专题03 动词不定式和动名词 （期中复习讲义）八年级英语上学期新教材外研版

专题03 动词不定式和动名词作宾语（期中复习讲义） 01 复习目标锚定 02 核心考点精讲 03 限时分层演练 基础固本 / 综合进阶 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 动词不定式（to do）作宾语的常见动词。 2. 动名词（doing）作宾语的常见动词及介词后接动名词。 3. 既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语且意义不同的动词：forget, remember, regret, stop, continue/go on, try, mean。 4. 不定式与动名词的否定形式：not to do / not doing。 5. 重点句型：It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.；prefer A to B 等。 复习难点： 1.区分 forget/remember/regret to do 与 doing 的含义。 2. stop to do 与 stop doing 的区别。 3. try to do 与 try doing 的区别。 4. mean to do 与 mean doing 的区别。 5. 动词后接不定式还是动名词的辨析与记忆。 考情规律 词汇运用：侧重动词后接形式的辨析； 句型转换/翻译：常考固定搭配；常考不定式和动名词的用法 完形/阅读中常见 enjoy doing, finish doing, decide to do 等结构。 Unit 3 动词不定式和动名词作宾语 【用法详解】 一. 什么是宾语？ 宾语是动作的承受者，通常放在及物动词后面。宾语可以是名词、代词等。 例：I love you. (代词作宾语) 例：She plays basketball. (名词作宾语) 那么，当一个动作（动词）作为另一个动作的宾语时，该怎么办呢？ 这时，这个动词就要变成 “非谓语形式”，即动词不定式 (to do)或动名词 (doing)。 二. 动词不定式 (The Infinitive) 定义：是动词的一种非谓语形式，常跟在表示“计划、意愿、希望”等意义的动词后，用于表达具体的动作或意图，不能单独作谓语，但可以充当其他成分，比如宾语。 基本结构：肯定：to + 动词原形， 否定：not to + 动词原形 【即时训练】 1. She advised me ______ (not be) late. 2. He apologized for ______ (not come) on time. 【答案】1. not to be 2. not coming 常接不定式作宾语的动词有： learn 学会 plan 计划 decide 决定 try 尽力 choose 选择 agree 同意 refuse 拒绝 pretend 假装 offer 主动 would like / want 想要 expect 期望 hope / wish 希望 promise 承诺 afford 负担得起 prefer 喜欢 help 帮助(help to do / help do) like 喜欢(like to do / doing) continue 继续(continue to do / doing) begin / start 开始(begin / start to do / doing) 如：I would like to have a sandwich. 我想要吃一个三明治。 He wants to learn English. 他想学英语。 She tried to finish the work. 她努力完成工作。 【巧记口诀】希望同意决定学，想要拒绝选择做，都用 to do 记心窝。 【即时训练】 1. My sister wants ______ (be) a teacher. 2. We should learn ______ (solve) these problems. 3. Tina has decided ______ (sell) her car. 4. He refused ______ (buy) the gift because he thought it was too expensive. 5. The hotel offers ______ (pick up) guests from the airport for free. 6. They wish ______ (not argue) with their parents about small things anymore. 【答案】1. to be 2. to solve 3. to sell 4.to buy 5. to pick up 6. not to argue 三. 动名词 (The Gerund) 定义： 由动词变化而来，同时具有动词和名词的特征。它保留了动词可接宾语的特点，又在句中起名词的作用。常跟在表示 “喜好、习惯、避免” 等意义的动词或动词短语后，强调动作的持续性或抽象概念。 基本结构：动词 + ing 否定：not doing （1）作动词的宾语 常见的此类动词(词组)有： advise 建议 allow 允许 permit批准；许可 avoid 避免 enjoy 喜欢 finish 完成 keep 保持 mind 介意 practice 练习 give up 放弃 suggest 建议 consider 考虑 keep on 坚持 can't help 情不自禁 I have already finished reading this book. 我已经读完这本书了。 We practise speaking English daily. 我们每天练习说英语。 He enjoys reading novels. 他喜欢读小说。 【巧记口诀】享受练习完成念，介意错过保持做，都用 doing 不会错。 【即时训练】 1. They kept ______ (discuss) the details until midnight. 2. She enjoys ______ (cook) delicious meals for her family. 3. He finally finished ______ (read) that novel after a week. 4. I don't mind ______ (wait) for you for a few more minutes. 5. He practices ______ (speak) English every day. 6. He looks forward to ______ (receive) the mail. 【答案】1. discussing 2. cooking 3. reading 4. waiting 5. speaking 6. receiving （2）作介词的宾语 介词后如果接动词作宾语， 常要用动名词形式。 think about 考虑 worry about 担忧 be/get used to 习惯于 look forward to 期待 pay attention to 注意 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制订新的计划。 We're looking forward to receiving your letter. 我们盼望收到你的来信。 【即时训练】 1. He is good at ______ (swim). 2. Thank you for ______ (help) me. 3. She left without ______ (say) goodbye. 【答案】1. swimming 2. helping 3. saying 四、既可接不定式也可接动名词的词 1. 有的动词后面既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变。 如：begin, start, hate, like, love等。 He begins to read English. / He begins reading English. 他开始读英语。 2. 有些动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大。 forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事(事还没做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(事已做) remember to do sth. 记得要做某事(事还没做) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(事已做) stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事(去做另一件事) 　　　 stop doing sth. 停止做某事(不做了) try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 go on/continue to do sth. 继续去做某事(继续做不同的事) 　 go on/continue doing sth. 继续不停地做某事(同一动作的继续) 如：Don't forget to close the windows before you leave. 你离开前别忘记关窗户。 Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? 你忘了在北京机场已经见过她了吗？ 【一句话辨异】stop to do 停下去做；stop doing 停止正在做。 【易混警示】根据动作是否发生来判断用 to do 还是 doing。 【即时训练】 1. I forgot ______ (close) the window this morning. Now it's still open. 2. She remembers ______ (meet) you at the party last year. Don't you remember? 3. He regrets ______ (argue) with his mom yesterday. Now he wants to say sorry. 4. Don't forget ______ (buy) some milk on your way home. Mom needs it for breakfast. 5. He is hungry, so he stops ______ (eat) a hamburger. 6. Please stop ______ (talk) in class. The teacher is speaking. 7. My sister finished drawing a cat, then continued ______ (draw) a dog. 8. Missing this train means ______ (wait) for another two hours. 【答案】1. to close 2. meeting 3. arguing 4. to buy 5. to eat 6. talking 7. to draw 8. waiting 五、特殊情况 （1）动词不定式作宾语，置句末，前面用it指代不定式，it是形式宾语。 如：We found it difficult to understand what you said. 我们发现很难理解你所说的话。 （2）有的动词在不定式前可加上疑问词（who，what，which等）作宾语（即“动词+疑问词+to do” 结构），常见的有：show 表明、指示；know 知道；tell 告诉；teach 教；learn 学习；decide 决定。 如：Larry didn’t know how to tell her the bad news. 拉里不知道如何告诉她这个坏消息。 （3） 逻辑主语：动名词的逻辑主语可由形容词性物主代词或名词所有格构成。 如：I don’t mind his coming late.我不介意他迟到。 【即时训练】 1. We don't know where ______ (go) for a holiday. 2. I can't decide which one ______ (choose). 3. I find ______ difficult to learn English well without practicing every day. A. that B. it C. this D. one 4. ______ being late again made his teacher very angry. A. Tom B. Tom's C. Tom is D. Tom was 【答案】1. to go 2. to choose 3. B 4. B 六、口决助记 考虑建议盼原谅(`consider, suggest, look forward to, excuse, pardon` + doing) 承认推迟没得想 (`admit, delay/put off, avoid, fancy` + doing) 继续练习使欢畅 (`keep/keep on, practice, enjoy` + doing) 决定意图始希望(`decide, intend, begin/start, hope/wish/expect` + to do) 拒绝设法愿假装 (`refuse, manage, want, pretend` + to do) 特殊记忆莫相忘 (`remember, forget, stop, try` 要小心！) 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 语境优先：根据句子语境判断动作的 “具体性” 或 “习惯性”，选择不定式或动名词 I like to swim today.今天我想去游泳。→ 具体动作 vs. I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。→ 爱好 2. 避免混淆：不可仅凭动词形式判断，需结合语义。 try to open the door 表示 “努力开门（可能打不开）”， try opening the door 表示 “试着开门（看是否能打开）” 3. 与不定式的含义差异：部分动词（如 stop, start）后接不定式和动名词含义不同。 stop to do 表示 “停下来去做另一件事”，stop doing 表示 “停止正在做的事” He stopped to rest.他停下来休息。 vs. He stopped talking. 他停止说话。 4. 介词后的动名词：介词后接动词时，必须用动名词形式。 She is good at dancing. 她擅长跳舞。 基础固本练（限时：10分钟） 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．It’s great ________ (spend) holiday with my family. 【答案】to spend 【详解】句意：和家人一起度假是很棒的。固定句型“It’s+形容词+to do sth.”，意思是“做某事是……的”，这个句型里it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构，所以这里要填spend的不定式形式to spend。 2．Do you want ________ (learn) more about the Red Army. 【答案】to learn 【详解】句意：你想了解更多关于红军的事情吗？根据“want”提示，want to do sth.“想要做某事”，后接动词不定式作宾语。learn的不定式形式是to learn。 3．I wonder if you can show me how to ________ this word. (pronunciation) 【答案】pronounce 【详解】句意：我想知道你是否能给我演示如何发这个单词的音。pronunciation是名词，意为“发音；读音”，句中“how to”结构后需要接动词原形，pronunciation对应的动词形式是pronounce，意为“发音；读（单词）”，符合“how to pronounce this word”的语法和语义要求。 4．He risked ________ (lose) everything to save the rare animal. 【答案】losing 【详解】句意：他冒着失去一切的风险去拯救这只珍稀动物。固定搭配risk doing sth.表示“冒险做某事”，lose的动名词形式是losing。 5．This kind of smart fridge is very helpful for ________ (save) electricity at home. 【答案】saving 【详解】句意：这种智能冰箱对于在家节约电能十分有帮助。介词for后面需要接动名词；save的动名词形式是saving。 二、单项选择 1．We had great fun ________ in the park yesterday. A．play B．playing C．to play D．played 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天我们在公园玩得很开心。 此处是固定搭配have great fun (in) doing sth表示“做某事很开心”，空处需用动名词形式，应填playing。 2．He decided ________ a new bike. A．buy B．to buy C．buying D．bought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他决定买一辆新自行车。 句中decide to do sth.是动词短语，意为“决定做某事”，此处应该用动词不定式形式，应填to buy。 3．I find it hard ________ English movies without subtitles (字幕). A．understand B．understanding C．to understand D．understood 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我发现看懂没有字幕的英文电影很难。 固定句型“find it + 形容词 + to do sth.”，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式，意为“发现做某事是……的”。此处需要动词不定式，to understand符合这个语法结构。 4．Linda regrets ________ notes carefully in class, so she always fails to review well after school. A．not take B．took C．to not take D．not taking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：琳达后悔上课没有认真记笔记，所以她放学后总是复习不好。 regret doing sth.表示“后悔做过某事”，指动作已发生；regret to do sth.表示“遗憾要做某事”，指动作未发生。根据句意可知“没记笔记”是已发生的事实，应用动名词形式，其否定结构为not doing。应填not taking。 5．Could you please tell me how ________ a milk shake? A．make B．to make C．making D．makes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你能告诉我怎样制作奶昔吗？ 根据“how + 不定式”的固定结构，此处表示“如何做某事”，应填to make。 6．—I regret ________ you that the cat you gave away has come back with another one. —I regret ________ to your advice. I should have kept the window locked. A．to tell; not to listen B．to tell; not listening C．telling; not to listen D．telling; not listening 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我很遗憾地告诉你，你送走的那只猫又回来了，还带回来另一只。——我后悔没听你的建议。我应该把窗户锁好的。 regret to do sth.遗憾地要做某事（事情尚未做）；regret doing sth.后悔做了某事（事情已做）。第一空：说话者要告诉对方一个消息，事情尚未做，应用regret to tell；第二空：说话者后悔过去没听建议，事情已发生，应用regret not doing，即regret not listening。 三、完成句子 1．智能家居可以帮助我们在日常生活中节约大量电能。 Smart homes can help us ________ ________ lots of electricity in our daily life. 【答案】 to save 【详解】原句中“节约”是关键词，表示“节约”的动词是save，固定搭配help sb. (to) do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，此处应用动词不定式，故填to；save。 2．令他惊讶的是，这种胶水可以粘住东西，但又能轻松揭下来。多年来，没人知道该拿它做什么。 To his surprise, it could stick to things but be lifted off easily. For years, nobody knew ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 what to do with it 【详解】原句中“拿它做什么”是关键词，表示“处理、处置”的固定搭配是do with，本句考查“疑问词+to do”结构作knew的宾语，对应表达为what to do with it。 3．拖延意味着把重要的事情推迟到最后一刻。 Procrastinating means ________ ________ important things ________ the last moment. 【答案】 putting off till/until 【详解】原句中“推迟”“直到”是关键词，表示“推迟”的短语是put off；mean后接动名词，put要变为putting；“直到”可用till或者until。 4．It started ________. = It started to rain. 【答案】raining 【详解】句意：开始下雨了。“start to do sth.”和“start doing sth.”都表示开始做某事，此处应填raining。 5．You must remember: Don’t run in the classroom. (改为同义句) You must remember ________ ________ run in the classroom. 【答案】 not to 【详解】句意：你必须记住：不要在教室里跑。remember not to do sth“记住不要做某事”，改为同义句将Don’t run改为not to run。 4、 改错 改错(每句一处错误，划出并改正) 1．I want make friends with the new student. 2．He often share his snacks with me. 3．Be politely to your parents, please. 4．My hobby is play football after school. 5．She is afraid of talk in public. 【答案】1．make→to make 2．share→shares 3．politely→polite 4．play→playing 5．talk→talking 【详解】1．句意：我想和这位新同学交朋友。固定搭配want to do sth.“想要做某事”，want后面要接带to的不定式。应把make改为to make。 2．句意：他经常和我分享他的零食。主语He是第三人称单数，一般现在时里谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。应把share改为shares。 3．句意：请对你的父母有礼貌。be动词后面接形容词作表语，politely是副词。应把politely改为polite。 4．句意：我的爱好是放学后踢足球。动名词可以放在be动词后作表语，说明爱好的内容。应把play改为playing。 5．句意：她害怕在公共场合说话。固定搭配be afraid of doing sth.“害怕做某事”，of是介词，后面要接动名词。应把talk改为talking。 综合进阶练（限时：20分钟） 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Have you ever almost bumped into (撞上) someone when opening the car door without looking 1 to get out? Ju Wenxuan, an eighth-grade student from Shanghai Yangpu Bilingual School, invented a device that could help 2 such accidents. “I noticed that during busy hours when I was rushing to school and being seated in the back of a car, it was 3 to see if it was safe to open the car door,” Ju said. Ju found that there are devices that try to solve this 4 . But they usually come with the newest smart cars and can’t be added to older cars. Hoping to make a difference, Ju 5 a new device that can be used by any car. With sensor-based image recognition (传感器) technology and a distance sensor, the device can find people or cars in the wing mirror (后视镜) 6 they get closer. It will sound an alarm when the door handle is pulled if any people or cars are close. To make sure her invention would be affordable for most people, Ju made a questionnaire survey and 7 that most people wanted a device priced between 100 and 300 yuan. So she worked hard to bring down the 8 of her device, such as using as few parts as possible without lowering quality. “If my 9 can become a product used by more people, then it could reduce accidents. It could also be changed for other uses, such as keeping children 10 by sending an alarm when a stranger moves toward them,” Ju added. 1．A．secretly B．politely C．carefully D．quickly 2．A．change B．increase C．improve D．reduce 3．A．hard B．normal C．wrong D．interesting 4．A．stress B．problem C．puzzle D．doubt 5．A．worked on B．turned on C．tried on D．lived on 6．A．though B．unless C．as D．until 7．A．discovered B．compared C．recorded D．believed 8．A．shape B．colour C．size D．cost 9．A．survey B．invention C．chance D．ability 10．A．special B．lucky C．popular D．safe 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文讲述上海八年级学生Ju Wenxuan发明装置减少开车门事故，并通过调查降低成本，希望发明能造福更多人。 【详解】1．句意：你有没有曾经没仔细看就开车门下车，差点撞到人？ 结合生活场景，开车门前需要仔细观察周围。carefully“仔细地”符合语境；secretly“秘密地”、politely“礼貌地”、quickly“快速地”，语义和开车门的安全逻辑不匹配。 2．句意：来自上海杨浦双语学校的八年级学生居文轩发明了一款设备，可以帮助减少这类事故。 前文提到开门容易撞人的意外，发明设备的目的是减少事故。reduce“减少”符合语境；change“改变”、increase“增加”、improve“改善” 不符合句意。 3．句意：居文轩说：“我注意到在交通繁忙时段，我赶去上学，坐在汽车后座时，很难判断开车门是否安全。” 结合语境，坐在后座观察车外情况有难度。hard“困难的”符合语境；normal“正常的”、wrong“错误的”、interesting“有趣的”不符合语境。 4．句意：居文轩发现已经有一些设备试图解决这个问题。 前文描述开车门容易撞人的难题。problem“问题”符合语境；stress“压力”、puzzle“谜题”、doubt“怀疑”不符合语境。 5．句意：希望能带来改变，居文轩着手研发一款适用于任何车辆的新设备。 此处表示“着手研发”，work on“致力于，着手研发”符合语境；turn on“打开”、try on“试穿”、live on“依靠……生活”不符合句意。 6．句意：这款设备搭载传感图像识别技术和距离传感器，当人或车辆靠近时，后视镜内的设备可以检测到他们。 as“当……时候”引导时间状语从句，符合语境；though“虽然”、unless“除非”、until“直到”逻辑不通。 7．句意：为确保大多数人负担得起她的发明，居文轩做了问卷调查，发现大多数人希望设备价格在100到300元之间。 通过调查得到结果，用“发现”最合适， discover“发现”符合语境；compare“对比”、record“记录”、believe“相信”不符合语境。 8．句意：所以她努力降低设备的成本，例如在不降低质量的前提下，尽量少使用零件。 根据上文讨论价格，cost“成本”符合语境；shape“形状”、colour“颜色”、size“尺寸”不符合。 9．句意：如果我的发明能成为更多人使用的产品，那么它就能减少事故。 全文围绕居文轩的发明展开，invention“发明”符合语境；survey“调查”、chance“机会”、ability“能力” 不符合语境。 10．句意：它也可以改为其他用途，例如当陌生人靠近孩子时发出警报，以此保护孩子安全。 通过警报来保护孩子“安全”，safe“安全的”符合语境；special“特别的”、lucky“幸运的”、popular“受欢迎的”不符合句意。 二、阅读理解 When we talk about communication (沟通), we often think of talking with others. But do you know that we also talk with ourselves from time to time? For example, your mum asks you what you would like for breakfast. Many foods come to your mind: sandwiches, bread, milk… You think that it would be great to have sandwiches. You are talking with yourself until you tell your mum what you want to eat. We call this kind of communication “intrapersonal (内心的) communication”. This can be talking to ourselves, reading, writing, thinking, understanding and remembering something. Intrapersonal communication plays a big part in our lives. Good intrapersonal communication allows you to understand yourself better. When you’re comfortable with who you are, and you know what you want, you can better get on with yourself. Also, intrapersonal communication helps you keep an eye on your thoughts and feelings. When you find that your mind is full of bad thoughts and sad feelings, you will try to cheer up and get rid of them. What’s more, intrapersonal communication helps you to talk with others. Understanding your thoughts and feelings better lets you put yourself in others’ shoes when you talk to or listen to them. Then, you can better understand and get on with them. 1．How does the writer explain intrapersonal communication in Paragraph 1? A．By showing numbers. B．By giving an example. C．By offering some facts. D．By answering a question. 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The ways of intrapersonal communication. B．The rules of intrapersonal communication. C．The benefits of intrapersonal communication. D．The problems of intrapersonal communication. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Communication is all about talking with others. B．Intrapersonal communication will help you understand yourself better. C．When you have sad feelings, you can’t get rid of them through communication. D．Putting yourself in others’ shoes allows you to understand your feelings better. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To show us how to communicate with ourselves. B．To advise us to communicate with others more often. C．To show the importance of communicating with others. D．To introduce intrapersonal communication and its benefits. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文属于说明文，文章主要介绍内心沟通（intrapersonal communication）的概念，并且阐述内心沟通给我们带来的各种益处。 【详解】1．根据文中第一段第3句“For example, your mum asks you what you would like for breakfast.”可知，作者借助妈妈询问早餐想吃什么这个事例来解释内心沟通，也就是通过举例子的方式进行说明。 2．根据文中第三段第1句“Intrapersonal communication plays a big part in our lives.”以及本段内容可知，本段介绍内心沟通可以帮助我们更好地了解自己、管理情绪，讲述内心沟通的好处。 3．根据文中第三段第2句“Good intrapersonal communication allows you to understand yourself better.”可知，良好的内心沟通可以帮助你更好地了解自己。 4．通读全文，根据文中第一段、第二段、第三段、第四段可知，文章先介绍什么是内心沟通，再介绍内心沟通带来的各类好处。结合选项，D选项意为“介绍内心沟通以及它的益处”，符合本文写作目的。 三、选词填空 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 in reasons accept using easily if experience impossible they good Do you often get angry? Why do you get angry so 1 while your friend smiles all the time? Because different people have different personalities. Then what is personality? Personality is about how people think, act, and react (反应) to everything around 2 . So why do people think and act 3 different ways? One of the 4 is that people are born like this. Their blood type (血型) and genes (基因) may help decide what the baby will be like. But your personality doesn’t stop here. Your families, schools and many life 5 can also influence (影响) your personality. This doesn’t mean it’s 6 to change your personality. You can always try to make yourself 7 than before. So you needn’t get too worried about your shortcomings (缺点). Just 8 them. This is a good way to start making changes. 9 you don’t know how to make friends, find out why. Is it because you’re too shy? Tell yourself to smile at people. Start talking to people by 10 warm greetings. But don’t give yourself a hard time about it too much. After all, it’s not easy to change lifelong habits in one night. Keep working on it. One day you will see that you can start fresh and be a new you! 【答案】1．easily 2．them 3．in 4．reasons 5．experiences 6．impossible 7．better 8．accept 9．If 10．using 【导语】本文围绕性格展开，探讨人们易怒或温和的不同性格成因，同时给出接纳自身缺点、改变性格的可行方法。 【详解】1．句意：为什么你这么容易生气，而你的朋友总是面带微笑？此处需要一个副词，在句中修饰动词get angry，表示“容易地”。空格修饰动词短语get angry，方框内easy是形容词，副词形式为easily，能够匹配句子语法与语义，故填easily。 2．句意：性格指人们思考、行动以及对身边所有事物做出反应的方式。此处需要一个人称代词宾格，在句中作介词around的宾语，指代前文people。around为介词，介词后接人称代词宾格，they的宾格形式是them，故填them。 3．句意：那么人们以不同方式思考和行动的原因是什么？此处需要一个介词，在句中构成固定搭配，表示“以（某种方式）”。in different ways表示“用不同的方式”，匹配句子表达，故填in。 4．句意：其中一个原因是人们生来如此。此处需要一个可数名词复数，在句中作主语，表示“原因”。固定结构“one of the + 可数名词复数”，reason的复数形式为reasons，故填reasons。 5．句意：你的家庭、学校以及诸多人生经历也会影响你的性格。此处需要一个可数名词复数，在句中和families、schools并列作主语，表示“经历”。many后接可数名词复数，experience表示“人生经历”时为可数名词，复数形式是experiences，故填experiences。 6．句意：这不代表你的性格不可能改变。此处需要一个形容词，在句中作表语，表示“不可能的”。结合后文“You can always try to make yourself better than before”可知性格可以改变，impossible表示“不可能的”，贴合句子逻辑，故填impossible。 7．句意：你总能努力让自己比从前更好。此处需要一个形容词比较级，在句中作宾语补足语，表示“更好的”。句中出现比较标志词than，good的比较级形式为better，故填better。 8．句意：接纳它们就好。此处需要一个动词原形，在祈使句中作谓语，表示“接纳”。本句是以Just开头的祈使句，谓语动词使用原形，accept表示“接受、接纳”，对应前文your shortcomings，故填accept。 9．句意：如果你不知道如何交朋友，就找出背后的缘由。此处需要一个连词，引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”。后半句“find out why”是前半句假设情况对应的行动，if引导条件状语从句契合句子逻辑，故填If。 10．句意：用温暖的问候开启和他人的交谈。此处需要一个动名词，在句中作介词by的宾语，表示“使用”。介词by后接动名词，use的动名词形式为using，by using warm greetings表示“通过使用暖心问候语”，故填using。 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文并填空，然后将答案写到答题卡的相应位置（如有提示词，则填入提示词的正确形式；如无提示词，则填入1个适当的单词）。 Living and dealing with kids can be a difficult job these days, but living and dealing with parents can be even more difficult. Since I was a teenager, I 1 (learn) that communication (交流) is very important, both when you disagree and when you get along. With any relationship, you need to let other people 2 (know) your feelings. If you are not able to communicate, things will become bad. When you are mad at your parents, it is no use not talking to 3 (they). If you look up the word “communication” in a dictionary, it will say “the exchange(交换) of 4 (idea) and information”. To keep a good relationship, you must keep communication 5 (strong). Let people know how you feel, even if it’s just by 6 (write) a note. You have to make your parents feel good about how they are doing as a parent. If you are trying to make them see something as you see it, tell them that you’ll listen to what they say, but they need to listen to you first. 7 (walk) away only makes the situation (情况) worse. This is 8 example. One night, Sophie went to a street party with her friends. She knew she had to be home by midnight after the fireworks, 9 she felt it would be impolite of her to go home first. As a result, she was late getting home. Her parents 10 (be) angry at first, but when Sophie explained why she was late, they weren’t so mad. Communication is the key factor there. Problems can only be solved with communication. Just remember, if you get into a situation like Sophie’s, tell your parents how you feel. 【答案】1．have learnt/have learned 2．know 3．them 4．ideas 5．strong 6．writing 7．Walking 8．an 9．but 10．were 【导语】本文论述了亲子之间沟通的重要性，作者提出良好的关系离不开交流，逃避只会让情况更糟，并且用Sophie的事例证明，遇到问题时沟通才能解决矛盾。 【详解】1．句意：自从我十几岁起，我就明白交流是非常重要的，无论意见不合还是和睦相处。根据Since引导的时间状语从句，主句要用现在完成时，结构“have/has + 过去分词”；主语I，助动词用have，learn的过去分词为learned/learnt。故填have learned /have learnt。 2．句意：在任何关系中，你都需要让其他人知道你的感受。固定搭配let sb. do sth.，let后接不带to的动词原形作宾语补足语。故填know。 3．句意：当你生父母的气时，不和他们交谈是没用的。介词to后面要用人称代词宾格；they的宾格是them。故填them。 4．句意：如果你在字典里查“交流”这个词，它会解释为“想法与信息的交换”。idea是可数名词，和information并列，此处表泛指，要用复数形式ideas。故填ideas。 5．句意：为了维持良好的关系，你必须保持沟通顺畅有力。固定结构“keep + 名词 + 形容词”，意为“使……保持某种状态”；strong形容词，强有力的。故填strong。 6．句意：让别人知道你的感受，哪怕只是写一张便条。介词by表示方式，后面要接动名词；write的动名词形式是writing。故填writing。 7．句意：走开只会让情况变得更糟。本句缺少主语，动词作主语需要变为动名词形式；walk的动名词是walking，句首首字母大写。故填Walking。 8．句意：这就是一个例子。example是以元音音素开头的可数名词单数，表示“一个”，用不定冠词an。故填an。   9．句意：她知道烟花结束后午夜前必须回家，但是她觉得先回家是不礼貌的。前后两个分句是转折关系，“知道要按时回家”和“觉得先走不礼貌”存在转折，用连词but。故填but。 10． 句意：她的父母一开始很生气，但是当Sophie解释迟到的原因后，他们就没有那么生气了。本段叙事为一般过去时；主语parents是复数，be动词用were。故填were。 五、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题（请注意每小题的词数要求）。 No one knows when the first kite was made. The first record of a kite was more than 2, 000 years ago in China. Han Xin, the leader of an army, wanted to kill a king. So he decided to dig a tunnel (隧道) into the king’s palace. He flew a kite over the wall of the palace to make sure of the length (长度) of its string (线). In this way, he could determine (决定) how long the tunnel should be. His men in the tunnel took the kite string. When they reached the end of the string, they knew they should dig up. Japanese began to fly kites hundreds of years ago. In the 1700s, people flew kites in autumn to give thanks for a good harvest. They were also used to give good wishes to parents who had their first son. Today in Japan, people fly kites to celebrate something, such as the beginning of a new year. And kite festivals are held each year in many parts of the country. Kites have been used for scientific purposes (目的) in the western world. In 1752, Benjamin Franklin tied a key to a kite and flew it in a storm to find out whether lightning is a form of electricity. In the 1890s, Lawrence Hargrave invented the box kite to test ideas about flight. The Wright Brothers also experimented (试验) with kites. What they learned helped them make the first airplane flight in 1903. 1．How long is the history of kites according to the first record in China? (不超过5 个词) 2．Now, what’s the purpose of flying kites in Japan? (不超过10 个词) 3．Why did Benjamin Franklin fly a kite in 1752? (不超过15 个词) 【答案】1．More than 2,000 years. 2．To celebrate something. 3．Because he wanted to find out whether lightning is a form of electricity. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了风筝的起源、不同国家的用途以及它在科学上的应用。 【详解】1．根据第一段中“The first record of a kite was more than 2,000 years ago in China”可知，最早关于风筝的记载距今两千多年。答案为原文具体信息，直接提取。 2．根据第二段中“Today in Japan, people fly kites to celebrate something”可知，如今日本人放风筝是为了庆祝某些事。答案为原文具体信息，直接提取。 3．根据第三段中“In 1752, Benjamin Franklin tied a key to a kite and flew it in a storm to find out whether lightning is a form of electricity”可知，他放风筝是为了查明闪电是不是一种电的形式。答案为原文具体信息，直接提取。 六、补全对话 阅读下面对话，从下面7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成此对话，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 A: Sorry, Tom, I can’t go home with you today. I must clean the classroom. B: 1 Perhaps I can help you. A: Really? It’s so nice of you. B: 2 A: You can clean the blackboard first. B: OK. 3 A: Yes. Could you also clean the windows? B: Sure. Ah, the floor is so dirty too. A: I see. 4 B: Well, the classroom is very tidy now. A: Yeah, let’s go home now! 5 B: You’re welcome. Good friends should help each other. A．I’ll sweep it right now. B．Why don’t you do homework? C．Where should I start? D．It doesn’t matter. E．Thank you for helping me. F．Is there anything else to do? G．I’m afraid I have no time today. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．F 4．A 5．E 【导语】本文主要介绍了Tom主动留下来帮助同学打扫教室，两人分工合作将教室整理干净并一起回家的对话。 【详解】1．A因需要打扫教室而无法与Tom一起回家并表达歉意。D项“It doesn’t matter.”礼貌回应对方的歉意表示“没关系”，并自然引出后半句主动提供帮助的提议。 2．A对Tom主动提供帮助表示感谢，后文A给出了先擦黑板的具体分工建议。C项“Where should I start?”询问打扫的切入点，承接上文的感谢并引出后文的具体任务。 3．Tom同意先擦黑板后，需询问是否还需要其他协助。F项“Is there anything else to do?”询问还有没有其他任务，与下文A用“Yes”开头的肯定回答及擦窗户的要求形成紧密的问答衔接。 4．Tom指出地面也很脏，A回应“I see.”后需针对地面脏的问题采取行动。A项“I’ll sweep it right now.”明确表示立即去扫地，使后文教室变得整洁干净的情节发展合乎逻辑。 5．在教室打扫完毕准备回家时，下文Tom用“You’re welcome.”回应对方。E项“Thank you for helping me.”表达了对Tom协助打扫的感谢，与后文的礼貌客套用语形成直接对应。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 动词不定式和动名词作宾语（期中复习讲义） 01 复习目标锚定 02 核心考点精讲 03 限时分层演练 基础固本 / 综合进阶 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 动词不定式（to do）作宾语的常见动词。 2. 动名词（doing）作宾语的常见动词及介词后接动名词。 3. 既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语且意义不同的动词：forget, remember, regret, stop, continue/go on, try, mean。 4. 不定式与动名词的否定形式：not to do / not doing。 5. 重点句型：It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.；prefer A to B 等。 复习难点： 1.区分 forget/remember/regret to do 与 doing 的含义。 2. stop to do 与 stop doing 的区别。 3. try to do 与 try doing 的区别。 4. mean to do 与 mean doing 的区别。 5. 动词后接不定式还是动名词的辨析与记忆。 考情规律 词汇运用：侧重动词后接形式的辨析； 句型转换/翻译：常考固定搭配；常考不定式和动名词的用法 完形/阅读中常见 enjoy doing, finish doing, decide to do 等结构。 Unit 3 动词不定式和动名词作宾语 【用法详解】 一. 什么是宾语？ 宾语是动作的承受者，通常放在及物动词后面。宾语可以是名词、代词等。 例：I love you. (代词作宾语) 例：She plays basketball. (名词作宾语) 那么，当一个动作（动词）作为另一个动作的宾语时，该怎么办呢？ 这时，这个动词就要变成 “非谓语形式”，即动词不定式 (to do)或动名词 (doing)。 二. 动词不定式 (The Infinitive) 定义：是动词的一种非谓语形式，常跟在表示“计划、意愿、希望”等意义的动词后，用于表达具体的动作或意图，不能单独作谓语，但可以充当其他成分，比如宾语。 基本结构：肯定：to + 动词原形， 否定：not to + 动词原形 【即时训练】 1. She advised me ______ (not be) late. 2. He apologized for ______ (not come) on time. 常接不定式作宾语的动词有： learn 学会 plan 计划 decide 决定 try 尽力 choose 选择 agree 同意 refuse 拒绝 pretend 假装 offer 主动 would like / want 想要 expect 期望 hope / wish 希望 promise 承诺 afford 负担得起 prefer 喜欢 help 帮助(help to do / help do) like 喜欢(like to do / doing) continue 继续(continue to do / doing) begin / start 开始(begin / start to do / doing) 如：I would like to have a sandwich. 我想要吃一个三明治。 He wants to learn English. 他想学英语。 She tried to finish the work. 她努力完成工作。 【巧记口诀】希望同意决定学，想要拒绝选择做，都用 to do 记心窝。 【即时训练】 1. My sister wants ______ (be) a teacher. 2. We should learn ______ (solve) these problems. 3. Tina has decided ______ (sell) her car. 4. He refused ______ (buy) the gift because he thought it was too expensive. 5. The hotel offers ______ (pick up) guests from the airport for free. 6. They wish ______ (not argue) with their parents about small things anymore. 三. 动名词 (The Gerund) 定义： 由动词变化而来，同时具有动词和名词的特征。它保留了动词可接宾语的特点，又在句中起名词的作用。常跟在表示 “喜好、习惯、避免” 等意义的动词或动词短语后，强调动作的持续性或抽象概念。 基本结构：动词 + ing 否定：not doing （1）作动词的宾语 常见的此类动词(词组)有： advise 建议 allow 允许 permit批准；许可 avoid 避免 enjoy 喜欢 finish 完成 keep 保持 mind 介意 practice 练习 give up 放弃 suggest 建议 consider 考虑 keep on 坚持 can't help 情不自禁 I have already finished reading this book. 我已经读完这本书了。 We practise speaking English daily. 我们每天练习说英语。 He enjoys reading novels. 他喜欢读小说。 【巧记口诀】享受练习完成念，介意错过保持做，都用 doing 不会错。 【即时训练】 1. They kept ______ (discuss) the details until midnight. 2. She enjoys ______ (cook) delicious meals for her family. 3. He finally finished ______ (read) that novel after a week. 4. I don't mind ______ (wait) for you for a few more minutes. 5. He practices ______ (speak) English every day. 6. He looks forward to ______ (receive) the mail. （2）作介词的宾语 介词后如果接动词作宾语， 常要用动名词形式。 think about 考虑 worry about 担忧 be/get used to 习惯于 look forward to 期待 pay attention to 注意 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制订新的计划。 We're looking forward to receiving your letter. 我们盼望收到你的来信。 【即时训练】 1. He is good at ______ (swim). 2. Thank you for ______ (help) me. 3. She left without ______ (say) goodbye. 四、既可接不定式也可接动名词的词 1. 有的动词后面既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变。 如：begin, start, hate, like, love等。 He begins to read English. / He begins reading English. 他开始读英语。 2. 有些动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大。 forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事(事还没做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(事已做) remember to do sth. 记得要做某事(事还没做) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(事已做) stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事(去做另一件事) 　　　 stop doing sth. 停止做某事(不做了) try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 go on/continue to do sth. 继续去做某事(继续做不同的事) 　 go on/continue doing sth. 继续不停地做某事(同一动作的继续) 如：Don't forget to close the windows before you leave. 你离开前别忘记关窗户。 Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? 你忘了在北京机场已经见过她了吗？ 【一句话辨异】stop to do 停下去做；stop doing 停止正在做。 【易混警示】根据动作是否发生来判断用 to do 还是 doing。 【即时训练】 1. I forgot ______ (close) the window this morning. Now it's still open. 2. She remembers ______ (meet) you at the party last year. Don't you remember? 3. He regrets ______ (argue) with his mom yesterday. Now he wants to say sorry. 4. Don't forget ______ (buy) some milk on your way home. Mom needs it for breakfast. 5. He is hungry, so he stops ______ (eat) a hamburger. 6. Please stop ______ (talk) in class. The teacher is speaking. 7. My sister finished drawing a cat, then continued ______ (draw) a dog. 8. Missing this train means ______ (wait) for another two hours. 五、特殊情况 （1）动词不定式作宾语，置句末，前面用it指代不定式，it是形式宾语。 如：We found it difficult to understand what you said. 我们发现很难理解你所说的话。 （2）有的动词在不定式前可加上疑问词（who，what，which等）作宾语（即“动词+疑问词+to do” 结构），常见的有：show 表明、指示；know 知道；tell 告诉；teach 教；learn 学习；decide 决定。 如：Larry didn’t know how to tell her the bad news. 拉里不知道如何告诉她这个坏消息。 （3） 逻辑主语：动名词的逻辑主语可由形容词性物主代词或名词所有格构成。 如：I don’t mind his coming late.我不介意他迟到。 【即时训练】 1. We don't know where ______ (go) for a holiday. 2. I can't decide which one ______ (choose). 3. I find ______ difficult to learn English well without practicing every day. A. that B. it C. this D. one 4. ______ being late again made his teacher very angry. A. Tom B. Tom's C. Tom is D. Tom was 六、口决助记 考虑建议盼原谅(`consider, suggest, look forward to, excuse, pardon` + doing) 承认推迟没得想 (`admit, delay/put off, avoid, fancy` + doing) 继续练习使欢畅 (`keep/keep on, practice, enjoy` + doing) 决定意图始希望(`decide, intend, begin/start, hope/wish/expect` + to do) 拒绝设法愿假装 (`refuse, manage, want, pretend` + to do) 特殊记忆莫相忘 (`remember, forget, stop, try` 要小心！) 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 语境优先：根据句子语境判断动作的 “具体性” 或 “习惯性”，选择不定式或动名词 I like to swim today.今天我想去游泳。→ 具体动作 vs. I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。→ 爱好 2. 避免混淆：不可仅凭动词形式判断，需结合语义。 try to open the door 表示 “努力开门（可能打不开）”， try opening the door 表示 “试着开门（看是否能打开）” 3. 与不定式的含义差异：部分动词（如 stop, start）后接不定式和动名词含义不同。 stop to do 表示 “停下来去做另一件事”，stop doing 表示 “停止正在做的事” He stopped to rest.他停下来休息。 vs. He stopped talking. 他停止说话。 4. 介词后的动名词：介词后接动词时，必须用动名词形式。 She is good at dancing. 她擅长跳舞。 基础固本练（限时：10分钟） 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．It’s great ________ (spend) holiday with my family. 2．Do you want ________ (learn) more about the Red Army. 3．I wonder if you can show me how to ________ this word. (pronunciation) 4．He risked ________ (lose) everything to save the rare animal. 5．This kind of smart fridge is very helpful for ________ (save) electricity at home. 二、单项选择 1．We had great fun ________ in the park yesterday. A．play B．playing C．to play D．played 2．He decided ________ a new bike. A．buy B．to buy C．buying D．bought 3．I find it hard ________ English movies without subtitles (字幕). A．understand B．understanding C．to understand D．understood 4．Linda regrets ________ notes carefully in class, so she always fails to review well after school. A．not take B．took C．to not take D．not taking 5．Could you please tell me how ________ a milk shake? A．make B．to make C．making D．makes 6．—I regret ________ you that the cat you gave away has come back with another one. —I regret ________ to your advice. I should have kept the window locked. A．to tell; not to listen B．to tell; not listening C．telling; not to listen D．telling; not listening 三、完成句子 1．智能家居可以帮助我们在日常生活中节约大量电能。 Smart homes can help us ________ ________ lots of electricity in our daily life. 2．令他惊讶的是，这种胶水可以粘住东西，但又能轻松揭下来。多年来，没人知道该拿它做什么。 To his surprise, it could stick to things but be lifted off easily. For years, nobody knew ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 3．拖延意味着把重要的事情推迟到最后一刻。 Procrastinating means ________ ________ important things ________ the last moment. 4．It started ________. = It started to rain. 5．You must remember: Don’t run in the classroom. (改为同义句) You must remember ________ ________ run in the classroom. 4、 改错 改错(每句一处错误，划出并改正) 1．I want make friends with the new student. 2．He often share his snacks with me. 3．Be politely to your parents, please. 4．My hobby is play football after school. 5．She is afraid of talk in public. 综合进阶练（限时：20分钟） 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Have you ever almost bumped into (撞上) someone when opening the car door without looking 1 to get out? Ju Wenxuan, an eighth-grade student from Shanghai Yangpu Bilingual School, invented a device that could help 2 such accidents. “I noticed that during busy hours when I was rushing to school and being seated in the back of a car, it was 3 to see if it was safe to open the car door,” Ju said. Ju found that there are devices that try to solve this 4 . But they usually come with the newest smart cars and can’t be added to older cars. Hoping to make a difference, Ju 5 a new device that can be used by any car. With sensor-based image recognition (传感器) technology and a distance sensor, the device can find people or cars in the wing mirror (后视镜) 6 they get closer. It will sound an alarm when the door handle is pulled if any people or cars are close. To make sure her invention would be affordable for most people, Ju made a questionnaire survey and 7 that most people wanted a device priced between 100 and 300 yuan. So she worked hard to bring down the 8 of her device, such as using as few parts as possible without lowering quality. “If my 9 can become a product used by more people, then it could reduce accidents. It could also be changed for other uses, such as keeping children 10 by sending an alarm when a stranger moves toward them,” Ju added. 1．A．secretly B．politely C．carefully D．quickly 2．A．change B．increase C．improve D．reduce 3．A．hard B．normal C．wrong D．interesting 4．A．stress B．problem C．puzzle D．doubt 5．A．worked on B．turned on C．tried on D．lived on 6．A．though B．unless C．as D．until 7．A．discovered B．compared C．recorded D．believed 8．A．shape B．colour C．size D．cost 9．A．survey B．invention C．chance D．ability 10．A．special B．lucky C．popular D．safe 二、阅读理解 When we talk about communication (沟通), we often think of talking with others. But do you know that we also talk with ourselves from time to time? For example, your mum asks you what you would like for breakfast. Many foods come to your mind: sandwiches, bread, milk… You think that it would be great to have sandwiches. You are talking with yourself until you tell your mum what you want to eat. We call this kind of communication “intrapersonal (内心的) communication”. This can be talking to ourselves, reading, writing, thinking, understanding and remembering something. Intrapersonal communication plays a big part in our lives. Good intrapersonal communication allows you to understand yourself better. When you’re comfortable with who you are, and you know what you want, you can better get on with yourself. Also, intrapersonal communication helps you keep an eye on your thoughts and feelings. When you find that your mind is full of bad thoughts and sad feelings, you will try to cheer up and get rid of them. What’s more, intrapersonal communication helps you to talk with others. Understanding your thoughts and feelings better lets you put yourself in others’ shoes when you talk to or listen to them. Then, you can better understand and get on with them. 1．How does the writer explain intrapersonal communication in Paragraph 1? A．By showing numbers. B．By giving an example. C．By offering some facts. D．By answering a question. 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The ways of intrapersonal communication. B．The rules of intrapersonal communication. C．The benefits of intrapersonal communication. D．The problems of intrapersonal communication. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Communication is all about talking with others. B．Intrapersonal communication will help you understand yourself better. C．When you have sad feelings, you can’t get rid of them through communication. D．Putting yourself in others’ shoes allows you to understand your feelings better. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To show us how to communicate with ourselves. B．To advise us to communicate with others more often. C．To show the importance of communicating with others. D．To introduce intrapersonal communication and its benefits. 三、选词填空 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 in reasons accept using easily if experience impossible they good Do you often get angry? Why do you get angry so 1 while your friend smiles all the time? Because different people have different personalities. Then what is personality? Personality is about how people think, act, and react (反应) to everything around 2 . So why do people think and act 3 different ways? One of the 4 is that people are born like this. Their blood type (血型) and genes (基因) may help decide what the baby will be like. But your personality doesn’t stop here. Your families, schools and many life 5 can also influence (影响) your personality. This doesn’t mean it’s 6 to change your personality. You can always try to make yourself 7 than before. So you needn’t get too worried about your shortcomings (缺点). Just 8 them. This is a good way to start making changes. 9 you don’t know how to make friends, find out why. Is it because you’re too shy? Tell yourself to smile at people. Start talking to people by 10 warm greetings. But don’t give yourself a hard time about it too much. After all, it’s not easy to change lifelong habits in one night. Keep working on it. One day you will see that you can start fresh and be a new you! 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文并填空，然后将答案写到答题卡的相应位置（如有提示词，则填入提示词的正确形式；如无提示词，则填入1个适当的单词）。 Living and dealing with kids can be a difficult job these days, but living and dealing with parents can be even more difficult. Since I was a teenager, I 1 (learn) that communication (交流) is very important, both when you disagree and when you get along. With any relationship, you need to let other people 2 (know) your feelings. If you are not able to communicate, things will become bad. When you are mad at your parents, it is no use not talking to 3 (they). If you look up the word “communication” in a dictionary, it will say “the exchange(交换) of 4 (idea) and information”. To keep a good relationship, you must keep communication 5 (strong). Let people know how you feel, even if it’s just by 6 (write) a note. You have to make your parents feel good about how they are doing as a parent. If you are trying to make them see something as you see it, tell them that you’ll listen to what they say, but they need to listen to you first. 7 (walk) away only makes the situation (情况) worse. This is 8 example. One night, Sophie went to a street party with her friends. She knew she had to be home by midnight after the fireworks, 9 she felt it would be impolite of her to go home first. As a result, she was late getting home. Her parents 10 (be) angry at first, but when Sophie explained why she was late, they weren’t so mad. Communication is the key factor there. Problems can only be solved with communication. Just remember, if you get into a situation like Sophie’s, tell your parents how you feel. 五、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题（请注意每小题的词数要求）。 No one knows when the first kite was made. The first record of a kite was more than 2, 000 years ago in China. Han Xin, the leader of an army, wanted to kill a king. So he decided to dig a tunnel (隧道) into the king’s palace. He flew a kite over the wall of the palace to make sure of the length (长度) of its string (线). In this way, he could determine (决定) how long the tunnel should be. His men in the tunnel took the kite string. When they reached the end of the string, they knew they should dig up. Japanese began to fly kites hundreds of years ago. In the 1700s, people flew kites in autumn to give thanks for a good harvest. They were also used to give good wishes to parents who had their first son. Today in Japan, people fly kites to celebrate something, such as the beginning of a new year. And kite festivals are held each year in many parts of the country. Kites have been used for scientific purposes (目的) in the western world. In 1752, Benjamin Franklin tied a key to a kite and flew it in a storm to find out whether lightning is a form of electricity. In the 1890s, Lawrence Hargrave invented the box kite to test ideas about flight. The Wright Brothers also experimented (试验) with kites. What they learned helped them make the first airplane flight in 1903. 1．How long is the history of kites according to the first record in China? (不超过5 个词) 2．Now, what’s the purpose of flying kites in Japan? (不超过10 个词) 3．Why did Benjamin Franklin fly a kite in 1752? (不超过15 个词) 六、补全对话 阅读下面对话，从下面7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成此对话，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 A: Sorry, Tom, I can’t go home with you today. I must clean the classroom. B: 1 Perhaps I can help you. A: Really? It’s so nice of you. B: 2 A: You can clean the blackboard first. B: OK. 3 A: Yes. Could you also clean the windows? B: Sure. Ah, the floor is so dirty too. A: I see. 4 B: Well, the classroom is very tidy now. A: Yeah, let’s go home now! 5 B: You’re welcome. Good friends should help each other. A．I’ll sweep it right now. B．Why don’t you do homework? C．Where should I start? D．It doesn’t matter. E．Thank you for helping me. F．Is there anything else to do? G．I’m afraid I have no time today. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $