专题03 选择性必修第一册Unit 5～选择性必修第二册Unit 1词汇短语句型语法梳理（期中知识清单）高二英语上学期人教版

专题01 选择性必修一Unit 5～选择性必修二Unit 1 单元词汇短语句型梳理 重 点 单 词 名词：assumption，output，leisure，poverty,soil，vision，reality，mineral，instance，root，aspect,link,shadow,rainbow,leadership,trace ,fault 动词：devote，tackle，boost，convince，attain，overcome，expand，estimate，comprise，generate，digest，suspect，blame，handle，link，decrease，cast ，pour,shift 形容词：conventional,intense ,widespread,essential,alternative,contradictory, raw,solid,outstanding,abstract 副词： furthermore,intensely 重 点 短 语 1.devote...to把…用于；献身；致力；专心 2.be comprised of包括；包含；由…组成 3.deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上 4.in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 5.for instance例如；比如 6.once and for all最终地；彻底地 7.in general总的来说；从总体上看 8.subscribe to同意；赞同；订阅 9.be to blame负有责任 10.thanks to幸亏；由于 11.have an impact on对……有影响 12.break out 突然开始；爆发 13.in charge of主管；掌管 14.under one's leadership在某人的领导下 15.come down with患（病）；染上（小病） 16.above all最重要的是；尤其是 必 备 句 型 1.“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句 Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。 2. What concerned him most was that... 最让他担忧的是…… What concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 他最担忧的是农民们经常收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。 3.have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 He had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 他把水泵的把手卸下来了，这样水泵就不能使用了。 4.so...that...如此……以至于…… He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.　他发现霍乱在两条特定的街道上爆发得如此严重，以至于十天内死了500多人。 5.It seemed that...似乎…… It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 看来这位妇女非常喜欢从这个泵中抽取的水，以至于每天都让人把它送到家中。 6.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 　也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。 单元语法 1.主语从句。 2.表语从句。 单元写作 1.写一篇关于农业的议论文。 2.一篇关于科学精神的议论文。 知识点01 重点词类 1.devote vt. 2.tackle vt. 3.boost vt. n． 4.convince vt. 5.intense adj. 6.overcome vt. 7.comprise vt. 8.generate vt. 9.widespread adj. 10.digest vt. vi. n． 11.essential adj. 12.alternative n. adj. 13.aspect n． 14.suspect vt. vi. n. 15.blame vt. n. 16.handle n． vt. 17.link n． vt. 18.decrease n． vt. vi. ___________ 19.cast vt. 20.pour vt. 21.outstanding adj. 22.besides prep. adv. 23.furthermore adv. 24.fault n． 知识点02 高频短语 1. 把…用于；献身；致力；专心 2. 包括；包含；由…组成 3. 在内心深处；本质上；实际上 4. 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 5. 例如；比如 6. 最终地；彻底地 7. 总的来说；从总体上看 8. 同意；赞同；订阅 9. 负有责任 10. 幸亏；由于 11. 对……有影响 12 突然开始；爆发 13. 主管；掌管 14. 在某人的领导下 15. 患（病）；染上（小病） 16. 最重要的是；尤其是 知识点03 重点句型 1.“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句 His slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, . 他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。 2.What concerned him most was that... 最让他担忧的是…… farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.他最担忧的是农民们经常收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。 3.have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 He so that it could not be used. 他把水泵的把手卸下来了，这样水泵就不能使用了。 4.so...that...如此……以至于…… He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was ___________________________.　他发现霍乱在两条特定的街道上爆发得如此严重，以至于十天内死了500多人。 5.It seemed that...似乎…… so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 看来这位妇女非常喜欢从这个泵中抽取的水，以至于每天都让人把它送到家中。 6.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 Perhaps __________________________________ China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 　也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。 ✍即时训练 一、单句语法填空。 1. The house ______ ______ we lived last year has been pulled down.（介词 + 关系代词定语从句） 2. What concerned him most ______ (be) that the food shortage would become worse. 3. I had my bike ______ (repair) on my way home yesterday. 4. The problem is ______ severe ______ few people can deal with it. 5. It seemed that the ______ (transform) of farming methods would take a long time. 6. No one is ______ (hard-working) than him in this group. 二、按照要求补全句子。 1. This is the farm ________________________________________（我们在上面工作过的）。（介词+关系代词） 2. ________________________________________（最让他担忧的是）the river was polluted by chemical waste.（What concerned him most was that…） 3. He ________________________________________（让人把报告打印好了）before the meeting.（have + 宾语 + 宾补） 4. The soup was ________________________________________（如此咸以至于没人想喝）。（so…that…) 5. ________________________________________（似乎）the gifted scientist would offer us assistance.（It seemed that…） 6. Nothing ________________________________________（比健康更重要）。（否定词 + 比较级表最高级） 知识点04 重点语法：主语从句和宾语从句 一、概念 主语从句：在句子中充当主语； 表语从句：在句子中充当表语，（放在系动词后），常见系动词：be /seem/become /appear/remain 等。 二、引导词分类 1. that（只起连接作用，无词义，不作成分，主语从句中一般不省略；表语从句中也不省略） －主语从句： is true.食物短缺问题严峻，这是事实。 －表语从句：The truth is .事实是我们需要更多援助。 2. whether（是否，不作成分，不能换成 if 引导主语从句 / 表语从句） －主语从句： matters a lot.我们能否解决这个问题至关重要。 －表语从句：The question is 问题是这个方法是否奏效。 3. 连接代词：what /who/whom /whose/which（有词义，在从句中做主 / 宾 / 定语） －主语从句： is the severe pollution.最让他担忧的是严重的污染。 －表语从句：This is .这就是我们所需要的。 4. 连接副词：when /where/why /how（有词义，作状语） －主语从句： is important.我们如何转变耕作方式很重要。 －表语从句：The problem is .问题在于我们如何获取纯净水。 三、核心考点 1.主谓一致：主语从句作主语，谓语动词常用单数。 What he said_______(be) true. 2. it 作形式主语，真正主语从句后置。 It seems that… 似乎…… the transformation would take time.这场转型似乎需要时间 3. 表语从句不能用 if表 “是否”，只能用 whether 4. that在主语从句和表语从句中不可省略。 5. what 在从句必须充当成分；that不充当任何成分 四、常用句型归纳 ✅ 主语从句句型 句型A:What concerns sb. most is that… 最让某人担忧的是…… 句型B:It seems that… 似乎……（it 形式主语，that 从句为主语从句） 句型C:Whether … matters. 是否…… 事关重大 句型D:What we need is … 我们所需要的是…… ✅ 表语从句句型 句型A:The truth /fact is that… 事实是…… 句型B:The problem /question is whether… 问题是是否…… 句型C:That is why… 那就是…… 的原因 句型D:This is where… 这就是…… 的地方 ✍即时训练 一、单句语法填空。 在空白处填入合适引导词（that /what/whether /how/why /where） 1. ________ concerns him most is that the food shortage will get worse. 2. The fact is ________ too much consumption of salty food harms health. 3. ________ we can get pure water quickly remains a big problem. 4. It seemed ________ the transformation of farming methods would be hard. 5. The question is ________ we can get assistance from the gifted scientist. 6. This is ________ chemical waste that polluted the river. 二、补全句子。 1. ________________________________________（最让他担忧的是）the chemical waste is hard to deal with.（主语从句） 2. The truth is ________________________________________（营养丰富的食物对健康很重要）。（表语从句） 3. ________________________________________（我们能否解决这个严峻的问题）depends on everyone’s efforts.（主语从句） 4. The problem is ________________________________________（我们如何加快耕作方式的转变）。（表语从句） 5. ________________________________________（似乎）food shortage will continue for some time.（it 形式主语，主语从句） 6. That is ________________________________________（我们需要专家帮助的原因）。（表语从句） 【考点01】词类转换（派生词）—最高频 1. adj.短的；矮的；缺乏的；简略的→ n．不足；缺少；短缺→ v．（使）变短；缩短 2. vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝→ n．消耗；消耗量；消费→ n．消费者；用户；客户 3. n．盐→ adj.含盐的；咸的 4. vt.伸开；展开；延伸→ n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机 5. n．化学家；药剂师→ n．化学→ adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品→ adv.化学上地 6. n．营养；滋养→ adj.营养（物）的→ adj.有营养的；营养丰富的 7. adj.深的→ adv.深刻地；强烈地；深沉地→ vt.加深；（使）变深→ n．向下（或向里）的距离；深（度） 8. adj.全部的；完全的→ adv.全部地；完整地；完全地 9. adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→ adv.极为恶劣地；十分严重地；严厉地 10. vt.使懊恼；使沮丧→ adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→ n．沮丧；懊恼；挫败 11. vt.使感染；传染→ n．感染；传染→ adj.感染的；传染的 12. vt.证明；证明是→ n．证据；证明；检验 13 vi.干扰→ n．介入；干涉 14. adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→ adv.完全地；纯粹地→ vt.净化；使……洁净 15. vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变→ n．转化；转换；变换；变化；变革 16. v．认为；思考→ n．思想；思维；见解 17. v．发现→ n．发现；调查结果；（法律）判决 18. adj.最初的→ adv.最初地 19. vt.保卫；防守；辩解→ n．防御；保卫；保护 20. vt. vi.帮助；协助→ n．助理；助手→ n．帮助；协助；援助 21. n．礼物；天赋→ adj.有天赋的；有天才的 22. adj.稳定的→ adv.稳定地 23. adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→ adv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地 24. n.科学 → n.科学家 → adj科学的 ✍即时训练 一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. Due to food ________ (short), many local people suffered a lot. 2. Too much sugar ________ (consume) is harmful to our health. 3. The river was ________ (pollute) by ________ (chemistry) waste. 4. The ________ (infect) disease spread quickly across the area. 5. ________ (initial), we didn’t realize how serious the problem was. 6. The doctor’s timely ________ (intervene) saved the patient. 7. The event ________ (transform) his whole life, and the ________ (transform) amazed everyone. 8. She offered ________ (assist) when I was in trouble. 9. He is a ________ (gift) musician and can play the piano well. 10. The rain became ________ (severe) and we had to stay indoors. 11. The soup tastes ________ (salt), so please add some water. 12. The ________ (nutrient) value of vegetables should not be ignored. 13. The ________ (frustrate) look on his face showed he failed the experiment. 14. We need ________ (pure) water to do this ________ (science) experiment. 15. The army ________ (defense) the border bravely. 二、语法填空（考点全覆盖：派生词变形） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nowadays, food 1. (short) remains a serious challenge in some remote areas. Excessive 2. (consume) of processed food with too much 3. (salt) flavour also damages local people’s health. The local government took 4. (initial) action to change the situation. They forbade factories from pouring 5. (chemistry) waste into rivers so that villagers could get 6. (pure) drinking water. Experts offered 7. (assist) farmers to grow crops of high 8. (nutrition) value. A 9. (gift) scientist pointed out that the 10. (transform) of traditional farming methods would help solve this severe problem. However, the whole project may be frustrating. Some old farmers felt deeply frustrated when learning new skills, but timely intervention helped them out. With a deeper understanding of agricultural science, people gradually realized the entire plan was practical. If carried out steadily, the measures will bring a vivid improvement to people’s lives. 【考点02】devote vt. 把…… 献 （给）；把…… 专用于；专心于 同族词：devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠实的；投入的 devotion n. 奉献；挚爱；忠诚 重要语块：1.devote oneself to (doing) sth 献身于；致力于 2.devote sth to (doing) sth 把…… 用于…… 3.be devoted to (doing) sth 致力于；投身于（to 是介词，后接名词 / 动名词） 经典例句： 1.He devoted himself to agricultural research all his life.他一生致力于农业研究。 2.Most of his spare time is devoted to studying new farming technology. 他大部分业余时间都用来研究新型耕作技术。 ✍学以致用 Ⅰ。单句语法填空：用括号内动词正确形式填空。 1._____________(devote) to rural development, the scientist won wide respect from local farmers. 2.What we admire most _____________(be) the energy _____________he devotes to solving food‑security problems. 3.The truth is that the time _____________we devote to field work is worthwhile. 4.This is the researcher to _____________many young learners devote their attention. Ⅱ.按照要求进行句子改写。 1.As he was devoted to tackling poverty, he seldom spent time with his family.（改为过去分词作状语） → . 2.The thing that draws our attention is that he devotes all his life to agriculture.（改写为What 引导主语从句，保留表语从句） → . 3.We respect the expert. A great deal of energy is devoted to his research.（合并为whose 引导定语从句） → . 4.The fact is this. He devotes much effort to helping poor farmers.（合并为that引导表语从句） → . 【考点03】：convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服 同族词：convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的（修饰人） convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的（修饰事物） conviction n. 确信；信念 重要语块：1.convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事 2.convince sb that‑clause 使某人相信…… 3.try to convince sb to do sth 尽力说服某人做某事（未必成功） 4.be convinced of /that… 确信…… 经典例句 1.We tried to convince local farmers of the advantages of green farming. 我们尽力让当地农民相信绿色农业的优势。 2.I am convinced that science can transform traditional agriculture. 我确信科学可以改变传统农业。 ✍即时训练 I.单句语法填空。 1._____________(convince) of the value of new technology, the farmers decided to have a try. 2.What _____________(convince) us most is the evidence _____________the expert has collected. 3.The question is _____________we can convince those farmers who are conservative. 4.The argument _____________(convince) enough will change the opinion of people _____________doubt new methods. II.按照提示完成句子。 1._____________（最让我们信服的是）that green farming can boost grain output.（What 引导主语从句） 2._____________（被这些数据说服），many villagers accepted the new planting mode.（分词作状语） 3.The truth is _____________（我们必须拿出令人信服的证据来说服持怀疑态度的人）。（表语从句） 4.We need a researcher _____________（whose 引导定语从句，他的观点能够说服广大农民）。 【考点04】suspect vt. vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 同族词：suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑 suspicious adj. 怀疑的；可疑的 重要语块：suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人（做了）某事 suspect that‑clause 怀疑……（从句常用陈述语气） be suspicious of 对…… 感到怀疑 经典例句 1.Researchers suspect that chemical waste is to blame for soil pollution. 研究人员怀疑化学废弃物是土壤污染的罪魁祸首。 2.People are suspicious of the effect of the new fertilizer. 人们对这种新型肥料的效果心存怀疑。 ✍即时训练 I.单句语法填空。 1._____________(suspect) of hiding experimental data, the researcher came under public criticism. 2.What we _____________(suspect) most is something _____________nobody dares to mention. 3.The fact is _____________many local people are suspicious of the newly‑introduced technology. 4.The expert _____________we suspect is doing research on soil pollution has published a new report. II.按照要求进行句式改写。 1.Because he was suspected of making wrong conclusions, he lost his position in the project.（改为过去分词作状语） → . 2.The thing that makes us suspicious is that the test results are changeable.（改写 What 引导主语从句，保留表语从句） → . 3.We suspect the factory. Its waste pollutes the nearby farmland.（合并 whose 引导定语从句） → . 4.The truth is this. We suspect that chemical waste worsens soil quality.（合并 that 引导表语从句） → . 【考点05】blame vt. 把…… 归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责 重要语块：blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人 blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于…… take the blame for sth 为某事承担责任 be to blame (for sth) （对某事）负有责任（主动形式表被动含义，无被动） 经典例句 1.Don’t blame farmers for the poor harvest. It is caused by natural disasters. 不要因为收成差责怪农民，这是自然灾害造成的。 2.Chemical pollution is to blame for the worsening soil quality. 土壤质量恶化，化学污染难辞其咎。 ✍即时训练 I.单句语法填空 1._____________(blame) for the polluted river, the factory had to take practical measures. 2.What is to blame for the disaster _____________(remain) unknown to the public. 3.The truth is that it is human activities _____________are partly to blame for farmland damage. 4.The problem is _____________we should put the blame on, for nobody is totally blameless. II.按照要求完成句子。 1._____________（最让专家担忧的是）that human action is partly to blame for soil pollution.（What 主语从句） 2._____________（因这次环境事故受到指责），the company improved its waste‑treatment system.（分词作状语） 3.The fact is _____________（我们不应该把收成不好归咎于农民）。（表语从句；blame 搭配） 4.This is the chemical plant _____________这场水污染事故应由它负责.（介词 + which 定语从句) 【考点06】 frustrate vt. 使懊恼；使沮丧；使受挫；阻挠 同族词：frustrated adj. 感到沮丧的 frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的 frustration n. 沮丧；挫败；挫折 重要语块：frustrate one’s hopes/plans 使某人希望 / 计划受挫 feel frustrated about 对…… 感到沮丧 to one’s frustration令某人沮丧的是 经典例句 1.Repeated failures frustrated many young agricultural researchers. 一次次失败让很多年轻农业科研人员倍感沮丧。 2.It is frustrating that food shortage still exists in some poor areas. 令人沮丧的是，部分贫困地区仍然存在粮食短缺问题。 ✍即时训练 I.单句语法填空。 1._____________(frustrate) by continuous bad harvests, some young farmers wanted to give up. 2.What made them _____________(frustrate) was the difficulty _____________they could not overcome. 3.The truth is _____________many researchers feel frustrated when facing repeated failures. 4.The _____________(frustrate) situation _____________we are facing calls for new technical support. II.按照要求进行句式改写。 1.Because they were frustrated by low yields, some farmers doubted the new technology.（改为过去分词作状语） → . 2.The thing that makes people frustrated is that natural disasters damage crops.（改写 What 引导主语从句，保留表语从句） → . 3.We know those young researchers. Their plans were frustrated by bad weather.（合并 whose 引导定语从句） → . 4.The fact is this. It is frustrating to meet countless difficulties in farming research.（合并 that 引导表语从句） → . 辨析01 devote…to 与 be devoted to 短语 用法 例句 devote…to sth/doing sth 动词短语，“把…… 致力于 / 奉献于”；to 为介词，后接名词 / 动名词 He devotes most of his spare time to agricultural research. be devoted to sth/doing sth 被动‑形容词化结构，“致力于；献身于”；to 为介词 The scientist is devoted to solving food‑security problems. 补充：devote oneself to = be devoted to 献身于…… 他致力于帮助贫困孩子。 He poor children. =He poor children. 辨析02 so…that… 与 such…that… 结构 构成 例句 so…that… so+adj.adv.+that 从句；so+many/much/few/little +名词that The flood was so severe that countless crops were destroyed. such…that… such+(a/an)+adj.+名词+ that 从句 It was such a terrible disaster that many farmers lost their homes. 补充：so…that 句型中，so 置于句首要部分倒装。 The flood was so severe that countless crops were destroyed. → that countless crops were destroyed. 辨析03 have + 宾语 + 宾补三种形式 结构 含义 例句 have sth done 让某事由别人做； 遭遇不好的事情。 He had the old pump repaired by a local worker. have sb do sth 让某人做某事（主动，一次性） The manager had the workers finish the task ahead of time. have sb/sth doing 让某人/某物一直做，保持状态 He had the machine running day and night. 辨析 04 that /what 引导名词性主语从句和表语从句 引导词 充当成分 含义 例句 that 不作成分，无词义，只起连接 无 The truth is that food shortage deserves our full attention. what 在从句做主 / 宾 / 表 …… 的事物 / 情况 What concerns us most is the pollution of farmland. 辨析05 whether 与 if 引导名词性从句 引导词 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 whether ✅可用 ✅可用 ✅可用 if ❌不可置于句首 ❌不能引导表语从句 ✅可用 例句： 1.Whether we can boost grain output matters greatly.（主语从句，不用 If） 2.The question is whether we can get enough pure water.（表语从句，不用 if） 题型 考查内容 示例 建议题量 / 难度 单词拼写 词汇拼写 + 派生词变形 根据汉语提示写 shortage，transformation 15题★ 单句语法填空 词形转换、主语从句、表语从句、介词 + 关系代词定语从句、重点句型 What concerned him most was food shortage. 20题★★ 完成句子 重点句型仿写（主语从句、表语从句、have 宾补、so…that…否定词 + 比较级、It seemed that…介词 + 关系代词） 最让研究者担忧的是土壤污染会降低粮食产量：What concerns researchers most is that soil pollution will reduce grain yields. 10题★★ 选词填空 短文语境选词变形 方框词：transform，assist，convince，tackle，boost 填入短文 10题★★ 单项选择 易混辨析（what/that；whether/if；have 宾补；devote 搭配；so/such…that） 10题★★ 句型转换 同义改写：主语从句↔it 作形式主语；so…that 改写 5题★★★ 短语翻译 汉译英：致力于；对…… 产生影响；幸亏；例如；由…… 组成 12题★ 词义配对 短语与释义连线 10题★ 书面表达 应用文投稿 仿照高考难度的应用文 1题★★★ 技巧 一句话要点 派生词变形 先判断空格充当名 / 形 / 副 / 动词，注意后缀‑age/‑ion/‑ity/‑al/‑ly；注意‑ed/‑ing 形容词区别 主语从句解题两步走 看从句缺不缺成分；缺主宾表用 what；不缺成分用 that；表 “是否” 句首只用 whether 表语从句解题两步走 系动词后为从句；缺成分用 what/how/who；不缺含义成分用 that；表是否只用 whether “介词 + 关系代词” 定语从句 先还原动词固定搭配；介词提前，指物用 which，指人用 whom，禁用 that have + 宾语 + 宾补 分清 done（别人做 / 遭遇）；do（让某人做）；doing（持续进行） so…that 与 such…that 看中心词：中心形容词副词用 so；中心名词用 such；many/much/few/little 固定用 so 否定词 + 比较级表最高级 看到 nothing/no + 比较级 than，翻译直接转为最高级含义 介词 to 陷阱 devote…to /be devoted to 中 to 是介词，后面接 doing，不是 do 书面表达农业 / 科学主题 优先使用 What concerns sb most is that… / The truth is that… / It seemed that… 提升作文档次 【题型一】单词拼写。 根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式。 1.Food s__________________（短缺） still troubles some remote poor areas. 2.Too much c__________________（消耗） of natural resources brings ecological risks. 3.The workers plan to e__________________（扩大） the local organic farm next year. 4.People fear c__________________（化学的） waste will damage farmland. 5.Fresh fruits provide enough n__________________（营养） for human bodies. 6.The serious accident d__________________（深刻地） changed his view on agriculture. 7.They met a s__________________（极为严重的） crisis during the farming‑reform process. 8.Failure may f__________________（使沮丧） those young agricultural researchers. 9.The virus may i__________________（传染） farm animals under certain conditions. 10.Time will p__________________（证明） that green farming is a wise choice. 11.Experts had to i__________________（干预） to prevent the food crisis. 12.We need p__________________（纯净的） water for crop experiments. 13.High‑tech will t__________________（使改观） traditional farming in the near future. 14.Soldiers will d__________________（保卫） our homeland at all costs. 15.Volunteers will a__________________（协助） local farmers during harvest seasons. 【题型二】真题改编实战（单句语法填空）。 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1._____________ concerns local farmers most is that soil pollution is getting worse. 2.The truth is _____________ we should attach great importance to food security. 3.The scientist was fully _____________(devote) to tackling rural poverty. 4.We had the old farm tools _____________(short) to save storage space.（have + 宾语 + 宾补） 5.The flood was _____________ severe _____________ many fields were flooded.（无提示词 so…that） 6.No other method has a _____________(great) influence on crop output than this one.（否定词 + 比较级） 7.It seemed that the _____________(transform) of farming modes would take decades. 8.Timely _____________(intervene) from experts helped local farmers out of trouble. 9.We are in great need of _____________(nutrition) guidance for new-type planting. 10._____________(initial), few villagers accepted the modern farming technology. 11.This is the farm _____________ on which many generations of farmers have worked. 12.The question is _____________ we can get enough financial support for the project. 13.Thanks to _____________(convince) evidence, more farmers accepted the new theory. 14.The group _____________(comprise) of agricultural experts will carry out field research. 15._____________(generate) more high-quality food is the main goal of the research. 16.In turn, good harvests have a positive impact _____________ people’s daily lives. 17.The _____________(intense) of the drought caused huge losses to agriculture. 18.He tried every means _____________(overcome) all kinds of natural barriers. 19.For _____________(instance), chemical fertilizers may do harm to soil quality. 20._____________ is obvious that science plays a key role in modern agriculture. 【题型三】完成句子 1._________________________（最让专家担忧的是） is that extreme weather will influence grain harvests. 2. _________________________（事实是）we should make full use of land resources to develop green agriculture. 3. He _________________________（把破旧农具修理好） for the spring planting.（have + 宾语 +宾补） 4. The drought was _________________________（如此严重以至于当地粮食产量大幅下降）。（so…that…) 5. _________________________（似乎）new technology would bring great changes to traditional agriculture. 6. _________________________（没有什么比粮食安全对一个国家更重要）。（否定词 + 比较级表最高级） 7. This is the farm _________________________（那位科学家为之奉献毕生心血的）。（介词 +关系代词引导定语从句） 8. _________________________ （我们能否战胜自然灾害）depends on technology and joint efforts.（whether 引导主语从句） 9._________________________（那就是为什么 ）we should popularize scientific planting technology on a large scale. 10. _________________________（多亏专家的援助），local farmers overcame difficulties successfully;_______________（转而）， grain output increased. 【题型四】短文选词填空。 transform, assist, convince, tackle, boost, severe, nutrition, initial, intervene, pure, steady, salty 阅读短文，用方框内单词适当形式填空，每词可选用一次，有多余词。 Nowadays, scientists are trying hard 1.____________the worldwide food-security problem. Their 2.__________ idea is to develop new farming technology. New techniques can 3.__________ crop production greatly.Some local farms have been completely 4.__________. Experts offer 5.__________ to farmers and give them 6.___________advice on crop planting.Farmers used to face 7.___________challenges, such as 8.__________soil and lack of 9.___________water. Timely 10.___________from government also helps improve the situation step by step. 【题型五】单项选择。 1._______is known to us all is that food shortage needs worldwide attention. A.It B.What C.That D.As 2.The fact is______ many farmers are in great need of technical support. A.what B.whether C.that D.if 3.The question is______ we can find effective ways to reduce soil pollution. A.if B.whether C.what D.that 4.He had his new house______ last month, so he can move in soon. A.build B.built C.building D.to build 5.Nothing is______ valuable than the experience gained from farming practice. A.more B.most C.less D.least 6.This is the farm______ he devoted most of his youth. A.which B.to which C.on that D.for which 7.He is devoted to______ new methods to increase grain output. A.find B.finding C.be found D.being found 8.The disaster was______ serious______ hundreds of villages suffered heavy losses. A.such; that B.so; that C.such a; that D.so a; that 9.______we can make full use of mineral resources remains to be seen. A.If B.That C.Whether D.What 10.It is obvious______ modern science can help us solve agricultural difficulties. A.what B.whether C.that D.how 【题型六】按要求进行句型转换。 1.What concerns him most is the high risk of food shortage.（改写为 it 作形式主语） → . 2.The problem is whether we can get enough assistance.（改为 it 作形式主语） → . 3.The flood was so severe that many crops were destroyed.（改为 such…that…） → . 4.Food safety is the most essential thing.（改为“否定词+比较级”表示最高级的句子） → . 5.This is the farm. He devoted all his life to it.（合并为介词 + 关系代词定语从句） → . 【题型七】短语汉译英。 1. 致力于；献身于__________________ 2. 由…… 组成______________________ 3. 对…… 产生影响__________________ 4. 幸亏；由于_______________________ 5. 转而；相应地____________________ 6. 例如；比如_______________________ 7. 最终地；彻底地__________________ 8. 总的来说_________________________ 9. 负有责任________________________ 10. 最重要的是；尤其是______________ 11. 在某人的领导下_________________ 12. 主管；掌管______________________ 【题型八】词义配对（短语中文释义连线） 1. devote…to       A. 幸亏，由于 2.be comprised of    B. 最重要的是，尤其是 3.in turn        C. 致力于，献身于 4.thanks to       D. 由…… 组成 5.for instance     E. 相应地；转而 6.once and for all   F. 总的来说 7.in general      G. 例如，比如 8.be to blame     H. 最终地，彻底地 9.above all      I. 负有责任 10.in charge of     J. 主管，掌管 【题型九】 微话题写作：科学精神 假如你是高二学生李华，你校英语报刊开展主题征文活动，请你以The Spirit of Science为题写一篇英语议论文投稿。 写作要点： 1. 阐述你理解的科学精神的内涵； 2. 举例说明科学精神带来的改变； 3. 谈谈作为高中生如何践行科学精神。 注意事项： 1.词数：80词左右； 2.必须至少使用一处主语从句、一处表语从句； 3.尽量使用本单元重点语块：devote…to, overcome, transform, tackle, have an impact on, for instance, thanks to, in turn； 4.行文连贯，可适当增加细节。 ✍写作支架（审题+单元语块&语法提示） 1. 必用语法 －主语从句：What concerns us most is that… / Whether we can make progress depends on… －表语从句：The truth is that… / That is why… 2. 单元重点语块 devote oneself to（致力于）；overcome difficulties（克服困难）；transform（使改观）；tackle problems（处理难题）；have an impact on（对…… 产生影响）；for instance（例如）；thanks to（幸亏）；in turn（转而） The Spirit of Science __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ✍范文精深练习：句式挖空仿写练习 1. ________________________（最让我们关注的是） that the spirit of science is the driving force behind social progress. It consists of devotion, courage to ____________（克服困难） and the desire to ____________（处理现实难题）。 2. ____________（幸亏） scientific efforts, human society has been greatly ____________（使改观）。 ____________（例如）， outstanding scientists ____________（致力于） agricultural research, which ____________（对…… 产生巨大影响） global food security. ____________（转而）， their achievements improve ordinary people’s lives. 3. ________________________（事实是） that the spirit of science is not only for researchers but also for every student. ________________________（我们能否取得小突破） depends on whether we keep exploring bravely. We should learn to think critically and face failures bravely in our daily learning. 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 选择性必修一Unit 5～选择性必修二Unit 1 单元词汇短语句型梳理 重 点 单 词 名词：assumption，output，leisure，poverty,soil，vision，reality，mineral，instance，root，aspect,link,shadow,rainbow,leadership,trace ,fault 动词：devote，tackle，boost，convince，attain，overcome，expand，estimate，comprise，generate，digest，suspect，blame，handle，link，decrease，cast ，pour,shift 形容词：conventional,intense ,widespread,essential,alternative,contradictory, raw,solid,outstanding,abstract 副词： furthermore,intensely 重 点 短 语 1.devote...to把…用于；献身；致力；专心 2.be comprised of包括；包含；由…组成 3.deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上 4.in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 5.for instance例如；比如 6.once and for all最终地；彻底地 7.in general总的来说；从总体上看 8.subscribe to同意；赞同；订阅 9.be to blame负有责任 10.thanks to幸亏；由于 11.have an impact on对……有影响 12.break out 突然开始；爆发 13.in charge of主管；掌管 14.under one's leadership在某人的领导下 15.come down with患（病）；染上（小病） 16.above all最重要的是；尤其是 必 备 句 型 1.“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句 Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。 2. What concerned him most was that... 最让他担忧的是…… What concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 他最担忧的是农民们经常收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。 3.have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 He had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 他把水泵的把手卸下来了，这样水泵就不能使用了。 4.so...that...如此……以至于…… He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.　他发现霍乱在两条特定的街道上爆发得如此严重，以至于十天内死了500多人。 5.It seemed that...似乎…… It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 看来这位妇女非常喜欢从这个泵中抽取的水，以至于每天都让人把它送到家中。 6.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 　也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。 单元语法 1.主语从句。 2.表语从句。 单元写作 1.写一篇关于农业的议论文。 2.一篇关于科学精神的议论文。 知识点01 重点词类 1.devote vt.把……献（给）；把……专用于；专心于 2.tackle vt.解决（难题）；应付（局面）；处理 3.boost vt.使增长；使兴旺 n．增长；提高；激励 4.convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服 5.intense adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 6.overcome vt.克服；解决；战胜 7.comprise vt.包括；包含；由……组成 8.generate vt.产生；引起 9.widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 10.digest vt. vi.消化 vt.领会；领悟 n．摘要；文摘 11.essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的 12.alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的 13.aspect n．方面；层面 14.suspect vt. vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 15.blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责 16.handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵 17.link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联 18.decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt. vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低 19.cast vt.投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷 20.pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料） 21.outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的 22.besides prep.除……之外（还） adv.而且；此外 23.furthermore adv.此外；再者 24.fault n．弱点；过错 知识点02 高频短语 1.devote...to把…用于；献身；致力；专心 2.be comprised of包括；包含；由…组成 3.deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上 4.in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 5.for instance例如；比如 6.once and for all最终地；彻底地 7.in general总的来说；从总体上看 8.subscribe to同意；赞同；订阅 9.be to blame负有责任 10.thanks to幸亏；由于 11.have an impact on对……有影响 12.break out 突然开始；爆发 13.in charge of主管；掌管 14.under one's leadership在某人的领导下 15.come down with患（病）；染上（小病） 16.above all最重要的是；尤其是 知识点03 重点句型 1.“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句 Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。 2.What concerned him most was that... 最让他担忧的是…… What concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 他最担忧的是农民们经常收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。 3.have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 He had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 他把水泵的把手卸下来了，这样水泵就不能使用了。 4.so...that...如此……以至于…… He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.　他发现霍乱在两条特定的街道上爆发得如此严重，以至于十天内死了500多人。 5.It seemed that...似乎…… It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 看来这位妇女非常喜欢从这个泵中抽取的水，以至于每天都让人把它送到家中。 6.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 　也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。 ✍即时训练 一、单句语法填空。 1. The house ______ ______ we lived last year has been pulled down.（介词 + 关系代词定语从句） 2. What concerned him most ______ (be) that the food shortage would become worse. 3. I had my bike ______ (repair) on my way home yesterday. 4. The problem is ______ severe ______ few people can deal with it. 5. It seemed that the ______ (transform) of farming methods would take a long time. 6. No one is ______ (hard-working) than him in this group. 参考答案与解析 1. in which 解析：live in the house，介词 in 提前；先行词 the house 指物，关系代词用 which。“介词 + which/whom” 引导定语从句。句意：我们去年住的那所房子已经拆除了。 2. was 解析：主语从句 What concerned him most 作主语，视为单数；从句为过去时态，主句 be 动词用 was。固定句型：What concerned him most was that… 最让他担忧的是……。句意：最让他担心的是食物短缺会进一步恶化。 3. repaired 解析：have sth. done 让某物被（别人）做，过去分词作宾补。have + 宾语 + 宾补结构。句意：昨天回家路上我找人修了自行车。 4. so; that 解析：so + 形容词 (severe)+that 从句，“如此…… 以至于”，引导结果状语从句。句意：这个问题如此严重，几乎没人能够处理。 5. transformation 解析：that 后是宾语从句，从句主语需要名词。transform 动词→transformation 名词转变。固定句型 It seemed that… 似乎……。句意：耕作方式的转变似乎需要很长一段时间。 6. more hard-working 解析：否定词 no + 比较级，表达最高级含义，意为 “没有人比他更勤奋 = 他是组内最勤奋的”。句意：在这个小组里没有人比他更勤奋。 二、按照要求补全句子。 1. This is the farm ________________________________________（我们在上面工作过的）。（介词+关系代词） 2. ________________________________________（最让他担忧的是）the river was polluted by chemical waste.（What concerned him most was that…） 3. He ________________________________________（让人把报告打印好了）before the meeting.（have + 宾语 + 宾补） 4. The soup was ________________________________________（如此咸以至于没人想喝）。（so…that…) 5. ________________________________________（似乎）the gifted scientist would offer us assistance.（It seemed that…） 6. Nothing ________________________________________（比健康更重要）。（否定词 + 比较级表最高级） 参考答案和解析 1. On which we worked 解析：考查介词+关系代词。work on the farm，介词 on 提前，先行词 farm，on which 引导定语从句。 2. What concerned him most was that 解析：考查固定主语从句句型，what在主语从句中作主语。 3. had the report printed 解析：考查have +宾语+宾补。have sth. printed 让某物被打印，过去分词作宾补。 4. so salty that nobody wanted to drink it 解析：考查so +形容+ that引导的结果状语从句。 5. It seemed that 解析：考查It seemed that… 固定句型，it 为形式主语。 6. is more important than health 解析：考查否定词+比较级表最高级。 nothing +比较级 more important，表最高级含义：健康最重要。 知识点04 重点语法：主语从句和宾语从句 一、概念 主语从句：在句子中充当主语； 表语从句：在句子中充当表语，（放在系动词后），常见系动词：be /seem/become /appear/remain 等。 二、引导词分类 1. that（只起连接作用，无词义，不作成分，主语从句中一般不省略；表语从句中也不省略） －主语从句：That the food shortage is serious is true.食物短缺问题严峻，这是事实。 －表语从句：The truth is that we need more assistance.事实是我们需要更多援助。 2. whether（是否，不作成分，不能换成 if 引导主语从句 / 表语从句） －主语从句：Whether we can solve the problem matters a lot.我们能否解决这个问题至关重要。 －表语从句：The question is whether the method will work.问题是这个方法是否奏效。 3. 连接代词：what /who/whom /whose/which（有词义，在从句中做主 / 宾 / 定语） －主语从句：What concerns him most is the severe pollution.最让他担忧的是严重的污染。 －表语从句：This is what we need.这就是我们所需要的。 4. 连接副词：when /where/why /how（有词义，作状语） －主语从句：How we transformmm farming methods is important.我们如何转变耕作方式很重要。 －表语从句：The problem is how we get pure water.问题在于我们如何获取纯净水。 三、核心考点 1.主谓一致：主语从句作主语，谓语动词常用单数。 What he said is true. 2. it 作形式主语，真正主语从句后置。 It seems that… 似乎…… It seemed that the transformation would take time.这场转型似乎需要时间 3. 表语从句不能用 if表 “是否”，只能用 whether 4. that在主语从句和表语从句中不可省略。 5. what 在从句必须充当成分；that不充当任何成分 四、常用句型归纳 ✅ 主语从句句型 句型A:What concerns sb. most is that… 最让某人担忧的是…… 句型B:It seems that… 似乎……（it 形式主语，that 从句为主语从句） 句型C:Whether … matters. 是否…… 事关重大 句型D:What we need is … 我们所需要的是…… ✅ 表语从句句型 句型A:The truth /fact is that… 事实是…… 句型B:The problem /question is whether… 问题是是否…… 句型C:That is why… 那就是…… 的原因 句型D:This is where… 这就是…… 的地方 ✍即时训练 一、单句语法填空。 在空白处填入合适引导词（that /what/whether /how/why /where） 1. ________ concerns him most is that the food shortage will get worse. 2. The fact is ________ too much consumption of salty food harms health. 3. ________ we can get pure water quickly remains a big problem. 4. It seemed ________ the transformation of farming methods would be hard. 5. The question is ________ we can get assistance from the gifted scientist. 6. This is ________ chemical waste that polluted the river. 参考答案和解析 1. What 解析：主语从句，what 在从句作主语，“最让他担心的事”。 2. that 解析：表语从句，that 无词义、不作成分，不能省。 3. Whether 解析：主语从句，whether “是否”，不能用 if。 4. that 解析：It seemed that… 固定句型，it 形式主语，that 引导主语从句。 5. whether 解析：表语从句，表示 “是否”，只用 whether。 6. where 解析：表语从句，where 在从句充当地点状语。 二、补全句子。 1. ________________________________________（最让他担忧的是）the chemical waste is hard to deal with.（主语从句） 2. The truth is ________________________________________（营养丰富的食物对健康很重要）。（表语从句） 3. ________________________________________（我们能否解决这个严峻的问题）depends on everyone’s efforts.（主语从句） 4. The problem is ________________________________________（我们如何加快耕作方式的转变）。（表语从句） 5. ________________________________________（似乎）food shortage will continue for some time.（it 形式主语，主语从句） 6. That is ________________________________________（我们需要专家帮助的原因）。（表语从句） 参考答案 1. What concerns him most is that 2. that nutritious food is important to our health 3. Whether we can solve this severe problem 4. How we can speed up the transformation of farming methods 5. It seems that 6. why we need assistance from experts 【考点01】词类转换（派生词）—最高频 1.short adj.短的；矮的；缺乏的；简略的→shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺→shorten v．（使）变短；缩短 2.consume vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝→consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费→consumer n．消费者；用户；客户 3.salt n．盐→salty adj.含盐的；咸的 4.extend vt.伸开；展开；延伸→extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机 5.chemist n．化学家；药剂师→chemistry n．化学→chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品→chemically adv.化学上地 6.nutrition n．营养；滋养→nutritional adj.营养（物）的→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的 7.deep adj.深的→deeply adv.深刻地；强烈地；深沉地→deepen vt.加深；（使）变深→depth n．向下（或向里）的距离；深（度） 8.entire adj.全部的；完全的→entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地 9.severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→severely adv.极为恶劣地；十分严重地；严厉地 10.frustrate vt.使懊恼；使沮丧→frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustration n．沮丧；懊恼；挫败 11.infect vt.使感染；传染→infection n．感染；传染→infectious adj.感染的；传染的 12.prove vt.证明；证明是→proof n．证据；证明；检验 13.intervene vi.干扰→intervention n．介入；干涉 14.pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv.完全地；纯粹地→purify vt.净化；使……洁净 15.transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变→transformation n．转化；转换；变换；变化；变革 16.think v．认为；思考→thinking n．思想；思维；见解 17.find v．发现→finding n．发现；调查结果；（法律）判决 18.initial adj.最初的→initially adv.最初地 19.defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n．防御；保卫；保护 20.assist vt. vi.帮助；协助→assistant n．助理；助手→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助 21.gift n．礼物；天赋→gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的 22.steady adj.稳定的→steadily adv.稳定地 23.vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividly adv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地 24.science n.科学 →scientist n.科学家 →scientific adj科学的 ✍即时训练 一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. Due to food ________ (short), many local people suffered a lot. 2. Too much sugar ________ (consume) is harmful to our health. 3. The river was ________ (pollute) by ________ (chemistry) waste. 4. The ________ (infect) disease spread quickly across the area. 5. ________ (initial), we didn’t realize how serious the problem was. 6. The doctor’s timely ________ (intervene) saved the patient. 7. The event ________ (transform) his whole life, and the ________ (transform) amazed everyone. 8. She offered ________ (assist) when I was in trouble. 9. He is a ________ (gift) musician and can play the piano well. 10. The rain became ________ (severe) and we had to stay indoors. 11. The soup tastes ________ (salt), so please add some water. 12. The ________ (nutrient) value of vegetables should not be ignored. 13. The ________ (frustrate) look on his face showed he failed the experiment. 14. We need ________ (pure) water to do this ________ (science) experiment. 15. The army ________ (defense) the border bravely. 参考答案和详解 1. shortage 解析：food shortage 食物短缺。short 形容词 “短的”；shortage 名词，短缺。句意：由于食物短缺，很多当地人受苦。 2. consumption 解析：sugar consumption 食糖消耗，此处需要名词作主语。consume 动词消耗；consumption 名词消耗。句意：过多糖分的摄入有害健康。 3. chemical 解析：chemical waste 化学废弃物，形容词修饰名词 waste。chemist 化学家；chemistry 化学；chemical 形容词化学的。句意：这条河流被化学废料污染。 4. infectious 解析：修饰名词 disease，需要形容词。infect（v. 传染）→ infectious（adj. 传染的）。infectious disease 传染病。句意：这种传染病在该地区快速传播。 5. Initially 解析：副词放句首，修饰整个句子。initial 形容词最初的；initially 副词起初。句意：起初，我们没有意识到问题有多严重。 6. intervention 解析：timely 是形容词，后面接名词。intervene 动词干预；intervention 名词介入、干预。句意：医生及时的干预挽救了病人。 7. transformed; transformation 解析：第一空作谓语，用动词过去式 transformed；第二空 the 后接名词 transformation。transform 动词使改观；transformation 名词变革、转变。句意：这件事改变了他整个人生，这场转变让所有人惊叹。 8. assistance 解析：offer assistance 提供帮助，offer 后接名词。assist 动词协助；assistance 名词援助。句意：我遇到困难时她伸出援手。 9. gifted 解析：gifted 形容词，有天赋的，修饰 musician。gift 名词礼物，天赋；gifted 有天赋的。句意：他是一名天才钢琴家。 10. severe 解析：become 是系动词，后接形容词作表语。severe 形容词严重的；severely 副词。句意：雨下得很大，我们不得不待在室内。 11. salty 解析：taste 为系动词，后面用形容词作表语。salt（n. 盐）→ salty（adj. 咸的）。句意：汤尝起来很咸，请加点水。 12. nutritional 解析：修饰名词 value 要用形容词。nutrition（n. 营养）→ nutritional（adj. 营养的）。nutritional value 营养价值。句意：蔬菜的营养价值不容忽视。 13. frustrated 解析：修饰 look（表情），表示 “人感到沮丧的”，用 frustrated。frustrate（v. 使沮丧）→ frustrated（adj. 感到沮丧的）。句意：他脸上沮丧的神情表明实验失败了。 14. pure; scientific 解析：①修饰 water 用形容词 pure（纯净的）；②修饰 experiment 用形容词 scientific（科学的）。pure（adj. 纯净的）；science（n. 科学）→ scientific（adj. 科学的）。句意：我们需要纯净水来做这项科学实验。 15. defended 解析：本句缺少谓语动词，defense/defence是名词，动词为 defend，用一般过去式 defended。defend（v. 保卫）；defence/defense（n. 防御）。句意：军队勇敢保卫边境。 二、语法填空（考点全覆盖：派生词变形） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nowadays, food 1. (short) remains a serious challenge in some remote areas. Excessive 2. (consume) of processed food with too much 3. (salt) flavour also damages local people’s health. The local government took 4. (initial) action to change the situation. They forbade factories from pouring 5. (chemistry) waste into rivers so that villagers could get 6. (pure) drinking water. Experts offered 7. (assist) farmers to grow crops of high 8. (nutrition) value. A 9. (gift) scientist pointed out that the 10. (transform) of traditional farming methods would help solve this severe problem. However, the whole project may be frustrating. Some old farmers felt deeply frustrated when learning new skills, but timely intervention helped them out. With a deeper understanding of agricultural science, people gradually realized the entire plan was practical. If carried out steadily, the measures will bring a vivid improvement to people’s lives. 参考答案与解析 1. shortage 解析：考查名词作主语。short (adj.)→shortage (n. 短缺) food shortage 食物短缺。 2. consumption 解析：考查名词作主语。consume (v.)→consumption (n. 消耗，消费)。 3. salty 解析：考查形容词修饰名词 flavour。salt (n.)→salty (adj. 咸的)。 4. initial 解析：考查形容词修饰名词 action。initially (adv.)→initial (adj. 最初的)。 5. chemical 解析：考查形容词修饰名词 waste。chemistry (n.)→chemical (adj. 化学的)。 6. pure 解析：考查形容词修饰 water。pure (adj. 纯净的)。 7. assistance 解析：考查名词作 offer 宾语。assist (v.)→assistance (n. 帮助，援助)。 8. nutritional 解析：考查形容词修饰 value。nutrition (n.)→nutritional (adj. 营养的)。 9. gifted 解析：考查形容词修饰 scientist。gift (n. 天赋)→gifted （adj. 有天赋的）。 10. transformation 解析：考查transform的名词形式。transform (v.)→transformation (n. 转变，变革)。 【考点02】devote vt. 把…… 献 （给）；把…… 专用于；专心于 同族词：devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠实的；投入的 devotion n. 奉献；挚爱；忠诚 重要语块：1.devote oneself to (doing) sth 献身于；致力于 2.devote sth to (doing) sth 把…… 用于…… 3.be devoted to (doing) sth 致力于；投身于（to 是介词，后接名词 / 动名词） 经典例句： 1.He devoted himself to agricultural research all his life.他一生致力于农业研究。 2.Most of his spare time is devoted to studying new farming technology. 他大部分业余时间都用来研究新型耕作技术。 ✍学以致用 Ⅰ.单句语法填空：用括号内动词正确形式填空。 1._____________(devote) to rural development, the scientist won wide respect from local farmers. 2.What we admire most _____________(be) the energy _____________he devotes to solving food‑security problems. 3.The truth is that the time _____________we devote to field work is worthwhile. 4.This is the researcher to _____________many young learners devote their attention. 答案和解析 1.Devoted　解析：过去分词作状语，be devoted to 省略 be。 2.was；that/which　解析：What 主语从句作主语谓语单数；先行词 energy，定语从句作宾语。 3.that/which　解析：定语从句修饰 time，在从句作 devote 宾语。 4.whom　解析：介词 to 后指人用 whom。 Ⅱ。按照要求进行句子改写。 1.As he was devoted to tackling poverty, he seldom spent time with his family.（改为过去分词作状语） Devoted to tackling poverty, he seldom spent time with his family. 2.The thing that draws our attention is that he devotes all his life to agriculture.（改写为What 引导主语从句，保留表语从句） What draws our attention is that he devotes all his life to agriculture. 3.We respect the expert. A great deal of energy is devoted to his research.（合并为whose 引导定语从句） We respect the expert whose research a great deal of energy is devoted to. 4.The fact is this. He devotes much effort to helping poor farmers.（合并为that引导表语从句） The fact is that he devotes much effort to helping poor farmers. 【考点03】：convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服 同族词：convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的（修饰人） convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的（修饰事物） conviction n. 确信；信念 重要语块：1.convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事 2.convince sb that‑clause 使某人相信…… 3.try to convince sb to do sth 尽力说服某人做某事（未必成功） 4.be convinced of /that… 确信…… 经典例句 1.We tried to convince local farmers of the advantages of green farming. 我们尽力让当地农民相信绿色农业的优势。 2.I am convinced that science can transform traditional agriculture. 我确信科学可以改变传统农业。 ✍即时训练 I.单句语法填空。 1._____________(convince) of the value of new technology, the farmers decided to have a try. 2.What _____________(convince) us most is the evidence _____________the expert has collected. 3.The question is _____________we can convince those farmers who are conservative. 4.The argument _____________(convince) enough will change the opinion of people _____________doubt new methods. 参考答案和解析 1.Convinced　解析：be convinced of，过去分词作状语。 2.convinced；that/which　解析：What 主语从句作主语；evidence 为先行词，定语从句作 collected 宾语。 3.whether　解析：表语从句表 “是否”，不能用 if。 4.convincing；who　解析：convincing 现在分词作定语修饰 argument；those 指人，定语从句用 who。 II.按照提示完成句子。 1._____________（最让我们信服的是）that green farming can boost grain output.（What 引导主语从句） 2._____________（被这些数据说服），many villagers accepted the new planting mode.（分词作状语） 3.The truth is _____________（我们必须拿出令人信服的证据来说服持怀疑态度的人）。（表语从句） 4.We need a researcher _____________（whose 引导定语从句，他的观点能够说服广大农民）。 参考答案 1.What convinces us most 2.Convinced by these statistics/data 3.that we must come up with convincing evidence to convince doubters 4.whose opinions can convince large numbers of farmers 【考点04】suspect vt. vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 同族词：suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑 suspicious adj. 怀疑的；可疑的 重要语块：suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人（做了）某事 suspect that‑clause 怀疑……（从句常用陈述语气） be suspicious of 对…… 感到怀疑 经典例句 1.Researchers suspect that chemical waste is to blame for soil pollution. 研究人员怀疑化学废弃物是土壤污染的罪魁祸首。 2.People are suspicious of the effect of the new fertilizer. 人们对这种新型肥料的效果心存怀疑。 ✍即时训练 I.单句语法填空。 1._____________(suspect) of hiding experimental data, the researcher came under public criticism. 2.What we _____________(suspect) most is something _____________nobody dares to mention. 3.The fact is _____________many local people are suspicious of the newly‑introduced technology. 4.The expert _____________we suspect is doing research on soil pollution has published a new report. 参考答案和解析 1.Suspected　解析：过去分词作状语，researcher 和 suspect 被动关系。 2.suspect；that/which　解析：What 主语从句；先行词 something，定语从句作 mention 宾语。 3.that　解析：表语从句，句意完整不缺成分。 4.whom/who/that　解析：先行词 the expert 指人，定语从句作 suspect的宾语。 II.按照要求进行句式改写。 1.Because he was suspected of making wrong conclusions, he lost his position in the project.（改为过去分词作状语） Suspected of making wrong conclusions, he lost his position in the project. 2.The thing that makes us suspicious is that the test results are changeable.（改写 What 引导主语从句，保留表语从句） What makes us suspicious is that the test results are changeable. 3.We suspect the factory. Its waste pollutes the nearby farmland.（合并 whose 引导定语从句） We suspect the factory whose waste pollutes the nearby farmland. 4.The truth is this. We suspect that chemical waste worsens soil quality.（合并 that 引导表语从句） The truth is that we suspect that chemical waste worsens soil quality. 【考点05】blame vt. 把…… 归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责 重要语块：blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人 blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于…… take the blame for sth 为某事承担责任 be to blame (for sth) （对某事）负有责任（主动形式表被动含义，无被动） 经典例句 1.Don’t blame farmers for the poor harvest. It is caused by natural disasters. 不要因为收成差责怪农民，这是自然灾害造成的。 2.Chemical pollution is to blame for the worsening soil quality. 土壤质量恶化，化学污染难辞其咎。 ✍即时训练 I.单句语法填空 1._____________(blame) for the polluted river, the factory had to take practical measures. 2.What is to blame for the disaster _____________(remain) unknown to the public. 3.The truth is that it is human activities _____________are partly to blame for farmland damage. 4.The problem is _____________we should put the blame on, for nobody is totally blameless. 参考答案和解析 1.Blamed　解析：factory 与 blame 被动，过去分词作状语。 2.remains　解析：What 主语从句作主语，谓语单数。 3.that　解析：定语从句修饰 human activities，从句缺主语。 4.whom/who　解析：表语从句中 on 缺少宾语，指人。 II.按照要求完成句子。 1._____________（最让专家担忧的是）that human action is partly to blame for soil pollution.（What 主语从句） 2._____________（因这次环境事故受到指责），the company improved its waste‑treatment system.（分词作状语） 3.The fact is _____________（我们不应该把收成不好归咎于农民）。（表语从句；blame 搭配） 4.This is the chemical plant _____________（介词 + which 定语从句，这场水污染事故应由它负责）。 参考答案 1.What concerns experts most 2.Blamed for the environmental accident 3.that we should not blame farmers for the poor harvest 4.for which the water-pollution accident is to blame 【考点06】 frustrate vt. 使懊恼；使沮丧；使受挫；阻挠 同族词：frustrated adj. 感到沮丧的 frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的 frustration n. 沮丧；挫败；挫折 重要语块：frustrate one’s hopes/plans 使某人希望 / 计划受挫 feel frustrated about 对…… 感到沮丧 to one’s frustration令某人沮丧的是 经典例句 1.Repeated failures frustrated many young agricultural researchers. 一次次失败让很多年轻农业科研人员倍感沮丧。 2.It is frustrating that food shortage still exists in some poor areas. 令人沮丧的是，部分贫困地区仍然存在粮食短缺问题。 ✍即时训练 I.单句语法填空。 1._____________(frustrate) by continuous bad harvests, some young farmers wanted to give up. 2.What made them _____________(frustrate) was the difficulty _____________they could not overcome. 3.The truth is _____________many researchers feel frustrated when facing repeated failures. 4.The _____________(frustrate) situation _____________we are facing calls for new technical support. 参考答案和解析 1.Frustrated　解析：主语 farmers 和 frustrate 被动，过去分词作状语。 2.frustrated；that/which　解析：make sb. +‑ed；先行词 difficulty，定语从句作 overcome 宾语。 3.that　解析：表语从句，语义完整。 4.frustrating；that/which　解析：frustrating 现在分词作定语修饰 situation；定语从句作 face 宾语。 II.按照要求进行句式改写。 1.Because they were frustrated by low yields, some farmers doubted the new technology.（改为过去分词作状语） Frustrated by low yields, some farmers doubted the new technology. 2.The thing that makes people frustrated is that natural disasters damage crops.（改写 What 引导主语从句，保留表语从句） What makes people frustrated is that natural disasters damage crops. 3.We know those young researchers. Their plans were frustrated by bad weather.（合并 whose 引导定语从句） We know those young researchers whose plans were frustrated by bad weather. 4.The fact is this. It is frustrating to meet countless difficulties in farming research.（合并 that 引导表语从句） The fact is that it is frustrating to meet countless difficulties in farming research. 辨析01 devote…to 与 be devoted to 短语 用法 例句 devote…to sth/doing sth 动词短语，“把…… 致力于 / 奉献于”；to 为介词，后接名词 / 动名词 He devotes most of his spare time to agricultural research. be devoted to sth/doing sth 被动‑形容词化结构，“致力于；献身于”；to 为介词 The scientist is devoted to solving food‑security problems. 补充：devote oneself to = be devoted to 献身于…… 他致力于帮助贫困孩子。 He devotes himself to helping poor children. =He is devoted to helping poor children. 辨析02 so…that… 与 such…that… 结构 构成 例句 so…that… so+adj.adv.+that 从句；so+many/much/few/little +名词that The flood was so severe that countless crops were destroyed. such…that… such+(a/an)+adj.+名词+ that 从句 It was such a terrible disaster that many farmers lost their homes. 补充：so…that 句型中，so 置于句首要部分倒装。 The flood was so severe that countless crops were destroyed. →So severe was the flood that countless crops were destroyed. 辨析03 have + 宾语 + 宾补三种形式 结构 含义 例句 have sth done 让某事由别人做； 遭遇不好的事情。 He had the old pump repaired by a local worker. have sb do sth 让某人做某事（主动，一次性） The manager had the workers finish the task ahead of time. have sb/sth doing 让某人/某物一直做，保持状态 He had the machine running day and night. 辨析 04 that /what 引导名词性主语从句和表语从句 引导词 充当成分 含义 例句 that 不作成分，无词义，只起连接 无 The truth is that food shortage deserves our full attention. what 在从句做主 / 宾 / 表 …… 的事物 / 情况 What concerns us most is the pollution of farmland. 辨析05 whether 与 if 引导名词性从句 引导词 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 whether ✅可用 ✅可用 ✅可用 if ❌不可置于句首 ❌不能引导表语从句 ✅可用 例句： 1.Whether we can boost grain output matters greatly.（主语从句，不用 If） 2.The question is whether we can get enough pure water.（表语从句，不用 if） 题型 考查内容 示例 建议题量 / 难度 单词拼写 词汇拼写 + 派生词变形 根据汉语提示写 shortage，transformation 15题★ 单句语法填空 词形转换、主语从句、表语从句、介词 + 关系代词定语从句、重点句型 What concerned him most was food shortage. 20题★★ 完成句子 重点句型仿写（主语从句、表语从句、have 宾补、so…that…否定词 + 比较级、It seemed that…介词 + 关系代词） 最让研究者担忧的是土壤污染会降低粮食产量：What concerns researchers most is that soil pollution will reduce grain yields. 10题★★ 选词填空 短文语境选词变形 方框词：transform，assist，convince，tackle，boost 填入短文 10题★★ 单项选择 易混辨析（what/that；whether/if；have 宾补；devote 搭配；so/such…that） 10题★★ 句型转换 同义改写：主语从句↔it 作形式主语；so…that 改写 5题★★★ 短语翻译 汉译英：致力于；对…… 产生影响；幸亏；例如；由…… 组成 12题★ 词义配对 短语与释义连线 10题★ 书面表达 应用文投稿 仿照高考难度的应用文 1题★★★ 技巧 一句话要点 派生词变形 先判断空格充当名 / 形 / 副 / 动词，注意后缀‑age/‑ion/‑ity/‑al/‑ly；注意‑ed/‑ing 形容词区别 主语从句解题两步走 看从句缺不缺成分；缺主宾表用 what；不缺成分用 that；表 “是否” 句首只用 whether 表语从句解题两步走 系动词后为从句；缺成分用 what/how/who；不缺含义成分用 that；表是否只用 whether “介词 + 关系代词” 定语从句 先还原动词固定搭配；介词提前，指物用 which，指人用 whom，禁用 that have + 宾语 + 宾补 分清 done（别人做 / 遭遇）；do（让某人做）；doing（持续进行） so…that 与 such…that 看中心词：中心形容词副词用 so；中心名词用 such；many/much/few/little 固定用 so 否定词 + 比较级表最高级 看到 nothing/no + 比较级 than，翻译直接转为最高级含义 介词 to 陷阱 devote…to /be devoted to 中 to 是介词，后面接 doing，不是 do 书面表达农业 / 科学主题 优先使用 What concerns sb most is that… / The truth is that… / It seemed that… 提升作文档次 【题型一】单词拼写。 根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式。 1.Food s__________________（短缺） still troubles some remote poor areas. 2.Too much c__________________（消耗） of natural resources brings ecological risks. 3.The workers plan to e__________________（扩大） the local organic farm next year. 4.People fear c__________________（化学的） waste will damage farmland. 5.Fresh fruits provide enough n__________________（营养） for human bodies. 6.The serious accident d__________________（深刻地） changed his view on agriculture. 7.They met a s__________________（极为严重的） crisis during the farming‑reform process. 8.Failure may f__________________（使沮丧） those young agricultural researchers. 9.The virus may i__________________（传染） farm animals under certain conditions. 10.Time will p__________________（证明） that green farming is a wise choice. 11.Experts had to i__________________（干预） to prevent the food crisis. 12.We need p__________________（纯净的） water for crop experiments. 13.High‑tech will t__________________（使改观） traditional farming in the near future. 14.Soldiers will d__________________（保卫） our homeland at all costs. 15.Volunteers will a__________________（协助） local farmers during harvest seasons. 参考答案 1.shortage 2.consumption 3.expand 4.chemical 5.nutrition 6.deeply 7.severe 8.frustrate 9.infect 10.prove 11.intervene 12.pure 13.transform 14.defend 15.assist 【题型二】真题改编实战（单句语法填空）。 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1._____________ concerns local farmers most is that soil pollution is getting worse. 2.The truth is _____________ we should attach great importance to food security. 3.The scientist was fully _____________(devote) to tackling rural poverty. 4.We had the old farm tools _____________(short) to save storage space.（have + 宾语 + 宾补） 5.The flood was _____________ severe _____________ many fields were flooded.（无提示词 so…that） 6.No other method has a _____________(great) influence on crop output than this one.（否定词 + 比较级） 7.It seemed that the _____________(transform) of farming modes would take decades. 8.Timely _____________(intervene) from experts helped local farmers out of trouble. 9.We are in great need of _____________(nutrition) guidance for new-type planting. 10._____________(initial), few villagers accepted the modern farming technology. 11.This is the farm _____________ on which many generations of farmers have worked. 12.The question is _____________ we can get enough financial support for the project. 13.Thanks to _____________(convince) evidence, more farmers accepted the new theory. 14.The group _____________(comprise) of agricultural experts will carry out field research. 15._____________(generate) more high-quality food is the main goal of the research. 16.In turn, good harvests have a positive impact _____________ people’s daily lives. 17.The _____________(intense) of the drought caused huge losses to agriculture. 18.He tried every means _____________(overcome) all kinds of natural barriers. 19.For _____________(instance), chemical fertilizers may do harm to soil quality. 20._____________ is obvious that science plays a key role in modern agriculture. 参考答案 1.What 2.that 3.devoted 4.shortened 5.so; that 6.greater 7.transformation 8.intervention 9.nutritional 10.Initially 11.on 12.whether 13.convincing 14.comprised 15.Generating 16.on 17.intensity 18.to overcome 19.instance 20.It 【题型三】完成句子 1. What concerns experts most （最让专家担忧的是） is that extreme weather will influence grain harvests. 2. The truth is that（事实是）we should make full use of land resources to develop green agriculture. 3. He had the worn‑out farm tools repaired（把破旧农具修理好） for the spring planting.（have + 宾语 +宾补） 4. The drought was so severe that the local grain output dropped sharply（如此严重以至于当地粮食产量大幅下降）。（so…that…) 5. It seemed that （似乎）new technology would bring great changes to traditional agriculture. 6. Nothing is more important than food security（没有什么比粮食安全对一个国家更重要）。（否定词 + 比较级表最高级） 7. This is the farm to which the scientist has devoted his whole life（那位科学家为之奉献毕生心血的）。（介词 +关系代词引导定语从句） 8. Whether we can overcome natural disasters （我们能否战胜自然灾害）depends on technology and joint efforts.（whether 引导主语从句） 9. That is why（那就是为什么 ）we should popularize scientific planting technology on a large scale. 10. Thanks to experts’ assistance（多亏专家的援助），local farmers overcame difficulties successfully; in turn（转而）， grain output increased. 【题型四】短文选词填空。 transform, assist, convince, tackle, boost, severe, nutrition, initial, intervene, pure, steady, salty 阅读短文，用方框内单词适当形式填空，每词可选用一次，有多余词。 Nowadays, scientists are trying hard 1.____________the worldwide food-security problem. Their 2.__________ idea is to develop new farming technology. New techniques can 3.__________ crop production greatly.Some local farms have been completely 4.__________. Experts offer 5.__________ to farmers and give them 6.___________advice on crop planting.Farmers used to face 7.___________challenges, such as 8.__________soil and lack of 9.___________water. Timely 10.___________from government also helps improve the situation step by step. 参考答案 1.to tackle 2.initial 3.boost 4.transformed 5.assistance 6.nutritional 7.severe 8.salty 9.pure 10.intervention 【题型五】单项选择。 1._______is known to us all is that food shortage needs worldwide attention. A.It B.What C.That D.As 2.The fact is______ many farmers are in great need of technical support. A.what B.whether C.that D.if 3.The question is______ we can find effective ways to reduce soil pollution. A.if B.whether C.what D.that 4.He had his new house______ last month, so he can move in soon. A.build B.built C.building D.to build 5.Nothing is______ valuable than the experience gained from farming practice. A.more B.most C.less D.least 6.This is the farm______ he devoted most of his youth. A.which B.to which C.on that D.for which 7.He is devoted to______ new methods to increase grain output. A.find B.finding C.be found D.being found 8.The disaster was______ serious______ hundreds of villages suffered heavy losses. A.such; that B.so; that C.such a; that D.so a; that 9.______we can make full use of mineral resources remains to be seen. A.If B.That C.Whether D.What 10.It is obvious______ modern science can help us solve agricultural difficulties. A.what B.whether C.that D.how 参考答案：1‑5 BC BBA 6‑10 BBBCC 【题型六】按要求进行句型转换。 1.What concerns him most is the high risk of food shortage.（改写为 it 作形式主语） →It is the high risk of food shortage that concerns him most. 2.The problem is whether we can get enough assistance.（改为 it 作形式主语） →It remains a problem whether we can get enough assistance. 3.The flood was so severe that many crops were destroyed.（改为 such…that…） →It was such a severe flood that many crops were destroyed. 4.Food safety is the most essential thing.（改为“否定词+比较级”表示最高级的句子） →No other thing is more essential than food safety. 5.This is the farm. He devoted all his life to it.（合并为介词 + 关系代词定语从句） →This is the farm to which he devoted all his life. 【题型七】短语汉译英。 1. 致力于；献身于__________________ 2. 由…… 组成______________________ 3. 对…… 产生影响__________________ 4. 幸亏；由于_______________________ 5. 转而；相应地____________________ 6. 例如；比如_______________________ 7. 最终地；彻底地__________________ 8. 总的来说_________________________ 9. 负有责任________________________ 10. 最重要的是；尤其是______________ 11. 在某人的领导下_________________ 12. 主管；掌管______________________ 参考答案 1.devote…to / be devoted to 2.be comprised of 3.have an impact on 4.thanks to 5.in turn 6.for instance 7.once and for all 8.in general 9.be to blame 10.above all 11.under one’s leadership12.in charge of 【题型八】词义配对（短语中文释义连线） 1. devote…to       A. 幸亏，由于 2.be comprised of    B. 最重要的是，尤其是 3.in turn        C. 致力于，献身于 4.thanks to       D. 由…… 组成 5.for instance     E. 相应地；转而 6.once and for all   F. 总的来说 7.in general      G. 例如，比如 8.be to blame     H. 最终地，彻底地 9.above all      I. 负有责任 10.in charge of     J. 主管，掌管 参考答案 1‑C 2‑D 3‑E 4‑A 5‑G 6‑H 7‑F 8‑I 9‑B 10‑J 【题型九】 微话题写作：科学精神 假如你是高二学生李华，你校英语报刊开展主题征文活动，请你以The Spirit of Science为题写一篇英语议论文投稿。 写作要点： 1. 阐述你理解的科学精神的内涵； 2. 举例说明科学精神带来的改变； 3. 谈谈作为高中生如何践行科学精神。 注意事项： 1.词数：80词左右； 2.必须至少使用一处主语从句、一处表语从句； 3.尽量使用本单元重点语块：devote…to, overcome, transform, tackle, have an impact on, for instance, thanks to, in turn； 4.行文连贯，可适当增加细节。 ✍写作支架（审题+单元语块&语法提示） 1. 必用语法 －主语从句：What concerns us most is that… / Whether we can make progress depends on… －表语从句：The truth is that… / That is why… 2. 单元重点语块 devote oneself to（致力于）；overcome difficulties（克服困难）；transform（使改观）；tackle problems（处理难题）；have an impact on（对…… 产生影响）；for instance（例如）；thanks to（幸亏）；in turn（转而） The Spirit of Science __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文 The Spirit of Science What concerns us most is that the spirit of science is the driving force behind social progress. It consists of devotion, courage to overcome difficulties and the desire to tackle real‑world problems. Thanks to scientific efforts, human society has been greatly transformed. For instance, outstanding scientists devote themselves to agricultural research, which has a huge impact on global food security. In turn, their achievements improve ordinary people’s lives. The truth is that the spirit of science is not only for researchers but also for every student. Whether we can make small breakthroughs in our studies depends on whether we keep exploring bravely. We should learn to think critically and face failures bravely in our daily learning. ✍范文精深练习：句式挖空仿写练习 1. ________________________（最让我们关注的是） that the spirit of science is the driving force behind social progress. It consists of devotion, courage to ____________（克服困难） and the desire to ____________（处理现实难题）。 2. ____________（幸亏） scientific efforts, human society has been greatly ____________（使改观）。 ____________（例如）， outstanding scientists ____________（致力于） agricultural research, which ____________（对…… 产生巨大影响） global food security. ____________（转而）， their achievements improve ordinary people’s lives. 3. ________________________（事实是） that the spirit of science is not only for researchers but also for every student. ________________________（我们能否取得小突破） depends on whether we keep exploring bravely. We should learn to think critically and face failures bravely in our daily learning. 参考答案 1. What concerns us most is that; overcome difficulties; tackle real-world problems 2. Thanks to; transformed; For instance; devote themselves to; has a huge impact on; In turn 3. The truth is that; Whether we can make small breakthroughs 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $