专题02 必修第一册Unit 3 单元词汇短语句型语法梳理（期中图文版知识清单）高一英语上学期译林版

◇友谊主题单元 1.awkward adj. 局促不安的；令人尴尬的； 难对付的；笨拙的 2.sight n. 野；视力； 看 3.medium n.(pl.media) 传播信息的媒介， 方法；手段，工具 ad.中等的，中号的 4.chat vi.&n. 聊天，闲聊 5.case n. n.具体情况，事例； 案件；容器 6.frank adj. 坦率的，直率的 7.definitely adv. YES! 肯定，确实；确切地 8.contact vt.&n 联系，联络 R-R-B 必背重点词（1) 9.shallow adj. 肤浅的，浅薄的； 浅的 10.theme n. 主题；主旋律 11.quality n. n.品德，素质；质量；特征 ad.优质的，高质量的 12.extra adj. EXTRA 920% ad.额外的，分外的，附加的 aM.额外，另外；特别，格外刍 13,measure vt. n.估量，判定；测量 n.措施；衡量 14.seek (sought,sought) 0 vi.试图；寻找；争取 vt.寻求；寻找 15,escape vi.&vt. Vt.逃脱，躲避；逃胞； 避开，避免；被遗忘 n.逃离，逃脱 ◇友谊主题单元·必背重点词（2) 16.joyn.高兴，愉快；令人高兴的人（或事），乐趣 17.moment n.时光，时机；瞬间；某个时刻 18.recognize vt..承认，意识到；认出，辨别出 19.thorough ad少.彻底的，全面的；仔细的 20.company n.陪伴，作伴；公司 21.cafén.咖啡馆，小餐馆 22.blog n.博客，网志 23.slave n.奴隶 24.raft n.木排，筏 25.indeed adv.其实，实际上；的确；真正地 26.well-meaning ad.出于好心的，善意的 亨易考点提示： ·mediuml的复数形式为不规则变化media Cafe 0vs.00 立国 seek的过去式、 过去分词均为sought sek→？ V-ed V-en ◇多友谊主题单元·必背高频短语（1) 1.on the rocks 2.out of one's sight (关系)陷于困境， 脱离某人的视线 濒临崩渍 3.make friends (with sb) 4.hang out (与某人)交朋友 ☆ 闲逛，泡在一起 5.make it 6.pick up the pieces 能够出席；准时到达； (关系破裂后)收拾 获得成功 残局，重整旗鼓 7.break one's heart 8.feel like (doing) 伤某人的心 想要（做），感觉 要（做） 9.have fun 10.at a loss 玩得开心，玩乐 不知所措，困惑 11.be worth doing 12.in the wrong 值得做（主动形式表被动）少 有错，应承担责任 13.in any case 14.have a (full and frank)talk with sb 无论如何，不管怎样 与某人（充分坦诚地）交谈 15.be sure to do ☆ 务必做，一定做 ☆ ◇友谊主题单元 16.trust sb 信任某人 17.trick sb (be tricked by) 欺骗某人（被…欺骗） 18.let go of 放弃，摒弃；松手，放开之 19.value sth 重视，珍视 20.it is time to do 是时候做… 21.come and go 来来去去，聚散 美秀 22.smooth out 消除（问题） 克服（困难） 23.be meant to do ☆ 应该做，旨在做 ☆ -©尺J2 必背高频短语(2) 24.in full measure 最大程度地，充分地 25.with the help of 在…的帮助下 26.be known as 被称为，以…闻名 27.put one's thoughts into words 把想法化为言语 28.a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved 忧患均分，烦恼减半 (分担即减半) 29.depend on 依靠，依赖 ©© 30.get along with 与…相处 0-0-y ◆友谊主题单元·必背高频短语（3)&核心句型 （上) ##高频短语 31.count on依赖，依靠，指望 32.eat away at侵蚀，逐渐破坏；使苦恼 33.come between...and.损害…之间的关系；妨碍 34.in person亲自，亲身 35.take the place of代替，取代 36.get over克服；恢复常态 37.be responsible for对…负责 38.bring out使显现；使表现出；出版 39.through thick and thin不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦 ##核心句型 1.时间状语从句+定语从句(who指人，作主语) willing When I was an awkward primary school student,she was the friend populr girl who was willing to make friends with me. 译文：当我还是 个笨拙的小学生时，她就是那个愿意和我交朋友的受欢迎的女孩。 2.whether.or.引导让步状语从句 Whether we're walking to school,doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend,we're hardly out of each other's sight. hardly out of sight 译文：无论我们是步行上学、做作业，还是周末闲逛，我们俩几乎形影不离。 3.s0.that结果状语从句+并列句+动名词作宾语 I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day,and I still don't feel like responding to any of her online messages. 译文：我如此生气，以至于一整天在学校都躲着她，而且仍不想回复她的任何在线消息。 针友谊主题单元·核心句型&语法 (上) ##核心句型 4.现在分词（短语）作后置定语+宾语从句 But in the morning,my friend posted a message on social media saying she had a cold. (译文：但早上，我的朋友在社交媒体上发了一条信息，说她感冒了。) 5.限制性定语从句(whom指人，作宾语) I also had a friend whom I trusted a lot. (译文：我也有一个我非常信任的朋友。) 6.时间状语从句+that宾语从句+被动语态 When I found out that I was tricked by him,I was really hurt and let go of our friendship. (译文：当我发现被他欺骗时，我真的很受伤，于是放弃了我们的友谊。) 7.if条件状语从句+it is time to do However,if your friend ignores your feelings or makes you suffer, it's time to rethink your relationship. (译文：然而，如果你的朋友无视你的感受或让你痛苦，就该重新审视你们的关系了。) 8.定语从句(that指物，作travel的宾语)+be meant to do More often than not,close friendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel. (译文：通常，亲密的友谊会帮我们踏平那条我们注定都要走过的时而坎 坷的道路。) 9.find it+adj.+todo复合宾语(it形式宾语)+thanb比较 weakness We often find it easier to recognize other people's weaknesses than our own. (译文：我们常发现，认清别人的缺点比认清自己的缺点更容易。) ###重点语法·定语从句概述 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句；被修饰的名词/代词叫先行词； 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 G 关系词分类 分类 关系代词(who/whom/whose/.which/ 限制性定语从句（紧跟先行词、无逗 that)、关系副词(when/where/why) 号，去掉句意不完整) 一三重作用：…连接主从句、指代先行 非限制性定语从句（逗号隔开、补充 词、在从句中充当成分。 说明，去掉不影响主句，不用that)9, ◆友谊主题单元·核心语法·定语从句全解 ###一、关系代词基本用法 关系代词 指代 从句成分 特殊说明 that 人)物 主/宾/表 作宾语可省略 which 物 主/宾 作宾语可省略 who 人 主/宾 作宾语可省略 whom 人 宾 可省略，介词后只用whom whose 人物 定语 =of which/of whom+名词 用法示例： ①who/that(指人，主语)：A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out. 团固 ②whom/who/that(指人，宾语）：Social media has come between us and the friends whom we love. ③which/that(指物，主/傧)：The values which matter most to us should be expressed in person. 酒 ④whose(指人/物，定语）：I still remember the friend whose advice helped me out of trouble. ⑤介词+which/whom:He is the person with whom I share my secrets. ##二、关系词选用三步法 1.看先行词： 、指人→who/whom/whose/that;指物-→which/that/whose 2.看从句成分： 缺主/宾/定用关系代词，缺状语用关系副词(when/where/why) 3.看特殊规则： o 是否属于只用that/只用whichi的情况 ##三、特殊规则&易错警示 ◆只用that的情况：①先行词是不定代词；②被the only/the very/序数词/最高级 修饰；③先行词既有人人又有物；④主句已有which ◆只用vhich的情况：①介词提前修饰指物先行词；②非限制性定语从句指物 A易错点：①关系代词作主语不可省略，谓语单复数和先行词一致； ②介词后不用that/who;③非限制性定语从句不用that; ④关系副词作状语，不可误用which/that作主语/宾语 高频派生词必背(1) original ad少.起初的；独创的；原作的→originally adv.原来；起初→ origin n.起源；起因；出身→originate v.起源；发源；创建 horrible ad.令人震惊的；可恶的，极坏的→horror n.恐怖；令人恐怖的事物→horriblyadv.令人震惊地 recover vi.恢复健康；恢复常态Vt.全额收回；寻回；重新获得； 恢复，重新控制-→recoveryn..恢复，痊愈；复苏 judge vt.&i.评价，（尤指）批评；判断，认为n.法官；裁判员 →judg(e)ment n.判断，评价 apologize vi.道歉，谢罪→apology m.道款 behaviour n.行为，举止，态度→behave v.表现 ignore Vt忽视，对…不予理会→ignorance n.无知，愚昧 →ignorant ad.无知的，愚昧的 suffer vi.受苦，受折磨；变差vt.遭受，蒙受→suffering n.痛苦，苦难→sufferer n.患者；受难者 misunderstand vt..&vi.(misunderstood,.misunderstood)误解，误会 →misunderstanding n.误解，误会；不和 explode Vⅵ.（愤怒等感情）爆发，进发；爆炸Vt使爆炸→ explosion n.爆炸，爆发；激增 generous ad,宽宏大量，的，仁慈的；慷慨的→generosity n.慷概 basis n.基础；原因；基准→basic adj,基础的；基本的→base vt.以…为基础 respect vt尊重，尊敬n.尊敬，敬意；重视→respected ad,受尊敬的→y respectful adj,有礼貌的→respectable adj,.体面的；值得尊敬的 efficient adj.效率高的，有功效的→efficiency n.效率，效 69 能→[反义词可inefficient ad.效率低的，无效率的 reflection n.沉思；反射；映像；反映；反映→reflect vi..思考 凤@ Vt认真思考；反映；反射；显示 https://oss-xkw-aigc.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/talosflow/base/scheduler_0c332ad2-ddde-47bd-baea-3a0c156e9c4c-image1.png 高频派生词必背 (2) +必考介词固定搭配 ##派生词部分 16.benefit n.优势，益处，成效vt.使受益vi.得益于→ beneficial adj.有益的 17.comfort vt.宽慰，抚慰n.舒服；安慰→comfortable ad.舒服的→uncomfortable adj,不舒服的；令人不适的 18.failure n.失败；失败的人（或事）；未履行；故障→fail i.失败；未做；不及格 19.death n.死，死亡，死亡状态→dead ad.死的；死亡的→die →vi,死，离世→deadly adj.致命的 20.crowd n.一伙人，一帮人；人群Vt.挤满，使拥挤 vi,聚集；挤，涌→crowded ad,拥挤的 21.admire vt.钦佩；欣赏→admiration n.赞赏；钦佩 ##必考介词固定搭配（考法：固定搭配挖空介词） 1.count on依赖，依靠，指望。 2.eat away at侵蚀，逐渐破坏；使苦恼 3.come between.and.损害…之间的关系；妨碍 4. out of one's sight脱离某人的视线 5.in one's opinion在某人看来 6.in the wrong有错，应承担责任 7.ata loss不知所措，困惑n 8.in person亲自，亲身 9.on the basis of以…为基础/on a regular basis定期地 10.let go of放弃，摒弃；松手，放开 11.take the place of代替，取代 12.get over克服：恢复常态写 13.spend time on sth.花时间在…上 愈talosflow 核心语法专项：定语从句+ed/ing形容词辨析 定语从句关系词选用 三步法：①看先行词指人/物 ②看关系词在从句中成分（主/宾/定→关系代词，状→关系副词when/where/why) ③看特殊规则（只用that/只用which/介词后） △A ·指人：who/that(生语)； 易错点： whom/who/that(宾语)；whose(定语) ①介词后指人用whom、指物用 ⑦·指物：which/that(住语/宾语)； which,不用that; ②非限制性定语从句不用that; whose(定语)；介词后只用which ③关系副词在从句中作状语，不可充 当主语/宾语。 -ed/-ing形容词辨析 e 规则：-ed修饰人/感受者（感到.…的）；-ing修饰物/事（令人…的） embarrassed embarrassing embarrass→ 感到尴尬的 令人尴尬的 worried worrying worry 感到担忧的 令人担忧的 interested interest → interesting 感兴趣的 有趣的 confused confusing confuse 感到困惑的 令人困惑的 excited exciting excite 感到兴奋的 令人兴奋的 提示：本单元awkward(局促不安的/令人尴尬的)、shallow (肤浅的) 本身即-ing结尾形容词，并非-ed-ing对立词，切忌误加-ed。 翼 高分句型+友谊主题写作万能素材 一、必背高分句型（可直接仿写/汉译英套用） 01.whether.or.让步： Whether we're walking to school or hanging out,we're hardly out of each other's sight. 无论上学还是周末闲逛，我们几乎形影不离。 编2.s0..that…结果： She was so angry that she avoided me all day. 她如此生气，以至于整天躲着我。 ◆3.定语从句仿写： A real friend is someone whose support we can count on. 真正的朋友是你能依靠的人。 编4.find it+ad.+todo We often find it easier to recognize other people's weaknesses than our own. 我们发现认清别人的缺点更容易。 5.It is adj.to do: It is not easy to keep a friendship once trust is broken. 维系友谊不容易。 鲁6.the+比较级，the+比较级： The more you communicate,the fewer misunderstandings you will have. 交流越多，误会越少。 ◆7.现在分词作定语： ea cold She posted a message saying she had a cold 她发了一条诜感冒了的消息。 二、友谊主题书面表达万能素材 ◆常用体栽：给朋友的回信、建议信、关于友谊的演讲稿、博客短文 ◆写作逻辑：描述友谊危机(on the rocks/misunderstanding)→分析原因→提出建议（坦诚沟通 /in person/let go of误会)→呼吁珍惜友谊 常备万能句式： 1.I'm sorry to hear that your friendship with your best friend is on the rocks because of a misunderstanding. 听说你和最好朋友的友谊因为一个误会而出现危机，我很难过。 2.In my opinion,the misunderstanding may result from a lack of communication and mutual trust. 在我看来，这个误会可能源于缺乏沟通和相互信任。 3.A real friend is someone who is willing to listen,understand and forgive,even when things go wrong. 真正的朋友是即使事情变糟也愿意倾听、理解和原谅的人。 4.It is not easy to keep a friendship,but it is worth every effort. 维持一投友谊井不容易，但值得付出一切劈力。 5.Why not talk with your friend in person and let go of the misunderstanding instead of keeping it to yourself??为什么不亲自和朋友谈谈，放下误会，而不是把事憋在心里呢？ 6. The more you communicate honestly,the fewer misunderstandings you will have. 你越坦诚沟通，误会就会越少。 1. If I were you,I would apologize for my part and give the friendship a second chance. 如果我是你，我会为自己那都分道歉，并给友谊第二次机会。 8.Let's cherish the friends who stand by us and make our friendship last. 让我们诊惜陪伴在身边的朋友，让友谊长久。 A B 高中英语高频易混辨析卡(1) ##辨析01-ed形容词vs-ing形容词 例句：The embarrassing rumor made me embarrassed.(令人尴尬的谣言让我感到尴尬) 词对 -ed(指人，感到.…的) -ing(指物/事，令人…的) embarrass embarrassed感到尴尬的 embarrassing令人尴尬的 worry worried感到担忧的 worrying令人担忧的 interest interested感兴趣的 邻 interesting有趣的 confuse confused感到困惑的 confusing令人困惑的 excite excited感到兴奋的 exciting令人兴奋的 ☑【浅黄高亮背景】记忆：-ed用"人/感受者”，-ing用"物/事（令人的）” ##辨析02 count on depend on rely on 短语 含义 例句 count on 依赖，指望（口语） You can count on me to help. depend on 依靠，取决于 Children depend on their parents rely on 信赖，依靠 We rely on him for support. ☑【浅黄高亮背景】记忆：三者均表“依靠、指望”；count on偏口语，常接sb.todo; depend on/rely on较正式，rely on强调信赖。 #辨析03 in person/personally/by oneself 短语 含义 例句 in person 亲自，亲身 You should apologize in person. personally 就个人而言；亲自 Personally,I value honesty. by oneself 独自地 She finished it by herself. ⊙® 2 ☑【浅黄高亮背景】记忆：in person亲自（到场）；personally就个人而言/亲 自（副词）；by oneself独自地（无人陪伴）。 加油背 高中英语高频易混辨析卡（2) <> ##辨析04 on the rocks/at a loss/in the wrong 短语 含义 例句 1.on the rocks (关系)陷于困境 Their friendship is on the rocks. 2.at a loss 不知所措，困惑 I was at a loss what to do. 3.in the wrong 有错，应承担责任 He realized he was in the wrong. ☑【浅黄高亮背景】 记忆：on the rocks关系颜临破裂；ataloss不知所措；in the wrong有错、 应承担责任。 ##辨析05who/whom/that (关系代词选用) 情况 选用 例句 4.指人·主语 who /that The girl who helps me is Lucy. 5.指人·宾语 who /whom /that The friend(whom)I trust is honest Object witb 6.介词+指人 whom The person with whom I talk is my teacher. ☑ 【浅黄高亮背景】记忆：指人作主语用who/that;作宾语who/whom/that均可（常省路）； 介词后用whom,绝不用that。 ##辨析O6 which vs that(只用that/只用which) 情形 必须用 例句 7.不定代词/最高级修饰 that This is the best film that I have seen. 子 8.介词提前（指物） which The book on which I rely is lost. d 9.非限制性从句（指物） which He gave me a pen,which I like ,⊙ ☑【浅黄高亮背景】记忆：只用that:不定代词/最高级/序数词/the only/the very/. 既有人又有物；只用which:介词提前、非限制性定语从句指物。 Study ⊙A Keep Hard! Going! D 鹯 高中英语高频易混辨析卡 (3) 晶 辨析o7 let go of/give up/get over 短语 含义 例句 let go of 放弃，释怀 Let go of your anger. give up 放弃（努力） Don't give up your dream. get over 克服；恢复 She got over the sadness. ☑记忆：let go of放开、释怀（误会/执念）；give up放弃（努力 /习惯)；get over克服、恢复常态（困难/失恋） 辨析08 whether.or..vs no matter..(让步状语从句) 结构 含义 例句 whether 无论…还是… Whether you come .0r.… or stay,I'll go. no matter No matter what 无论什么/如何 what/how happens,keep calm. ☑记忆：whether…or.可引带选择范围的让步（后接并列成分 或从句)；no matter+wh-引无条件让步（后接从句）；whether 可作主宾，no matter不可。 背诵打卡区(Recitation Check-in) OOOOOOOOO 树 高中英语应用文写作必背卡片（1)：安慰建议类邮件 司写作任务 假定你是李华，外国朋友LuCy来华交流时因生活习惯、观念差异和同学产生分歧心情低落， 请写一封邮件安慰她。 写作要点：①表达理解与安慰②给出可行建议③表达期待与祝愿词数要求：80词左右 才参考范文 Dear Lucy, I'm terribly sorry to hear you're upset because of disagreements with your classmates caused by different living habits and values.I can totally understand your awkward feelings while studying in a foreign country. Here are some practical suggestions for you.First,talk with your classmates calmly when conflicts appear and listen to their thoughts patiently.Besides,take part in more group activities to know each other better and remove misunderstandings. Cultural differences are common among people from different countries.I sincerely hope you can get along well with your classmates and enjoy your study here. Yours sincerely, Li Hua ★必记核心词汇（共15个) 1.upset adj.沮丧的→同义替换：frustrated 8.practical ad.实用的 同 2.totally adv,完全→同义替换：。 completely 9.conflict n.冲突 3.take part in参加→同义替换：participate in 10.patiently adv.耐心地 灯 4.sincerely adv.真诫地→同义簪换：heartfeitly 11.misunderstanding n.误解 超 5.disagreement n.分歧 12.get along well with与和睡相处 s色 6.value n.价值观 13.remove v.消除 7.awkward adj.尴尬的 14.cultural difference文化差异 义1金 8.practical adj实用的 它 15.suggestion n.建议 ★高分亮点 ☑高分句型1：I'm terribly sorry to hear you're upset because of disagreements with your classmates caused by different living habits and values.(过去分词作后置定语) ☑高分句型2：I sincerely hope you can get along well with your classmates and enjoy your study here.(省略that的宾语从句) ☑句式拓展：原句Cultural differences are common among people from different countries.拓展为复合句：It is common that there are cultural differences among people from different countries. SCHOOL POST 高中英语应用文写作必背卡片(2)：校报投稿类短文 才写作任务 你校英文报Harmonious campus(和谐校园)栏目发起题为Ways To Get Along With My Classmates'"的讨论，请写一篇短文投稿。 写作要点：①说明与同学相处的重要性②介绍与同学相处的方式 词数要求：100词左右开头已给，不计入总词数 才参考范文 Ways To Get Along With My Classmates Classmates play an important role in our daily study and life.It's our classmates that keep us company.We grow up together,so we should attach great significance to the relationship with other classmates.Here is how I try to have a good relationship with my classmates. Firstly,I think it important to understand each other.Whenever something unhappy happens among us,I'll put myself in others'shoes.Besides,I always spare no effort to help my classmates if they need help.Moreover,I enjoy activities which can promote relations with other classmates. Getting along well with classmates will build a harmonious environment for us to enjoy our daily study in. 才必记核心词汇（共15个） important ad,重要的→同 put myself in 义义替换：vital others'shoes 不遗余力做 understand V.理解→同义替 换：comprehend relation n.关系 help V.帮助→同义 义替换：assist environment n.环境 promote V.促进→同义 义替换：enhance 12 daily ad.日常的 company n.陪伴 13 activity n.活动 attach great 14 significance to 重视 role n.角色 A harmonious ad.和谐的 grow up 成长 才高分亮点 ☑高分句型1：Whenever something unhappy happens among us,''ll put myself in others'shoes.(whenever引导时i间状语从句) ☆高分句型2：Moreover,,I enjoy activities which can promote relations with other classmates.(which引导的定语从句) 图句式拓展：原句We grow up together,so we should attach great significance to the relationship with other classmates.同义转换为： Since we grow up together,we should attach great significance to the relationship with other classmates.