练案18 UNIT 5 SectionⅡ Discovering Useful Structures-【成才之路·练案】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册同步新课程学习指导(人教版)

练案[18] UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND Section II Discovering Useful Structures I.单句语法填空 5.(读后续写之环境描写)更糟糕的是，不知不 1 was no wonder that my fellow 觉间树林里起雾了，这无疑增加了我们找到 guests had only a few bites of each dish. 回家的路的困难。 2. Whether it will do us harm or good was that fog crept (remain)to be seen. in the forest without being noticed,which 3 worries many people is that these undoubtedly added to our difficulty finding our chemicals may even cause cancer. way home. 4.When and where the meeting will be held 6.(应用文写作之求助信)如何提高英语口语对 decide)already. 我来说仍然是一个难题，因此我写信向你寻 5.What are used as chief building materials today 求建议。 (be)steel and concrete. is still a puzzle to me,so I am writing to ask for your advice 6.It happened I met my teacher on 7.英语作为一门国际语言正日益为人们所接受， my way home. 这是事实。 7.With time going by, once seemed vital in our life is no longer important now. by people 8.It is universally acknowledged 8.吃绿色蔬菜有助于增强体力，这一点已经得 China has become powerful and it is not what it 到证实。 used to be decades ago. Ⅱ.完成句子 has been proved. 1.(读后续写之哭泣描写)她握着我的手，鸣咽 Ⅲ.阅读理解 着说：“谢谢！你所说的话对我非常重要。” (2024·广州高二期中) She held my hand,whimpering,“Thanks！ The world's major food crops-rice,wheat, has made a great difference corn-must be planted again for every harvest. tome.” That's a lot of work for farmers and can contribute 2.(读后续写之哭泣描写)他们所做的事情深深 to environmental problems such as soil erosion (K 地感动了我们，我们的泪水止不住地往下流。 土流失).Perennial(多年生的)grains that deeply moved us, survive and produce year after year could ease( our tears rolling down without control. 轻)the burden. 3.(读后续写之兴奋心理描写)约翰突然想到他 This year,researchers in China showed perennial rice can meet those standards and save 可以做爆米花来帮助伯纳德，眼睛里闪烁着 farmers many weeks of hard work.Called Perennial 兴奋的光芒。 Rice 23 (PR23),the variety was created years ago to help Bernard, by crossing a commercial variety of Asian rice with with eyes glittering with excitement. a perennial wild rice that grows in Africa. 4.(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)不确定他是否能 PR23 produced just as much grain as regular, 够成功地吓跑狼，他的心吓得狂跳。 seasonally planted rice,the team reported last his heart beating month.In the first year,planting and cultivation wildly with extreme fright. (栽培)cost about the same.But in the second 173 year,farmers could remove a major task:replanting1.What is an advantage of PR23? young rice seedlings(幼苗)into the rice field. A.Production increases every year. Skipping this step greatly reduced the amount of B.It reduces farmers'cost each year. work,and helped lower farmers'costs by half.Soil C.The soil with it gets more nutritious nutrition also increased in the fields containing D.There is no need to replant seedlings within perennial rice.By the fifth year,however, five years. production dropped so much that the perennial rice2.What might be a concern for researchers of needed to be replanted. perennial rice? More and more farmers are growing PR23, A.It may produce a harmful gas. thanks to technical assistance from Yunnan B.It is easily affected by diseases. University and government promotion.Perennial C.It is not adapted to local climate. rice could also reduce soil erosion in the terraced D.It may do harm to the environment. uplands of Southeast Asia.But researchers still3.What can be a suitable title for the text? need to develop a variety adapted to thatA.Perennial rice replaces regular rice. environment's drier and less rich soil.Researchers B.Perennial rice reforms rice growing. also worry about long-term impacts.One concern is C.Perennial rice boosts rice production. that there will be more weeds and disease-causing D.Perennial rice promises easier farming. organisms in the fields,requiring more chemicals.4.Where is the text probably taken from? Another question is whether the rice releases more A.A textbook. nitrous oxide-a strong greenhouse gas.But as B.A science magazine. cultivation spreads,the costs and benefits of C.A biology paper. perennial rice should come into focus. D.A government report. V.七选五 Autumn is a good time to plan for new flowers and plants for next year's growing season.1 As a result,it is necessary to improve soil before plants are in place. First,remove unwanted plants from the area.Next,test to see how acidic or alkaline (the soil is,which is called a pH test.2 Some universities have agricultural offices offering low-cost testing services to home gardeners. Each kind of plant will do best in a specific pH level.If the reading is outside the target levels for a plant,it will not be able to take in nutrients to its best abilities.So,learn their pH requirements,and prepare the soil if necessary for the plants. 3 Keep some of them on garden beds.If possible,break them into small pieces.Then spread 7 to 10 centimeters of compost(),or food and vegetable waste,over the leaves or directly on the soil if there are no leaves.The compost will offer high-quality nutrients into the ground to feed the plants. Place 5 to 8 centimeters of small pieces of wood,or coverings,over the compost to keep unwanted plants from growing and reasonable soil temperature and wetness over the winter.4 The proper time is when air temperatures have reached below -2 C for at least four hours. By spring,the benefit of your effort will be available at root level,and the soil will have softened for easier planting.5 The new garden will do well with the rich environment that has been created.And the garden will show this hard work with strong growth,beautiful flowers,and productive vegetables.And they will be healthier and better to bear unwanted diseases. —174 A.Autumn leaves are also good for gardens. B.The path to success starts with a good base. C.The richest soil is found on the forest ground. D.Push the covering away and grow flowers and plants. E.Doing so could bring unwanted plant seeds to the surface. F.If plants are already growing in the bed,delay adding coverings. G.In some countries,the tests are reasonably priced and easy to find. 1 2 3 4. 5 V.完形填空 (2024·深圳高二期末) 1.A.forced B.refused In20l1,a law was born.A kind of ladybug(瓢虫) C.signed D.allowed became the state insect of North Dakota.When the governor 2.A.when B.before (州长)1 the bill(法案)into law,four kids stood behind him! C.since D.until Jaden,Logan,Megan and Isabel were in first grade3.A.satisfied B.familiar 2 their idea for a law was born.Megan and Logan were C.angry D.content farm kids and they had been 3 with the ladybug4.A.act B.feed already.They knew that farmers had difficulty in controlling C.take crop-eating pests called aphids(蚜虫）and that ladybugs D.depend tended to 4 on aphids.The more ladybugs were 5.A.chemicals B.tools around,the fewer 5 the farmers had to use. C.plants D.efforts They decided that this ladybug should be their state6.A.interest B.quality insect.This ladybug was of great 6 to the crops on the place of oor Bat theyd ea.discu C.benefit D.strength how to 7 a law.So they asked help from their teacher, B.complete who happened to 8 their local state representative. C.imagine D.create When they all met,he told the kids they would have to8.A.know B.compete present facts and reasons to 9 lawmakers that North C.recognize D.phone Dakota was in need of the ladybug as the state insect. 9.A.remind B.convince The students spent much of that first-grade spring 10 ladybugs.There was no doubt that their research C.promise D.attract was hard work,11,they fell in love with it."Even if10.A.describing B.introducing we hadn't achieved what we wanted,"says Jaden,"even if C.reporting D.researching the bill hadn't been passed,I think it was really 12 11.A.meanwhile B.besides alot.” In the fall of their second-grade year,they were C.therefore D.however invited to speak to a committee.In excitement,Megan 12.A.important B.worth wrote 13 for the group to sing,they contacted more C.necessary D.helpful experts for support,and they practiced their presentation a 13.A.songs B.books lot!They showed up at the state building in ladybug D.cards costumes and presented their case.14,the bill was C.poems passed 14.A.Suddenly B.Gradually The students want everyone to know that kids can C.Unluckily D.Finally make a 15."Whether you are 8 or 80,"says Isabel, 15.A.difference B.noise “you have a voice in your community..” C.decision D.point 1754.D标题归纳题。文章主要讲述的是作者的父亲种植了一些 无名种子，长大后把它们当成杂草，后来才知道它们是珍贵 的中药。D项nnocent gardener(天真的园丁)作为标题最佳。 语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了哥伦比亚的 个环保组织WebConserva帮助和鼓励哥伦比亚农民尝试种植咖 啡以保护环境。 5.A代词指代题。根据画线词所在的句子可知，画线词thy 指的是本句中的coffee farmers。 6.D细节理解题。根据第三段可知WebConserva鼓励农户种 植咖啡，这样2万公顷的原始森林可以得到保护。这些家庭 承诺不砍伐树木来扩大作物种植，也不捕猎森林里的野生动 物。作为回报，他们可以从125千克咖啡中获得300美元。 7.C推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句Arcadio Barajas的话 语“砍伐森林种植古柯和杀害野生动物违背了我的信仰，现在 我觉得种植咖啡让我成为了土地的好管家。”和第五段 Arnobis Romero说的话“许多家庭几年前就依靠非法活动来供 养他们的孩子。现在，我们感到有责任照顾好这种生物多样 性，把它留给后代。”可推断作者打算通过提及Arcadio Barajas 和Arnobis Romero来说明咖啡种植改变了以前古柯种植者的 生活。 8.D推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“这在保护森林、生 物多样性和生态系统的同时，也提高了咖啡种植者的生活质 量。”可知，WebConserva有益于生态系统和当地人民的生活。 V.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了食物浪 费的现象过于严重，并提出了可以帮助我们更好地爱惜食物。 并培养对食物背后的世界的尊重的几个方法。 1.F根据前文提到我们并不珍惜食物的例子和空前一句可推 知，设空句应继续讲述食物浪费的情况。选项F“全球生产的 粮食有三分之一被损失或浪费”承接上文，符合语境。 2.E根据前文可知，浪费食物所带来的是一系列的浪费，这表 明食物对我们来说意味着很多。选项E“食物远不止是我们 盘子里的东西”总结前文，符合题意。 3.G根据该部分主题句可知，该部分强调支持本地的“食品生 产者”，且前文“But what about our farmers?”提及了农民，可 推知设空句应解释农民的重要性。选项G“没有他们，我们 就不会获得我们每天需要的新鲜食物”用双重否定句强调了 农民的重要性，them就是指上文的farmers 4.C根据该部分主题句可知，该部分强调健康饮食。选项C “我们的身体消耗热量和营养”承接主题句，选项中的 “calories”,“nutrients'”与后文中“energy”和“nutrition”相呼 应，衔接紧密。 5.A设空句为段落主题句。根据后文“Talk to the people around and to the next generation about making informed,healthy and sustainable food choices."可知，该段强调“与周围的人和 下一代谈论明智、健康和可持续的饮食选择”，因此，设空句 作为段落主题句，应突出核心词汇“谈论”。选项A“进行交 谈”与后文“Talk to..”相呼应。 V. 语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位越南的 农民受到袁隆平故事的激励而努力改进种植方式，提高农作物 产量的故事。 L.had been struggling考查动词的时态。根据For decades和 was可知，此处应用过去完成进行时。 2.of考查介词。rid sb.of..意为“使某人摆脱/去除…”，为 固定搭配。 3.t考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处用t作形式主语。 4.how考查“疑问词+todo”结构。“how to expand the output of his crops'”是真正的主语，how在句中作状语。 5.Given考查固定句型。given that,意为“鉴于，考虑到”。位 于句首，首字母大写。 6.skimming考查现在分词。此处为状语从句的省略，补全句 子为“when he was skimming..”。 7.practical考查词性转换。此处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构， 空处用形容词practical作宾语knowledge的补足语。 8.himself考查代词。此处和主语He为同一人，应用反身代 词加强语气。 9.satisfied考查词性转换。be satisfied with意为“对…满 意”，为固定短语。 l0.Thanks考查固定短语。thanks to意为“由于，多亏”，为固 定短语。 练案[18] I.1.It 2.remains 3.What 4.has been decided 5.are 6.that 7.what 8.that II.1.What you said 2.What they had done 3.It occurred to John that he could make popcorn 4.It was uncertain whether he could successfully frighten away the wolf 5.What was worse 6.How I will improve my spoken English 7.It is a fact that English,as an international language,is increasingly accepted 8.That eating green vegetables contributes to building up strength Ⅲ.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多年生 水稻有望使得种植更加容易。 1.D细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知，种植PR23的 优势是5年内农民不需要重新种植水稻幼苗。 2.D细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“另一个问题是， 水稻是否会释放更多的一氧化二氮—一一种强烈的温室气 体”可知，多年生水稻的研究人员可能会担心水稻释放温室气 体，对环境有害。 3.D主旨大意题。根据文章第一段多年生水稻可以为农民节 省工作，减轻负担，所以“多年生水稻有望使得种植更加容易” 可以作为文章标题。 4.C推理判断题。本文主要介绍了多年生水稻的相关内容，推 测文章可能取自一篇生物学论文。 I. 语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了秋天应该对 土壤做些什么，为花园的种植做好准备。 1.B秋天是为明年计划种植新的花卉和植物的好时机，因此， 必须在植物就位前改良土壤。B项“The path to success starts with a good base.（成功之路始于良好的基础。)”强调基础的 重要性。 2.G根据前文“接下来，测试土壤的酸碱度，即pH值测试。” 和后文“一些大学设有农业办公室，为家庭园丁提供低成本 的检测服务。”可知，G项“在一些国家，这种检查价格合理， 而且很容易找到。”符合语境。 3.A作者建议把叶子保留在花园里，当作肥料。A项“秋天的 树叶对花园也有好处。”与后文意义一致，且后文“them”指代 的就是A项中的“leaves”。 4.F为了阻止一些植物的生长和保持土壤的温度和湿度，需 要在花园铺上覆盖物。F项“如果植物已经在苗床上生长，则 推迟添加覆盖物。”符合语境。 6 5.D在春天，土壤达到了种植的条件。“your effort”指代的就 是上一段中的“Place5to8 centimeters of small pieces of wood, or coverings”,即放覆盖物。既然土壤已经适合种植了，那么 此时就可以去掉覆盖物了。D项“推开覆盖物，种植花草。” 符合语境。 V. 语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了北达科 他州四个孩子把庄稼里的瓢虫写进法案的故事。 1.C由下文“the bill into law”可知，签署法案使之成为法律。 forced强迫；refused拒绝；signed签字；签署；allowed允许。 2.A在他们一年级的时候，他们就产生了这个想法。 3.B由上文“Megan and Logan were farm kids'”可知，梅根和洛 根是农场长大的孩子，所以他们对瓢虫很熟悉，be familiar with 固定搭配，意为“对…熟悉”。satisfied满意的；familiar熟悉 的；angy生气的；content满意的。 4.B他们知道农民很难控制吃庄稼的这种蚜虫，而瓢虫往往以 蚜虫为食。feed on固定搭配，意为“以…为食”。 5.A根据上文提到瓢虫吃蚜虫可知，瓢虫越多，蚜虫就越少，所 以农民使用的化学药品就越少。chemicals化学品；tools工具； plants植物；efforts努力。 6.C上文提到瓢虫以蚜虫为食，由此可知，瓢虫对农场的庄稼 有很大的益处，be of great benefit固定搭配，意为“对…有很 大好处”。interest兴趣；quality品质；benefit好处；strength 优势。 7.D但他们不知道如何制定法律。discuss讨论：complete完 成；imagine想象；create制作。 8.A以他们向老师寻求帮助，而老师恰好认识他们当地的州 代表。know知道；认识；compete竞争；recognize认出；phone打 电话。 9.B当他们见面时，他告诉孩子们，他们必须提出事实和理由 来说服立法者北达科他州需要瓢虫作为州昆虫。remind提 醒；convince使信服；promise承诺；attract吸引。 l0.D由下文“their research was hard work”可知，这几个学生花 了很多时间研究瓢虫。describing描写；introducing介绍； reporting报告；researching研究。 11.D毫无疑问，他们的研究是艰苦的工作，然而，他们爱上 了它。 12.B杰登认为即使没有通过法案，这件事也是有价值的。 important重要的；worth值得的；有价值的；necessary有必要 的；helpful有帮助的。 13.A梅根非常兴奋，他为大家写歌，他们联系更多的专家支 持，他们练习了很多演示！由下文“tosg”可知，是写歌曲。 14.D上文提到孩子们为法案所付出的努力，和下文“the bil训 was passed!”可知，最终法案通过了。 15.A学生们希望每个人都知道，孩子可以有所作为。make a difference固定搭配，意为“有影响；有作为”。difference差异； noise噪音；decision决定；point论点。 练案[19] I.1.to/for 2.to choose 3.making 4.It 5.in 6.for 7.by 8.from/of II.1.in turn 2.For instance 3.have no alternative but to choose 4.Not only can he speak English 5.was too excited Ⅲ.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过极端天气 影响啤酒的价格这一例子说明气候变化对农业会产生很大影 响，并介绍了相关的研究。 20 1.A细节理解题。由第二段可知干旱或高温等极端天气条件 会影响大麦的生产，如果大麦产量下降，啤酒产量也会下降， 啤酒可能会变得更贵。因此极端天气影响啤酒的价格。 2.C推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“事实上，干旱对啤酒生 产的影响已经被看到了。”所以后文提到了彭博社的报告是为 了给出一个支持的例子。 3.B词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知，如果气候变化失去控 制，其影响将是全球性的，说明农业对气候变化很敏感，牵一 发而动全身。故画线词意思是“敏感的”。 4.C推理判断题。根据最后一段“啤酒并非人类生存的必需 品，却在世界各地的文化中占据重要地位。这给了人们更多 关注气候变化的理由”可推知，作者写这篇文章的潜在目的是 引起人们对气候变化的关注。 V.语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。动物爱好者Scott Poore 搬进了动物收容所的狗舍，这样他就可以帮助那些没人要的小 狗找到收养人。 1.B Poore搬进了收容所的狗舍，目的(aim)是帮助没人要的 小狗找到收养人。 2.B根据上下文可知，Poore是狗狗Queen最忠诚的室友 devoted忠诚的e 3.D根据下文中的“familiar with all of the4”和“every single day for over a year now”可知，Poore是这家动物收容所 的常客，对所有的动物都很熟悉。regular经常的。a regular visitor“一位常客”。 4.C Poore是这家动物收容所的常客，对所有的动物都很 熟悉。 5.D然而，Queen却特别让Poore上心。steal sb.'s heart博得 某人的欢心，在这里表示Poore喜欢Queen。. 6.A Poore说，他最近开始注意到，Queen似乎“失去了找到 个永远的家的希望(hope)”。下文中的“see her giving up”也 是暗示。 7.A一年多来，Poore每天都去探望Queen,他很明显地 （obviously)看到它放弃了。 8.C以前Poore去看Queen的时候，Queen总是很兴奋 (excited),这与现在形成了鲜明的对比。 9.B为了引起人们对Queen处境的关注，Pooe收拾好手提 箱，搬进了这只小狗的狗舍。pak收拾（行李），装（箱）。 l0.D根据句中的“managing his work while also living at the shelter,but”可知，Poore住在动物收容所的同时很难 (tough)做好自己的工作，但他决心留在收容所，直到有人 收养Queen。 Il.B参见上题解析。determined坚决的。 12.A自从本周早些时候Poore住进动物收容所以来，他和 Queen已经成了许多家全国性媒体的新闻焦点。settle into 安顿下来，符合语境。clear up收拾；care for照顾；meet with 会见。 l3.D参见上题解析。hit/grab/make the headlines成为新闻 头条。 14.B根据although引导让步状语从句和语境可知，此处谈及 没有潜在的收养者。adopter收养者。 15.C在Queen与一个住在这个国家另一端的女人相遇后，这 只小狗终于有了一个充满爱的家。此处的path比喻“人生 的轨迹”。sb.'s path crosses with意为“与…相遇”。 语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了新型生态农场所 有人石嫣十多年来一直在中国推广生态农业。