Unit 6 The Admirable 语法（同义词与反义词+词汇运用）导学案-2026-2027学年高中英语北师大版必修第二册

Unit 6 The Admirable 语法（同义词与反义词+词汇运用）导学案 北师大版高中英语 · 必修第二册 Unit 6 The Admirable 一、核心知识：同义词与反义词（Synonyms and Antonyms） 本单元 Lesson 3 The Superhero Behind Superman 的 Focus on Language 板块学习同义词与反义词。写作中用同义替换可以避免重复，用反义对比可以突出人物形象，是词汇升级的重要手段。 （一）定义 同义词（synonyms）是词性相同、含义相近的一组词语，如 job --- career；finally --- eventually。反义词（antonyms）是词性相同、含义相反的一组词语，如 positive --- negative。注意：同/反义词词性须一致。 （二）本单元重点同义词 job --- career 工作---事业（a job 一份具体工作；a career 长期的职业生涯）；finally --- eventually 最终；severe --- serious 严重的（severe 常修饰 injury/pain/weather；serious 常修饰 problem/illness/situation）；remarkable --- extraordinary --- unusual 非凡的；gain --- obtain 获得；renowned --- famous --- well-known 著名的；opportunity --- chance 机会。 （三）本单元重点反义词 healthy ↔ sick；positive ↔ negative；alive ↔ dead；oppose ↔ support；success ↔ failure；famous ↔ unknown；hopeful ↔ hopeless；brave ↔ cowardly；strong ↔ weak。 （四）构词法速记反义词（复习与拓展） ① 否定前缀：un-（unhappy, unknown, unfair）、in-（incorrect）、im-（impossible）、dis-（disagree, dislike）。② 后缀 -less（本册 Unit 5 已学）：hope → hopeless, care → careless, help → helpless。 （五）易错提醒 ① finally 与 eventually 可互换；at last 常带有"终于（等了很久）"的感情色彩；in the end 强调"结局"。 ② job 与 career 不可混用：a part-time job（一份兼职工作）；a career as a doctor（医生的职业生涯）。 ③ 反义词词性一致：healthy（adj.）↔ sick（adj.），不能写成 health ↔ sick。 ④ 同义词是"近义"不是"同义"，搭配不同：a serious problem / a severe injury，不可说 a severe problem（不自然）。 第一部分 语法练习 A ------ 写出下列单词的同义词 1. job (n.) ________　2. finally (adv.) ________　3. severe (adj.) ________　4. famous (adj.) ________ 5. chance (n.) ________　6. gain (vt.) ________　7. brave (adj.) ________　8. remarkable (adj.) ________ 语法练习 B ------ 用适当形式（反义词）填空 1. The game was ________ because one team had an extra player. (fair) 2. The writer was almost completely ________ before she won the Nobel Prize. (known) 3. In that ________ situation, the team still refused to give up. (hope) 4. A ________ mistake in the lab ruined months of work. (care) 5. After hours in the icy water, the survivors felt cold and ________. (help) 语法练习 C ------ 同义词替换（划线部分） 1. He got a lot of encouragement from his teacher. 2. At last she recovered and was able to walk again. 3. His wounds were very serious. 4. The scientist is famous around the world. 5. We should not oppose those who help us. 语法练习 D ------ 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. His injuries were so ________ (severe) that many doctors believed he would not survive. 2. ________ (final), after hundreds of failed experiments, the team found a promising chemical. 3. Martin Luther King is a great man ________ (respect) by people all over the world. 4. The little boy was once too ________ (frighten) to speak in public, but now he is a ________ (confidence) speaker. 5. Although the situation seemed ________ (hope), Scott and his men stayed cheerful. 6. The medicine ________ (discover) by Tu Youyou has saved millions of lives. 7. According to Navi Pillay, everyone must be ________ (account) for their actions. 8. The two teams were ________ (equal) matched; neither could win easily. 9. Decades ago, studying the brain was almost __________ (possible). 10. What seems __________ (significance) today may change the world tomorrow. 语法练习 E ------ 近义词辨析：从 A、B 中选择最佳答案 1. Becoming a doctor is not just a ______; it is a lifelong ________.　A. job; career　B. career; job 2. After 40 years of research, Halzen ________ saw his dream come true.　A. eventually　B. lately 3. His ________ injuries left him unable to move.　A. serious　B. severe 4. Tu Youyou is ________ for her discovery of artemisinin.　A. world-famous　B. world-healthy 5. The prize gave the young scientist a golden ________.　A. opportunity　B. duty 第二部分 A. 阅读理解 ------ IceCube: A Window Beneath the Ice On 6 October 2026, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics to Francis Halzen, an 86-year-old physicist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison --- the first person in 34 years to win the physics prize alone. Halzen won the prize "for decisive contributions to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and the discovery of high-energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin." Neutrinos are tiny particles that come from deep space but almost never interact with anything. To catch them, Halzen and his team spent over a decade building a giant telescope --- not under the sky, but under the ice of the South Pole, using a cubic kilometre of Antarctic ice as their detector. Many people thought the project was crazy. Building anything in temperatures below -40℃ was difficult, and the team had to drill two and a half kilometres into the ice. "There were moments when things looked hopeless," Halzen once said. But in 2013, IceCube detected high-energy neutrinos from outside our solar system for the first time --- opening a completely new window on the universe. When the Nobel Committee called him, Halzen was attending a meeting in Italy. He said the news was "a total surprise" --- and joked that he was busy writing a grant application, hoping the prize would help him get it approved. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1. What is special about Halzen's 2026 prize?　 A. He shared it with three other scientists.　B. He was the first solo physics winner in 34 years.　 C. It was the first Nobel Prize ever awarded.　D. He refused to accept it. 2. Where is the IceCube telescope?　 A. On a mountain in Switzerland.　B. In space above the South Pole.　 C. Under the ice of the South Pole.　D. At the bottom of the ocean. 3. The underlined words "cubic kilometre" in Paragraph 2 tell us that the detector is ________.　 A. very old　B. extremely large　C. very expensive　D. highly dangerous 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?　 A. Neutrinos interact with everything they meet.　 B. IceCube first detected high-energy neutrinos in 2013.　 C. Halzen gave up when things looked hopeless.　 D. The telescope took only one year to build. 5. What does the last paragraph mainly show about Halzen?　 A. He cares more about research than about fame.　B. He does not like travelling to Italy.　 C. He plans to stop working after winning the prize.　D. He is unhappy with the Nobel Committee. B. 七选五 ------ Why Do We Need Role Models? 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When students are asked who they admire, answers vary greatly: scientists, athletes, writers, or even a family member. 1.________ Firstly, role models give us direction. A student who admires Tu Youyou may choose to study medicine; one who loves IceCube may dream of becoming a physicist. 2.________ Success rarely comes overnight. The 2026 Nobel laureates spent decades on their research before being recognised. When we learn about their failures and persistence, we become less afraid of our own difficulties. Thirdly, role models teach us values. Navi Pillay spent her life defending people without a voice; Christopher Reeve raised money for others while fighting his own illness. 3.________ However, choosing a role model requires wisdom. We should not admire people only because they are rich or famous. 4.________ A person who works honestly and cares about others is far more admirable than a star with a bad character. 5.________ As Gandhi said, we should be the change we wish to see in the world. One day, someone may look up to us. A. We should admire only people who have won Nobel Prizes. B. Then how can we become role models ourselves? C. However, the importance of having a role model is widely agreed. D. Secondly, role models encourage us when we face difficulties. E. Fame and wealth do not equal true admirability. F. Their stories show us that serving others gives life its meaning. G. Role models are always perfect people without any weaknesses. C. 完形填空 ------ The Call at the Supermarket（记叙文） 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（共15小题，每小题只有一个最佳答案） On the evening of 7 October 2026, Kenso Soai, a 76-year-old Japanese chemist, was doing some 1.________ shopping at a supermarket near his home when his phone rang. "Professor Soai, congratulations! You have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry." Soai could not believe his 2.________. The caller had to repeat the message twice before he finally 3.________ it was real. Decades ago, Soai had begun studying "chirality"（n.空间的螺旋特性） --- why molecules（分子） in living things exist in only one of two mirror forms（镜像形式）, a mystery that had puzzled chemists for more than a century. At that time, few researchers were 4.________ in the question, and his grant applications（拨款申请） were often 5.________. His experiments repeatedly 6.________. Colleagues told him the question was too hard, and some 7.________ advised him to change his field. But Soai 8.________ refused. Year after year, he repeated his experiments, each time making tiny 9.________. He later recalled that what kept him going was not the dream of prizes but pure 10.________ about nature. 11.________, after years of quiet work, his discovery of asymmetric autocatalysis（不对称自催化反应） provided the key to the mystery. When reporters asked how he felt, Soai smiled: "I was just buying dinner. This prize belongs not to me alone, but to all the students and partners with 12.________ I worked." He also had a message for young people: "Choose questions that others think are impossible. Work honestly, and be 13.________ with small steps." That night, the quiet chemist went back home and finished his shopping list. For a 14._____ scientist, the Nobel Prize is not the end of the journey --- it is just a bright 15.________ along the way. 1. A. evening　B. expensive　C. foreign　D. online 2. A. eyes　B. ears　C. hands　D. words 3. A. admitted　B. remembered　C. understood　D. forgot 4. A. satisfied　B. rich　C. skilled　D. interested 5. A. rejected　B. accepted　C. signed　D. sealed 6. A. worked　B. failed　C. ended　D. stopped 7. A. even　B. never　C. still　D. hardly 8. A. politely　B. firmly　C. suddenly　D. luckily 9. A. excuses　B. promises　C. improvements　D. complaints 10. A. anger　B. fear　C. pride　D. curiosity 11. A. Firstly　B. Immediately　C. Eventually　D. Probably 12. A. whom　B. which　C. them　D. those 13. A. angry　B. patient　C. familiar　D. popular 14. A. kind　B. cute　C. clever　D. true 15. A. shadow　B. light　C. candle　D. mirror D. 词汇考查 ------ 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. Tu Youyou was the first Chinese female scientist ________ (award) a Nobel Prize for her work. 2. The doctor's ________ (severe) injuries left him unable to walk. 3. Navi Pillay has ________ (gain) international recognition for her work on human rights. 4. His positive attitude ________ (inspire) many people who were stuck in illness. 5. The two teams were equal in ________ (strong), so the match ended in a draw. 6. We all admire her for her ________ (brave) in fighting for equal rights. 7. The discovery of optogenetics has proved ________ (benefit) to millions of patients. 8. He finally became a ________ (success) actor after years of hard work. 9. The rule of law should be ________ (protect) by everyone. 10. Anne Carson is a writer of great ________ (original), whose poems create new forms. 第三部分 书面表达 题目：你校将举办 "My Role Model" 英语演讲比赛。请你以 2026 年诺贝尔奖得主（如 Francis Halzen、Navi Pillay 等）或其他你钦佩的人物为主题，写一篇不少于 80 词的演讲稿。 要点提示： 1. 介绍人物及其主要事迹； 2. 至少使用 4 组本单元所学的同义词（如 job / career, finally / eventually, severe / serious, chance / opportunity, gain / obtain），避免重复用词； 3. 至少使用 1 组反义词形成对比（如 hopeless ↔ hopeful, unknown ↔ famous）； 4. 结尾发出号召（如：Let us learn from ...）。 参考答案与解析 语法练习 A 1. career　2. eventually　3. serious　4. well-known / renowned　5. opportunity　6. obtain　7. courageous / daring　8. extraordinary / unusual 语法练习 B 1. unfair【解析】有一队多了名球员，比赛"不公平"。 2. unknown【解析】获奖前几乎无人知晓，与 famous 形成对比。 3. hopeless【解析】hopeless situation 绝境；反义词为 hopeful。 4. careless【解析】a careless mistake 粗心的错误。 5. helpless【解析】在冰水中数小时后，幸存者感到"无助"。 语法练习 C 1. He obtained / gained a lot of encouragement from his teacher.　2. Eventually / Finally she recovered and was able to walk again.　3. His injuries were very severe.　4. The scientist is internationally renowned / world-famous.　5. We should support those who help us. 语法练习 D 1. severe【解析】severe injuries 重伤；so...that... 结果状语从句。 2. Eventually / Finally【解析】句首副词作状语，注意大写。 3. respected【解析】被动语态：a man (who is) respected by...。 4. frightened; confident【解析】too + adj. + to do；第二空修饰 speaker 用形容词 confident。 5. hopeless【解析】seem 为系动词，后接形容词；a hopeless situation 与课文 Race to the Pole 呼应。 6. discovered【解析】过去分词作后置定语：the medicine (which was) discovered...。 7. accountable【解析】be accountable for 对……负责，account → accountable，词性转换。 8. equally【解析】修饰过去分词 matched 用副词 equally。 9. impossible【解析】possible的反义词，表示不可能。 10. insignificant【解析】significant的反义词，微不足道的。 语法练习 E 答案：1--5 A A B A A 1. A【解析】job 指一份具体工作，career 指毕生事业。 2. A【解析】eventually 最终；lately 近来，不合语境。 3. B【解析】severe injuries 重伤为固定搭配；serious 多与 problem/illness 搭配。 4. A【解析】world-famous 举世闻名的。 5. A【解析】a golden opportunity 千载难逢的机会。 第二部分 A. 阅读理解 答案：1--5 B C B B A 第1题：B。细节理解题。第一段 "the first person in 34 years to win the physics prize alone" 直接对应 B。 第2题：C。细节理解题。第二段 "under the ice of the South Pole" 对应 C；干扰项 B 利用 South Pole 设障，但望远镜在冰下而非太空。 第3题：B。推理判断题。用一立方公里的冰做探测器，说明其体积"极大"。 第4题：B。细节判断题。第三段 "in 2013, IceCube detected high-energy neutrinos" 对应 B。干扰项 A 与第二段 "almost never interact with anything" 相反；C 与 "things looked hopeless" 后仍坚持相反；D 与 "over a decade" 矛盾。 第5题：A。推理判断题。末段他得知获奖时还在写基金申请、开玩笑说希望奖项帮申请获批，说明他重研究、轻名声。 第二部分 B. 七选五 答案：1--5 C D F E B（多余选项：A、G） 1. C。空格后 Firstly... 展开"榜样的重要性"，C 项承上启下。 2. D。与上文 Firstly、下文 Thirdly 构成顺序衔接，段意呼应"榜样鼓励我们面对困难"。 3. F。F 项 "serving others gives life its meaning" 总结皮莱、里夫"服务他人"的例子。 4. E。前文 "not admire people only because they are rich or famous" 与 E 项同义复现。 5. B。末段由"榜样"转向"我们自己如何成为榜样"，B 项设问引出下文。干扰项：A 过于绝对；G 与事实相反（榜样也会失败）。 第二部分 C. 完形填空 答案：1--5 A B C D A　6--10 B A B C D　11--15 C A B D B 1. A【语境理解】由首句 "On the evening" 可知是"晚间"购物，原词复现。 2. B【语境推断】电话里传来获奖消息，不敢相信自己的"耳朵"。 3. C【词义辨析】understand 明白、意识到；admit 承认；remember 记得；forget 忘记。对方重复两遍他才"明白"是真的。 4. D【固定搭配】be interested in 对……感兴趣。当时几乎没有研究者对这个"世纪难题"感兴趣。 5. A【语境推断】与"少有人感兴趣"并列，经费申请经常被"拒绝"（rejected）。accept 接受；sign 签署；seal 密封，均不合语境。 6. B【语境理解】由后文"同事劝他换方向"可知实验屡次"失败"（failed）。 7. A【逻辑关系】even 加强语气：有人"甚至"劝他改行。never/still/hardly 不合逻辑。 8. B【词义辨析】firmly refuse 坚决拒绝，体现人物的 persistence；politely 礼貌地、suddenly 突然、luckily 幸运地均不合语境。 9. C【词义辨析】tiny improvements 微小改进，呼应下文 "years of quiet work"；excuse 借口、promise 承诺、complaint 抱怨均为负向词，与语境不符。 10. D【语境推断】让他坚持的不是奖项而是对自然的纯粹"好奇"（curiosity），呼应单元科学家主题。 11. C【逻辑关系】Eventually 最终，与数十年默默耕耘呼应，亦回扣 finally/eventually 同义考点。 12. A【语法结构】"介词+关系代词"：work with sb → with whom。 13. B【固定搭配】be patient with 对……有耐心，与 small steps 呼应。 14. D【语境理解】For a true scientist 对于一个真正的科学家来说，荣誉只是起点，升华主题。 15. B【词义辨析+对比】a bright light 与 not the end 形成对照；shadow 阴影、candle 蜡烛（不能与 a ... along the way 呼应）、mirror 镜子均不合语境。 第二部分 D. 词汇考查 1. to be awarded【解析】the first... scientist to be awarded，动词不定式被动式作后置定语。 2. severe【解析】severe injuries 重伤。 3. gained【解析】现在完成时 has gained；gain recognition 获得认可。 4. inspired / has inspired【解析】一般过去时与课文一致。 5. strength【解析】in strength 在力量上；equal in strength 势均力敌。 6. bravery【解析】介词 for 后接名词 bravery（勇敢）。 7. beneficial【解析】prove 后接形容词 beneficial；be beneficial to。 8. successful【解析】修饰 actor 用形容词 successful。 9. protected【解析】被动语态：be protected by。 10. originality【解析】great 后接名词 originality（独创性）。 第三部分 参考范文 Dear friends, My Role Model Good morning, everyone! Today I want to talk about my role model — Tu Youyou, the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize. Born in Ningbo in 1930, Tu has spent her whole career studying traditional Chinese medicine. In 1967, she was given a difficult job: to find a cure for malaria, a severe disease that was killing many people. She and her team tried more than 190 ways, but all failed. At that moment, the situation seemed hopeless. However, Tu stayed hopeful and kept on working day and night. One day, she found an old book by chance. It gave her a new idea: to extract the medicine at a low temperature. Eventually, in 1971, she obtained a substance called artemisinin. To prove it was safe, she tested it on herself first. Finally, her medicine saved millions of lives around the world. Thanks to her work, doctors now have a new opportunity to fight malaria, and people continue to gain from her discovery. A once unknown scientist is now famous across the globe. Tu Youyou's story tells me: never give up, even when success feels far away. Let us learn from Tu Youyou — stay hopeful in hard times, and serve the world with what we learn! Thank you! 【语言目标自查清单】同义词：severe / career / eventually / opportunity / gain（或 obtain）；反义对比：hopeless ↔（文中体现 refused to give up 的 hopeful 精神）。结尾发出号召：Let us learn from him... 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $