专题09 句子表达提升专项（知识清单）（全国通用）2027年春季高考英语

句子表达提升专项清单（全国通用）2027年春季高考英语 说明 1.命题考向：依据近年高考英语真题分析； 2.内容架构：每模块分【命题考向】+【核心基础知识】+【必背二级结论】+【高频易错警示】四板块，适配一轮背诵、考前速记； 3.适用范围：依据《普通高中英语课程标准》写作要求，覆盖全国卷及各自主命题地区。 一、增加细节——让句子表达丰富多彩 【命题考向】★必考（书面表达扩写能力） 书面表达评分中“内容要点齐全、表达丰富”是关键维度。高考命题倾向于考查考生“把简单句写具体”的能力，即通过定语、状语、细节列举等手法让句子由单薄变丰满。掌握前十二招，可在有限词汇下实现表达升级。 （一）核心基础知识 妙招1：增加定语从句 ①Knowing that our school newspaper is collecting English slogans for the Science & Technology Festival to be held in December, I'm writing to recommend mine, which I believe can fully reveal the theme.（补充详细而具体的内容）②Anyone who is interested in it can sign up in Room 304 before Feb. 25. So don't miss the deadline!（让简单句变高级句型）③Besides, the stories of world-famous people are also attractive to me, which help me learn a lot from them.（使表达更丰富）④You'd better make full preparations before class and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty, which helps you learn more about traditional Chinese culture.（使表达更圆满） 妙招2：增加介词短语作定语 ①I just put them in the basin full of water.（让表达更具体，尽显高中英语语言功底）②She is a girl with a pair of black eyes and lovely dimples on her round face. 妙招3：增加具体的形容词作定语 Mr. Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher.（把 Mr. Wang is a good teacher. 中的 good 具体化为三个形容词，让表达更具体） 妙招4：综合使用定语 ①Mr. Wang is a good teacher. → Mr. Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher who knows how to enlighten us students.②I rode to the park yesterday. → I, together with Tom and Jerry, rode to Zhongshan Park yesterday, feeling rather delighted. 妙招5：增加动词-ing形式作状语 ①What's more, every one of you will be welcome to participate in it, enjoying movie, having a heated discussion afterwards and giving your own comments.②Knowing you're interested in our coming graduation activity, I would like to share the details with you. 妙招6：增加with复合结构作状语 With the Chinese Culture Communicating Event approaching, I do hope you can have a better knowledge of Chinese tea.（表达希望，同时交代背景） 妙招7：增加目的状语 ①In order to enrich the life of teachers and students as well as welcome the coming of Spring Festival, our school held a concert in the performance center today.②Whoever wants to have a try, please sign up quickly so that you don't miss the chance of being the winner. 妙招8：增加结果状语 ①We can spend weekends in the local nursing community, offering help like doing some cleaning, or chatting with them so that they won't feel lonely.②A series of lectures related to environmental protection will be arranged, thus arousing people's awareness of living a low-carbon life. 妙招9：增加原因状语 I have dreamed of being a teacher since I was a child, because I think teaching is a sacred profession. 妙招10：增加方式状语 by doing ... However, many of us ignore the importance of good living habits by eating junk food and staying up late. 妙招11：通过列举具体实例补充说明 ①such as / like：Second, it is a good idea to bring a small gift, such as a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolate if they have young children.；②for example / instance：Nowadays, some of us have formed some bad habits on campus. For instance, some students leave the lights on in the daytime; some leave much food on the table after eating.；③as well as：The activity will surely help us reflect on the three years' senior high school life as well as look forward to a better journey in the future. 妙招12：增加个人感受、评价、希望等 ①增加个人感受：Although I was very tired this summer holiday, I felt very happy for what I did because I got a knowledge of farming experience.；②增加评价：I think such activities are necessary and meaningful, from which I learn that we should help people who are in trouble if possible.；③增加希望：I hold the firm belief that it was the most unforgettable lunch in my life, because it made me enjoy the pleasure of labor.；④增加倡议：What I learnt from this experience is that it is our duty to love and protect our community. So the Chairman of our school suggests our school hold a series of activities to call on students to take action to do it. （二）必背二级结论 1. 扩写的“四层”顺序 ①先加定语（从句、介词短语、形容词）补充“是什么”；②再加状语（分词、with 结构、目的、结果、原因、方式）补充“怎么样”；③然后加细节（such as、for example）补充“具体表现”；④最后加感受与评价，补充“意义”。按此顺序扩写，逻辑最清晰。 2. 定语三件套的高频搭配 who/which 引导定语从句补充人物或事物特征；with 短语补充外貌与特征；形容词并列补充品性，如 a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher。三者可叠加使用，形成长句。 3. 状语五件套的功能 现在分词作伴随或原因状语；with 复合结构作背景或伴随；in order to / so that 表目的；thus doing 表结果；by doing 表方式。五者交替使用可避免句式重复。 4. 感受句的三类高频句式 ①I feel/am delighted that...；②I hold the firm belief that...；③What I learnt from this experience is that...。这三句可直接用于记叙文与应用文的结尾。 5. 扩写不等于啰嗦 扩写须服务于内容，不可无意义堆砌。判断标准是：删去该成分后句意是否受损。若无损，则该成分为有效扩写；若语义重复则为赘余。 （三）高频易错警示 1. 现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语须与主句主语一致，否则须用独立主格结构。 2. with 复合结构中，宾语与补足语为主动关系用 doing，被动关系用 done，将来动作用 to do。 3. thus doing 与 so that 引导的从句不可混用结构，thus 后接动名词。 4. such as 后列举部分事例，不与 and so on 并用；for example 后可接完整句子。 5. 定语从句中 which 不可指代整个主句的情况有限，指代整句时只能用 which 且须置于主句之后。 6. 扩写后须检查句子成分是否完整，尤其避免出现双谓语。 二、运用高级词汇与句式——让表达有深度 【命题考向】★必考（高分作文关键） 高级词汇与高级句式是书面表达区分度的核心来源。高考命题通过“语言表达”维度考查考生能否使用具体化词汇、高级词汇、短语及复合句式，本模块集中呈现后十三招。 （一）核心基础知识 妙招13：使用具体化单词，让表达更生动形象 所谓词义具体化原则，是指写作中尽量避免使用意义宽泛、笼统的表达，而要根据语境使用具体生动的词。如 So good do they look that I think you could be interested in them.→ So attractive and alive do they look that I think you could be interested in them. 妙招14：高级词汇优先 为了表现语言功底并吸引阅卷老师注意，尽量用高中学过的高级词汇代替低年级词汇。如 Eventually, I want to know which aspects of traditional Chinese culture arouse your curiosity most. → Eventually, I am strongly eager to know which aspects of traditional Chinese culture arouse your curiosity most.（2021·全国甲作文） 妙招15：短语优先原则 ①形容词变短语：of + 同根名词，如 Furthermore, guzheng is very significant to Chinese folk music... → Furthermore, guzheng is of great significance to Chinese folk music...；②动词变短语：know/realize→be aware of；help sb→give sb a hand / do sb a favour；use→make (good/full) use of / take advantage of；understand→figure out / make sense of。如 If anyone helps you... → If anyone gives you a hand... 妙招16：运用介词短语 In the Spring Festival of 2024, many people chose to spend the Spring Festival in cities where they worked instead of returning to their hometowns to reduce the pressure of the traffic.（介词短语作状语）——在2024年的春节，许多人选择在他们工作的城市度过春节，而不是回到家乡，以减少交通压力。 妙招17：运用动词不定式短语 ①On arrival at the nursing home, my classmates and I visited the elderly in groups and gave presents to them to show our respect and love for them.（动词不定式短语作目的状语）②Such an activity can provide us students with a chance to take part in social activities and help those in need.（动词不定式短语作定语） 妙招18：运用分词短语 ①Youth covers a wide variety of topics to attract senior students, leading us into the outer world.（动词-ing 短语作状语）②On arriving at the farm located in the suburb of our city, the sea of vegetables came into our sight, which included cucumbers, tomatoes and so on.（过去分词短语作定语） 妙招19：并列关系常用句型或词语 both...and...（既……又……）；not only...but (also)...（不但……而且……）；neither...nor...（既不……也不……）；when...（这时……）；and；as well as。①It not only taught me how to care for people in need, but let me experience the pleasure of helping others.②I sincerely hope that Youth can make new progress and that more readers will share their own stories.③As far as I know, it is neither too hot nor too cold in winter in Shanghai. 妙招20：选择关系常用句型或词语 either...or...（或者……或者……）；not...but...（不是……而是……）；or；otherwise（否则）。①If you're interested in it, you may either send an email to 12345@sina.com or sign up in person.②In my opinion, the son refuses to communicate with his parents not because he has no time but because he is unwilling to. 妙招21：转折与因果关系常用词语 转折：but（但是）、however（然而）、while（然而）。①I knew my lines, but I was terrified to have to recite them in front of an audience.②My friend John takes a positive attitude towards life while his sister doesn't.；因果：for（因为）、so（因此）、therefore（因此）。I'm wondering whether you have recovered from your sickness. Therefore, I am writing to you to show my concern for your health. 妙招22：as 和 which 引导的非限制性定语从句 ①as 表“正如……”，常置于主句之前，常见句式：As we all know.../As is known to all...（众所周知）；As the famous saying goes...（正如名言所说）。As we all know, our friends lend us a helping hand when we need help and they help us get through difficult situations.；②which 可指代某个单词，也可代指整个主句，在从句中作主语或宾语。To introduce traditional Chinese culture, our school will hold a theme class meeting, which will be exhibited on the English website. 妙招23：what 和 that 引导的名词性从句 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。what 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；that 在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。①I sincerely hope that Youth can make new progress and that more readers will participate in the interaction and share their own stories.②What you told me about your country broadened my horizons and inspired my interest in foreign culture.（主语从句） 妙招24：强调句 强调句用于突出句子的某一部分，构成：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其他部分。From my perspective, whatever method we choose, it is our inner interest and enthusiasm that allow us to make brilliant progress in English.（强调句） 妙招25：倒装句 ①“only + 状语”置于句首时用部分倒装：In conclusion, only by being smart online learners can we truly enjoy the benefits of modern technology.②否定词或否定短语（none、neither、nor、not、never、hardly、little、seldom、not only...but also...、at no time、by no means 等）置于句首时用部分倒装：Through this activity, not only can we demonstrate our life skills, but also we can appreciate the life from a new angle.；During the walk, not only did we breathe the fresh air but also appreciated the fantastic surrounding views.③so/such...that... 结构中 so/such 位于句首时，其后句子用部分倒装：In the Forest Park, so attractive was the landscape that all our stress was relieved. （二）必背二级结论 1. 高级句式的“四类”分布 ①定语从句类：as、which 引导非限制性定语从句；②名词性从句类：what 与 that 引导主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句；③特殊句式类：强调句与倒装句；④非谓语与介词短语类：不定式、分词与介词短语作状语或定语。 2. 倒装句的三类触发条件 ①only + 状语置于句首；②否定词或否定短语置于句首；③so/such...that... 结构中 so/such 置于句首。三者均为部分倒装，即把助动词或情态动词提前。 3. 强调句与主语从句的区分 强调句去掉 It is/was 与 that/who 后句子仍完整（It is our interest that allows us... → Our interest allows us...）；若去掉后句子不完整，则为 It 作形式主语的主语从句。 4. 高级词汇与句式的最佳配比 一篇 100 词左右的作文中，建议使用 3 至 5 个高级词汇替换、2 至 3 个高级句式（定语从句、非谓语、倒装、强调各选其一），既可显功底，又不至于晦涩难懂。 5. 高频高分句式速记 Not only...but also...；As is known to all...；It is...that...；So...that...；What impresses me most is that...；Only in this way can we...。 （三）高频易错警示 1. not only 置于句首时前一分句用倒装，后一分句不倒装，即 Not only can we... but also we can... 2. only 修饰主语时不倒装，如 Only he knows the answer.；only + 状语时才倒装。 3. 强调句中强调主语且主语为人时可用 who，其余情况一律用 that。 4. as 引导非限制性定语从句时通常置于主句之前，which 引导时置于主句之后。 5. what 引导名词性从句时本身作成分，that 引导时本身不作成分，两者不可互换。 6. 分词作状语时须避免悬垂修饰，即分词的逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致。 1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $