练案18 UNIT4 Section Ⅱ Discovening Useful Structures-【成才之路·练案】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第一册同步新课程学习指导(人教版)

练案[18] UNIT 4 Section II I.单句语法填空 1.(2023·浙江1月高考)Ziyad got close to the hive was around 20 metres above the ground. 2.(2025·新高考I卷)“Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, always puts me in a cheerful mood,"Wright said. 3.I got in touch with Michael I have been losing contact with for one year. 4.（2024·新高考I卷)This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse,is at the centre of a new garden shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. 5.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends. 6.(2024·新高考I卷)But for me,what impressed me most was that I got a chance to get close to nature made me relaxed and happy. 7.(2025·新高考Ⅱ卷)And in the process,I've experienced things really surprise me at times. 8.The man with she entered the hall was her husband. 9.A1l we need is enough rest after long hours'work. 10.（2025·八省联考)At every stop,Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families had become his own. Ⅱ.完成句子 1.这是我读过的最有趣的故事。 This is the most interesting story 2.成功属于那些愿意努力工作的人。 Success belongs to those 3.这正是我要找的那本书 This is the very book Discovering Useful Structures 4.发生在1976年的唐山地震使全世界人民感到 震惊。 The earthquake in 1976 shocked the people all over the world. 5.汤姆是那些学生中唯一考试没有及格的人。 Tom is the only one of the students 6.她是唱歌唱得好的学生之一。 She is one of the students Ⅲ.阅读理解 The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake,in which tens of thousands of people died and hundreds of thousands injured,was the event that changed everything for China in this field.The 8.0- magnitude quake had presented the most difficult relief challenges to the country since 1949,leading to a complete review and improvement of the country's emergency response（响应)capabilities. Since then,preventing and controlling disasters has become a top concern for the Chinese government. For earthquakes,getting an early warning is extremely important.The Chengdu High-tech Disaster Reduction Center found that a three-second early warning can lower the number of the injured by 14%;a ten-second warning,by 39%;a 20- second warning,by 63%.So in the following years China has developed an automatic(自动的)early warning system which can send out warnings to millions of people in China within just two minutes after an earthquake. In 2018,the Chinese government also created the Ministry of Emergency Management,together with civil services,the Red Cross,and the National Fire and Rescue Administration to ensure a round-the-clock emergency response.There are now 27 specialized teams for mountain,water,and air rescues,as well as earthquake relief,and seven teams for helping with international rescue efforts. Whether it is earthquake,typhoon,flood or forest fire,China has an excellent record in post- 86 disaster recovery,as it is able to organize resources B.To help with the rescue and recovery work. from various(各种各样的)departments including C.To train local people in disaster prevention. power,water conservancy(水利)and supply, D.To handle forest fires more effectively. telecommunications and disease control.To reduce 3.What can we learn from Paragraph 4? the effects of follow-up disasters,these departments A.The effects of follow-up disasters have been would do their parts to repair damaged roads and reduced. railways,restore power,water supply, B.A lot of natural disasters have happened in the communication and other services to help people get world. back to normal life. C.Disaster relief needs efforts across various Disaster relief requires the whole society to departments. work together.And China sets an example of how to D.Different departments are responsible for prevent loss and save lives by putting the people building roads and railways. first. 4.What's the main idea of this text? 1.How does this text show the importance of early A.China has improved disaster response and warning systems? recovery. A.By using quotes. B.China has developed an early warning system B.By giving examples. for earthquakes. C.By listing numbers. C.China organized various departments for post- D.By making contrast. disaster recovery. 2.Why has the government set up the specialized D.China has created specialized departments to teams? respond to earthquakes. A.To carry out disaster relief internationally IV.七选五 When gardeners grow varieties of plants in their beautiful gardens,they are happy to see beneficial insects like bees and butterflies surrounding the flowers.But as they take a closer look,they may find some plants are covered in black dots and filled with harmful insects or pests.Some gardeners may immediately reach for chemicals.1 Although it may stop the insect problem,it will also threaten bees and butterflies which help the plants reproduce. If you are wise gardeners,you should first take preventive measures to control the harmful insects. 2 Only when there are too many harmful insects,should pest control be considered.The first defense should always be the safest method available. Prevention As a rule,prevention is the best treatment.Inspect plants closely,including their leaves,before buying them from the store.3 When planting,space plants out to permit them to grow to their full size.Plants too close together can breed harmful organisms,like bacteria. 4 They invite pests if permitted to remain on the ground.When you do see pests,wash them away.Use rubbing alcohol to remove some insects,or pick them off the plants. Pesticides If you decide a pesticide is necessary,choose it carefully and follow the directions and warnings on the product.Avoid using pesticides in extreme heat,on windy days,or when the plants are wet.5 At —187 the time,beneficial insects are inactive.You can consider removing flowers from the plants to lessen the risk that beneficial insects will come in contact with the pesticides. A.But this is not wise. B.In most cases,chemicals don't help. C.Treat the plants early in the morning or at night. D.Also do remember the plants need nutrition and care. E.Keep your garden free of fallen leaves,fruits and other wastes. F.Do not bring any plants home that show signs of disease or pests. G.The process starts with the idea that having some pests is acceptable. 1. 2 3. 5. V.完形填空 Peyton Thorby was only 8 years old,but this 1.A.frightened B.tired cheerleader proved to already be a star when she C.bored D.talented performed by herself.The 1 kid was a member of the 2.A.working out B.looking forward to K-Tech Krakens,and they were ready to compete in the C.keeping away from D.getting on with Showcase for Champions Cheerleading Competition in3.A.arrived B.returned Tampa,Florida.Peyton had been 2 this day for so C.behaved D.debated long,However,when she and her mom 3 as quickly 4.A.applied to B.looked for as possible,they 4 such surprising news.Her C.learnt about D.turned up coaches were there,but for some reason,she was the5.A.levels B.rules only member that showed up. C.models D.choices This left little Peyton with two 5.She could6.A.disappointed at B.anxious for quit or she could compete as a team of one.According to C.excited about D.content with her mom,Peyton was a little 6 this news as any 7.A.expressed B.collected child was.Once she 7 herself,though,she made C.selected D.respected the brave decision to perform 8 without a solo 8.A.above B.about routine(一套动作)planned. C.away D.alone "I was 9 a lot,and I felt 10 in my 9.A.shaking B.exercising stomach,"Peyton said.Although she felt nervous, C.chatting D.wondering Peyton 11 to put together a wonderful solo routine. 10.A.unfair B.uncomfortable 12,this cheerleader even earned herself first place. C.unlucky D.unnecessary Needless to say,she was very happy with her decision to 11.A.agreed B.refused take a 13. C.managed D.afforded "We were all proud of her,telling her how well she 12.A.Actually B.Obviously did,her mom said,"because we took pride in not only C.Safely D.Hurriedly 13.A.break B.look the fact that she determined to do it by herself,but also D.breath the fact that they awarded her the first place trophy( C.chance 杯).That was all a(n)l4.We had no idea.”Since 14.A.measure B.order C.promise getting this unbelievable 15,Peyton has entered the D.surprise 15.A.example B.achievement spotlight. C.power D.opinion 1887.D推理判断题。根据文章末段中Alvarado所说“We feel;of the people,指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用who/that sad,scared,but also ready for action”可推断，Alvarado的公司i 引导定语从句，故填who/hat。 准备好了提供帮助。故选D。 6.animals考查名词的数。句意：城里几乎所有的东西都被毁 8.A推理判断题。文章首段介绍了周四暴风雨席卷北加州的 了，大量的动物死了，人们都很震惊。由a large number of(大 情况，包括降雨带来的伤亡和受灾情况，下文进行了详细介 量的)可知，应用名词复数形式作主语，故填animals。 绍。文章具有时效性，符合新闻报道的文体特点。由此推断，！7.togt考查非谓语动词。句意：人们很难得到水、食物和电。 本文是一篇新闻报道。故选A。 itbe+形容词for sb.to do sth.固定句型，意为“对于某人来说 Ⅳ.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何收 做某事是…”，故填oget。 集花园里种植的蔬菜的种子。 8.were sent考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：地震发生后不 l.D根据空前“Make sure the seeds are from plants...their 久，士兵、医生、护士和工人被派往唐山。此处在句中作谓语， normal forms.”可知，空前提到你在收集花园里种植的蔬菜的； 句中描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，主语soldiers, 种子时，应该选择你种植了很多年的蔬菜的种子，此空应该提 doctors,nurses and workers和动词send是被动关系，应用一般 到其结果，D项符合语境。故选D。 过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词应用were,故填were 2.B根据空前“This kind of plants will not have..of just one of sent its parents..”可知，空前提出不要从商店出售的蔬菜中去获取！9.itself考查代词。句意：在政府的大力支持和市民的努力下， 种子，因为这些蔬菜都是杂交植物，而且这些植物只携带了其：这座城市开始自我复苏，重新站起来。主语和宾语是同一个， 中的一个亲本基因，故B项符合语境，顺义承接前文。故： 应用反身代词作宾语，故填itself。 选B。 l0.wisdom考查名词。句意：唐山市已经向世界证明，在灾难 3.F根据空前“Bees,flies,animals..give them space.”可知，空 面前，人们必须团结起来，展示智慧，保持积极向上，重建美 前提出了花园里异花授粉的方式，有蜜蜂、苍蝇等将花粉从一 好未来。此处应用名词wisdom作宾语，不可数，故填 种植物传播到另一种植物上，为了确保它们生长，需要给它们： wisdom。 空间，故F项符合语境。故选F。 练案[18] 4.C根据空前“To avoid cross-pollination surprises..which you can harvest seeds.”以及空后“Grow only one kind of tomato in!I.1.which2.which3.whom/that/who4.that/which your garden.”可知，空前提到为了避免异花授粉，建议只种一 5.which 6.which 7.that 8.whom 9.that 10.that 种蔬菜从而获得种子，空后举出例子只种一种番茄，故C项符Ⅱ.1.(that)I have ever read 合语境。故选C。 2.who are willing to work hard 5.E根据空后“Add something to the container to prevent any 3.(that)I am looking for remaining wetness.”可推知，空处提出要把种子放置在干燥的； 4.that/which happened in Tangshan 地方。E项符合题意，container是关键词。故选E。 5.that has failed the exam V.语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了唐山大 6.who/that sing well 地震发生之前，震后及重建唐山的情况。 :Ⅲ.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国在 L.strang©ly考查副词。句意：动物的行为很奇怪。此处应用副：灾害应对和恢复方面所做的努力和取得的成效。 词作状语，修饰动词behaved,故填strangely。 l.C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The Chengdu High-tech 2.appeared考查时态。句意：1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右， Disaster Reduction Center found that a three-second early warning 天空中出现了明亮的灯光，人们听到了巨大的噪音。此处在 can lower the number of the injured by 14%;a ten-second and前面的句子中作谓语，根据on28July1976可知，描述过！ warning,by39%;a20-second waming,by63%.”可知，本文通 去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填appeared。 过列举数字来展示预警系统的重要性。故选C。 3.frightening考查形容词。句意：一场可怕的地震开始了。此：2.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“n20l8,the Chinese 处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词earthquake,表示“可怕的”，应government also created..to ensure a round-the-clock emergency 用形容词frightening,故填frightening。 response.”可知，政府建立专业队伍是为了协助救援和恢复工 4.in考查介词。句意：不到一分钟，唐山就成了一片废墟。in作。故选B。 ruins固定搭配，意为“成为一片废墟”，故填in。 ;3.C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Whether it is earthquake, 5.who/hat考查定语从句。句意：住在那里的人有三分之二死 typhoon,flood or forest fire,China has an excellent record in 亡或受伤。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Two thirds post-disaster recovery,as it is able to organize resources from -240 various（各种各样的)departments including power,.water V.语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了8岁的 conservancy(水利)and supply,telecommunications and diseaseⅰPeyton Thorby在其他队员缺席的情况下独自参加啦啦队比赛并 control.”可知，救灾工作需要多个部门的共同努力。故选C。获得第一名的故事。 4.A主旨大意题。根据第一段以及全文内容可知，文章主要介！l.D frightened害怕的；tired累的；bored无聊的；talented有才能 绍了中国在灾害应对和恢复方面所做的努力和取得的成效。的。根据上文“this cheerleader proved to already be a star when 故选A。 she performed by herself'"可知，Peyton很有天赋。故选D。 V.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。当园丁在美丽的花园里；2.B work out锻炼，解决；look forward to期待；keep away from远 种植各种各样的植物时，他们很高兴看到蜜蜂和蝴蝶等有益的离；get on with进展，继续。根据上文“they were ready to 昆虫围绕在花周围。但是当他们仔细观察时，他们可能会发现compete”和空后“this day for so long'”可知，她们准备好了参加 一些植物被黑点覆盖，并且充满了有害的昆虫或害虫。文章介： 比赛，Peyton期待这一天已经很久了。故选B。 绍如何预防害虫和使用农药。 ;3.A arrive到达；return返回；behave举止，表现；debate辩论。 L.A根据上文提示“Some gardeners may immediately reach for根据下文“she was the only member that showed up'”可知，她是 chemicals..(一些园丁可能会立即使用化学药品。)”，再根据下： 唯一一个出现的队员，故此处指当她和妈妈赶到时。故选A。 文提示“Although it may stop the insect problem,it will also4.C apply to适用于；look for寻找；learn about了解；turn up出 threaten bees and butterflies which help the plants reproduce.( 现，调高（音量）。结合空后“such surprising news”可知，此处 然它可以解决昆虫问题，但它也会威胁到帮助植物繁殖的蜜：指她们得知了这样一个令人惊讶的消息。故选C。 蜂和糊蝶。)”可知，设空处与上文构成转折关系。所以A项！5.D level水平；rule规则；model模型；choice选择。根据下文 But this is not wise..（但这是不明智的。)切题。故选A。 “She could quit or she could compete as a team of one.”可知， 2.G根据下文提示“Only when there are too many harmful;Peyton面临两种选择。故选D。 insects,should pest control be considered.(只有当有害昆虫太6.A(be)disappointed at对…失望；(be)anxious for担心； 多的时候，才应该考虑害虫防治。)”可知，要接受有害虫。所：(be)excited about对…感到兴奋；(be)content with对…感 GThe process starts with the idea that having some pests is 到满意。根据上文可知，其他队员没有出现，她要么退出，要 acceptable..(这个过程始于有一些害虫是可以接受的想法。)： 么一个人参加比赛，她对此应是感到失望。故选A。 切题。故选G。 !7.B express表达；collect使镇定；select选择；respect尊重。根 3.F根据上文提示“As a rule,prevention is the best treatment..; 据下文“she made the brave decision”可知，她镇静下来，作出 Inspect plants closely,including their leaves,before buying them 了一个勇敢的决定，collect oneself“镇定下来，敛神专注”。故 from the store.(一般来说，预防是最好的治疗。在从商店购买 选B。 之前，仔细检查植物，包括它们的叶子。)”可知，有病虫害的植8.D above在（或向）…上面；about关于；away离开；alone独 物不能带回家。所以F项Do not bring any plants home that自。根据上文“she could compete as a team of one'”可知，她独 show signs of disease or pests.(不要带任何有病虫害迹象的植 自参赛。故选D。 物回家。)切题，其中选项中的lso顺承了上文。故选F。 i9.A shake颤抖；exercise锻炼；chat聊天；wonder想知道。根据 4.E根据下文提示“They invite pests if permitted to remain on 语境及下文“she felt nervous'”可知，独自参赛，她感到紧张，故 the ground.When you do see pests,wash them away.Use rubbing 她颤抖得很厉害。故选A。 alcohol to remove some insects,or pick them of the plants.(如果l0.B unfair不公平的；uncomfortable不舒服的；unlucky不幸的； 允许害虫留在地面上，它们会招来害虫。当你看到害虫时，把 unnecessary不必要的。结合下文“she felt nervous”可知，她 它们洗掉。用外用酒精去除一些昆虫，或者把它们从植物上； 很紧张，故此处指胃里不舒服。故选B。 摘下来。)”可知，要保持花园远离落叶、水果和其他废物。所ll.C agree同意；refuse拒绝；manage设法完成；afford支付得 E Keep your garden free of fallen leaves,fruits and other 起。根据上文“Although she felt nervous”表达的让步关系和 wastes.（让你的花园远离落叶、水果和其他废物。)切题。故 下文“this cheerleader even earned herself first place”可知，虽 选E。 然感到紧张，但她还是设法完成了一段精彩的独舞。故 5.C根据上文提示“Avoid using pesticides in extreme heat,.on 选C。 windy days,or when the plants are wet.(避免在极端高温、大风；l2.A actually事实上；obviously明显地；safely安全地；hurriedly 天或植物潮湿时使用农药。)”可知，设空处应该是在说使用 匆忙地。根据上文“a wonderful solo routine”以及空后“this 农药的时间。所以C项Treat the plants early in the morning or cheerleader even earned herself first place'”可知，她完成了一段 at night.（在清晨或晚上治疗植物。)切题。故选C。 精彩的独舞，事实上，她甚至赢得了第一名。故选A。 —241- l3.C break休息；look看；chance机会；breath呼吸。结合上文l.B chain链条；oute路线；trip旅行；duty义务。根据后文“to “she made the brave decision to perform”可知，她决定独自参 school'”以及“along his bus route”可知，Lunceford在公交车行 赛表演，故此处指她很高兴自己决定冒险一试，take a chance: 驶路线上看到了一个哭泣的孩子。故选B。 “冒险”，符合语境。故选C。 2.C hardly几乎不；simply仅仅；completely完全；truly真正。根 14.D measure措施；order命令；promise承诺；surprise惊喜。结 据后文“because of the bitter cold'”可知，因为严寒，男孩的手和 合下文“We had no idea.”可知，她们没有想到Peyton会获得 耳朵都被完全冻红了。故选C。 第一名，因此这个奖对她们来说是个惊喜。故选D。 ;3.A glove手套；glasses眼镜；overcoat大衣；sock袜子。根据后 l5.B example例子；achievement成就；power力量，权力；opinion 文“buy ten sets of gloves and hats'”可知，Lunceford买了手套和 观点。结合上文“they awarded her the first place trophy(奖： 帽子，此时他是把自己的手套给了那个孩子。故选A。 杯)”可知，Peyton获得了令人难以置信的成就。故选B。 4.Dwok工作；behave表现；wait等待；suffer遭受。前文提到 练案[19] 孩子的耳朵和手被冻红，可知此处是指遭受痛苦。故选D。 5.C lose丢失；deliver递，送；ache疼痛；change改变。根据前 I.1.powerfully 2.waves 3.effective 4.length 后文“His heart..because of the poor child'”可知，Lunceford为 5.is increasing 6.factors 7.at/to 8.through 那个可怜的孩子感到心痛。故选C。 9.calming 10.delivery 6.B latest最新的；coldest最冷的；hottest最热的；shortest最短 II.1.was walking along the street when ! 的。根据后文“winter was still lying ahead”可知，此处是指冬 2.making us shocked/in shock 天最寒冷的时候还没到来。故选B。 3.frightened by the unexpected earthquake :7.D set off动身出发，燃放；show off炫耀；put off推迟；drop of 4.makes it more and more important 放下，送到。根据后文“the kids at school'"以及“the three-year 5.found him asleep on the sofa bus driver”可知，此处是指把孩子送到学校，固定短语rop sb. 6.think it important to master some safety skills for i of意为“让某人下车”。故选D。 natural disasters :8.B company公司；store商店；park公园；bank银行。根据后文 Ⅲ. 语篇导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了澳大 “buy ten sets of gloves and hats”可知，此处是去商店买手套和 利亚一系列的极端气候灾害，包括其成因及造成的经济成本上 帽子。故选B。 升等。 l.B推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，Peter Ruprecht站在； 9.B home家；school学校；library图书馆；station车站。根据后 文“and determined to find the boy.A school worker”可知， 灾后废墟上的感慨以及第二段中的话语都是为了引出本文话 Lunceford买了东西后又回到学校，想找到刚才那个男孩。故 题：澳大利亚的气候灾难。故选B。 2.D词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，我们谈论的是大自 选B。 然的温暖，但大自然也可能是vicou、野蛮和无情的。由此推10.D attract吸引：nite邀请；:follow跟随；e带领。根据后 断，vicious的意思应该和“野蛮的”“无情的”相近。故选D。 "Lunceford to the library,where the boy was studying with his 3.B细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，气温升高不仅仅使土 class”可知，一位学校工作人员带领Lunceford去图书馆。故 地干涸。它们还会加热大气。因此，干旱变得更加严重，引发 选D。 火灾，然后是土地太干燥而无法吸收的大雨，即温度升高导致IⅡ.C disappoint使失望；annoy使恼怒；surprise使惊奇；charge 了复合极端情况。故选B。 指责，控告。根据后文“the boy with a new pair of gloves and a 4.C文章出处题。文章介绍了澳大利亚一系列的干旱、丛林大： hat”可知，Lunceford与男孩并不认识，却来给他送手套和帽 火、暴风雨等极端气候以及其成因、危害、造成的经济损失等。 子，所以这个男孩觉得惊讶。故选C。 这属于新闻报道的体裁。故选C。 :l2.A beginning开始；center中心；attention注意力；end结束。 Ⅳ.语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了公交车！ 根据后文“Many other students would receive the”可知，还有其 司机Lunceford在一个寒冷的早晨，看到一个男孩因没有手套和 他的学生得到了帮助，男孩只是个开始。故选A。 帽子，手和耳朵冻得通红，他先是把自己的手套给了男孩，然后l3.C comment评论；pize奖品；kindness善意；challenge挑战。 把学生送到学校后，去商店购买手套和帽子分发给有需要的学！ 根据语境可知，Lunceford给学生送帽子和手套，是一种善意。 生的感人故事。 故选C。 —242-