专题01 现在完成时（期中复习讲义）八年级英语上学期新教材外研版

专题01 现在完成时（期中复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 1-2 现在完成时 单项选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 4.聚焦易错点:命题会集中在现在完成时的一些经典易错点上。 知识点 一、现在完成时的定义 一般现在时用于表示： 1、发生过去的动作，到已结束, 对现在造成的影响或结果。 2、发生于过去的动作，持续到现在，且有可能继续持续下去。 ☞He has lost his book.他丢了他的书。(所以他到现在一直没有书) ☞He has taught in our school for 30 years.他在我们学校教书已有30年了。(他现在还在教,未来也可能继续教) 2、 基本结构 主语+助动词have/has+过去分词+…… 动词运去式规则： 1. 规则变化 · 一般在动词原形后加 -ed ，如：work -worked · 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，直接加 -d ，如：live -lived · 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i ，再加 -ed ，如：study -studied · 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写末尾辅音字母，再加 -ed ，如：stop - stopped 2. 不规则变化(详见不规则过去分词表) · 类别 · 原形—过去式—过去分词 · 不规则动词 · A—A—A · read/riːd/ — read/red/ — read/red/ · cut — cut — cut cost — cost — cost · · A—B—B · think — thought — thought lose — lost — lost · shoot — shot — shot · · A—B—C · see — saw — seen take — took — taken · ring — rang — rung forget — forgot — forgotten · · A—B—A · run — ran — run come — came — come 三、时间状语（标志词） 1. 表示“不确定的过去时间”的副词：这类词只说明动作在过去某个不确定的时间点发生了，但不说明具体何时发生，重点在于对现在的影响或结果。 already（已经）：常用于肯定句，表示动作比预期早完成。 ☞I have already finished my homework. （我已经做完作业了。） just（刚刚）：表示动作刚刚完成。 ☞He has just left the office. （他刚刚离开办公室。） yet（还，仍）：常用于否定句和疑问句，表示期待某事发生但尚未发生。 ☞Have you finished your report yet? — No, I haven't finished it yet. （你写完报告了吗？— 不，我还没写完。） ever（曾经）：常用于疑问句，询问“生平是否有过……的经历”。 ☞Have you ever been to Paris? （你曾经去过巴黎吗？） never（从不）：用于否定句，表示“生平从未有过……的经历”。 ☞I have never seen a ghost. （我从来没见过鬼。） 2. 表示“从过去持续到现在”的时间状语：这类词强调动作或状态从过去某一点开始，一直持续到现在（并可能继续下去）。 for + 一段时间（持续了……）：表示动作或状态持续了多长时间。 since + 一个时间点/过去时句子（自从……）：表示动作或状态从过去某个具体时间开始。 时间标志 结构 含义 示例 for + 时间段 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + for + 时间段 持续了…… 时间 She has lived here for five years.（她在这里住了五年了。） since + 时间点 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + since + 时间点 从…… 开始一直…… He has taught English since 2015.（他从 2015 年起就教英语了。） since + 一般过去时从句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + since + 从句 自从…… 以来一直…… I have known her since we were children.（自从我们还是孩子时我就认识她了。） so far / until now / up to now（到目前为止）：表示从过去某时到现在为止的情况。 ☞So far, we have received ten applications. （到目前为止，我们收到了十份申请。） 3. 表示“近期”的时间状语：这类词表示动作发生在“最近的过去”，与现在联系非常紧密。 recently / lately（最近）： ☞I haven't seen him lately. （我最近没见到他。） in the last/past few days/weeks/months（在过去的几天/周/月里）： ☞She has achieved a lot in the past few years. （在过去的几年里，她取得了很大成就。） 4. 在疑问句中询问“次数” How many times...? （……多少次了？） ☞How many times have you watched this movie? （这部电影你看了多少次了？） once, twice, three times... （一次，两次，三次……） ☞I have been to Beijing twice. （我去过北京两次。） 四、句型转换 肯定句 主语+ have/has +过去分词+其他 I have read the book before. 我以前就读过这本书了。 否定句 主语+ have/has + not +过去分词+其他 We haven’t lived in Harbin. 我们没有在哈尔滨生活过。 一般疑问句及其回答 Have/Has +主语+过去分词+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语+ haven’t/hasn’t — Have you lived in Harbin? 你在哈尔滨生活过吗？ — Yes, I have./No, I haven’t. 是的，住过。/不，没有。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他? Where have you lived? 注意： Not yet. 是现在完成时中一个非常经典和地道的标志性回答。 它的完整形式通常是：No, I/we/they have not (haven't) ... yet. 或 No, he/she/it has not (hasn't) ... yet. 5、 延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法 (1) 现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间(for+时间段/since+时间点)连用时应注意肯定句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。 我离开这所学校已八年了。 I’ve left this school for eight years. I’ve been away from this school for eight years. 他借用我的词典已两天了。 He has borrowed my dictionary for two days. He has kept my dictionary for two days. (2) 非延续性动词转化为延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep open be open close be closed begin/start be on come be here go be there finish be over die be dead catch a cold have a cold put on wear wake up be awake fall asleep be asleep lose not have join be in leave be away arrive/reach be 6、 区别have been to/ have gone to/have been in... 1. have been to, 表示“曾去过某地”,说话时已从某地回来或已从某地去了其他地方,总之,现在已不在某地 ☞Have you ever been to New York?你曾去过纽约吗?(人已回来) 2. have gone to, 表示“已去了某地”,说话时不在说话地点或在去某地的途中,或已到了某地,，现在还未回来. ☞Jim has gone to New York with his family.吉姆和他的家人去了纽约。(人还没回来) 3. have been in,表示“已在某地(待了多久)”,若表示“已在小地方多久”,in需用at 代替,但后面跟副词时只用have been,不需用任何介词. ☞The Greens have been in New York for three years.格林一家在纽约(生活)已有3年了。 ☞Mr.Li has been at this school for ten years.李先生在这个学校已有10年了。 ▲注意：注意遇到四个地点副词要去掉to/in， 这四个地点副词是：here ,there ,home ,abroad 7、 与现在完成时有关的特殊句式 1. It is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的动词用非延续性动词的过去式), 自从......以来已经有多长时间了. ☞It is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。 2.It is the＋序数词＋that＋现完，这是某人第几次... ☞It's the first time that I’ve seen him. 3. This/It＋形容词最高级（名词）+that＋现完， 这是某人...的最... ☞This is the best film that I've ever seen. 8、 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1. 侧重点不同 现在完成时，与现在有关的时态,属于现在时态范畴,它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have seen the film already.我已看过那部电影了。 (说明“看”这个动作发生在过去,我现在对这部电影的内容有所了解) 一般过去时，是一种过去时态,侧重于表示过去的动作,与现在无关。 I went to Nantong yesterday.昨天我去了南通。 (仅说明昨天去了南通这件事情,与现在无关) 2. 连用的时间状语不同 现在完成时，与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:already,yet,still,just,so far,in the last/past...,before,ever,never,since引出的时间和for引出的时间等。 Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in a park? 你曾经在公园里摘过花或踩过草坪吗? 一般过去时，一般过去时则常与ago,yesterday,last...,in 1990,just now等连用。 Father bought this bike five years ago. 父亲5年前买了这辆自行车。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 特殊疑问句的语序：特殊疑问词后需接 “have/has + 主语” 的陈述语序。 ❌How long have lived they here? → ✅ How long have they lived here? 2. 短暂性动词的转换：若原句用短暂性动词，变否定句或与时间段连用时，需转换为延续性动词。 ❌He borrowed the book last week. → ✅ He has kept the book for a week.）。 3. already 与 yet 的位置：already 用于肯定句，放 have/has 之后；yet 用于否定句和疑问句，放句末。 ☞I have already finished. / Have you finished yet? / I haven’t finished yet. 4. 时间点与时间段的区分：since 后接具体时间点（如 2020 年、last week），for 后接时间段（如 three days、two years），不可混淆。 ❌I have waited since two hours. → ✅I have waited for two hours. 5. 时态一致性：since 引导的从句需用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。 ☞She has changed a lot since she graduated. 解｜题｜技｜巧 解题黄金三步法 第一步：找“信号词”（关键词） 这是最快速、最有效的方法。如果句中出现以下典型的时间状语或副词，极大可能使用现在完成时： 如：Just（刚刚）, already（已经），yet（还，仍）, so far（到目前为止）, up to now（直到现在）,for + 一段时间，since+时间点等  ☞I ________ (finish) my homework already. → 看到 already，基本锁定现在完成时：I have finished my homework already. 第二步：查“时间点” 如果句子中没有明显的信号词，就看句中是否提到了一个具体的、过去的时间点。 如果有明确过去时间点 (e.g., yesterday, last night, in 1999, at that time)，一定不能用现在完成时，要用一般过去时。 如果没有明确过去时间点，并且动作与现在有关，则考虑用现在完成时。 ☞ He ________ (go) to Beijing last year. → 看到 last year（具体的过去时间），用一般过去时：He went to Beijing last year. ☞ He ________ (go) to Beijing. → 没有具体时间，只说明“他去过北京”这个经历对现在的影响（比如他了解北京），用现在完成时：He has been to Beijing. 在对话或语篇中，要结合上下文语境来判断。 如果对话发生在现在，谈论的是过去动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。 A: Why are you so happy? (现在问) B: I've just passed my exam! (刚通过考试这个过去动作导致现在很开心) 如果对话只是在单纯回忆或讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。 A: What did you do yesterday? (问昨天的事) B: I passed my exam. (只是陈述昨天发生的事) 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．I ________ this book for three weeks. I have to return it now. A．borrowed B．have kept C．have borrowed D．Kept 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这本书我借了三周了。我现在得还回去了。 考查动词时态辨析。borrowed借，过去式；have kept已经保存，现在完成时；have borrowed已经借，现在完成时；kept保存，过去式。根据“I…this book for three weeks.”可知，这里需要一个能与时间段“for three weeks”连用的延续性动词，borrow是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，keep是延续性动词，且此处强调过去发生的动作持续到现在，用现在完成时，have kept符合语境。故选B。 2．________ he ever ________the film before? A．Does; see B．Have; seen C．Did; see D．Has; seen 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他以前看过这部电影吗？ 考查现在完成时。根据“ever”和“before”可知，本句为现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词。主语为“he”需用has，过去分词用“seen”。故选D。 3．—Can you create a short video with the help of AI? —I’m not sure. I ________ it, but I will. A． wasn’t trying B．haven’t tried C．don’t try D．didn’t try 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——借助人工智能，你能制作一个短视频吗？ ——我还不确定。我还没尝试过，但我会去试试的。 考查现在完成时的用法。结合问句“Can you create a short video with the help of AI?”及答句“I’m not sure”可知，此处回复者应对对方的提问不确定，因为回复者直到现在都还没有尝试过，即对现在的影响是无法确认，时态应用现在完成时，强调从过去到现在尚未尝试过的动作，其否定结构为“haven’t/hasn’t done sth.”。故选B。 4．—Several new pocket parks ________ in Qinhuai over the years. —Great! Let’s take a walk there. A． open B．opened C．were open D．have been open 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——近些年，几个新的袖珍公园在秦淮开放了。。——太好了！让我们去那走一走。 考查时态。根据“over the years”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，且动作应是延续性动作，因此用have been open。故选D。 5．— The film Ne Zha 2 is really amazing. Have you ________ watched it? — Not ________. But I plan to watch it at the cinema this Saturday evening. A． already; just B．ever; yet C．just; already D．yet; ever 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——《哪吒2》真是令人惊喜！你看过了吗？——还没有。但是我计划这个周六晚上去电影院看。 考查现在完成时。already已经；yet还；ever曾经；just仅仅。根据“Have you...watched it?”可知，问句是含有ever的现在完成时的句子，表示“是否曾经做过某事？”，Not yet“还没有”是否定回答。故选B。 6．—Would you like to see the movie this evening? —Oh, it’s a good movie. But I ________ it already. A． haven’t seen B．have seen C．see D．will see 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你今晚想去看电影吗？——哦，这是一部好电影。但是我已经看过了。 考查动词时态。haven’t seen没有看过，现在完成时的否定形式；have seen已经看过，现在完成时的肯定形式；see看，动词原形；will see将要看，一般将来时。根据“But I...it already.”可知，此处表达的是已经看过了，所以用现在完成时，且此处表示肯定意义。故选B。 7．As a teacher, I am proud that all of my students ______ great progress in the past three years. A．made B．will make C．have made D．are making 【答案】C 【详解】句意：作为一名老师，我很自豪我的学生在过去三年里取得了巨大进步。 考查现在完成时。根据“in the past three years”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时have/has done。故选C。 8．Mr. Li ______ in this middle school for over fifteen years. All his students like him. A．teaches B．taught C．has taught D．will teach 【答案】C 【详解】句意：李老师在这所中学教书超过十五年了。他所有的学生都喜欢他。 考查动词时态。时间状语“for over fifteen years”表示动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”，故选C。 9．—________ you ever ________ wild mushrooms (野生菌) yet? —No, it’s my first time to try them. A．Have；eaten B．Did；ate C．Will；eat D．Do；eat 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你以前吃过野生菌吗？——没有，这是我第一次尝试。 考查动词时态辨析。根据“yet”以及“it’s my first time to try them”可知，问句强调的是从过去到现在为止是否有过“吃野生菌”的经历，应用现在完成时。现在完成时的一般疑问句结构为“Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他”，主语是“you”，助动词用“Have”，“eat”的过去分词是“eaten”，故选A。 10．—Mom is looking for Lily everywhere. Where is your sister? —She ________ to the library. She ________ there twice this week. A．has been; has gone B．has gone; went C．went; goes D．has gone; has been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——妈妈到处找莉莉。你妹妹在哪里？——她去图书馆了。这周她已经去过那里两次。 考查现在完成时。has gone已经去了某地，还在那儿；has been去过某地，已经回来。根据“Where is your sister?”和“She...to the library.”可知，Lily现在在图书馆，应使用has gone。第二空根据“twice this week”可知要用现在完成时表示到现在为止的经历，应使用has been。故选D。 二、完成句子 11．你们成为朋友多长时间了？ How long friends? 【答案】have you been 【详解】you“你们”；be friends“成为朋友”；根据“How long”可知句子是现在完成时（have/has+现在分词），主语you，助动词用have。故填have；you；been。 12．Three years has passed since we last saw each other. (改为同义句) It three years since we last saw each other. 【答案】has been 【详解】句意：自从我们上次见面已经过去三年了。根据“It...three years since we last saw each other.”和原句对比可知，此处应该表示“自从我们上次互相见面已经有三年了。”，可以用“It has been+时间+since…”结构替代。故填has；been。 13．My friend Amy bought a book called Gone with the Wind last year. (改为同义句) My friend Amy a book called Gone with the Wind for a year. 【答案】has had 【详解】句意：我的朋友艾米去年买了一本叫《飘》的书。原句中“bought”是过去式，表示过去发生的动作，即去年买了书。在改为同义句时，需要表达出“我的朋友艾米拥有一本叫《飘》的书已经一年了”这一意思，因此要使用现在完成时“have/has+过去分词”的结构来表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。“拥有”用“have”表示，其过去分词是“had”，故填has；had。 14．我已经学习英语7年了。 I English for 7 years. 【答案】have learned/learnt 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“已经学习”；根据英文题干和汉语提示可知，此处考查learn“学习”，动词；又根据“for 7 years”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为have/has done；主语为“I”，助动词应用have，动词learn的过去分词为learned/learnt。故填have；learned/learnt。 15．我叔叔已经来北京两周了。 My uncle Beijing for weeks. 【答案】has been in 【详解】对照中英文，缺少的中文部分是“已经来have been in”和“for weeks”可知，这里是要用现在完成时，主语“My uncle”是第三人称单数，所以have要改为has。故填has been in。 16．他借这本书两周了。 He has this book two weeks. 【答案】kept for 【详解】由句意“他借这本书两周了”可知，句中的动词为延续性动词，keep符合句意，在此意为“保有空前的has可知应用现在完成时，其谓语动词结构为“have/has done”，故第一空填过去分词kept；第二空表示动作持续一段时间，要用介词for。故填kept；for。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．—You look worried. What’s wrong? —I ________ my English book. I’ve looked for it in all places but I can’t find it ________. A．lost; nowhere B．lost; everywhere C．have lost; anywhere D．have lost; everywhere 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你看起来很担忧。怎么了？——我的英语书丢了。我到处都找过了，但是到处都找不到它。 考查时态和不定副词。根据后半句“I’ve looked for it …”（我已经找过它了），使用现在完成时（have +过去分词），表示“丢书”的动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响（书现在仍找不到）。选项C和D的“have lost”是现在完成时，符合语境，A、B选项可排除。nowhere无处；everywhere到处；anywhere任何地方。在否定句“I can’t find it”（我找不到它）中，表示“哪里都找不到”，应使用“anywhere”（任何地方），这是否定句的标准用法。故选C。 2．Zhang Yu used to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival with her family, but ________ she went abroad, she has done that with her classmates. A．after B．until C．when D．since 【答案】D 【详解】句意：张瑜以前经常和家人一起庆祝端午节，但自从她出国后，她就和同学一起庆祝端午节。 考查连词的辨析。after在……之后；until直到；when当……的时候；since自从。根据“but…she went abroad, she has done that with his classmates.”可知此处主句用了现在完成时，从句用了一般过去时，故用since，表达的意思是“自从她出国后，她就和同学一起过端午节了”，故选D。 3．Her grandfather ________ a car in 2005. He ________ the car for 20 years. A．buy; has bought B．bought; has had C．buys; has had D．bought; has bought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她的祖父在2005年买了一辆车。他拥有这辆车已经20年了。 考查一般过去时和现在完成时以及延续性动词。buy买，动词原形；bought买，动词过去式；buys买，动词三单形式；has bought已经买了，瞬间性动词；has had已经拥有，延续性动词。第一个空，根据“in 2005”可知，此句为一般过去时，空处填动词过去式作谓语，排除选项A和C；第二个空，根据“for 20 years”可知，此处强调持续拥有，需用现在完成时，且要用延续性动词。故选B。 4．—Lucy, would you like to see the movie Kung Fu Panda with us? —I’d love to, but I ________ it. A．saw B．see C．will see D．have seen 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——露西，你想和我们一起看《功夫熊猫》吗？——我很想去，但我已经看过了。 考查现在完成时。根据“but I”可知，前后表示转折关系，想去，但是因为看过，所以不去了。表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，即已看过所以不能再看，用现在完成时，结构为have/has done。故选D。 5．The movie Ne Zha 2 ________ with the public since it came out. A．has been popular B．is popular C．was popular D．will be popular 【答案】A 【详解】句意： 电影《哪吒2》自上映以来一直受到公众的欢迎。 考查现在完成时。根据“since it came out”可知，句子描述的是从过去某一时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，并且有可能继续持续下去，因此需要使用现在完成时态，has been popular表示“一直受欢迎”。故选A。 6．The number of Chinese Weibo users ________ 600 million in recent years. A．has reached B．have reached C．reached D．will reach 【答案】A 【详解】句意：近年来，中国微博用户的数量已经达到了6亿。 考查时态及主谓一致。根据“in recent years”可知，时态为现在完成时“have/has done”，且主语“The number of Chinese Weibo users”是第三人称单数形式，故助动词应用has。故选A。 7．—________ have you ________ the bike, Tom? —For three days. My parents bought it as my birthday gift. A．How soon; bought B．How soon; had C．How long; had D．How long; bought 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——汤姆，你拥有这辆自行车多久了？——三天了。我父母买它作为我的生日礼物。 考查疑问词组和动词辨析。How soon多久以后；How long多长时间；bought是buy的过去分词，为短暂性动词；had是have的过去分词，为延续性动词。根据“—…have you…the bike, Tom? —For three days.”可知，这里需要一个表示时间段的疑问词组和一个可延续的动词，How long用于询问时长，had是延续性动词，符合语境，说明询问拥有自行车的时间长度。故选C。 8．The famous writer ________ for over a hundred years, but his works still have great influence (影响) today. A．died B．has died C．was dying D．has been dead 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这位著名作家已去世一百多年，但他的作品至今仍有很大影响。 考查现在完成时的延续性动词用法。died死，过去式；has died死，现在完成时结构，瞬间性动作；was dying正在死，过去进行时结构；has been dead已经死了，现在完成时结构，延续性状态。根据“for over a hundred years”可知，此句时态为现在完成时，结构为have/has done，且需用延续性动词或状态。故选D。 9．—_________ you decided which story to read? —No, I _________. A．Did; didn’t B．Have; didn’t C．Have; haven’t D．Did; haven’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你已经决定读哪个故事了吗？——不，我还没有。 考查现在完成时和一般疑问句。根据“…you decided which story to read?”可知，动作从过去开始持续到现在，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”，主语是you，第一空应用Have；根据“No, I”可知，此处作否定回答，应表达为“No, I haven’t”。故选C。 10．They ________ France for five years. He has been used to the life there. A．have been in B．have been to C．have gone to D．have come in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他们在法国已经待了五年了。他已经习惯了那里的生活。 考查现在完成时的用法。have been in表示“在某地待了多久”，是延续性的；have been to表示“去过某地（已回来）”；have gone to表示“去了某地（未回来）”；have come in已经进来，短暂动词。根据“They...France for five years. He has been used to the life there.”可知，“for five years”是一段时间，常与延续性动词连用。这里需要表示“在法国待了五年”，所以用“have been in”。故选A。 二、句型转换 11．Tom has known me for ten years. (改为同义句) Tom has known me ten years . 【答案】 since ago 【详解】句意：汤姆认识我已经十年了。根据“for ten years”可知表示时间段也可以用“since+时间点”来替换，故此处可改为since ten years ago。故填since；ago。 12．He left his hometown two years ago to study in college. (改为同义句) He has from his hometown for two years to study in college. 【答案】 been away 【详解】句意：他两年前离开家乡去上大学。根据“for two years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，left是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，应该改为其延续性动词be away。现在完成时态的结构是“have/has done”，be的过去分词是been。故填been；away。 13．He borrowed the book last week. （改为同义句） He the book for a week. 【答案】 has kept 【详解】句意：他上周借了这本书。此处可改为“这本书他已经保存一周了”，根据“for a week”可知，句子需用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，动词需要用延续性动词keep；主语为he，应用has，keep的过去分词形式为kept，故填has；kept。 14．The students have improved their English by studying hard.  (改为一般疑问句) the students their English by studying hard? 【答案】 Have improved 【详解】句意：学生们通过努力学习提高了英语水平。原句时态为现在完成时，改为一般疑问句，助动词have要放在主语前，且首字母大写；主语后接过去分词improved。故填Have；improved。 15．Our school has already held two English year-end parties.（改为否定句） Our school held two English year-end parties . 【答案】 hasn’t yet 【详解】句意：我们学校已经举办了两场英语年终派对。结合语境和题目要求可知，现在完成时的否定形式是“主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词 + 其他”，因为主语“Our school”是第三人称单数，所以用“hasn’t”；同时，“already”要换成“yet”，“yet”用于否定句和疑问句，常放在句末。故填hasn’t；yet。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1．—I hear your uncle got good results in the 2025 Wuxi Marathon. —Exactly. He practises running every day and he ________ the Running Club for five years. A．has been to B．has taken part in C．has been in D．has joined 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我听说你叔叔在2025年无锡马拉松比赛中取得了好成绩。——确实。他每天练习跑步，并且已经加入跑步俱乐部五年了。 考查动词短语及延续性动词。has been to去过（某地）；has taken part in参加（活动，非延续性）；has been in加入（某组织，延续性）；has joined 加入（非延续性）；for five years是一段时间，要与延续性动词连用；the Running Club是组织，且需延续性表达，用has been in。故选C。 2．—Where is Millie? I haven’t seen her for ________ . —I hear that she ________ Beijing for two days. A．sometimes; went to B．sometime; has gone to C．some times; has been to D．some time; has been in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——米莉在哪里？我有一段时间没见到她了。——我听说她已经在北京待两天了。 考查短语辨析及动词时态辨析。sometimes有时候；sometime某个时候；some times几次；some time一段时间；went to动词过去式；has gone to现在完成时；has been to现在完成时；has been in呆在某地。根据“I haven’t seen her”可知，这里表示有一段时间没看到某人，需用some time表示；for two days表示“已经两天了”，为时间段，需用现在完成时表示；has gone to表示去了某地还没回来，为短暂动作，不可与时间段连用；has been to表示去过某地已回来，强调经历，也不可与时间段连用；“be in+地点”表示“待在某地（状态）”，可与时间段连用。故选D。 3．Not only the twins but also their cousin________ their hometown for half a year. A．have left B．has left C．have been away from D．has been away from 【答案】D 【详解】句意：不仅这对双胞胎，而且他们的表弟也离开家乡有半年时间了。 考查主谓一致。not only... but also...需遵循就近原则；left是短暂性动词，不能与for half a year时间段连用，故排除A和B选项；been away from是延续性动词短语，可与for half a year时间段连用。their cousin是单数，助动词需用单数形式；have为助动词原形，has为助动词三单形式。故选D。 4．You won’t know if the coat fits you until you ________ it on. A．will try B．are trying C．tried D．have tried 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你只有试穿了这件外套，才知道它是否合身。 考查动词的时态。will try一般将来时；are trying现在进行时；tried过去式；have tried现在完成时。根据“You won’t know if the coat fits you until you...it on.”可知，空处需用现在完成时，表示动作完成对未来的影响，强调“试穿”动作完成后才能知道结果。故选D。 5．This film ________ for a week and many children like it very much. A．begins B．has begun C．began D．has been on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这部电影上映一周了，许多小孩都非常喜欢它。 考查现在完成时的用法。根据“for a week”可知此句应用现在完成时“主语+have/has+done”，排除选项A和C；“for a week”表示一段时间，与一段时间连用，动词应用延续性动词，“begin”是短暂性动词，应变为“be on”。故选D。 6．My grandparents ________ for sixty years. They are living a peaceful life in the countryside. A．married B．got married C．have married D．have been married 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的祖父母已经结婚60年了。他们在乡下过着平静的生活。 考查动词时态和语态。married一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作；got married一般过去时，强调结婚的动作；have married现在完成时，表示已经结婚但不符合持续状态表达；have been married现在完成时，表示持续到现在的婚姻状态。根据“for sixty years”的时间状语，可知需用现在完成时表示持续状态。故选D。 7．The Forbidden City, now the Palace Museum, _________ to the public for more than eighty years, but I haven’t _________ there so far. A．has opened; gone B．has been open; been C．has been open; gone D．has opened; been 【答案】B 【详解】句意：紫禁城，现在的故宫博物院，已经对公众开放八十多年了，但是我至今没去过。 考查动词的时态。根据“for more than eight years”可知，此句要用现在完成时，且要用be open表示“开放的状态”；根据“haven’t…there so far”可知要用现在完成时，此处指的是没去过，用been表示。故选B。 8．—Sandy, how long have you had the iphone 14 pro? —________ a couple of days ago. I ________ it last week. A．For; bought B．For; have bought C．Since; bought D．Since; have bought 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Sandy，你用iphone 14 pro多久了？——从几天前开始。我上周买的。 考查介词辨析和一般过去时。“for+一段时间”表示“持续了多久”；“since+一段时间+ago”表示“从多久前开始”。根据第一空后的“a couple of days ago”可知， 第一空应选Since；根据“last week”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，所以第二空应选bought。故选C。 9．—When ________ your father ________ the Health Club? —Many years ago. He ________ the club for a long time. A．did, join, has joined B．has, joined, has joined C．did, join, has been in D．has, joined, has been a member of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你父亲什么时候加入健身俱乐部的？——很多年前。他加入这个俱乐部已经很长时间了。 考查时态。根据“When...your father...the Health Club?”可知，加入健身俱乐部发生在过去，用一般过去时，排除BD；根据“He...the club for a long time.”可知，强调时间的延续，用现在完成时，且动词用延续性。故选C。 10．How many travelers ________ to Shanghai Disneyland since it opened to public? A．have gone B．went C．have been D．will go 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从上海迪士尼乐园向公众开放以来有多少游客去过那里？ 考查现在完成时。根据“since it opened to public”可知，主句要用现在完成时，所以排除选项B和D；have been to表示某人曾经去过某个地方，但是现在已经回来了；have gone to表示某人已经前往某个地方，但是说话时还没有回来。结合语境可知，此处表示有多少游客去过上海迪士尼乐园，故选C。 二、完成句子 11．They have lived in Sunshine Estate since 2016. (划线部分提问) have they lived in Sunshine Estate? 【答案】 How long 【详解】句意：自2016年以来，他们一直住在阳光庄园。划线部分是“since 2016”表一段时间，疑问句用how long来提问，句首首字母h需大写。故填How；long。 12．苏州向来都以它的园林而闻名天下。 Suzhou its gardens. 【答案】has always been world-famous for 【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“向来以……闻名天下”，根据“向来”可知表示从过去到现在都存在的一种状态，要使用现在完成时，world-famous世界闻名的，be world-famous for以……世界闻名，always总是，故填has always been world-famous for。 13．我们不认识那位歌唱家，但我们听说过她。 We don’t know the singer, but we her. 【答案】have heard of 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，英文句子缺少“听说”，英文表达是hear of，动词短语，结合语境可知，此处表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构是：have/has+动词过去分词，主语we表示复数，所以应用助动词have，动词hear要变成过去分词heard。故填have heard of。 14．Jane borrowed a magazine a month ago. (保持句意不变) Jane a magazine for a month. 【答案】has kept 【详解】句意：简一个月前借了一本杂志。结合题干可知，同义句应采用现在完成时，结构是：have/has+动词过去分词，主语Jane表示单数，助动词应用has；“for+一段时间”要和延续性动词连用，borrow是非延续性动词，可转化成延续性动词keep，keep的过去分词是kept。故填has kept。 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） 1．（2018年广州中考英语压轴专题练习卷：被动语态（选择题））【2017年安徽】I am surprised at the new look of my hometown, for it _____ a lot over the years. A．changed B．changes C．will change D．has changed 【答案】D 【详解】试题分析：句意：对我的家乡的新面貌我感到吃惊，因为这几年它变化很大。A. changed 改变，过去式； B. changes第三人称单数形式； C. will change 一般将来时；D. has changed现在完成时。over the years.指最近几年即从过去到现在的几年，所以用现在完成时，故选D。 考点：考查动词的时态的用法。 2．（安徽省2019年中考英语试题）—It's ten years since we came here. —How time flies! We ____ in China for so long. A．work B．worked C．will work D．have worked 【答案】D 【详解】句意：-自从我们来到这里已经有10年了。-时间过得真快啊！我们在中国工作了这么长时间了。work工作，动词原形；worked工作，一般过去时；will work一般将来时；have worked现在完成时。根据对话的情景以及句中的时间状语for so long可知，这里表示从过去一直持续到现在的一个动作，应用现在完成时，故选D。 3．（安徽省2020年中考英语试题）— The air here is much fresher than before. —Exactly! We a lot of trees in the past few years. A．planted B．were planting C．have planted D．will plant 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这里的空气比以前新鲜多了。——确实！在过去的几年里，我们种了很多树。 考查现在完成时。A：一般过去时；B：过去进行时；C：现在完成时；D：一般将来时。分析句子可知，此处强调过去种的树使现在的空气更清新，强调对现在的影响，所以应用现在完成时，in the past+一段时间，用于现在完成时态的句子中，故选C。 4．（2021年安徽省合肥市第四十二中学中考一模英语试题）—Have you ever been to Shanghai, Mary? —Yes. I ________ there for three days with my parents last month. A．have gone B．have been C．went D．was 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——玛丽，你去过上海吗？——是的。上个月我和父母在那里待了三天。 考查时态。根据空处句尾“last month”可知，强调动作是过去发生，用动词过去式，排除选项A和B；根据“for three days”可知，空处动词为延续性动词，排除选项C，此处应该用was。故选D。 5．（内蒙古呼和浩特市2017年中考英语试题）— Do you know her well? — Sure. We ______ friends since ten years ago. A．were B．became C．have become D．have been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你很了解她吗？——当然。自从十年前我们就是朋友了。 考查动词时态及延续性动词。根据“since ten years ago”可知，表示从过去某个时间一直延续到现在，有可能继续延续下去，用现在完成时have/has done的结构，且动词要用延续性动词。become是短暂性动词，故选D。 6．（湖北省襄阳市2017年中考英语试题）— Over 100 countries and organizations ________ warm support to the Belt and Road initiative(倡议) since 2013. — Wonderful! Our circle of friends is growing bigger! A．give B．have given C．gave D．will give 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 2013年以来，100多个国家和组织积极支持“一带一路”建设。—— 太棒了！我们的朋友圈越来越大！ 考查现在完成时。根据“since 2013”可知，此句时态用现在完成时，因此have given符合句意。故选B。 7．（贵州省黔东南州2017年中考英语试题）—How long ________ you ________ in Liping, Mr Green? —Since last month. A．did; come B．do; come C．have; come D．have; been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——格林先生, 你在黎平待了多久了? ——从上个月开始。 考查动词时态。根据“Since last month.”可知，此处的时态为现在完成时，结构为：have/has done；come为短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用，要换成be in，be的过去分词为been。故选D。 8．（八年级语法训练通用版-2现在完成时和过去完成时（巩固练））—Can you find our city ____________ a lot in recent years? —Yes. The road is wider and the buildings are taller. A．has changed B．changes C．changed D．will change 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能发现我们的城市近年来变化很大吗？——对。道路更宽，建筑物更高。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“in recent years”可知，此处是现在完成时，其结构是have/has done的形式，主语是our city是单数，助动词用has，change是动词，变化，过去分词是changed，故选A。 9．（2022年四川省达州市中考英语真题）— Bruce ________ so much in the past two years. — Yeah, he ________ be shy, but now he is confident and active. A．has changed; used to B．changed; is used to C．changed; used to D．has changed; is used to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——布鲁斯在过去的两年中变化很大。——是的，他以前很害羞，但现在他很自信和积极。 考查时态。第一处根据“in the past two years”可知，用现在完成时，排除BC；第二处根据“but now he is confident and active”可知，强调与现在的对比，用used to be结构，是一般过去时。be used to do sth“被用来做某事”，不符合语境。故选A。 10．（2022年江苏省扬州市中考英语真题）—May I speak to Wang Li? —Sorry, she is not at home. She ________ since last month. A．left B．has left C．has been away D．went away 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我可以和王丽说话吗？——对不起，她不在家。从上个月开始，她就离开了。 考查时态。根据“since last month”可知句子应使用现在完成时have/has done，排除AD；且此处应用延续性动词，而left“离开”是非延续动词，排除B。故选C。 11．（2022年湖北省鄂州市中考英语真题）—Would you like to see the movie Changjin Lake this evening? —Oh, it’s a good movie. But I _________ it already. A．saw B．have seen C．see D．will see 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——今晚你想看电影《长津湖》吗？——哦，那是一部好电影。但是我已经看过了。 考查时态。根据“already”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，使用现在完成时have/has done。故选B。 12．（2024年安徽省中考英语真题）—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I ________ mine behind. —Sure. Here you are. A．leave B．have left C．will leave D．was leaving 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——对不起，我可以用一下你的字典吗？我把我的落下了。——当然。给你。 考查动词时态。分析句子可知，字典落下了，所以借用对方的，强调过去的动作对现在造成了影响，应为现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选B。 13．（2024年甘肃省临夏州中考英语真题）Mr. Green ________ China for five years. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has come to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：格林先生在中国已经五年了。 考查现在完成时。has been to去过，是短暂性动词；has gone to去了，是短暂性动词；has been in在，是延续性动词；has come to已经来到，是短暂性动词。此处与“for five years”连用，故用延续性动词或者表示延续性状态的短语，故选C。 14．（2024年江苏省镇江市中考英语真题）So far, some of the dialects (方言) ________ in use for thousands of years. They are full of local color. A．were B．are C．have been D．will be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到目前为止，一些方言已经使用了数千年。它们充满了地方色彩。 考查动词时态。根据句中的时间状语“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，排除A、B和D选项。故选C。 15．（2024年西藏中考英语真题）Red Star Over China（《红星照耀中国》）is a great book. I ________ it three times already. A．read B．reads C．has read D．have read 【答案】D 【详解】句意：《红星照耀中国》是一本好书。我已经读了三遍了。 考查现在完成时。根据“already”可知，句子应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语“I”对应的助动词是“have”，故选D。 16．（2024年四川省广元市中考英语真题）Panda Yaya ________ to Beijing Zoo for over one year. She is taken good care of there. A．was back B．came back C．has come back D．has been back 【答案】D 【详解】句意：熊猫丫丫已经回到北京动物园一年多了。她在那里受到很好的照顾。 考查现在完成时。根据“for over one year”可知，本句应用现在完成时，排除AB；和一段时间连用，现在完成时的谓语动词需要是延续性动词，come是短暂性动词，排除C。故选D。 17．（2024年四川省阿坝州、甘孜州中考英语真题）I ________ movies since I first went to the cinema. A．love B．loved C．am loving D．have loved 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从我第一次去电影院以来，我就喜欢上了电影。 考查时态。根据“since I first went to the cinema.”可知主句用现在完成时“have/has done”。故选D。 18．（2023年上海市中考英语真题）—Kitty, will you go to the flower show with me tomorrow? —Thank you for asking, but I ________ there already. A．had been B．was C．have been D．will be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——基蒂，明天你愿意和我一起去看花展吗？——谢谢你的邀请，但我已经去过那里了。 考查现在完成时。根据“already”可知，时态是现在完成时have/has done，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。故选C。 19．（2024年江苏省南京市中考英语真题）Most people agree that smart technology ________ a big part of society so far. A．become B．became C．has become D．is becoming 【答案】C 【详解】句意：大多数人都认为到目前为止，智能技术已经成为社会的重要组成部分。 考查时态。根据“so far”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done。故选C。 20．（2025年江苏省无锡市中考真题试题）The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years. A．has started B．has been in C．has stopped D．has been out of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：治疗中心位于高街，已经服务了10多年。 考查动词和动词短语。has started开始，start是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间连用；has been in一直在……中，强调状态从过去持续到现在；has stopped停止，stop是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间连用；has been out of一直在……之外，强调状态从过去持续到现在。根据“for over 10 years”可知，此处不能使用短暂性动词start和stop，排除A、C；结合“The therapy centre is on High Street and it ... service for over 10 years.”可知，治疗中心一直提供服务超过10年，应该用has been in。故选B。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 现在完成时（期中复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 1-2 现在完成时 单项选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 4.聚焦易错点:命题会集中在现在完成时的一些经典易错点上。 知识点 一、现在完成时的定义 一般现在时用于表示： 1、发生过去的动作，到已结束, 对现在造成的影响或结果。 2、发生于过去的动作，持续到现在，且有可能继续持续下去。 ☞He has lost his book.他丢了他的书。(所以他到现在一直没有书) ☞He has taught in our school for 30 years.他在我们学校教书已有30年了。(他现在还在教,未来也可能继续教) 2、 基本结构 主语+助动词have/has+过去分词+…… 动词运去式规则： 1. 规则变化 · 一般在动词原形后加 -ed ，如：work -worked · 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，直接加 -d ，如：live -lived · 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i ，再加 -ed ，如：study -studied · 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写末尾辅音字母，再加 -ed ，如：stop - stopped 2. 不规则变化(详见不规则过去分词表) · 类别 · 原形—过去式—过去分词 · 不规则动词 · A—A—A · read/riːd/ — read/red/ — read/red/ · cut — cut — cut cost — cost — cost · · A—B—B · think — thought — thought lose — lost — lost · shoot — shot — shot · · A—B—C · see — saw — seen take — took — taken · ring — rang — rung forget — forgot — forgotten · · A—B—A · run — ran — run come — came — come 三、时间状语（标志词） 1. 表示“不确定的过去时间”的副词：这类词只说明动作在过去某个不确定的时间点发生了，但不说明具体何时发生，重点在于对现在的影响或结果。 already（已经）：常用于肯定句，表示动作比预期早完成。 ☞I have already finished my homework. （我已经做完作业了。） just（刚刚）：表示动作刚刚完成。 ☞He has just left the office. （他刚刚离开办公室。） yet（还，仍）：常用于否定句和疑问句，表示期待某事发生但尚未发生。 ☞Have you finished your report yet? — No, I haven't finished it yet. （你写完报告了吗？— 不，我还没写完。） ever（曾经）：常用于疑问句，询问“生平是否有过……的经历”。 ☞Have you ever been to Paris? （你曾经去过巴黎吗？） never（从不）：用于否定句，表示“生平从未有过……的经历”。 ☞I have never seen a ghost. （我从来没见过鬼。） 2. 表示“从过去持续到现在”的时间状语：这类词强调动作或状态从过去某一点开始，一直持续到现在（并可能继续下去）。 for + 一段时间（持续了……）：表示动作或状态持续了多长时间。 since + 一个时间点/过去时句子（自从……）：表示动作或状态从过去某个具体时间开始。 时间标志 结构 含义 示例 for + 时间段 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + for + 时间段 持续了…… 时间 She has lived here for five years.（她在这里住了五年了。） since + 时间点 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + since + 时间点 从…… 开始一直…… He has taught English since 2015.（他从 2015 年起就教英语了。） since + 一般过去时从句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + since + 从句 自从…… 以来一直…… I have known her since we were children.（自从我们还是孩子时我就认识她了。） so far / until now / up to now（到目前为止）：表示从过去某时到现在为止的情况。 ☞So far, we have received ten applications. （到目前为止，我们收到了十份申请。） 3. 表示“近期”的时间状语：这类词表示动作发生在“最近的过去”，与现在联系非常紧密。 recently / lately（最近）： ☞I haven't seen him lately. （我最近没见到他。） in the last/past few days/weeks/months（在过去的几天/周/月里）： ☞She has achieved a lot in the past few years. （在过去的几年里，她取得了很大成就。） 4. 在疑问句中询问“次数” How many times...? （……多少次了？） ☞How many times have you watched this movie? （这部电影你看了多少次了？） once, twice, three times... （一次，两次，三次……） ☞I have been to Beijing twice. （我去过北京两次。） 四、句型转换 肯定句 主语+ have/has +过去分词+其他 I have read the book before. 我以前就读过这本书了。 否定句 主语+ have/has + not +过去分词+其他 We haven’t lived in Harbin. 我们没有在哈尔滨生活过。 一般疑问句及其回答 Have/Has +主语+过去分词+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语+ haven’t/hasn’t — Have you lived in Harbin? 你在哈尔滨生活过吗？ — Yes, I have./No, I haven’t. 是的，住过。/不，没有。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他? Where have you lived? 注意： Not yet. 是现在完成时中一个非常经典和地道的标志性回答。 它的完整形式通常是：No, I/we/they have not (haven't) ... yet. 或 No, he/she/it has not (hasn't) ... yet. 5、 延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法 (1) 现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间(for+时间段/since+时间点)连用时应注意肯定句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。 我离开这所学校已八年了。 I’ve left this school for eight years. I’ve been away from this school for eight years. 他借用我的词典已两天了。 He has borrowed my dictionary for two days. He has kept my dictionary for two days. (2) 非延续性动词转化为延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep open be open close be closed begin/start be on come be here go be there finish be over die be dead catch a cold have a cold put on wear wake up be awake fall asleep be asleep lose not have join be in leave be away arrive/reach be 6、 区别have been to/ have gone to/have been in... 1. have been to, 表示“曾去过某地”,说话时已从某地回来或已从某地去了其他地方,总之,现在已不在某地 ☞Have you ever been to New York?你曾去过纽约吗?(人已回来) 2. have gone to, 表示“已去了某地”,说话时不在说话地点或在去某地的途中,或已到了某地,，现在还未回来. ☞Jim has gone to New York with his family.吉姆和他的家人去了纽约。(人还没回来) 3. have been in,表示“已在某地(待了多久)”,若表示“已在小地方多久”,in需用at 代替,但后面跟副词时只用have been,不需用任何介词. ☞The Greens have been in New York for three years.格林一家在纽约(生活)已有3年了。 ☞Mr.Li has been at this school for ten years.李先生在这个学校已有10年了。 ▲注意：注意遇到四个地点副词要去掉to/in， 这四个地点副词是：here ,there ,home ,abroad 7、 与现在完成时有关的特殊句式 1. It is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的动词用非延续性动词的过去式), 自从......以来已经有多长时间了. ☞It is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。 2.It is the＋序数词＋that＋现完，这是某人第几次... ☞It's the first time that I’ve seen him. 3. This/It＋形容词最高级（名词）+that＋现完， 这是某人...的最... ☞This is the best film that I've ever seen. 8、 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1. 侧重点不同 现在完成时，与现在有关的时态,属于现在时态范畴,它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have seen the film already.我已看过那部电影了。 (说明“看”这个动作发生在过去,我现在对这部电影的内容有所了解) 一般过去时，是一种过去时态,侧重于表示过去的动作,与现在无关。 I went to Nantong yesterday.昨天我去了南通。 (仅说明昨天去了南通这件事情,与现在无关) 2. 连用的时间状语不同 现在完成时，与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:already,yet,still,just,so far,in the last/past...,before,ever,never,since引出的时间和for引出的时间等。 Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in a park? 你曾经在公园里摘过花或踩过草坪吗? 一般过去时，一般过去时则常与ago,yesterday,last...,in 1990,just now等连用。 Father bought this bike five years ago. 父亲5年前买了这辆自行车。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 特殊疑问句的语序：特殊疑问词后需接 “have/has + 主语” 的陈述语序。 ❌How long have lived they here? → ✅ How long have they lived here? 2. 短暂性动词的转换：若原句用短暂性动词，变否定句或与时间段连用时，需转换为延续性动词。 ❌He borrowed the book last week. → ✅ He has kept the book for a week.）。 3. already 与 yet 的位置：already 用于肯定句，放 have/has 之后；yet 用于否定句和疑问句，放句末。 ☞I have already finished. / Have you finished yet? / I haven’t finished yet. 4. 时间点与时间段的区分：since 后接具体时间点（如 2020 年、last week），for 后接时间段（如 three days、two years），不可混淆。 ❌I have waited since two hours. → ✅I have waited for two hours. 5. 时态一致性：since 引导的从句需用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。 ☞She has changed a lot since she graduated. 解｜题｜技｜巧 解题黄金三步法 第一步：找“信号词”（关键词） 这是最快速、最有效的方法。如果句中出现以下典型的时间状语或副词，极大可能使用现在完成时： 如：Just（刚刚）, already（已经），yet（还，仍）, so far（到目前为止）, up to now（直到现在）,for + 一段时间，since+时间点等  ☞I ________ (finish) my homework already. → 看到 already，基本锁定现在完成时：I have finished my homework already. 第二步：查“时间点” 如果句子中没有明显的信号词，就看句中是否提到了一个具体的、过去的时间点。 如果有明确过去时间点 (e.g., yesterday, last night, in 1999, at that time)，一定不能用现在完成时，要用一般过去时。 如果没有明确过去时间点，并且动作与现在有关，则考虑用现在完成时。 ☞ He ________ (go) to Beijing last year. → 看到 last year（具体的过去时间），用一般过去时：He went to Beijing last year. ☞ He ________ (go) to Beijing. → 没有具体时间，只说明“他去过北京”这个经历对现在的影响（比如他了解北京），用现在完成时：He has been to Beijing. 在对话或语篇中，要结合上下文语境来判断。 如果对话发生在现在，谈论的是过去动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。 A: Why are you so happy? (现在问) B: I've just passed my exam! (刚通过考试这个过去动作导致现在很开心) 如果对话只是在单纯回忆或讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。 A: What did you do yesterday? (问昨天的事) B: I passed my exam. (只是陈述昨天发生的事) 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．I ________ this book for three weeks. I have to return it now. A．borrowed B．have kept C．have borrowed D．Kept 2．________ he ever ________the film before? A．Does; see B．Have; seen C．Did; see D．Has; seen 3．—Can you create a short video with the help of AI? —I’m not sure. I ________ it, but I will. A． wasn’t trying B．haven’t tried C．don’t try D．didn’t try 4．—Several new pocket parks ________ in Qinhuai over the years. —Great! Let’s take a walk there. A． open B．opened C．were open D．have been open 5．— The film Ne Zha 2 is really amazing. Have you ________ watched it? — Not ________. But I plan to watch it at the cinema this Saturday evening. A． already; just B．ever; yet C．just; already D．yet; ever 6．—Would you like to see the movie this evening? —Oh, it’s a good movie. But I ________ it already. A． haven’t seen B．have seen C．see D．will see 7．As a teacher, I am proud that all of my students ______ great progress in the past three years. A．made B．will make C．have made D．are making 8．Mr. Li ______ in this middle school for over fifteen years. All his students like him. A．teaches B．taught C．has taught D．will teach 9．—________ you ever ________ wild mushrooms (野生菌) yet? —No, it’s my first time to try them. A．Have；eaten B．Did；ate C．Will；eat D．Do；eat 10．—Mom is looking for Lily everywhere. Where is your sister? —She ________ to the library. She ________ there twice this week. A．has been; has gone B．has gone; went C．went; goes D．has gone; has been 二、完成句子 11．你们成为朋友多长时间了？ How long friends? 12．Three years has passed since we last saw each other. (改为同义句) It three years since we last saw each other. 13．My friend Amy bought a book called Gone with the Wind last year. (改为同义句) My friend Amy a book called Gone with the Wind for a year. 14．我已经学习英语7年了。 I English for 7 years. 15．我叔叔已经来北京两周了。 My uncle Beijing for weeks. 16．他借这本书两周了。 He has this book two weeks. 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．—You look worried. What’s wrong? —I ________ my English book. I’ve looked for it in all places but I can’t find it ________. A．lost; nowhere B．lost; everywhere C．have lost; anywhere D．have lost; everywhere 2．Zhang Yu used to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival with her family, but ________ she went abroad, she has done that with her classmates. A．after B．until C．when D．since 3．Her grandfather ________ a car in 2005. He ________ the car for 20 years. A．buy; has bought B．bought; has had C．buys; has had D．bought; has bought 4．—Lucy, would you like to see the movie Kung Fu Panda with us? —I’d love to, but I ________ it. A．saw B．see C．will see D．have seen 5．The movie Ne Zha 2 ________ with the public since it came out. A．has been popular B．is popular C．was popular D．will be popular 6．The number of Chinese Weibo users ________ 600 million in recent years. A．has reached B．have reached C．reached D．will reach 7．—________ have you ________ the bike, Tom? —For three days. My parents bought it as my birthday gift. A．How soon; bought B．How soon; had C．How long; had D．How long; bought 8．The famous writer ________ for over a hundred years, but his works still have great influence (影响) today. A．died B．has died C．was dying D．has been dead 9．—_________ you decided which story to read? —No, I _________. A．Did; didn’t B．Have; didn’t C．Have; haven’t D．Did; haven’t 10．They ________ France for five years. He has been used to the life there. A．have been in B．have been to C．have gone to D．have come in 二、句型转换 11．Tom has known me for ten years. (改为同义句) Tom has known me ten years . 12．He left his hometown two years ago to study in college. (改为同义句) He has from his hometown for two years to study in college. 13．He borrowed the book last week. （改为同义句） He the book for a week. 14．The students have improved their English by studying hard.  (改为一般疑问句) the students their English by studying hard? 15．Our school has already held two English year-end parties.（改为否定句） Our school held two English year-end parties . 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1．—I hear your uncle got good results in the 2025 Wuxi Marathon. —Exactly. He practises running every day and he ________ the Running Club for five years. A．has been to B．has taken part in C．has been in D．has joined 2．—Where is Millie? I haven’t seen her for ________ . —I hear that she ________ Beijing for two days. A．sometimes; went to B．sometime; has gone to C．some times; has been to D．some time; has been in 3．Not only the twins but also their cousin________ their hometown for half a year. A．have left B．has left C．have been away from D．has been away from 4．You won’t know if the coat fits you until you ________ it on. A．will try B．are trying C．tried D．have tried 5．This film ________ for a week and many children like it very much. A．begins B．has begun C．began D．has been on 6．My grandparents ________ for sixty years. They are living a peaceful life in the countryside. A．married B．got married C．have married D．have been married 7．The Forbidden City, now the Palace Museum, _________ to the public for more than eighty years, but I haven’t _________ there so far. A．has opened; gone B．has been open; been C．has been open; gone D．has opened; been 8．—Sandy, how long have you had the iphone 14 pro? —________ a couple of days ago. I ________ it last week. A．For; bought B．For; have bought C．Since; bought D．Since; have bought 9．—When ________ your father ________ the Health Club? —Many years ago. He ________ the club for a long time. A．did, join, has joined B．has, joined, has joined C．did, join, has been in D．has, joined, has been a member of 10．How many travelers ________ to Shanghai Disneyland since it opened to public? A．have gone B．went C．have been D．will go 二、完成句子 11．They have lived in Sunshine Estate since 2016. (划线部分提问) have they lived in Sunshine Estate? 12．苏州向来都以它的园林而闻名天下。 Suzhou its gardens. 13．我们不认识那位歌唱家，但我们听说过她。 We don’t know the singer, but we her. 14．Jane borrowed a magazine a month ago. (保持句意不变) Jane a magazine for a month. 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） 1．（2018年广州中考英语压轴专题练习卷：被动语态（选择题））【2017年安徽】I am surprised at the new look of my hometown, for it _____ a lot over the years. A．changed B．changes C．will change D．has changed 2．（安徽省2019年中考英语试题）—It's ten years since we came here. —How time flies! We ____ in China for so long. A．work B．worked C．will work D．have worked 3．（安徽省2020年中考英语试题）— The air here is much fresher than before. —Exactly! We a lot of trees in the past few years. A．planted B．were planting C．have planted D．will plant 4．（2021年安徽省合肥市第四十二中学中考一模英语试题）—Have you ever been to Shanghai, Mary? —Yes. I ________ there for three days with my parents last month. A．have gone B．have been C．went D．was 5．（内蒙古呼和浩特市2017年中考英语试题）— Do you know her well? — Sure. We ______ friends since ten years ago. A．were B．became C．have become D．have been 6．（湖北省襄阳市2017年中考英语试题）— Over 100 countries and organizations ________ warm support to the Belt and Road initiative(倡议) since 2013. — Wonderful! Our circle of friends is growing bigger! A．give B．have given C．gave D．will give 7．（贵州省黔东南州2017年中考英语试题）—How long ________ you ________ in Liping, Mr Green? —Since last month. A．did; come B．do; come C．have; come D．have; been 8．（八年级语法训练通用版-2现在完成时和过去完成时（巩固练））—Can you find our city ____________ a lot in recent years? —Yes. The road is wider and the buildings are taller. A．has changed B．changes C．changed D．will change 9．（2022年四川省达州市中考英语真题）— Bruce ________ so much in the past two years. — Yeah, he ________ be shy, but now he is confident and active. A．has changed; used to B．changed; is used to C．changed; used to D．has changed; is used to 10．（2022年江苏省扬州市中考英语真题）—May I speak to Wang Li? —Sorry, she is not at home. She ________ since last month. A．left B．has left C．has been away D．went away 11．（2022年湖北省鄂州市中考英语真题）—Would you like to see the movie Changjin Lake this evening? —Oh, it’s a good movie. But I _________ it already. A．saw B．have seen C．see D．will see 12．（2024年安徽省中考英语真题）—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I ________ mine behind. —Sure. Here you are. A．leave B．have left C．will leave D．was leaving 13．（2024年甘肃省临夏州中考英语真题）Mr. Green ________ China for five years. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has come to 14．（2024年江苏省镇江市中考英语真题）So far, some of the dialects (方言) ________ in use for thousands of years. They are full of local color. A．were B．are C．have been D．will be 15．（2024年西藏中考英语真题）Red Star Over China（《红星照耀中国》）is a great book. I ________ it three times already. A．read B．reads C．has read D．have read 16．（2024年四川省广元市中考英语真题）Panda Yaya ________ to Beijing Zoo for over one year. She is taken good care of there. A．was back B．came back C．has come back D．has been back 17．（2024年四川省阿坝州、甘孜州中考英语真题）I ________ movies since I first went to the cinema. A．love B．loved C．am loving D．have loved 18．（2023年上海市中考英语真题）—Kitty, will you go to the flower show with me tomorrow? —Thank you for asking, but I ________ there already. A．had been B．was C．have been D．will be 19．（2024年江苏省南京市中考英语真题）Most people agree that smart technology ________ a big part of society so far. A．become B．became C．has become D．is becoming 20．（2025年江苏省无锡市中考真题试题）The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years. A．has started B．has been in C．has stopped D．has been out of 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $