内容正文:
七年级英语Unit 3 语法节节清20261013
一、形容词的定义
形容词用以修饰名词或代词,是描述人或事物的性质、特征或状态的词。
二、形容词的用法
(一)作定语
①形容词作定语时,常位于它所修饰的名词之前;
例如:fresh fruit 新鲜的水果; an exciting movie令人兴奋的电影。
②修饰由 some、any、no、every 等构成的不定代词(如 something、anything、nothing、someone)时,则要放在这些词之后。
例如:There is something important in the passage.
(二)作表语
形容词作表语时,放在系动词之后。常见的系动词有 be、become、feel、smell、get、look、sound、taste、turn 等。
口诀:"感(feel)看(look)起来(sound / smell / taste)变得(become / get / turn) , keep / stay 后接形不副"。
例:The song sounds wonderful.
The food smells good.(√) smells well(×,well 在此作副词)
(三)作宾语补足语
We should keep our classroom clean.
The news made us excited.
三、常用句型
(一)It is + 形容词 +(for sb.)to do sth.
意为“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”,表示对某件事的感受或看法。
例如:It is important for us to learn English well.(对我们来说学好英语很重要。)
(二)It is + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth.
意为“某人做某事是……的”,这里的形容词是描述人的性格、品质等。常用的形容词有 kind、nice、brave、careless、clever、foolish、generous、polite、honest等。
例如:It is kind of you to help me.(你真好,帮我。)
辨析:for sb. 后接的形容词描述事物(如 important、easy、difficult),of sb. 后接的形容词描述人的品质(如 kind、polite)。
【即时练习】
1. It is clever ______ him to work out the difficult math problem.
2. It is important ______ us ______________ (learn) English well.
3. It is rude ______ her ______________ (shout) at others.
四、名词变形容词
名词后加上不同的词缀可以变为形容词,常见词缀如下:
后缀
含义/用法
例词(词根 → 形容词)
-ful
充满……的
care → careful;help → helpful;beauty → beautiful
-less
无……的(与 -ful 互为反义)
care → careless;hope → hopeless
-y
多……的
rain → rainy;wind → windy;
noise → noisy
-ly
像……的(注意与副词后缀区分)
friend → friendly;love → lovely
-ous / -ious
……的
danger → dangerous;
fame → famous
-able / -ible
可……的
comfort → comfortable;
enjoy → enjoyable
-ive / -al / -ern / -ish
……的
act → active;nature → natural;
west → western;child → childish
【即时练习】
It is a 1._________ (rain) morning. Tom is a 2.___________ (friend) and 3._________ (help) boy. But it is 4.__________ (hope) for him to arrive at school on time, because the storm is 5._____________(danger).
五、【-ed形容词 & -ing形容词】
类别
含义
例词
-ing 形容词
令人……的(说明事物本身的特点)
interesting 令人感兴趣的;exciting 令人兴奋的;moving 感人的;surprising 令人惊讶的;
boring 令人无聊的
-ed 形容词
感到……的(说明人的感受)
interested 感兴趣的;excited 兴奋的;
moved 感动的;surprised 惊讶的;bored 无聊的
口诀:"事物 -ing,人 -ed"。
例:The movie is exciting. We are excited about it.
【考题回放】 1. This is a _________ (surprise) result. Everyone is _________ (surprise) at it.
2. I feel _________ (bore) with the _________ (bore) talk show.
六、形容词的比较级和最高级(核心考点)
【1】规则变化
情况
规则
例词
单音节词
+er / +est;重读闭音节双写尾字母
tall → taller → tallest;big → bigger → biggest
以 e 结尾
+r / +st
nice → nicer → nicest
以"辅音 + y"结尾
y → i,再 +er / +est
happy → happier → happiest
多音节及部分双音节词
前加 more / most
important → more important → most important;
careful → more careful → most careful
【不规则变化表】(必背,语法填空常考 good / bad / many / little / far)
原级
比较级
最高级
常见搭配
good / well
better
best
do well in;had better
bad / badly
worse
worst
worse and worse
many / much
more
most
more and more
little
less
least
less than;the least
far
farther / further
farthest / furthest
further study(进一步的)
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