Unit 3 Grammar 讲义 2026-2027学年英语译林版八年级上册

Unit 3 To be a good learner　Grammar 课时基本信息 课　　题 Unit 3 To be a good learner — Grammar 课　　型 语法课（第三课时·45分钟） 年　　级 八年级上册 版　　本 译林版（2024）英语八年级上册 教学重难点 【教学重点】 掌握副词比较级与最高级的构成规则：单音节加 -er/-est，多音节前加 more/most，不规则变化（well→better→best 等）需牢记,掌握反身代词八形式（myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves）及基本用法 【教学难点】 不规则副词变化的准确运用（badly→worse→the worst、far→farther/further→the farthest/the furthest）,反身代词作宾语与强调用法的区分；不能单独作主语（×Myself can finish it.） 词汇速览 faster / the fastest /ˈfɑːstə/ 更快地/最快地（fast 单音节副词，比较级加 -er、最高级加 -est；最高级前 the 可省略——Amy reads faster than Sandy. Amy 读得比 Sandy 快。Millie reads (the) fastest among the three. Millie 三人中读得最快。） more carefully /keəˈfəli/ 更仔细地（多音节副词前加 more 构成比较级，most 构成最高级——She listens more carefully than before. 她比以前听得更仔细。He writes the most carefully in our class. 他班里写得最仔细。） by oneself /baɪ wʌnˈself/ 独自；单独（= alone；We wish we could learn something by ourselves. 我们希望也能自学点东西。He finished the project by himself. 他独自完成了这个项目。） teach oneself /tiːtʃ wʌnˈself/ 自学（= learn... by oneself；Our English teacher Mr Wu taught himself to play the piano. 我们的英语吴老师自学了弹钢琴。） （一）导入 · 谁上学最快 【过渡语】Reading 课我们读了富兰克林怎么学——这节课看图比一比：谁上学快？比出来的就是今天的语法。 Free talk：Look at the pictures. How do they go to school? Who goes to school fast? Who goes faster? Who goes the fastest?（他们怎么上学？谁快？谁更快？谁最快？）——slowly→fast→fastest 三级递进。 追问提前埋线：比「快」用的是副词——walk fast（走得快）、walk faster（走得更快）、walk (the) fastest（走得最快）。 【提示框】 三问就是三级：fast（原级）→faster（比较级）→the fastest（最高级）——今天的两条规则都从这张图里长出来。 （二）三句阅读 · 找出规律 Read the sentences and pay attention to the use of comparative and superlative adverbs：1 Sandy reads 30 pages in one hour. She reads fast.（Sandy 一小时读 30 页，读得快）2 Amy reads 35 pages in one hour. She reads faster than Sandy.（Amy 一小时读 35 页，比 Sandy 快）3 Millie reads 40 pages in one hour. She reads the fastest among the three.（Millie 一小时读 40 页，三人中最快）→Millie reads faster than the other two students. 规律初现：比较级句中出现 than（比 Sandy）；最高级句中出现 among the three（三人中）——数字线索定级。 【知识点】 ▶三句三级看数字：30 页 fast（原级）、35>30 页 faster than（两者）、40 页 the fastest among the three（三者及以上）——先数人数再定级，比单词拼写更靠前。 三句阅读规律页 （三）用法定调 · 两者与三者 We use comparative adverbs to compare two actions or performances; we use superlative adverbs to compare three or more actions or performances.（比较级副词用于比较两个动作或表现；最高级副词用于比较三个或以上的动作或表现。） 搭配标记：比较级常与 than 连用（Amy reads faster than Sandy.）；最高级常与 the 连用——注：副词最高级前的 the 可省略（Millie reads (the) fastest among the three.）。 【提示框】 形容词最高级必须带 the（the tallest boy），副词最高级 the 可省（(the) fastest）——一个「可省」一个「必须」，考试最爱考这条边界。 构成规则与用法表页 （四）构成规则 · 单音节与多音节 副词比较级和最高级的构成方法与形容词基本相同：大多数单音节词词后加 -er/-est——hard→harder→hardest；low→lower→lowest；high→higher→highest；部分双音节词和多音节词前加 more/most——quickly→more quickly→the most quickly；carefully→more carefully→the most carefully。 【知识点】 ▶两条构成路：词尾短（单音节）→加 -er/-est；词尾长（多音节）→前面加 more/most——先看词长再动手，-ly 长词一律走 more/most 线（early 是例外，去 y 变 ier）。 （五）不规则变化 · 五词特记 【过渡语】规则词好办，五个「不听话」的单独点名。 常见的副词比较级和最高级的不规则变化：well→better→the best（好）；badly→worse→the worst（坏）；much→more→the most（多）；little→less→the least（少）；far→farther/further→the farthest/the furthest（远）。 注意：有些词既可用作形容词又可用作副词，如 far、fast、hard、high、late、long 和 well——它们作副词时比较级最高级形式与作形容词时相同（runs fast 中的 fast 与 a fast car 中的 fast 同形）。 【知识点】 ▶五词不规则对应记忆：well 与 badly（好与坏）、much 与 little（多与少）、far（远，双拼 farther/further）——五对八个词形是词形填空的常客，检测第 3、4 组正考 well 线与 badly 线。 【提示框】 far 记两条线：farther/farthest 偏「距离更远」，further/furthest 偏「程度进一步」（further study 深造）——距离与程度分开用。 （六）Millie 十空 · 三组实战 Millie is writing about her classmates' performance at school. Complete her sentences with the correct forms of the words in brackets： 1 Suzy learns (1) fast. She learns (2) faster than any other student in my class. She learns (3) (the) fastest of us all.（单音节三连：原级→比较级+than→最高级+of us all）2 Daniel thinks (1) actively. He thinks (2) more actively than any of my other classmates. He thinks (3) (the) most actively in my class.（多音节三连）3 David works (1) hard. He works (2) harder than all my other classmates. He works (3) (the) hardest in my class.（单音节三连） 【知识点】 ▶九空三条线、每组同一套路：原级（第一空单句陈述）→比较级（than any other...）→最高级（of us all/in my class 三者以上）——fast/hard 走加词尾线、actively 走 more/most 线，最高级 the 括号标注可省。 【提示框】 any other student 后的比较级是「主语之外的所有人」——Suzy 与其余每人都比→两者比较→faster；of us all 三人以上→(the) fastest，句尾标记就是定级的钥匙。 Millie 三组副词填空页 （七）输出 · 小组活动三句写 Write at least three sentences describing how you and your group members performed during a group activity, using comparative and superlative adverbs.（用副词比较级和最高级写至少三句，描述你和小组成员在一次小组活动中的表现。） 示例：Tom ran faster than me, but Jack ran the fastest.（Tom 跑得比我快，但 Jack 最快）She sang more loudly than him, and Mary sang the most loudly.（她唱得比他响，Mary 唱得最响）I did better than before, but she did the best.（我做得比以前好，但她做得最好） 【知识点】 ▶三句输出公式：一句比较级（A...-er/more... than B）、一句最高级（C... (the) ...est/most...）、一句自评（I did better than before）——三条句子正好覆盖原级/比较级/最高级三级。 （八）反身代词 · 课文观察与构成 【过渡语】第二个语法点藏在三个「自己」里——先读课文句子。 Read the text and pay attention to the use of reflexive pronouns：Learning should be fun. But you may ask, "How can I enjoy myself when learning?"（学习时如何自得其乐——enjoy myself）You can learn an interesting skill by yourself. My friend Linda is interested in art and she enjoys teaching herself paper-cutting.（自学剪纸——teaching herself）Don't worry if learning something new seems difficult, just do it! So, let's set goals for ourselves and take the first step.（为自己定目标——for ourselves） 构成表：第一人称及第二人称单数由形容词性物主代词加 self/selves 构成——myself、yourself→复数 ourselves、yourselves；第二人称复数 yourselves 由形容词性物主代词 your 加 selves 构成；第三人称反身代词：himself、itself 由人称代词宾格加 self 构成，herself 由形容词性物主代词 her 加 self 构成，复数 themselves 由宾格 them 加 selves 构成。 【知识点】 ▶构成两条配方：一、二人称单数=形容词性物主代词+self（my/your+self）；第三人称=宾格+self（him/her/it+self）——复数一律把 self 变 selves（拼写红线：单数 -self、复数 -selves）。 【提示框】 八个反身代词对号入座背：myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself｜ourselves/yourselves/themselves——第一行单数第二行复数，检测六空全从这八个里选。 反身代词构成表页 （九）用法归纳 · Millie 六空 We use reflexive pronouns when the subject and the object are the same person(s) or thing(s).（当主语和宾语指同一个人或事物时使用反身代词。）核心用法两条：作宾语——主语与宾语为同一人/物（Suzy enjoys teaching herself paper-cutting.）；强调主语——表示「亲自、独自」，可置于主语后或句末（I painted the room myself. 我亲自粉刷了房间）。 Millie is writing about people around her who love to learn new things. Complete her text with correct reflexive pronouns：Our English teacher Mr Wu taught (1) himself to play the piano. He found a useful app and practised a lot. He even records (2) himself playing the piano every day. Sandy and I feel encouraged. We wish we could learn something by (3) ourselves too. Sandy likes to cook. She often cooks some simple dishes for (4) herself when she is alone at home. I may try drawing. I want to draw pictures of (5) myself and my parents. At weekends, they often make (6) themselves a cup of tea and read a book by the window. I will try to draw them next weekend. 【知识点】 ▶六空先找主语再对身：taught 的主语 Mr Wu→himself；records 的主语 He→himself；we→ourselves；she→herself；I→myself；they→themselves——主语是谁，反身代词就照谁的镜子。 【提示框】 第 3 空 by 后的主语是 Sandy and I（两人）→ourselves 别填 ourself——复数主语配复数反身代词，单复数必须对齐。 （十）固定搭配 · 红线警示 【过渡语】三个高频搭配加一条红线，反身代词就学扎实了。 固定搭配：by oneself = alone（独自）——learn by yourself；enjoy oneself = have fun（玩得开心）；teach oneself = learn... by oneself（自学）。 红线警示：反身代词不能单独作主语——×Myself can finish it. √ I can finish it myself.（反身代词只能作宾语或强调语，主语的位置永远是 I/we/he...）注意拼写：单数以 -self 结尾，复数以 -selves 结尾。 （十一）语言点精讲 · 两组深化 ①Amy reads 35 pages in one hour. She reads faster than Sandy. 艾米一小时读 35 页，她读得比桑迪快。——副词比较级用于比较两个动作在程度、速度等方面的差异：单音节及部分双音节副词直接在词尾加 -er/-est；多音节副词前加 more/most；比较级后常接 than 引出比较对象，最高级前通常加 the（副词最高级前的 the 可省略）。注意 fast、hard、well 等词既是形容词也是副词，其比较级和最高级形式与形容词相同。例：She speaks more clearly than her brother. 她说话比她哥哥更清晰。 ②My friend Suzy is interested in art, and she enjoys teaching herself paper-cutting. 我的朋友苏西对艺术感兴趣，她喜欢自学剪纸。——当句子的主语和宾语指代同一人或事物时使用反身代词：第一、二人称由「形容词性物主代词+self/selves」构成，第三人称由「代词宾格+self/selves」构成；可作动词或介词的宾语，也可用于强调主语（「亲自、独自」）；常见固定搭配 by oneself（独自）、teach oneself（自学）、enjoy oneself（玩得开心）；反身代词不能单独作主语。例：He finished the project by himself. 他独自完成了这个项目。 【知识点】 ▶两组钉成两句话：副词比较级+than 比两者、最高级+（the）比三者以上，fast/hard/well 形副同形；反身代词照主语变（we→ourselves）、岗位只有宾语与强调——检测两道选择与九空词形全部落在这两句话上。 【提示框】 检测第 1 题思维路径：in your class（三人以上）→the highest；than any other student→higher——「句首定最高级、than 定比较级」双标记锁定答案 A；第 2 题 enjoys 后缺宾语且指老人自己→himself（C）。 （十二）随堂检测 限时独立完成随堂检测（本课语法），完成后同桌互批，逐题核对订正。 一、1. A　2. C　二、3. faster；fastest　4. better；best　5. more beautifully；most beautifully　6. worse；worst　7. herself 一、单项选择 1. — Who jumps __________ in your class? — Li Ming does. He jumps __________ than any other student. A. the highest; higher　B. highest; higher　C. the highest; more high　D. highest; highest 2. The old man lives alone, but he always enjoys __________ by reading books. A. him　B. his　C. himself　D. he 二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 3. Tom runs __________ (fast) than Jack, but Mike runs the __________ (fast) in our class. 4. She speaks English __________ (well) than her sister. She speaks the __________ (well) in her family. 5. Among the three girls, Lucy sings __________ (beautifully) and Lily sings the __________ (beautifully). 6. He did __________ (badly) in the exam than last time. He did the __________ (badly) in his class. 7. My mother taught __________ (she) how to make cakes during the holiday. （十三）小结与作业 Summary 两条：①副词的比较级和最高级——单音节副词加 -er/-est（hard→harder→hardest）；多音节副词前加 more/most（carefully→more carefully→most carefully）；不规则变化需牢记（well→better→best; badly→worse→worst; far→farther/further→farthest/furthest）；比较级用于两者比较（+than），最高级用于三者及以上比较（+the）。②反身代词——形式：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves；用法：主语和宾语为同一人时使用，可表示强调（「亲自、独自」）；固定搭配：by oneself（独自）、teach oneself（自学）、enjoy oneself（玩得开心）。 Homework：Review——Memorize the irregular forms of comparative and superlative adverbs and all reflexive pronouns, and make two sentences for each grammar point. 背记不规则副词变化与全部反身代词，每个语法点各造两句。Preview——Preview the next lesson. 预习下一课。 【提示框】 作业造句自查双标记：比较级句必须有 than、最高级句必须有 among/in/of 范围——两个标记少一个，句子就有毛病。 语言点归纳 课堂总结 本课为单元语法课（第三课时）：导入——Free talk 看图问 How do they go to school? Who goes to school fast? Who goes faster? Who goes the fastest?（slowly→fast→fastest）。三句阅读找规律：1 Sandy reads 30 pages in one hour. She reads fast. 2 Amy reads 35 pages in one hour. She reads faster than Sandy. 3 Millie reads 40 pages in one hour. She reads the fastest among the three.→Millie reads faster than the other two students. 用法定调：We use comparative adverbs to compare two actions or performances; we use superlative adverbs to compare three or more actions or performances.（比较级比两个，最高级比三个及以上，常与 the 连用——副词最高级前的 the 可省略）。构成规则：大多数单音节词词后加 -er/-est（hard→harder→hardest；low→lower→lowest；high→higher→highest）；部分双音节词和多音节词前加 more/most（quickly→more quickly→the most quickly；carefully→more carefully→the most carefully）——副词比较级和最高级的构成方法与形容词基本相同。不规则变化：well→better→the best；badly→worse→the worst；much→more→the most；little→less→the least；far→farther/further→the farthest/the furthest。注意：有些词既可用作形容词又可用作副词，如 far、fast、hard、high、late、long 和 well。Millie 十空实战：Suzy learns (1) fast. She learns (2) faster than any other student in my class. She learns (3) (the) fastest of us all.（单音节三连）Daniel thinks (1) actively. He thinks (2) more actively than any of my other classmates. He thinks (3) (the) most actively in my class.（多音节三连）David works (1) hard. He works (2) harder than all my other classmates. He works (3) (the) hardest in my class.（单音节三连）。输出任务：Write at least three sentences describing how you and your group members performed during a group activity——示例 Tom ran faster than me, but Jack ran the fastest.／She sang more loudly than him, and Mary sang the most loudly.／I did better than before, but she did the best. 反身代词：课文三句观察——How can I enjoy myself when learning?／My friend Linda is interested in art and she enjoys teaching herself paper-cutting.／Let's set goals for ourselves and take the first step. 构成规则：第一人称及第二人称单数由形容词性物主代词加 self/selves 构成（myself/yourself→ourselves/yourselves）；第二人称复数 yourselves 及第三人称由代词宾格加 self/selves 构成（himself/herself/itself→themselves）。用法：We use reflexive pronouns when the subject and the object are the same person(s) or thing(s).（主语与宾语为同一人/物时用反身代词）。Millie 六空：Our English teacher Mr Wu taught (1) himself to play the piano. He found a useful app and practised a lot. He even records (2) himself playing the piano every day. Sandy and I feel encouraged. We wish we could learn something by (3) ourselves too. Sandy likes to cook. She often cooks some simple dishes for (4) herself when she is alone at home. I may try drawing. I want to draw pictures of (5) myself and my parents. At weekends, they often make (6) themselves a cup of tea and read a book by the window. I will try to draw them next weekend. 核心用法：作宾语（主语与宾语为同一人/物——Suzy enjoys teaching herself paper-cutting.）；强调主语（表示「亲自、独自」，可置于主语后或句末——I painted the room myself.）。固定搭配：by oneself = alone（独自：learn by yourself）；enjoy oneself = have fun（玩得开心）；teach oneself = learn... by oneself（自学）。注意事项：反身代词不能单独作主语（×Myself can finish it. √ I can finish it myself.）；拼写上单数以 -self 结尾，复数以 -selves 结尾。补充：部分以 -ly 结尾的副词（如 early、late）变比较级/最高级时去 y 加 -ier/-iest（earlier/earliest、later/latest）。语言点两组：副词比较级比较两个动作差异（比较级后常接 than 引出比较对象，fast/hard/well 等词形与形容词相同）；反身代词构成/搭配/主语限制。随堂检测：选择两题＋词形九空。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $