内容正文:
人教英语八年级上册知识点笔记
Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 家,甜蜜的家
重点单词
序号
单词·词性·音标·释义
拓展讲解
1
pack v. /pæk/ 打包;收拾
pack up 打包;pack sth into 把……装入
2
bathroom n. /ˈbɑːθruːm/ 浴室;洗手间
bath + room
3
bedroom n. /ˈbedruːm/ 卧室
bed + room;living room 客厅
4
invite v. /ɪnˈvaɪt/ 邀请
invitation n. 邀请;invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做
5
arrival n. /əˈraɪvl/ 到达
arrive v. 到达;on arrival 一到达就
6
yet adv. /jet/ 还(否定/疑问) conj. 但是
现在完成时标志词;not yet 还没
7
add v. /æd/ 添加;加
add...to... 把……加到;add to 增加;add up to 总计
8
biscuit n. /ˈbɪskɪt/ 饼干
复数 biscuits;美式 cookie
9
borrow v. /ˈbɒrəʊ/ 借
borrow sth from sb 从某人处借;非延续性动词
10
plan v.&n. /plæn/ 策划;打算 n. 计划
plan to do sth 计划做;make a plan 制订计划
11
treasure n. /ˈtreʒə/ 宝物;财富 v. 珍视
treasure hunt 寻宝游戏
12
hunt n.&v. /hʌnt/ 搜寻;狩猎
go hunting 去打猎;hunt for 寻找
13
lift n. /lɪft/ 搭便车;电梯 v. 举起
give sb a lift 让某人搭便车;美式 elevator
14
until prep.&conj. /ənˈtɪl/ 到……时;直到……为止
not...until 直到……才;延续性动词+until
15
movie n. /ˈmuːvi/ 电影
go to the movies 去看电影;同义 film
16
dead adj. /ded/ 不运行的;死的
die v. 死;death n. 死亡;dying 垂死的
17
note n. /nəʊt/ 笔记;便条 v. 注意
take notes 做笔记;note down 记下
18
community n. /kəˈmjuːnəti/ 社区;社团
community center 社区中心
19
rubbish n. /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ 垃圾
不可数名词;take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
20
almost adv. /ˈɔːlməʊst/ 差不多;几乎
修饰动词/形容词/副词/名词
21
journey n. /ˈdʒɜːni/ 旅行;历程
较正式,指长途旅行;a long journey 长途旅行
22
pull v.&n. /pʊl/ 拉;拖;拽
反义词 push;pull together 齐心协力
23
familiar adj. /fəˈmɪliə/ 熟悉的
be familiar with 对……熟悉;be familiar to 为……所熟悉
24
joke n. /dʒəʊk/ 笑话 v. 开玩笑
play a joke on sb 开某人玩笑;tell jokes 讲笑话
25
several pron. /ˈsevrəl/ 几个;一些
修饰可数名词复数;several times 几次
26
nod v.&n. /nɒd/ 点(头)
过去式 nodded;nod to sb 向某人点头
27
writer n. /ˈraɪtə/ 作者
write v. 写;同义词 author
28
text n. /tekst/ 正文;文本 v. 发短信
text message 短信;text sb 给某人发短信
29
describe v. /dɪˈskraɪb/ 描述;形容
description n. 描述;describe...as... 把……描述为
30
wherever adv.&conj. /weərˈevə/ 无论去哪里
where + ever;类似:whenever, however
31
matter v. /ˈmætə/ 要紧 n. 问题
It doesn't matter. 没关系。What's the matter? 怎么了?
32
perhaps adv. /pəˈhæps/ 也许;可能
同义 maybe, probably;常位于句首
33
plate n. /pleɪt/ 盘子;碟子
on a plate 在盘子里
34
freshly adv. /ˈfreʃli/ 刚刚
fresh adj. 新鲜的;freshly baked 刚烤的
35
smell v. /smel/ 发臭;闻到 n. 气味
过去式 smelled/smelt;可作系动词+adj.;the smell of ……的气味
36
joy n. /dʒɔɪ/ 喜悦;乐趣
to one's joy 令某人高兴的是;joyful adj. 高兴的
37
apartment n. /əˈpɑːtmənt/ 房间;公寓套房
美式;英式 flat
38
block n. /blɒk/ 大楼;街区;大块 v. 阻挡
a block of 一栋;block the way 挡路
39
cover v. /ˈkʌvə/ 遮盖;包括 n. 封皮
cover A with B 用B盖A;be covered with 被……覆盖
40
scissors n. /ˈsɪzəz/ (pl.) 剪刀
a pair of scissors 一把剪刀
41
glue n. /ɡluː/ 胶水 v. 粘贴
glue sth to sth 把……粘到……上
【词汇小练】
1. Can I________ (邀请) my friends to our new house?
2. 用 borrow/lend/keep 填空:I________ a book from the library. Can you________ me your pen? You can________ the book for two weeks.
3. He didn't go to bed________ he finished his homework.
4. The ground is________ (cover) with thick snow.
参考答案:1. invite 2. borrowed; lend; keep 3. until 4. covered
重点短语
1. pack up 打包
例句:Let's pack up and get ready to leave. 我们收拾行李准备出发吧。
练一练:Please________ your things before you leave.
答:pack up
2. hang up 挂起;挂断电话
例句:She hung up the phone angrily. 她生气地挂了电话。
练一练:Please________ your coat on the wall.
答:hang up
3. add sth to sth 把……加入……
例句:Add some sugar to the coffee. 往咖啡里加点糖。
练一练:Please________ my name________ the list.
答:add; to
4. give sb a lift 开车顺便送某人
例句:Can you give me a lift to the station? 你能顺便送我去车站吗?
练一练:My father________ to school every morning.
答:gives me a lift
5. be careful with 注意;当心
例句:Be careful with the scissors. 小心剪刀。
练一练:________ the glass. It's easy to break.
答:Be careful with
6. take notes 做笔记
例句:The students take notes carefully in class. 学生们上课认真做笔记。
练一练:It's a good habit to________ in class.
答:take notes
7. clean up 清扫
例句:Please clean up your room. 请打扫你的房间。
练一练:We need to________ the house before the guests come.
答:clean up
8. share sth with sb 把……与……分享
例句:I share a bedroom with my sister. 我和妹妹共用一间卧室。
练一练:She often________ her food________ her friends.
答:shares; with
易混辨析
borrow / lend / keep:borrow 借入(borrow sth from sb),非延续性;lend 借出(lend sb sth = lend sth to sb),非延续性;keep 借用/保留,延续性动词,可与一段时间连用。
例:I borrowed a book from Tom. = Tom lent me a book. 我从汤姆那借了本书。You can keep the book for a week. 这本书你可以借一周。
could / can 表请求:could 语气比 can 更委婉,但不表示过去;回答请求时用 can,不用 could。
核心句式
1. 动词不定式
结构:① to do sth 作目的状语,可放句首,意为“为了……” ② to do sth 作后置定语,修饰前面的名词
用法:动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,可作主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补等。
例:We got up early to catch the train. 我们早起去赶火车。
例:To catch the early bus, I have to get up at 6:30. 为了赶早班车,我不得不6:30起床。
例:I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多作业要做。
易错:作目的状语时,to do = in order to do = so as to do(so as to 不放句首)。
练一练:________ (keep) healthy, you should take more exercise.
答:To keep
语法全解
情态动词 could 的用法
【例句】
· —Could you please sweep the floor? 你能扫一下地吗? —OK, Mum. I'll do it at once. 好的妈妈,我马上做。
· Could I use your phone? 我能用一下你的电话吗?
【讲解】
① 表委婉请求:could 构成的问句用于委婉地提出请求或征求许可,语气比 can 委婉,但不表示过去。
② 请求他人:用"Could you (please) do...?"提问。肯定回答:Certainly. / Of course. / No problem. / Sure. 否定回答:Sorry, I can't.
③ 请求许可:用"Could I do...?"提问。肯定回答:Yes, you can. / Certainly. 否定回答:No, you can't. / I'm afraid you can't.
【注意】
· 回答 could 引导的请求时,用 can,不用 could。例:—Could I go now? —Yes, you can.
【拓展】
· could 还可表过去的能力(can的过去式):I could swim when I was five.
· could 可表推测(可能性较小):He could be at home.
练一练:—Could you please help me carry the box? —________ A. Yes, I could. B. No problem. C. Yes, I do.
答:B(回答请求用 No problem,不用 could)
情态动词 can 表示请求
【例句】
· —Can you help me hang up the photos? 你能帮我把照片挂起来吗? —Sure. / No problem! 当然。/没问题!
· —Can I use your pen, please? 请问我能用你的钢笔吗? —Yes, you can. 是的,你可以。
【讲解】
① 表请求许可:用"Can I do...?"提问,询问自己是否被允许做某事。肯定:Yes, you can. 否定:Sorry, you can't.
② 请求对方做某事:用"Can you do...?"提问,请求对方帮忙做某事。肯定:Of course, I can. / Sure. 否定:I'm sorry. I can't.
【注意】
· can 表请求时语气比 could 直接,could 更委婉礼貌。
【拓展】
· can 还可表能力:I can speak English.
· can 表可能性(理论上):Accidents can happen.
练一练:—Can I borrow your dictionary? —________ A. Yes, you can. B. Yes, you could. C. Yes, I can.
答:A(请求许可,回答用 you can)
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$