专题02 选择性必修第一册Unit 3～Unit 4动名词作主语，宾语和表语（期中复习讲义）高二英语上学期人教版

专题02 动名词作主语、宾语和表语（提升版） 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点一：动名词作主语 考点二：动名词作宾语 考点三：动名词作表语 考点四：单元重点句式 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练/综合进阶练 本本专题为选必一 Unit3‑Unit4 期中核心语法考点，动名词（doing）是期中语法填空、短文改错高频命题点，同时渗透阅读理解长难句分析、书面表达句式升级。 1.语法填空：多给出动词原形，要求判断变形为动名词，考查动名词作主语、宾语、表语；高频拉分考点：动名词复合结构、介词to陷阱短语、need/want/require doing主动表被动；嵌套定语、状语从句的复杂语境是期中热门考法。 2.短文改错：常见错误：动词原形充当主语；doing/to do混用；动名词复合结构误用宾格；分词逻辑主语不匹配；混淆动名词与现在分词作表语；even though与but连用错误；部分否定句式误用。 3.阅读理解：长难句经常嵌套动名词成分、全部倒装、with复合结构、not all部分否定；要求学生可以拆分主干，识别非谓语充当的句子成分，理解句意。 4.书面表达：高考应用文，要求能够主动使用动名词作主语 / 宾语 / 表语，结合单元高级句式（倒装、让步、with 复合结构、部分否定）提升作文档次；话题常围绕自然公园游览、跨文化肢体语言交际两大单元主题。 复习目标 复习重点： 1.Unit3核心语法：动名词作主语；深度辨doing泛指习惯VS to do特指单次具体动作；动名词复合结构在嵌套从句中的识别与运用；it作形式主语固定句型在长难句中的识别； 2.Unit3拓展句式：全部倒装嵌套定语从句；even though/even if省略结构嵌入复合长难句； 3.Unit4核心语法：动名词作宾语；辨析remember/forget/stop/regret后doing /to do语义差异；介词to陷阱在复合句中的识别；need/want/require doing语境精准判断；动名词作表语与现在分词作表语深度辨析； 4.Unit4拓展句式：with复合结构与分词状语叠加嵌套；现在分词作状语逻辑主语正误判断；not all部分否定嵌套定语从句。 复习难点： 1. 复杂长难句中定位动名词充当主语/宾语/表语；根据语境区分doing与to do； 2. 动名词复合结构置于定语从句中，书面考试必须使用名词所有格/物主代词，拒绝宾格； 3. 易混动词remember/forget/stop/regret后doing/to do语义区分； 4.with 复合结构doing/done精准判断；现在分词作状语逻辑主语不一致陷阱； 5. 倒装、让步从句、部分否定混合嵌套长难句拆解。 考情规律 语法填空：嵌套定语/状语从句语境下考查动名词变形；动名词复合结构；介词to陷阱；need/want/require doing主动表被动。 短文改错：doing/to do混用；复合结构误用宾格；分词逻辑主语不匹配；混淆部分否定与完全否定；动名词、现在分词表语混淆。 阅读理解：拆分含有动名词、倒装、with复合结构、嵌套式部分否定的高考同源长难句。 书面表达：高考应用文，能够综合运用动名词+Unit3‑Unit4多种高级句式；写作话题固定：Body Language 肢体语言（Unit4 单元话题）。 考点1：动名词作主语 教材原句回顾：Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling whether it is morning or night is impossible. 即使阳光明媚，也分辨不出是早上还是夜晚。 【用法详解】 1.doing VS to do作主语语义辨析 •动名词 doing作主语：泛指习惯性、一般性客观事实、爱好。 •不定式 to do作主语：特指某一次、尚未发生的具体任务。 例句1：Wandering in the valley broadens our horizons. 例句2：To finish the exploration within one day is a tough challenge for our group. 2.it作形式主语固定句型提升：It is no use / It is no good后面只能接doing，绝对不接to do。 3. 动名词复合结构one’s doing作主语（长难句考点） 长难句示例：His being late, which made us miss the buffet in the glacier‑park service centre, annoyed every member in our group. 解析：His being late动名词复合结构作主句主语；中间嵌套非限制性定语从句；书面严禁使用Him being late。 【易混警示】 ❌ Him being late caused us to miss the sightseeing. ✅ His being late caused us to miss the sightseeing. 【即时训练】选用doing /to do填空 1. _________ (hike) in mountainous national parks is my lifelong hobby.（泛指爱好） 2. _________ (complete) this tough survey in two days will be a big challenge for us.（特指单次任务） 考点2：动名词作宾语 教材原句回顾：People avoid making direct eye‑contact to show respect. 人们避免直接进行眼神接触以示尊重。 【用法详解】 1. 必背只接doing作宾语动词清单：suggest, finish, avoid, practise, mind, enjoy, escape, risk, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit, delay, forbid。 2. 高频易混动词：remember / forget / stop / regret后接doing /to‑do语义差异 动词 接 doing（动作已经发生） 接 to‑do（动作尚未发生） remember 记得做过某事 记得要去做某事 forget 忘记做过某事 忘记要去做某事 stop 停下正在做的事 停下来，去做另一件事 regret 后悔做过某事 遗憾将要去做某事 3.⚠️介词to陷阱（复合句中同样适用）：look forward to / devote oneself to / be used to / pay attention to中to 是介词，后必须接doing，不能接 to do。 4.need / want / require doing：物作主语，主动形式表被动含义，等价于need/want/require to be done；人作主语用to do。 The research paper on body‑language requires polishing. =The research paper on body‑language requires to be polished. 长难句示例：Many foreigners consider observing various gestures, which reflect local cultural features, to be of great importance. 解析：consider 后 observing 为动名词作宾语，中间嵌套非限制性定语从句。 【即时训练】 He regretted _________ (miss) the chance to learn about non‑verbal communication.（后悔已经错过） 考点3: 动名词作表语 1. 含义：放在系动词（be）后面，说明主语是什么（内容），不是描述主语特征。本质相当于名词。 2. 公式：主语 + be + doing （动名词，表内容） 3. 关键判断：主表可以互换，句子意思不变 例：My hobby is reading.= Reading is my hobby. 4. 区分【动名词作表语】vs【现在分词作表语】 项目 动名词 doing（名词性，表内容） 现在分词 doing（形容词性，表特征） 本质 一件事情 / 活动 令人…… 的（修饰事物） 互换测试 ✅主表可互换 ❌不能互换 例句 My job is teaching. =Teaching is my job. The story is interesting. ≠Interesting is the story. 一句话口诀： 能互换，是动名词；不能换，是分词。 📝即时训练。 一、单句语法填空 1.My favourite sport is______________( swim). 2.The film was ____________(move) and we felt greatly___________(move). 3.His task is ___________(clean)the classroom. 4.The news was so_________(surprise) and almost everyone became_______________(surprise). 二、句子改写：主表互换（动名词作表语） 1.My hobby is reading. → 2.My job is looking after kids. 3.His favourite activity is fishing. 4.Our task is making our country become stronger and stronger. 三、翻译。 1.我的爱好是爬山。 __________________________________________________ 2.Seeing is believing. __________________________________________________ 3.考试结果令人失望。 __________________________________________________ 4.他所喜欢的是和他人和谐相处。__________________________________________________ 考点4: 单元拓展句式 句式 A：全部倒装+定语从句嵌套 教材原句：Following the reindeer were the Sami people, who made this territory their home. 跟随着驯鹿而来的是萨米人，他们把这片土地当作家园。 【用法详解】现在分词置于句首倒装，be 动词单复数由后面真正的主语决定，主语可以带上定语从句。 例句：Lying within the territory is an ancient wooden house which dates back to hundreds of years ago. 矗立在这片地域之内的，是一座拥有数百年历史的古老木屋。 【即时训练】改写句子（倒装+定语从句） An old temple that was built long ago lies at the edge of the glacier. _______________________________________________________________. 句式 B：even though /even if 让步状语从句（省略+嵌套从句） 【用法详解】主从句主语一致并且含有 be 动词，可以省略主语 + be；可以和定语从句叠加。 例句：Even though exhausted, the tourists who came from abroad kept wandering through the vast valley. 尽管筋疲力尽，来自国外的游客依旧在广阔的山谷中漫游。 ⚠️even though /even if不能与but连用。 【即时训练】完成句子（嵌套定语从句） ___________________________（即使疲惫不堪）, the visitors who came to admire the glacier kept moving forward. 句式C：with复合结构叠加现在分词作状语 教材原句：With his arms crossed, he looked unfriendly.他双臂交叉，看起来并不友好。 【用法详解】with+宾语+宾补可以和主句的现在分词状语叠加；doing表主动；done表被动。 例句：With his arms folded, realizing he had misunderstood the gesture, he offered a sincere apology. 他双臂交叉，意识到自己误解了手势，诚恳地道了歉。 句式D：现在分词作状语，逻辑主语陷阱 【用法详解】现在分词作状语，分词逻辑主语必须等于主句主语，逻辑主语不一致不能直接用分词。 ✅Realizing the cultural difference, he adjusted his gestures.（逻辑主语 he） ❌Realizing the cultural difference, his gestures got changed.（逻辑主语不一致，错误） 【即时训练】改错：Realizing the mistake, his facial expression turned red. 句式E：not all部分否定嵌套定语从句 【用法详解】Not all +复数名词+定语从句，译为“并非所有……的……”；完全否定用none of。 例句：Not all gestures that we are familiar with carry the same meaning in foreign countries. 并非所有我们熟悉的手势在国外都有着相同含义。 【即时训练】翻译：并非所有来到这个国家的游客都了解肢体语言差异。 _______________________________________________________________. 基础固本练（限时：15分钟） 一、单句语法填空。 1._________ (ignore) the park rules which have existed for centuries will result in punishment. 2.It is no use _________ (complain) about cultural shock that you meet in cross-cultural communication. 3.He regretted _________ (miss) the chance of observing polar birds in the glacier park. 4.We are looking forward to _________ (explore) the territory where Sami people once lived. 5.This collection of non-verbal signals requires _________ (sort) out. 6.My lifelong interest is _________ (observe) how gestures vary in different cultures. 二、单句改错。 7.Remain silent in public, which is a good habit, help you avoid misunderstanding. 8.It is waste of time argue with people who hold different opinions on gesture culture. 9.Him breaking the park rule annoyed the guide who accompanied our group. 10.I am used to communicate with foreigners by reading their facial expressions. 三、句子翻译。 11. 即使已经疲惫不堪，那些来自海外的游客依旧欣赏山谷壮丽的风光。（even though省略） 12. 矗立在这片领地边界的，是一座有着数百年历史的木屋。（全部倒装+定语从句） 13. 并非所有我们熟悉的手势在其他国家含义都相同。（not all嵌套定语从句） 14. 双臂交叉在胸前，意识到自己误解手势，他诚恳地道了歉。（with复合结构+分词作状语） 四、长难句成分分析。 15.His realizing that gestures vary in different cultures helps him behave properly abroad. 16.It is worthwhile wandering in the territory which is home to various wild animals. 五、句型改写。 17.To explore the ancient valley is worthwhile.（改写it作形式主语） 18.My work is interpreting diverse non‑verbal messages.（主语表语互换） 综合进阶练（限时：30分钟） 一、阅读理解（4小题，2023年高考改编） Observing body language is an essential skill for cross-cultural travelling. Wandering in foreign national parks brings you not only splendid natural beauty but also challenges from cultural differences. Not all gestures that we take for granted carry the same meaning in foreign territories. Lying within the park boundaries is an old wooden house which records local customs. Even though exhausted, many tourists who come from abroad keep learning local non-verbal signals. With their arms folded, some local people may show disagreement silently. Realizing these cultural differences prevents us from making embarrassing mistakes. It is no good risking stepping onto the glacier without professional guides. 1.What is essential for cross-cultural travel according to the text? A.Ignoring local customs B. Observing body language C.Stepping freely onto the glacier D.Using our own gestures everywhere 2.Which of the following sentences contains an "attributive clause（定语从句）+ partial negation（部分否定）”? A.All gestures mean the same abroad. B.Not all gestures that we take for granted carry the same meaning in foreign territories. C.None of the gestures work abroad. D.Every gesture has one fixed meaning. 3.What does the old wooden house inside the park record? A.Modern city stories B.Local customs C. Glacier-exploring skills D.Foreign history 4.What is the passage's main idea? A. When travelling in foreign parks, we should enjoy nature as well as respect body-language cultural differences. B.Glacier exploration is the only valuable activity. C.We can ignore local non-verbal signals. D.Cultural differences bring no influence to visitors. 二、完形填空（再现单元复习核心考点） ___1___in foreign national parks is a rewarding activity. It is worthwhile ___2___ both natural views and local culture. Even though ___3___, we kept wandering along the path. Lying within this ___4___ is an ancient wooden house, ___5___keeps records of local customs. ___6___local gestures is necessary for every foreign visitor. He regretted___7__missing the chance of learning local culture. It is no use ___8___if you break park rules. There was a time ___9___few tourists paid attention to cross‑cultural communication. ___10___is a waste of time ___11___ indoors day after day. Tom’s___12___ arriving late made us miss the buffet. My main job is___13___non‑verbal signals. With his arms___14___, he expressed disagreement, ___15___reminds us of cultural diversity. 1.A.Wander B.Wandering C.Wandered D.Wanders 2.A.enjoy B.enjoying C.enjoyed D.to enjoying 3.A.tire B.tired C.tiring D.tires 4.A.territory B.knob C.appliance D.sensor 5.A.that B.which C.what D.it 6.A.Observe B.Observing C.Observed D.Observes 7.A.miss B.missing C.to miss D.missed 8.A.complain B.complaining C.complained D.to complain 9.A.when B.where C.which D.what 10.A.That B.This C.It D.What 11.A.stay B.staying C.stayed D.to staying 12.A.he B.him C.his D.himself 13.A.interpret B.interpreting C.interpreted D.interprets 14.A.fold B.folding C.folded D.to fold 15.A.which B.that C.what D.it 三、语法填空（2020年高考改编, 再现单元考点） On October 12th, 2021, China_____1______ (official) announced the first group of national parks—the Three‑River‑Source National Park, the Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park, the National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest, and the Wuyishan National Park. The national parks refer to special areas put under protection with_____2______aim of conserving the ecosystem and natural resources. The_____3______(announce) is a practical move related to the drive to continuously promote the building of an ecological （生态的） civilization. Being home to____4_____(variety) key wildlife species in China, the Wuyishan National Park appeals to tourists both at home and abroad.____5______(wander) through its vast valley enables visitors to feel the power of nature. It features rich diversity due to_____6_____ (it) unique natural environment. Taking a bamboo raft （筏） tour is people's favourite. With trees, bushes and colourful flowers____7_____ (cover) every corner of the park, it's a natural system for providing clean water and producing oxygen.Not all visitors can fully appreciate its charm in one single trip. There are many hiking routes for you to take. Lying at the top of the mountain_____8______ (be) several viewing platforms （平台）,  _____9_____you can stop to admire the breathtaking and incredible beauty of mountains and lakes around. Words fail_____10______ (describe) its impressive beauty. Therefore, you are recommended to pay a visit yourself. It would be a rewarding experience. 四、单元话题微写作。 假定你是李华，你的交换生朋友Peter即将来华学习，对肢体语言的文化差异感到困惑，请写一封邮件。 写作要点： 1. 说明肢体语言存在文化差异； 2. 给出几条跨文化交际实用建议； 3. 期待见面交流。 写作要求：80词左右；至少用上3处动名词（作主语/ 宾语 /表语）；至少2种单元高级句式。 Dear Peter, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 动名词作主语、宾语和表语（提升版） 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点一：动名词作主语 考点二：动名词作宾语 考点三：动名词作表语 考点四：单元重点句式 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练/综合进阶练 本本专题为选必一 Unit3‑Unit4 期中核心语法考点，动名词（doing）是期中语法填空、短文改错高频命题点，同时渗透阅读理解长难句分析、书面表达句式升级。 1.语法填空：多给出动词原形，要求判断变形为动名词，考查动名词作主语、宾语、表语；高频拉分考点：动名词复合结构、介词to陷阱短语、need/want/require doing主动表被动；嵌套定语、状语从句的复杂语境是期中热门考法。 2.短文改错：常见错误：动词原形充当主语；doing/to do混用；动名词复合结构误用宾格；分词逻辑主语不匹配；混淆动名词与现在分词作表语；even though与but连用错误；部分否定句式误用。 3.阅读理解：长难句经常嵌套动名词成分、全部倒装、with复合结构、not all部分否定；要求学生可以拆分主干，识别非谓语充当的句子成分，理解句意。 4.书面表达：高考应用文，要求能够主动使用动名词作主语 / 宾语 / 表语，结合单元高级句式（倒装、让步、with 复合结构、部分否定）提升作文档次；话题常围绕自然公园游览、跨文化肢体语言交际两大单元主题。 复习目标 复习重点： 1.Unit3核心语法：动名词作主语；深度辨doing泛指习惯VS to do特指单次具体动作；动名词复合结构在嵌套从句中的识别与运用；it作形式主语固定句型在长难句中的识别； 2.Unit3拓展句式：全部倒装嵌套定语从句；even though/even if省略结构嵌入复合长难句； 3.Unit4核心语法：动名词作宾语；辨析remember/forget/stop/regret后doing /to do语义差异；介词to陷阱在复合句中的识别；need/want/require doing语境精准判断；动名词作表语与现在分词作表语深度辨析； 4.Unit4拓展句式：with复合结构与分词状语叠加嵌套；现在分词作状语逻辑主语正误判断；not all部分否定嵌套定语从句。 复习难点： 1. 复杂长难句中定位动名词充当主语/宾语/表语；根据语境区分doing与to do； 2. 动名词复合结构置于定语从句中，书面考试必须使用名词所有格/物主代词，拒绝宾格； 3. 易混动词remember/forget/stop/regret后doing/to do语义区分； 4.with 复合结构doing/done精准判断；现在分词作状语逻辑主语不一致陷阱； 5. 倒装、让步从句、部分否定混合嵌套长难句拆解。 考情规律 语法填空：嵌套定语/状语从句语境下考查动名词变形；动名词复合结构；介词to陷阱；need/want/require doing主动表被动。 短文改错：doing/to do混用；复合结构误用宾格；分词逻辑主语不匹配；混淆部分否定与完全否定；动名词、现在分词表语混淆。 阅读理解：拆分含有动名词、倒装、with复合结构、嵌套式部分否定的高考同源长难句。 书面表达：高考应用文，能够综合运用动名词+Unit3‑Unit4多种高级句式；写作话题固定：Body Language 肢体语言（Unit4 单元话题）。 考点1：动名词作主语 教材原句回顾：Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling whether it is morning or night is impossible. 即使阳光明媚，也分辨不出是早上还是夜晚。 【用法详解】 1.doing VS to do作主语语义辨析 •动名词 doing作主语：泛指习惯性、一般性客观事实、爱好。 •不定式 to do作主语：特指某一次、尚未发生的具体任务。 例句1：Wandering in the valley broadens our horizons. 例句2：To finish the exploration within one day is a tough challenge for our group. 2.it作形式主语固定句型提升：It is no use / It is no good后面只能接doing，绝对不接to do。 3. 动名词复合结构one’s doing作主语（长难句考点） 长难句示例：His being late, which made us miss the buffet in the glacier‑park service centre, annoyed every member in our group. 解析：His being late动名词复合结构作主句主语；中间嵌套非限制性定语从句；书面严禁使用Him being late。 【易混警示】 ❌ Him being late caused us to miss the sightseeing. ✅ His being late caused us to miss the sightseeing. 【即时训练】选用doing /to do填空 1. _________ (hike) in mountainous national parks is my lifelong hobby.（泛指爱好） 【答案】Hiking 2. _________ (complete) this tough survey in two days will be a big challenge for us.（特指单次任务） 【答案】To complete 考点2：动名词作宾语 教材原句回顾：People avoid making direct eye‑contact to show respect. 人们避免直接进行眼神接触以示尊重。 【用法详解】 1. 必背只接doing作宾语动词清单：suggest, finish, avoid, practise, mind, enjoy, escape, risk, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit, delay, forbid。 2. 高频易混动词：remember / forget / stop / regret后接doing /to‑do语义差异 动词 接 doing（动作已经发生） 接 to‑do（动作尚未发生） remember 记得做过某事 记得要去做某事 forget 忘记做过某事 忘记要去做某事 stop 停下正在做的事 停下来，去做另一件事 regret 后悔做过某事 遗憾将要去做某事 3.⚠️介词to陷阱（复合句中同样适用）：look forward to / devote oneself to / be used to / pay attention to中to 是介词，后必须接doing，不能接 to do。 4.need / want / require doing：物作主语，主动形式表被动含义，等价于need/want/require to be done；人作主语用to do。 The research paper on body‑language requires polishing. =The research paper on body‑language requires to be polished. 长难句示例：Many foreigners consider observing various gestures, which reflect local cultural features, to be of great importance. 解析：consider 后 observing 为动名词作宾语，中间嵌套非限制性定语从句。 【即时训练】 He regretted _________ (miss) the chance to learn about non‑verbal communication.（后悔已经错过） 【答案】missing 考点3: 动名词作表语 1. 含义：放在系动词（be）后面，说明主语是什么（内容），不是描述主语特征。本质相当于名词。 2. 公式：主语 + be + doing （动名词，表内容） 3. 关键判断：主表可以互换，句子意思不变 例：My hobby is reading.= Reading is my hobby. 4. 区分【动名词作表语】vs【现在分词作表语】 项目 动名词 doing（名词性，表内容） 现在分词 doing（形容词性，表特征） 本质 一件事情 / 活动 令人…… 的（修饰事物） 互换测试 ✅主表可互换 ❌不能互换 例句 My job is teaching. =Teaching is my job. The story is interesting. ≠Interesting is the story. 一句话口诀： 能互换，是动名词；不能换，是分词。 📝即时训练。 一、单句语法填空 1.My favourite sport is______________( swim). 2.The film was ____________(move) and we felt greatly___________(move). 3.His task is ___________(clean)the classroom. 4.The news was so_________(surprise) and almost everyone became_______________(surprise). 参考答案：1.swimming 2.moving;moved 3.cleaning 4.surprising, surprised 二、句子改写：主表互换（动名词作表语） 1.My hobby is reading. → 2.My job is looking after kids. 3.His favourite activity is fishing. 4.Our task is making our country become stronger and stronger. 参考答案： 1.Reading is my hobby. 2.Reading is my hobby is my job. 3.Fishing is his favourite activity. 4.Making our country stronger and stronger is our task. 三、翻译。 1.我的爱好是爬山。 2.Seeing is believing. 3.考试结果令人失望。 4.他所喜欢的是和他人和谐相处。 参考答案： 1.My hobby is climbing mountains. 2.眼见为实。 3.The result of the exam was disappointing. 4.What he likes is getting along well with other people. 考点4: 单元拓展句式 句式 A：全部倒装+定语从句嵌套 教材原句：Following the reindeer were the Sami people, who made this territory their home. 跟随着驯鹿而来的是萨米人，他们把这片土地当作家园。 【用法详解】现在分词置于句首倒装，be 动词单复数由后面真正的主语决定，主语可以带上定语从句。 例句：Lying within the territory is an ancient wooden house which dates back to hundreds of years ago. 矗立在这片地域之内的，是一座拥有数百年历史的古老木屋。 【即时训练】改写句子（倒装+定语从句） An old temple that was built long ago lies at the edge of the glacier. 【答案】Lying at the edge of the glacier is an old temple that was built long ago. 句式 B：even though /even if 让步状语从句（省略+嵌套从句） 【用法详解】主从句主语一致并且含有 be 动词，可以省略主语 + be；可以和定语从句叠加。 例句：Even though exhausted, the tourists who came from abroad kept wandering through the vast valley. 尽管筋疲力尽，来自国外的游客依旧在广阔的山谷中漫游。 ⚠️even though /even if不能与but连用。 【即时训练】完成句子（嵌套定语从句） ___________________________（即使疲惫不堪）, the visitors who came to admire the glacier kept moving forward. 【答案】Even though exhausted 句式C：with复合结构叠加现在分词作状语 教材原句：With his arms crossed, he looked unfriendly.他双臂交叉，看起来并不友好。 【用法详解】with+宾语+宾补可以和主句的现在分词状语叠加；doing表主动；done表被动。 例句：With his arms folded, realizing he had misunderstood the gesture, he offered a sincere apology. 他双臂交叉，意识到自己误解了手势，诚恳地道了歉。 句式D：现在分词作状语，逻辑主语陷阱 【用法详解】现在分词作状语，分词逻辑主语必须等于主句主语，逻辑主语不一致不能直接用分词。 ✅Realizing the cultural difference, he adjusted his gestures.（逻辑主语 he） ❌Realizing the cultural difference, his gestures got changed.（逻辑主语不一致，错误） 【即时训练】改错：Realizing the mistake, his facial expression turned red. 【答案】Realizing → When he realized（逻辑主语不匹配） 句式E：not all部分否定嵌套定语从句 【用法详解】Not all +复数名词+定语从句，译为“并非所有……的……”；完全否定用none of。 例句：Not all gestures that we are familiar with carry the same meaning in foreign countries. 并非所有我们熟悉的手势在国外都有着相同含义。 【即时训练】翻译：并非所有来到这个国家的游客都了解肢体语言差异。 【答案】Not all visitors who come to this country know about body‑language differences. 基础固本练（限时：15分钟） 一、单句语法填空。 1._________ (ignore) the park rules which have existed for centuries will result in punishment. 2.It is no use _________ (complain) about cultural shock that you meet in cross-cultural communication. 3.He regretted _________ (miss) the chance of observing polar birds in the glacier park. 4.We are looking forward to _________ (explore) the territory where Sami people once lived. 5.This collection of non-verbal signals requires _________ (sort) out. 6.My lifelong interest is _________ (observe) how gestures vary in different cultures. 参考答案和详解 1.Ignoring 解析：动名词作主语，谓语 will result，which引导定语从句修饰rules。 2.complaining 解析：It is no use doing固定句型；that引导定语从句修饰cultural shock。 3.missing 解析：regret doing后悔已经做过某事。 4.exploring 解析：look forward to中to是介词；where引导定语从句修饰territory。 5.sorting 解析：require doing，物作主语主动表被动。 6.observing 解析：动名词作表语，解释 interest的内容；how引导宾语从句。 二、单句改错。 7.Remain silent in public, which is a good habit, help you avoid misunderstanding. 8.It is waste of time argue with people who hold different opinions on gesture culture. 9.Him breaking the park rule annoyed the guide who accompanied our group. 10.I am used to communicate with foreigners by reading their facial expressions. 参考答案和详解 7.Remain→Remaining；help→helps；解析：动词原形不能充当主语；动名词作主语谓语动词用单数。 8.waste 前加a；argue→arguing；解析：It is a waste of time doing固定句型，冠词a不可省略。 9.Him→His；解析：动名词复合结构作主语，书面考试使用名词性物主代词，宾格him不可作复合结构主语。 10.communicate→communicating；解析：be used to短语内to为介词，后接动名词。 三、句子翻译。 11. 即使已经疲惫不堪，那些来自海外的游客依旧欣赏山谷壮丽的风光。（even though省略） 12. 矗立在这片领地边界的，是一座有着数百年历史的木屋。（全部倒装+定语从句） 13. 并非所有我们熟悉的手势在其他国家含义都相同。（not all嵌套定语从句） 14. 双臂交叉在胸前，意识到自己误解手势，他诚恳地道了歉。（with复合结构+分词作状语） 参考答案和详解 11.Even though exhausted, the tourists coming from overseas still admired the splendid scenery of the valley. 12.Lying at the boundary of this territory is a wooden house which has a history of hundreds of years. 13.Not all gestures that we are familiar with share the same meaning in other countries. 14.With his arms folded, realizing he had misunderstood the gesture, he offered a sincere apology. 四、长难句成分分析。 15.His realizing that gestures vary in different cultures helps him behave properly abroad. 16.It is worthwhile wandering in the territory which is home to various wild animals. 参考答案和详解 15. 解析：His realizing动名词复合结构作主句主语；that 引导宾语从句；翻译：他意识到手势因文化而异，这帮助他在国外举止得体。 16. 解析：it形式主语；wandering动名词为真正主语；which引导定语从句修饰territory；翻译：在这片栖息着各种野生动物的地域漫游是值得的。 五、句型改写。 17.To explore the ancient valley is worthwhile.（改写it作形式主语） 18.My work is interpreting diverse non‑verbal messages.（主语表语互换） 参考答案和详解 17.It is worthwhile exploring the ancient valley. 18.Interpreting diverse non-verbal messages is my work. 综合进阶练（限时：30分钟） 一、阅读理解（4 小题，2023年高考改编） Observing body language is an essential skill for cross-cultural travelling. Wandering in foreign national parks brings you not only splendid natural beauty but also challenges from cultural differences. Not all gestures that we take for granted carry the same meaning in foreign territories. Lying within the park boundaries is an old wooden house which records local customs. Even though exhausted, many tourists who come from abroad keep learning local non-verbal signals. With their arms folded, some local people may show disagreement silently. Realizing these cultural differences prevents us from making embarrassing mistakes. It is no good risking stepping onto the glacier without professional guides. 1.What is essential for cross-cultural travel according to the text? A.Ignoring local customs B. Observing body language C.Stepping freely onto the glacier D.Using our own gestures everywhere 2.Which of the following sentences contains an "attributive clause（定语从句）+ partial negation（部分否定）”? A.All gestures mean the same abroad. B.Not all gestures that we take for granted carry the same meaning in foreign territories. C.None of the gestures work abroad. D.Every gesture has one fixed meaning. 3.What does the old wooden house inside the park record? A.Modern city stories B.Local customs C. Glacier-exploring skills D.Foreign history 4.What is the passage's main idea? A. When travelling in foreign parks, we should enjoy nature as well as respect body-language cultural differences. B.Glacier exploration is the only valuable activity. C.We can ignore local non-verbal signals. D.Cultural differences bring no influence to visitors. 【答案】1.B 2.B 3.B 4.A 二、完形填空（再现单元复习核心考点） ___1___in foreign national parks is a rewarding activity. It is worthwhile ___2___ both natural views and local culture. Even though ___3___, we kept wandering along the path. Lying within this ___4___ is an ancient wooden house, ___5___keeps records of local customs. ___6___local gestures is necessary for every foreign visitor. He regretted___7__missing the chance of learning local culture. It is no use ___8___if you break park rules. There was a time ___9___few tourists paid attention to cross‑cultural communication. ___10___is a waste of time ___11___ indoors day after day. Tom’s___12___ arriving late made us miss the buffet. My main job is___13___non‑verbal signals. With his arms___14___, he expressed disagreement, ___15___reminds us of cultural diversity. 1.A.Wander B.Wandering C.Wandered D.Wanders 2.A.enjoy B.enjoying C.enjoyed D.to enjoying 3.A.tire B.tired C.tiring D.tires 4.A.territory B.knob C.appliance D.sensor 5.A.that B.which C.what D.it 6.A.Observe B.Observing C.Observed D.Observes 7.A.miss B.missing C.to miss D.missed 8.A.complain B.complaining C.complained D.to complain 9.A.when B.where C.which D.what 10.A.That B.This C.It D.What 11.A.stay B.staying C.stayed D.to staying 12.A.he B.him C.his D.himself 13.A.interpret B.interpreting C.interpreted D.interprets 14.A.fold B.folding C.folded D.to fold 15.A.which B.that C.what D.it 【完形填空答案】 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.A 三、语法填空（2020年高考改编, 再现单元考点） On October 12th, 2021, China_____1______ (official) announced the first group of national parks—the Three‑River‑Source National Park, the Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park, the National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest, and the Wuyishan National Park. The national parks refer to special areas put under protection with_____2______aim of conserving the ecosystem and natural resources. The_____3______(announce) is a practical move related to the drive to continuously promote the building of an ecological （生态的） civilization. Being home to____4_____(variety) key wildlife species in China, the Wuyishan National Park appeals to tourists both at home and abroad.____5______(wander) through its vast valley enables visitors to feel the power of nature. It features rich diversity due to_____6_____ (it) unique natural environment. Taking a bamboo raft （筏） tour is people's favourite. With trees, bushes and colourful flowers____7_____ (cover) every corner of the park, it's a natural system for providing clean water and producing oxygen.Not all visitors can fully appreciate its charm in one single trip. There are many hiking routes for you to take. Lying at the top of the mountain_____8______ (be) several viewing platforms （平台）,  _____9_____you can stop to admire the breathtaking and incredible beauty of mountains and lakes around. Words fail_____10______ (describe) its impressive beauty. Therefore, you are recommended to pay a visit yourself. It would be a rewarding experience. 参考答案 1. officially 2. the 3. announcement 4. various 5. to 6. its 7. covering 8. are 9. where 10. to describe 解析 1.officially 解析：副词修饰动词announced；official形容词→officially 副词，“正式地”。 2.the 解析：固定搭配with the aim of，目的是……，定冠词 the不可省略。 3.announcement 解析：定冠词 The后面接名词；动词announce变为名词announcement，意为 “公告；宣告”，在句中作主语。 4.various 解析：修饰名词species需要形容词；variety名词→various形容词，“各种各样的”。 5.Wandering 解析：考查动名词作主语。 6.its 解析：形容词性物主代词，修饰后面名词短语unique natural environment，指代Wuyishan National Park。 7.covering 解析：with复合结构；宾语trees, bushes and colourful flowers与cover是主动关系，因此填现在分词covering。 8.are 解析：全部倒装句式Lying at the top of the mountain are several viewing platforms；真正主语是后面复数名词several viewing platforms，故be动词用are。 9.where 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词platforms表示地点；关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，意为“在平台上”。 10.to describe考查fail to do固定搭配，表示“不能。没有。”，故用to describe。 四、单元话题微写作。 假定你是李华，你的交换生朋友Peter即将来华学习，对肢体语言的文化差异感到困惑，请写一封邮件。 写作要点： 1. 说明肢体语言存在文化差异； 2. 给出几条跨文化交际实用建议； 3. 期待见面交流。 写作要求：80词左右；至少用上3处动名词（作主语/ 宾语 /表语）；至少2种单元高级句式。 参考范文 Dear Peter, Knowing you have difficulty with body-language cultural differences in China, I’m writing to give you some practical advice. Here are several suggestions, which can be listed as follows. To start with, observing others’ facial expressions is a good way of cross‑cultural communication. What’s more, you should avoid misunderstanding local gestures. My suggestion is paying close attention to non‑verbal signals. Not all gestures that we are familiar with share the same meaning in different cultures. Last but not least, with his arms folded, a Chinese may show disagreement instead of anger. Even though you feel confused, stay polite during communication. I sincerely wish you a pleasant time in China. And I am Looking forward to our meeting as soon as possible. Yours, Li Hua 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $