绿山墙的安妮》中的主角安妮的人生经历。 1．考查名词。句意：在故事《绿山墙的安妮》中，主角安妮是一个11岁的孤儿。分析句子可知，空前为形容词，所以此处为名词，结合句意可知，此处表示“孤儿”为orphan，且前面有不定冠词an，所以为名词单数。故填orphan。 2．考查名词。句意：当她到达门口时，玛丽拉惊讶地僵住了，因为她希望被派来一个男孩。分析句子可知，介词后面应为名词，结合句意可知，此处表示“惊讶地”为in amazement符合句意。故填amazement。 31．考查动词。句意：玛丽拉告诉安妮，在事情被调查之前，她可以和他们在一起。根据句意可知，此处应为“调查”investigate，与前面的was构成句子的谓语，两者为被动关系。故填investigated。 4．考查动词。句意：当安妮听说她可能被送回去时，她非常激动，并继续在椅子上哭泣。分析句子可知，空前and连接并列句，讲述的是两件事情，结合句意可知，此处表示的是“继续做某事”为proceed o do sth.，本文介绍的是过去的事情，且与might并列，所以使用一般过去时态，表主动。故填proceeded。 5．考查动词。句意：玛丽拉和马修不知道该如何安慰她，但尽力了。分析句子可知，此处位于不定式符号to之后，应为动词原形，结合句意可知，此处表示“安慰”应为comfort。故填comfort。 6．考查形容词。句意：安妮发现房间冰冷且光秃秃的。分析句子可知，此处与空前的cold并列作宾补，结合句意可知，此处应为“光秃秃的”bare。故填bare。 7．考查动词。句意：安妮在准备睡觉时又开始抽泣。分析句子可知，此处应为动词原形，根据again可知，此处表示的是“哭泣”。故填sob。 8．考查动词。句意：然后她钻入毯子下面，把毯子盖在头上。分析句子可知，此处与and后的pulled为并列谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处表示的是安妮“钻进”毯子，所以使用dive，且与pulled并列。故填dived。 9．考查动词。句意：当她说“晚安”时，安妮从毯子下钻出来，并告诉她这是她经历过的最糟糕的夜晚。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词与told并列，结合句意可知，此处表示“透露”应为reveal，且与told并列表主动。故填revealed。 【题型六】语法填空 Passage A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last month, I had a misunderstanding with my best friend Lily, 1 I have known for ten years. She criticised me for 2 (not help) her with a project. I felt annoyed and said something thoughtless. Later, I realised that my words had hurt her. I felt a sense of 3 (embarrass) and didn’t know how to resolve the conflict. 4 (concern) about the present situation, I turned to my mother for help. My mother advised me 5 (take) a deep breath and calm down. She said, “If you apologise sincerely, she 6 (forgive) you.” I decided to write her a letter instead of texting. In the letter, I admitted my fault and promised to adjust my behaviour. I also told her that our friendship was 7 core of my social life. To my relief, she replied the next day. She said that she had overlooked her own mistakes too. We agreed to meet at a café and had a frank talk. In the end, we not only made up but also became closer. From this experience, I learned that communication is 8 (essential) than pride in maintaining relationships. I also realised that we should always treat others with kindness. 9 (fortunate), whenever I feel angry now, I remind 10 (I) to think before speaking. 【答案】 1．who 2．not helping 3．embarrassment 4．Concerned 5．to take 6．will forgive 7．the 8．more essential 9．Fortunately 10．myself 【导语】主要讲述作者与十年好友产生误会、化解矛盾的经历，并从中领悟到维系人际关系的道理。 【详解】 1．考查定语从句。句意：上个月，我和我认识十年的最好的朋友莉莉产生了误会。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词Lily指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词who。故填who。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：她因为我没有帮她完成一个项目而批评我。介词for后接动名词作宾语，否定形式在动名词前加not，所以用not helping。故填not helping。 3．考查名词。句意：我感到一阵尴尬，不知道如何化解这场矛盾。介词of后接名词作宾语，embarrass对应的名词形式为embarrassment，意为“尴尬”。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：担心当下的局面，我向妈妈寻求帮助。此处为非谓语动词作状语，根据固定搭配be concerned about可知，concern与逻辑主语I之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词concerned，置于句首首字母大写。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：妈妈建议我深呼吸、冷静下来。此处为固定搭配advise sb. to do sth.，意为“建议某人做某事”，所以用动词不定式to take作宾补。 6．考查动词时态。句意：她说：“如果你真诚道歉，她将会原谅你。”此处为条件状语从句遵循主将从现，从句为一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，所以谓语动词为will forgive。 7．考查冠词。句意：我也告诉她，我们的友谊是我社交生活的核心。固定搭配 the core of...意为“……的核心”。 8．考查形容词比较级。句意：通过这次经历，我明白了在维系人际关系方面，沟通比骄傲更重要。根据空后than可知，此处用形容词比较级，essential的比较级为more essential。 9．考查副词。句意：幸运的是，现在每当我感到生气时，我都会提醒自己三思而后言。此处修饰整个句子，需要副词作状语，fortunate对应的副词fortunately，意为“幸运的是”，置于句首首字母大写。 10．考查反身代词。句意：幸运的是，现在每当我感到生气时，我都会提醒自己三思而后言。此处指代主语I本身，需要反身代词作宾语，所以用myself。 Passage B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the old saying goes, “Friends are like liquor (酒): the older, the better.” Many people consider old friends to be more important than new ones. For example, if two pieces of advice 1 (give) to solve a problem, one from a new friend and the other from 2 old friend, people will prefer the latter one 3 (base) on the long-term trust rather than the former one, even though the new friend’s advice may be better. I, however, disagree with the old saying, 4 (believe) that new friends are not 5 (necessary) worse than old friends. It is not always right 6 (determine) your friendship by the length of time. Once you call someone a friend, he or she must be a person 7 is reliable and whose interests are in common with 8 (you). It is mainly his or her character and interests that make him or her your friend. It actually has little to do with time. People’s appearance may change, but their character usually 9 (remain) the same. Therefore, on this point, there are no 10 (difference) between old friends and new friends. 【答案】 1．are given 2．an 3．based 4．believing 5．necessarily 6．to determine 7．who/that 8．yours 9．remains 10．differences 【导语】文章主要围绕老话“朋友如酒，越久越醇”展开论述，表达作者并不认同老友一定优于新朋友的观点，并阐明评判友情的核心依据。 【详解】1．考查动词语态。句意：例如，若为解决同一个问题给出两条建议，一条来自新朋友，另一条来自老朋友，人们往往会凭借长久以来的信任偏向后者，而非前者，即便新朋友的建议或许更为妥当。此处为谓语动词，陈述普遍情况用一般现在时，主语two pieces of advice与give之间为被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为名词复数，所以谓语动词为are given。 2．考查冠词。句意：例如，若为解决同一个问题给出两条建议，一条来自新朋友，另一条来自老朋友，人们往往会凭借长久以来的信任偏向后者，而非前者，即便新朋友的建议或许更为妥当。friend为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，结合句意，此处表示一位老朋友，为泛指，且old是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，若为解决同一个问题给出两条建议，一条来自新朋友，另一条来自老朋友，人们往往会凭借长久以来的信任偏向后者，而非前者，即便新朋友的建议或许更为妥当。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合固定搭配be based on意为“依据”可知，去掉be动词，所以此处使用过去分词based。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而我并不认同这句老话，认为新朋友未必比不上老朋友。此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，believe与逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词believing。 5．考查副词。句意：然而我并不认同这句老话，认为新朋友未必比不上老朋友。此处用来修饰形容词比较级worse，需用副词作状语，necessary的副词形式为necessarily意为“必然地”。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：凭借相处时间长短来判定友情深浅并不总是正确的。此处固定句型it is right to do sth.意为“做某事是正确的”，其中it为形式主语，用动词不定式to determine作真正主语。 7．考查定语从句。句意：一旦你认定某人为朋友，那此人必定是可靠的，且与你志趣相投。此处引导定语从句，先行词为person指人，从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词who或that。 8．考查代词。句意：一旦你认定某人为朋友，那此人必定是可靠的，且与你志趣相投。此处指代你的兴趣爱好，后面无名词，需要用名词性物主代词yours。 9．考查动词时态。句意：人的外貌或许会改变，但品性通常始终如一。此处为谓语动词，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语character为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为remains。 10．考查名词复数。句意：因此在这一点上，老朋友和新朋友之间并无差别。限定词no后接可数名词复数形式，difference“差别”的复数形式为differences。 【题型七】应用文写作 Passage A 1．假定你是李华，你的外国朋友 Lucy 来华交流学习。近期，她因生活习惯和观念差异和班里同学产生一些分歧，为此心情低落。请你用英语写一封邮件安慰她，内容包括： (1)表达理解与安慰； (2)给出可行的建议； (3)表达期待与祝愿。 注意： (1)写作词数应为 80 个左右； (2)请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Lucy, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Lucy, I’m terribly sorry to hear you’re upset because of disagreements with your classmates caused by different living habits and values. I can totally understand your awkward feelings while studying in a foreign country. Here are some practical suggestions for you. First, talk with your classmates calmly when conflicts appear and listen to their thoughts patiently. Besides, take part in more group activities to know each other better and remove misunderstandings. Cultural differences are common among people from different countries. I sincerely hope you can get along well with your classmates and enjoy your study here. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生用英语写一封邮件安慰Lucy，表达理解与安慰、给出可行的建议以及表达期待与祝愿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 沮丧的：upset → frustrated 完全：totally → completely 参加：take part in → participate in 真诚地：sincerely → heartfeltly 1.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Cultural differences are common among people from different countries. 拓展句：It is common that there are cultural differences among people from different countries. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m terribly sorry to hear you’re upset because of disagreements with your classmates caused by different living habits and values.（运用了过去分词作后置定语） 【高分句型2】I sincerely hope you can get along well with your classmates and enjoy your study here.（运用了省略that的宾语从句） Passage B 2. 你校英文报Harmonious campus (和谐校园) 栏目正在发起题为“Ways To Get Along With My Classmates”的讨论，请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 2．与同学相处的重要性; 3．与同学相处的方式。 注意： 4．写作词数应为100词左右，开头已给，不计入词数; 5．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Ways To Get Along With My Classmates Classmates play an important role in our daily study and life. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Ways To Get Along With My Classmates Classmates play an important role in our daily study and life. It’s our classmates that keep us company. We grow up together, so we should attach great significance to the relationship with other classmates. Here is how I try to have a good relationship with my classmates. Firstly, I think it important to understand each other. Whenever something unhappy happens among us, I’ll put myself in others’ shoes. Besides, I always spare no effort to help my classmates if they need help. Moreover, I enjoy activities which can promote relations with other classmates. Getting along well with classmates will build a harmonious environment for us to enjoy our daily study in. 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以投稿形式，阐述同学相处的重要性，并介绍和睦相处的具体方法。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 重要的：important→vital 理解：understand→comprehend 帮助：help→assist 促进：promote→enhance 1. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：We grow up together, so we should attach great significance to the relationship with other classmates. 拓展句：Since we grow up together, we should attach great significance to the relationship with other classmates. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Whenever something unhappy happens among us, I’ll put myself in others’ shoes.(运用whenever引导时间状语从句) 【高分句型 2】Moreover, I enjoy activities which can promote relations with other classmates. (运用which引导的定语从句) $