Unit 4 Inventions 笔试新题型A篇2026-2027学年沪教版英语八年级上册

沪教版八年级上册Unit 4 Inventions 笔试新题型A篇 沪教版八年级上册Unit 4 Inventions笔试新题型A篇（含答案） 学校：__________班级：__________姓名：_________ 考号：___________ 一、项目情境 （1） 阅读以下关于历史上重要发明的宣传材料，请根据同学们的行动匹配对应的宣传内容，并将宣传内容所对应的A、B、C、D、E、F选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项是多余选项。（共5小题；每小题2分） A. This glass bulb lights up when electricity passes through it. It allows people to work at night. B. This flying machine carries people from one place to another in a short time. C. This small device carries voices over long distances. It has changed the way people communicate with family and friends. D. This engine burned fuel to produce power. It was used in early trains, ships, and factories. E. This copying method（印刷方法）allowed books to be produced in large numbers. Therefore, knowledge reached more people. F. This ancient wheel made it much easier to move heavy goods. It later became a basic part of devices like windmills and clocks. 1. Zhang Wei gave a talk about a round object that made it easier to carry large loads and later became part of many devices. 2. Li Na wrote a report on a method of printing many copies of a book, which helped more people gain knowledge. 3. Chen Jie explained an engine that burned fuel to produce power and moved early trains and boats. 4. Wang Tao showed a picture of a glass bulb that lights up when electricity passes through it and allows people to work at night. 5. Liu Ying discussed a small tool that transmits（传送）voices over long distances and has changed how people talk to each other. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. （2） 阅读以下关于日常有趣发明的宣传材料，请根据同学们的行动匹配对应的宣传内容，并将宣传内容所对应的A、B、C、D、E、F选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项是多余选项。（共5小题；每小题2分） A. On rainy days, this tent-like cover wraps（缠绕）around the whole body. It may look strange, but it keeps you completely dry. B. This pair of shoes has small lights on the front. They help the wearer see the road and be seen at night. C. This simple tool cools hot noodles quickly. It works like a little fan and keeps the user from burning their mouth. D. With this special eyewear, a person can look forward and backward at the same time. It helps people know what is behind them. E. This brush removes loose fur from a pet while the animal rests. Its soft teeth make the pet feel comfortable. F. This device can be controlled by voice. When you speak to it, it does what you ask it to do, so you don’t need to touch any buttons. 1. Amy bought a pair of shoes with tiny lamps on the front. They help her see the path and be noticed after dark. 2. Peter uses a little machine to cool his hot food before he eats it. 3. Lucy has a special rain cover that wraps around her whole body and keeps her dry in a storm. 4. Tom wears special glasses that allow him to see what is behind him without turning around. 5. Mary uses a tool to remove loose fur from her pet while it sleeps. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. （3） 阅读以下关于新发明设计的宣传材料，请根据同学们的行动匹配对应的宣传内容，并将宣传内容所对应的A、B、C、D、E、F选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项是多余选项。（共5小题；每小题2分） A. This device can turn a computer design into a real object by adding material one thin layer at a time. B. This bag uses sunlight to charge a phone. It is useful when you travel and have no access to electricity（电力供应）. C. This machine is powered by a person riding a bicycle. When the pedals（踏板）turn, the clothes inside are washed. D. This vehicle can move on roads and also rise into the sky. It uses energy from the sun and produces no harmful gases. E. This system performs tasks when it hears your voice. It requires no buttons to operate. F. This head protector can be folded small enough to fit in a bag. It is made of strong plastic and shines at night. 1. Jack described a vehicle that can both drive and fly and uses clean energy. 2. Emma talked about a helmet that can be folded and carried easily. 3. David explained a washing machine that is powered by pedaling a bike. 4. Sophia showed a machine that creates real objects from a computer design by adding material one thin layer at a time. 5. Mike introduced a system that follows your spoken commands. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 二、读写综合 （1） 阅读短文，掌握大意，并回答以下问题。（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） The Steam Engine Before the steam engine, people used animals, wind, and water to do heavy work. They also burned wood or coal to get heat, but they could not use that heat to drive machines. Travel and trade were slow. In 1712, Thomas Newcomen built the first steam engine. It was used to pump water out of coal mines. This helped miners work at greater depths. However, Newcomen’s engine was not very powerful. Later, James Watt improved the design. He added wheels and cogs（齿轮）, which allowed his engine to power trains, ships, and factory machines. This played a huge role in the Industrial Revolution. Factories could produce goods faster and in larger quantities（数量）. Today, we use different kinds of engines, but the steam engine was a turning point. It showed that people could use power to make work easier. Without it, the modern world might not exist. 1. What did people use for heavy work before the steam engine? 2. Why was Newcomen’s steam engine invented? 3. What did James Watt add to the steam engine? 4. How did the steam engine change factories? 5. Do you think the steam engine is still important today? Why or why not? （2） 阅读短文，掌握大意，并回答以下问题。（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） The Telephone Before the telephone, people wrote letters or sent telegraph messages. Letters took days or weeks to arrive. Telegraph messages were faster, but they were very short and required a special code to send. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. He was working on a way to send voices over wires. When he spoke into his machine, his assistant heard him in another room. The first telephone call was a success. The telephone changed communication. People could talk to each other instantly（立即）, even when they were far apart. Later, mobile phones made calls possible anywhere. Today, we can also send messages, take photos, and make video calls. The telephone has become a part of daily life. It connects people across the world. It is hard to imagine modern life without it. 1. How did people communicate before the telephone? 2. Who invented the telephone? 3. What happened during the first telephone call? 4. How have telephones changed since Bell’s time? 5. What would you miss most if you had no telephone for a week? （3） 阅读短文，掌握大意，并回答以下问题。（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） The Computer In the 1940s, the first electronic computers were built. They were very large and expensive. Only governments and big companies could use them. They filled whole rooms and were hard to operate. Later, computers became smaller and cheaper. In the 1970s and 1980s, personal computers appeared in homes and offices. Today, we have laptops, tablets, and smartphones. These are all powerful computers. Computers help us in many ways. We use them to write, study, shop, and communicate. The internet connects computers around the world. We can find information, watch videos, and play games. Computers also help doctors, scientists, and teachers do their work better. The computer is one of the greatest inventions in history. It has changed the way we live, work, and learn. It is hard to imagine life without computers. 1. What were the first electronic computers like? 2. Who could use computers in the 1940s? 3. What kinds of computers do we have today? 4. What can people do with computers and the internet? 5. What do you think will be the next great invention after the computer? 三、语法填空 （1） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） Paper is one of China’s greatest inventions. Before paper, people wrote on bamboo or silk. Bamboo was heavy, and silk was expensive. In contrast（相比之下）, paper was not as (1) (expensively) as silk. Cai Lun improved paper-making about 2,000 years ago. He used tree bark, old cloth, and fishing nets. These materials (2) (put) into water and beaten into pulp（纸浆）. Then the pulp was spread on a screen and dried in the sun. Finally, paper was made. Today, people (3) (uses) paper all over the world. We use it for writing, printing, and wrapping gifts. Paper is (4) important part of our daily life. We should be grateful to Cai Lun for (5) (he) great invention. （2） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） The compass is a great Chinese invention. Long ago, sailors（水手）used the stars to find their way. However, on cloudy days, they could not see the stars. The compass helped them find their way. The first compass was made of lodestone（磁石）and pointed south. Later, people made a magnetic needle（磁针） and placed it on a floating leaf. One end of the needle pointed north, and (1) (other) pointed south. This made travel much (2) (safe). Today, the compass is still useful and is used in ships, planes, and mobile phones. We can use it (3) (find) our way in an unfamiliar city. It is one of the most important (4) (invention) in history. (5) the compass, people in the past could not have explored the world so easily. （3） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） Gunpowder is one of the four great inventions of ancient China. Chinese people invented it (1) (thousand) of years ago. At first, people used it to make fireworks. Later, it was used in guns and cannons. Gunpowder is made from saltpeter（硝石）, charcoal, and sulfur（硫磺）. People must (2) (mixture) these materials carefully. The mixture burns very quickly. It produces a lot of smoke and noise. Today, gunpowder is still used in fireworks. It is one of (3) (danger) materials in the world. Therefore, we must use it (4) (careful). It has had a great influence (5) Chinese history. 参考答案 一、项目情境 （1）1. F 2. E 3. D 4. A 5. C 1. 解析：题干关键词round object（圆形物体）、carry large loads（搬运重物）、part of many devices（众多设备的部件），与 F 项 “古代轮子方便搬运重物，后来成为风车、钟表等设备的基础部件” 完全对应。 2. 解析：题干关键词printing many copies of a book（印刷大量书籍）、help more people gain knowledge（帮助更多人获取知识），与 E 项 “印刷方法让书籍大量生产，知识传播给更多人” 完全对应。 3. 解析：题干关键词engine burned fuel（燃烧燃料的引擎）、moved early trains and boats（驱动早期火车和船只），与 D 项 “蒸汽机燃烧燃料产动力，用于早期火车、轮船和工厂” 完全对应。 4. 解析：题干关键词glass bulb（玻璃灯泡）、lights up when electricity passes through（通电发光），与 A 项描述的电灯泡完全对应。 5. 解析：题干关键词transmits voices over long distances（长距离传递声音）、changed how people talk（改变交谈方式），与 C 项描述的电话完全对应。 （2）1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. E 1. 解析：题干关键词shoes with tiny lamps on the front（前部带小灯的鞋子）、see the path（看清道路）、be noticed after dark（夜间被看见），与 B 项描述的带灯鞋子完全对应。 2. 解析：题干关键词cool his hot food（冷却热食物），与 C 项 “快速冷却热面条的小工具，像小风扇一样” 完全对应。 3. 解析：题干关键词rain cover that wraps around her whole body（包裹全身的雨罩）、keeps her dry（保持干燥），与 A 项描述的全身式雨具完全对应。 4. 解析：题干关键词special glasses（特殊眼镜）、see what is behind him without turning around（不用转身看身后），与 D 项描述的后视眼镜完全对应。 5. 解析：题干关键词remove loose fur from her pet（去除宠物浮毛）、while it sleeps（宠物睡觉时），与 E 项描述的宠物梳毛器完全对应。 （3）1. D 2. F 3. C 4. A 5. E 1. 解析：题干关键词vehicle that can both drive and fly（既能行驶又能飞行的交通工具）、clean energy（清洁能源），与 D 项 “可陆行可飞行、使用太阳能、无有害气体排放的载具” 完全对应。 2. 解析：题干关键词helmet that can be folded（可折叠的头盔）、carried easily（方便携带），与 F 项 “可折叠放进包里、坚固塑料材质、夜间发光的头部防护装置” 完全对应。 3. 解析：题干关键词washing machine powered by pedaling a bike（靠踩自行车驱动的洗衣机），与 C 项 “人力骑行驱动，踏板转动时清洗衣物” 完全对应。 4. 解析：题干关键词creates real objects from a computer design（从电脑设计生成实物）、adding material one thin layer at a time（逐层添加材料），与 A 项描述的 3D 打印技术完全对应。 5. 解析：题干关键词follows your spoken commands（听从口头指令），与 E 项 “语音触发任务、无需按钮操作的系统” 完全对应。 二、读写综合 （1） 1. They used animals, wind, and water. 2. It was invented to pump water out of coal mines. 3. He added wheels and cogs. 4. Factories could produce goods faster and in larger quantities. 5. Yes. It was a key turning point in history and showed people how to use power to make work easier. （2） 1. They wrote letters or sent telegraph messages. 2. Alexander Graham Bell invented it. 3. Bell spoke into his machine, and his assistant heard him in another room. 4. Telephones have become mobile, and now they can also send messages, take photos, and make video calls. 5. I would miss calling and messaging my family and friends most. （3） 1. They were very large, expensive, and hard to operate. 2. Only governments and big companies could use them. 3. We have laptops, tablets, and smartphones. 4. People can write, study, shop, communicate, find information, watch videos, and play games. 5. I think the next great invention might be a robot that can think. 三、语法填空 （1）1. expensive 2. were put 3. use 4. an 5. his 1. 解析：as + 形容词/副词原级 + as 表示 “和......一样”，此处作表语，需用形容词，故将副词expensively变为expensive。 2. 解析：materials（材料）是 “被放入水中”，动作发生在过去，主语为复数，故填were put。 3. 解析：主语people是复数，谓语动词用原形，故填use。 4. 解析：important以元音音素开头，part是可数名词单数，表泛指 “一个重要部分”，故填an。 5. 解析：后面有名词invention，需用形容词性物主代词修饰，故填his。 （2）1. the other 2. safer 3. to find 4. inventions 5. Without 1. 解析：one...the other... 表示 “（两者中的）一个......另一个......”，磁针有两端，故填the other。 2. 解析：much 后接形容词比较级，表示 “......得多”，safe的比较级是safer。 3. 解析：use sth. to do sth. 是固定结构，意为 “用某物做某事”，不定式作目的状语，故填to find。 4. 解析：one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数 表示 “最......的......之一”，故填inventions。 5. 解析：句意为 “没有指南针，古代的人们不可能如此轻易地探索世界”，without 表示 “没有”，句首首字母大写。 （3）1. thousands 2. mix 3. the most dangerous 4. carefully 5. on 1. 解析：“thousands of years ago” 是固定搭配，表示“数千年前”。thousand 前没有具体数字时，要用复数形式，并接 of。 2. 解析：情态动词 must 后面接动词原形，所以用 mix。 3. 解析：“one of + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词” 表示“最......的......之一”。danger 是名词，要变成形容词 dangerous，并用最高级 the most dangerous。 4. 解析：这里修饰动词 use，应该用副词。careful 是形容词，其副词形式是 carefully。 5. 解析：“have a great influence on...” 是固定搭配，表示“对......有很大影响”。所以填 on。 1 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $