Unit 2 Amazing numbers 笔试新题型A篇专项训练2026-2027学年沪教版英语八年级上册

沪教版八年级上册Unit 2 Amazing numbers 笔试新题型A篇 沪教版八年级上册Unit 2 Amazing numbers 笔试新题型A篇（含答案） 学校：__________班级：__________姓名：_________ 考号：___________ 一、项目情境 （1） 阅读以下关于日常运用数字的宣传材料，请根据同学们的行动匹配对应的宣传内容，并将宣传内容所对应的A、B、C、D、E选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。（共5小题；每题2分） A. Health monitoring relies heavily on numerical data. Tracking indicators（指标）such as blood pressure, sleep duration（持续时间）, and calorie intake（摄入量）helps you make informed decisions about your lifestyle. B. Time management is a key skill for students. Knowing how to divide your day into blocks for study, rest, and hobbies can boost your efficiency and reduce stress. C. Budgeting wisely requires careful numerical calculations. Comparing the cost per unit of different products helps you find the best deal and avoid wasting money on unnecessary items. D. Travel planning involves many numbers. Checking departure（出发）schedules, distance calculations, and ticket prices ensures you can arrange your journey smoothly without unexpected delays（延误）. E. Academic performance（学业成绩） can be analyzed through statistics. Calculating your average score in each subject and comparing your ranking with last month’s helps you identify strengths and weaknesses. F. Weather forecasting depends on numerical models. Temperature, humidity and wind speed are all measured numerically to predict whether it will rain or shine, helping people dress appropriately（适当地）. 1. Alice always checks the price tags and package sizes when she buys snacks. She calculates which brand gives more grams for the same price to save money. 2. Ben is a running enthusiast（爱好者）. He uses a smartwatch to measure his heart rate and count his steps every morning, and he writes these figures down to see if his fitness is improving. 3. Cathy is planning a weekend trip with her friends. She looks at the departure times of different buses and calculates how long each ride takes to choose the most convenient route. 4. David is the class monitor. He calculates his average score in each subject and compares his ranking with last month’s to see which subjects need more effort. 5. Emily has a busy school life. She divides her after-school hours into slots（时间段）for homework, piano practice, and reading, using a timer to stick to her schedule. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. （2） 阅读以下关于数字历史的宣传材料，请根据同学们的行动匹配对应的宣传内容，并将宣传内容所对应的A、B、C、D、E选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。（共5小题；每题2分） A. Roman numerals are still seen occasionally（偶尔）, but they are not used for maths because they lack a symbol for zero and are clumsy（笨拙的）for large numbers. They remain mainly for decorative or ceremonial（仪式的） purposes. B. Fraction notation（分数记法）in ancient Egypt was quite special. They used unit fractions to represent parts of a whole, and they had unique symbols for each of these fractions, which were used in trade and construction. C. The sexagesimal system originated in Mesopotamia. This system influenced how we measure time and angles, and its traces can still be found in our modern units of measurement. D. Counting rods were a common tool in ancient China. Made of bamboo or wood, they were placed on a board to represent numbers according to their position, allowing for complex arithmetic（复杂的算术）like multiplication（乘法）and division. E. The spread of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system was a turning point in mathematics. Its simplicity（简单）and efficiency made it widely accepted, and it eventually became the global standard for all types of calculations. F. Knotted cords were used by ancient cultures to record quantities（数量）. Each knot stood for a specific（特定的）number, and the position of the knot could indicate different values, much like our place-value system（位值系统）today. 1. Frank visits an exhibition on ancient ruins and sees a set of colourful strings with knots of different sizes. The guide explains that the Incas used these to keep accounts of their harvests. 2. Grace is reading a book on the history of maths and learns that the Babylonians used a base-60 system. She finds out that this is why we have 60 minutes in an hour and 360 degrees in a circle. 3. Henry is curious about why we write numbers the way we do. He discovers that the digits we use today were developed in India and later brought to Europe by traders, gradually replacing Roman numerals. 4. Ivy is learning about different ancient counting methods. She reads that the Egyptians used special signs for 1/2 and 1/4 to measure grain and land, which was very practical for their daily life. 5. Jack finds a set of old bamboo strips in his grandfather’s collection. His grandfather tells him these were used in ancient China to perform calculations by moving them on a counting board. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. （3） 阅读以下关于自然中数字规律的宣传材料，请根据同学们的行动匹配对应的宣传内容，并将宣传内容所对应的A、B、C、D、E选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。（共5小题；每题2分） A. Petal counts in flowers often follow a certain number sequence. Many common blooms, such as lilies and buttercups（毛茛）, have numbers like 3, 5 and 8, which are part of a well-known pattern found throughout nature. B. Spiral arrangements（排列）in pine cones（松果） and sunflowers show a clear pattern. The numbers of spirals in the two directions are usually consecutive（连续的）numbers from a famous integer sequence（整数序列）, an arrangement that helps plants pack seeds efficiently. C. Hexagonal shapes are common in nature, especially in honeycombs. This six-sided figure uses the least material to cover a surface, and its angles always sum to 720 degrees, a fixed geometric property（几何特性）. D. Reproduction rates（繁殖率）in animals can generate interesting number series. For example, if a pair of rabbits produces a new pair each month, the total number of pairs over time forms a sequence where each term is the sum of the previous two. E. Symmetrical（对称的）patterns like those in snowflakes exhibit rotational symmetry（旋转对称）. Each snowflake has six arms, and the angles between them are always 60 degrees, showing a repeating numerical relationship in frozen water. F. Leaf arrangements on a stem（茎）often follow a spiral pattern. The angle between successive（连续的）leaves is usually a fraction of a full turn, and the numbers involved are often from the same sequence as those found in petals and pine cones. 1. Karen is a gardening lover. She plants some daisies（雏菊） and notices that each flower has 34 or 55 petals. She looks this up and finds these numbers are neighbouring terms（相邻项）in a famous mathematical sequence. 2. Leo observes a beehive（蜂箱）and is amazed that every cell is a perfect hexagon. He measures the angles and finds they are all exactly 120 degrees, which makes the structure strong and saves wax. 3. Mia examines a pine cone and counts 8 spirals in one direction and 13 in the other. She learns that these are consecutive Fibonacci numbers, which help the seeds pack efficiently. 4. Nick takes photos of snowflakes with a magnifying glass（放大镜）. He counts six branches on every one and finds that the angles between them are always equal, demonstrating a perfect symmetry based on the number 6. 5. Olivia is doing a maths project on rabbit breeding. She starts with one pair and calculates the population month by month, getting 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8... She realizes each new number is the total of the two before it. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 二、读写综合 （1） 阅读短文，掌握大意，并回答以下问题。（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） In the world of sports, numbers are everywhere. They tell us who is ahead, how fast a player runs, and even which team has the best chance of winning a championship. Coaches and players rely heavily on statistics to make decisions. For example, basketball teams keep track of shooting percentages, rebounds（篮板球）, and assists（助攻）. These figures help them understand their own strengths and weaknesses, as well as those of their opponents（对手）. Records are another important part of sports. Every time an athlete breaks a world record, we see a new number written into history. Runners measure their times in seconds and milliseconds（毫秒）. Swimmers compete for hundredths of a second. These tiny differences can decide who gets the gold medal. Without accurate timing and counting, we could not compare performances fairly. Numbers also help fans enjoy the game. They look at scoreboards, player rankings, and team standings. They use numbers to predict outcomes（结果）and discuss games with friends. In short, sports without numbers would be like a game without rules. It would be confusing and less exciting. Numbers give structure to competition and make it possible to celebrate achievements clearly. 1. How do coaches and players use statistics in sports? 2. Why are accurate time measurements important in races? 3. What do fans use numbers for when watching sports? 4. According to the passage, what would sports be like without numbers? 5. Name one sport you like and explain how numbers are important in it. （2） 阅读短文，掌握大意，并回答以下问题。（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） Numbers in Music and Art Numbers are not only for maths and science. They also play a key role in music and art. In music, rhythm is based on counting beats. A piece of music written in 4/4 time means there are four beats in each bar, and a quarter note（四分音符）gets one beat. Musicians must count accurately to play together in harmony. Different note values, such as whole notes, half notes, and eighth notes, are also expressed as fractions of a beat（拍子的分数）. Pitch（音高）is another area where numbers matter. Sound frequencies（频率）are measured in hertz (Hz). For example, the note A above middle C has a frequency of 440 Hz. By adjusting frequencies, musicians create different scales（音阶）and harmonies. In art, the golden ratio（比例）is a number that appears in many famous paintings and buildings. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci used this ratio to create balanced and pleasing compositions（构图）. Even in modern digital art, everything is based on numbers. Pixels（像素）are tiny squares with numerical colour values（数值颜色值）. When we zoom in on a digital image, we see that the picture is composed of（由......组成）pixels defined by numerical values. Thus, numbers are the hidden language behind both the beauty of a symphony（交响乐）and the brilliance of a masterpiece（杰作）. 1. How do musicians use counting in music? 2. What does the frequency 440 Hz represent? 3. How did artists like Leonardo da Vinci use the golden ratio? 4. What role do numbers play in digital art? 5. Can you think of a piece of music or a painting where numbers might be important? （3） 阅读短文，掌握大意，并回答以下问题。（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） Numbers in Scientific Discoveries Throughout history, numbers have been essential for scientific discoveries. Scientists use measurements and calculations to understand the natural world. For example, the speed of light is approximately（大约）299,792,458 metres per second. This number allows physicists to study the universe and develop theories about time and space. Without such precise（精确的）figures, modern astronomy would be impossible. Another classic example is the calculation of Earth’s circumference（周长）. The ancient Greek scholar Eratosthenes used simple geometry and angles to estimate（估计）it. He measured the shadow of a stick in two different cities and used the difference in angles to compute the distance around our planet. His result was surprisingly close to the modern value of about 40,000 kilometres. Numbers also help us monitor our environment. Weather forecasters collect data on temperature, air pressure, and humidity. These numerical values are fed into computer models to predict storms and climate changes. In medicine, doctors rely on blood pressure readings, heart rates, and dosages（剂量）of medicine. All these numbers guide decisions that save lives. Clearly, numbers are the foundation of scientific progress and human safety. 1. Why is the exact speed of light important for physicists? 2. How did Eratosthenes calculate Earth’s circumference? 3. What kinds of numerical data do weather forecasters use? 4. How do doctors use numbers in their work? 5. Give another example of a scientific discovery that depends on accurate numbers. 三、语法填空 （1） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） Numbers in Sports Records Sports records are all about numbers. Every runner wants to achieve a faster time. Every jumper wants to reach a greater height. These numbers show how much athletes (1) (improve) over the years. The 100-metre world record keeps changing. In 1968, the record was 9.95 seconds. Today, it is much (2) (fast) than that. Many people believe that humans will eventually run 100 metres in under 9 seconds. You may train hard every day. You may not break a world record, but you can still beat your own personal best. Keeping a personal record book is a great habit. Write down your running time, your jumping distance, or your swimming speed every week. When you look back after three months, you will see clear progress. This can be a source of pride and encourage you to keep (3) (go). Remember, the most important number is not the world record, (4) your personal best. Setting small goals each week helps you improve step by step. (5) (you) efforts will always pay off in the end. （2） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） Weather forecasts depend heavily on numbers. Temperature, humidity, wind speed, and air pressure are all measured in specific units. Without these figures, we could not predict whether it would rain or shine tomorrow. Meteorologists（气象学家）collect data from satellites and weather stations around the world. They feed these numbers into powerful computers to produce forecast models. (1) the models are more accurate today than they were fifty years ago, they are still not perfect. This is because the weather system is (2) (extreme) complex and changes constantly（不断地）. When you watch a weather report on TV, you see numbers on the map. These numbers tell you the expected high and low temperatures for the day. If you plan to go hiking or have a picnic, always check the forecast first. (3) (Know) the exact temperature helps you choose the most (4) (suitably) clothes to wear. Such (5) (figure) help you plan your day better and avoid unexpected trouble. （3） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） Numbers in Photography (1) you ever taken a photo with your phone? If you have, you have used numbers without realizing it. Every digital image is made up of millions of tiny coloured dots called pixels. Each pixel has a numerical value that tells the screen exactly what colour to show. Modern phone cameras also use numbers to help you take better pictures. They measure the amount of light entering the lens and adjust the settings automatically. A higher number of megapixels usually means clearer photos, but it is not the only factor that matters. The lighting and the focus are equally important. Some photographers prefer to adjust the settings (2) (they) instead of using the automatic mode. They change the shutter speed（快门速度）, the ISO, and the aperture（光圈） to get the effect they want. These settings are all expressed in numbers. If you learn to control these numbers, you (3) (have) more creative freedom. A well-taken photo brings you a strong sense of (4) (achieve). So next time you take a picture, remember that numbers are working behind (5) scenes to help you capture that perfect moment. 参考答案 一、项目情境 （1）1. C 2. A 3. D 4. E 5. B 1. 解析：Alice 比较不同品牌同价位的克数，核心是 “比价 / 算单价省钱”，对应 C 选项 Budgeting wisely（明智预算）中的 “comparing the cost per unit...find the best deal”。 2. 解析：Ben 用智能手表测心率、计步，属于健康数据追踪，对应 A 选项 Health monitoring（健康监测）中的 “blood pressure...calorie intake” 等同属健康指标的数值监测。 3. 解析：Cathy 查公交发车时间、计算行程时长来选路线，核心是 “出行安排”，对应 D 选项 Travel planning（旅行计划）中的 “departure schedules, distance calculations”。 4. 解析：David 算各科平均分并比较排名，关键词完全对应 E 选项 Academic performance（学业表现）中的 “average score in each subject and comparing your ranking”，几乎是原句重现。 5. 解析：Emily 把课后时间分成作业、钢琴、阅读时段并用计时器，核心是 “时间分块管理”，对应 B 选项 Time management（时间管理）中的 “divide your day into blocks for study, rest, and hobbies”。 （2）1. F 2. C 3. E 4. B 5. D 1. 解析：Frank 看到印加人用带结的绳子记录收成，“knots / 结绳” 是核心线索，对应 F 选项 Knotted cords（结绳记事）中的 “Each knot stood for a specific number”。 2. 解析：Grace 了解巴比伦人的 60 进制，以及 60 分钟 / 360 度的由来，对应 C 选项 Sexagesimal system（六十进制）中的 “base-60...influenced how we measure time and angles”。 3. 解析：Henry 发现现代数字 0–9 起源于印度、经商人传入欧洲并取代罗马数字，对应 E 选项 Hindu-Arabic numeral system（印度 - 阿拉伯数字系统）中的 “spread...became the global standard”。 4. 解析：Ivy 了解古埃及人用特殊符号表示 1/2、1/4 来测量谷物和土地，对应 B 选项 Fraction notation in ancient Egypt（古埃及分数）中的 “unit fractions...used in trade and construction”。 5. 解析：Jack 发现中国古代竹条在算板上移动进行计算，“bamboo /counting board” 是关键线索，对应 D 选项 Counting rods（算筹）中的 “Made of bamboo or wood...placed on a board”。 （3）1. A 2. C 3. B 4. E 5. D 1. 解析：Karen 注意到雏菊花瓣数为 34 或 55，是著名数列的相邻项，核心是 “花瓣数量遵循数列”，对应 A 选项 Petal counts（花瓣数量）中的 “Petal counts...follow a certain number sequence...3, 5 and 8”。 2. 解析：Leo 观察蜂巢的六边形结构，角度均为 120 度，“hexagon / 六边形” 是核心线索，对应 C 选项 Hexagonal shapes（六边形）中的 “honeycombs...six-sided figure”。 3. 解析：Mia 数出松果两个方向的螺旋数为 8 和 13，是连续的斐波那契数，对应 B 选项 Spiral arrangements（螺旋排列）中的 “pine cones...numbers of spirals...consecutive numbers from a famous integer sequence”。 4. 解析：Nick 观察雪花的六个分支、角度相等，核心是 “雪花对称 + 数字 6”，对应 E 选项 Symmetrical patterns（对称图案）中的 “snowflakes...six arms...60 degrees”。 5. 解析：Olivia 研究兔子繁殖数列 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8…，每一项等于前两项之和，对应 D 选项 Reproduction rates（繁殖率）中的 “a pair of rabbits...each term is the sum of the previous two”。 二、读写综合 （1） 1. They use statistics to make decisions and understand their own and their opponents’ strengths and weaknesses. 2. Because tiny differences in time can decide who gets the gold medal. Without accurate timing, we could not compare performances fairly. 3. They use numbers to look at scoreboards, player rankings and team standings, to predict outcomes, and to discuss games with friends. 4. Sports would be confusing and less exciting without numbers. 5. I like football. Numbers show the score, the time remaining, and player statistics like goals and assists. Without them, we wouldn’t know who is winning. （2） 1. They count beats to keep the rhythm and play together in harmony. 2. It represents the frequency of the note A above middle C. 3. They used it to create balanced and pleasing compositions. 4. In digital art, everything is based on numbers. Pixels are tiny squares with numerical colour values, and the whole picture is composed of pixels defined by these numerical values. 5. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony uses a strong 4/4 rhythm, and the famous opening motif repeats a specific number of notes. Numbers give structure to music. （3） 1. Because it allows physicists to study the universe and develop theories about time and space. 2. He measured the shadow of a stick in two different cities, used the angle difference, and applied simple geometry to calculate Earth’s circumference. 3. Temperature, air pressure, and humidity. 4. They check blood pressure, heart rate, and medicine dosages to guide treatment. 5. The discovery of DNA structure depended on X-ray diffraction data, which gave numerical measurements of molecular distances. Accurate numbers were crucial to building the correct model. 三、语法填空 （1）1. have improved 2. faster 3. going 4. but 5. Your 1. 解析：时间标志 “over the years”（多年来）表示从过去持续到现在的动作或变化，主语 athletes 为复数，故填 have improved。 2. 解析：句中有比较标志词 “than”，且 “much” 修饰比较级表示程度，故填 faster。 3. 解析：固定搭配 keep doing sth. 表示 “继续 / 持续做某事”，故填 going。 4. 解析：固定结构 not...but... 表示 “不是……而是……”，句意：最重要的数字不是世界纪录，而是你的个人最佳成绩。故填 but。 5. 解析：修饰名词 efforts 需用形容词性物主代词，句首大写，故填 Your。 （2）1. Although / Though 2. extremely 3. Knowing 4. suitable 5. figures 1. 解析：前后句为转折关系，“虽然如今的模型比五十年前更准确，但仍不完美”，句首大写，故填 Although / Though。 2. 解析：修饰形容词 complex 需用副词形式，故填 extremely。 3. 解析：“了解确切温度”在句中作主语，需用动名词形式，句首大写，故填 Knowing。 4. 解析： “the most + 形容词原级” 构成最高级，修饰名词 clothes，需将副词 suitably 改为形容词形式，故填 suitable。 5. 解析：谓语动词 help 为复数形式，主语 figure 需用复数，且 such 后常接复数名词，故填 figures。 （3）1. Have 2. themselves 3. will have 4. achievement 5. the 1. 解析：句中有 “ever” 且动词为过去分词 taken，构成现在完成时的一般疑问句，主语为 you，句首大写，故填 Have。 2. 解析：句意：“一些摄影师更喜欢自己调整设置，而不是使用自动模式”，表示 “他们自己”，故填 themselves。 3. 解析：条件状语从句遵循 “主将从现” 规则：if 从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，故填 will have。 4. 解析：固定搭配 a sense of + 名词 表示 “一种……感”，需将动词 achieve 改为名词形式，故填 achievement。 5. 解析：固定短语 behind the scenes 表示 “在幕后；秘密地”，需用定冠词 the，故填 the。 1 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $