专题02 现在完成时（期中复习讲义）八年级英语上学期新教材外研版

专题02 现在完成时（期中复习讲义） 01 复习目标锚定 02 核心考点精讲 03 限时分层演练 基础固本 / 综合进阶 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 现在完成时的构成：have/has + 过去分词。 2. 现在完成时的基本用法：过去动作对现在的影响；从过去持续到现在；反复发生的动作。 3. 时间状语：already, yet, ever, never, just, since, for, how long, so far, recently, lately, in the past years。 4. for/since 的区别与转换。 5. 延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换。 6. have been to / have gone to / have been in 的区别。 7. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。 8. 常用句型：It is the first time that...; This is the best...that...; It is + 时间 + since... 复习难点： 1. 非延续性动词转延续性动词。 2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。 3. since 后接时间点，for 后接时间段。 4. already/yet/ever/never/just 的用法区别。 5. have been to 与 have gone to 的区别。 考情规律 词汇运用：侧重语境选词和词形变化 句型转换/翻译：常考现在完成时 完形/阅读涉及自我成长、人际相处、发明创造话题。 Unit1~2 现在完成时 【用法详解】 一、现在完成时的定义 1、发生过去的动作，到已结束, 对现在造成的影响或结果。 2、发生于过去的动作，持续到现在，且有可能继续持续下去。 ☞He has lost his book.他丢了他的书。(所以他到现在一直没有书) ☞He has taught in our school for 30 years.他在我们学校教书已有30年了。(他现在还在教,未来也可能继续教) 2、 基本结构 主语+助动词have/has+过去分词+…… 动词运去式规则： 1. 规则变化 · 一般在动词原形后加 -ed ，如：work -worked · 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，直接加 -d ，如：live -lived · 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i ，再加 -ed ，如：study -studied · 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写末尾辅音字母，再加 -ed ，如：stop - stopped 2. 不规则变化(详见不规则过去分词表) · 类别 · 原形—过去式—过去分词 · 不规则动词 · A—A—A · read/riːd/ — read/red/ — read/red/ · cut — cut — cut cost — cost — cost · · A—B—B · think — thought — thought lose — lost — lost · shoot — shot — shot · · A—B—C · see — saw — seen take — took — taken · ring — rang — rung forget — forgot — forgotten · · A—B—A · run — ran — run come — came — come 三、时间状语（标志词） 1. 表示“不确定的过去时间”的副词：这类词只说明动作在过去某个不确定的时间点发生了，但不说明具体何时发生，重点在于对现在的影响或结果。 already（已经）：常用于肯定句，表示动作比预期早完成。 ☞I have already finished my homework. （我已经做完作业了。） just（刚刚）：表示动作刚刚完成。 ☞He has just left the office. （他刚刚离开办公室。） yet（还，仍）：常用于否定句和疑问句，表示期待某事发生但尚未发生。 ☞Have you finished your report yet? — No, I haven't finished it yet. （你写完报告了吗？— 不，我还没写完。） ever（曾经）：常用于疑问句，询问“生平是否有过……的经历”。 ☞Have you ever been to Paris? （你曾经去过巴黎吗？） never（从不）：用于否定句，表示“生平从未有过……的经历”。 ☞I have never seen a ghost. （我从来没见过鬼。） 2. 表示“从过去持续到现在”的时间状语：这类词强调动作或状态从过去某一点开始，一直持续到现在（并可能继续下去）。 for + 一段时间（持续了……）：表示动作或状态持续了多长时间。 since + 一个时间点/过去时句子（自从……）：表示动作或状态从过去某个具体时间开始。 【即时训练】 1. I have ______ finished my homework. A. yet B. already C. ever D. never 2. —Have you cleaned your room ______? —No, not ______. A. already; yet B. already; already C. yet; yet D. yet; already 3. He has worked here ______ 2018. A. for B. since C. in D. from 4. We have known each other ______ five years. A. since B. from C. in D. for 时间标志 结构 含义 示例 for + 时间段 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + for + 时间段 持续了…… 时间 She has lived here for five years.（她在这里住了五年了。） since + 时间点 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + since + 时间点 从…… 开始一直…… He has taught English since 2015.（他从 2015 年起就教英语了。） since + 一般过去时从句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + since + 从句 自从…… 以来一直…… I have known her since we were children.（自从我们还是孩子时我就认识她了。） so far / until now / up to now（到目前为止）：表示从过去某时到现在为止的情况。 ☞So far, we have received ten applications. （到目前为止，我们收到了十份申请。） 3. 表示“近期”的时间状语：这类词表示动作发生在“最近的过去”，与现在联系非常紧密。 recently / lately（最近）： ☞I haven't seen him lately. （我最近没见到他。） in the last/past few days/weeks/months（在过去的几天/周/月里）： ☞She has achieved a lot in the past few years. （在过去的几年里，她取得了很大成就。） 4. 在疑问句中询问“次数” How many times...? （……多少次了？） ☞How many times have you watched this movie? （这部电影你看了多少次了？） once, twice, three times... （一次，两次，三次……） ☞I have been to Beijing twice. （我去过北京两次。） 【即时训练】 1. 他已经离开北京了。 He ______ ______ Beijing. 2. 我们自2019年以来就是朋友。 We ______ ______ friends since 2019. 3. 她已经在学校教了十年书。 She ______ ______ in the school for ten years. 四、句型转换 肯定句 主语+ have/has +过去分词+其他 I have read the book before. 我以前就读过这本书了。 否定句 主语+ have/has + not +过去分词+其他 We haven’t lived in Harbin. 我们没有在哈尔滨生活过。 一般疑问句及其回答 Have/Has +主语+过去分词+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语+ haven’t/hasn’t — Have you lived in Harbin? 你在哈尔滨生活过吗？ — Yes, I have./No, I haven’t. 是的，住过。/不，没有。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他? Where have you lived? 注意： Not yet. 是现在完成时中一个非常经典和地道的标志性回答。 它的完整形式通常是：No, I/we/they have not (haven't) ... yet. 或 No, he/she/it has not (hasn't) ... yet. 【即时训练】 1. He ______ (finish) his homework already. 2. ______ you ever ______ (be) to Beijing? 3. They ______ (not eat) anything since morning. 5、 延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法 (1) 现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间(for+时间段/since+时间点)连用时应注意肯定句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。 我离开这所学校已八年了。 I’ve left this school for eight years. I’ve been away from this school for eight years. 他借用我的词典已两天了。 He has borrowed my dictionary for two days. He has kept my dictionary for two days. (2) 非延续性动词转化为延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep open be open close be closed begin/start be on come be here go be there finish be over die be dead catch a cold have a cold put on wear wake up be awake fall asleep be asleep lose not have join be in leave be away arrive/reach be 【即时训练】 1. He ______ the pen for five years. A. has had B. bought C. has bought D. had 2. His grandfather ______ for five years. A. has died B. died C. has been dead D. was dead 3. The film ______ for 15 minutes. A. has begun B. began C. has been on D. was on 4. I ______ this book for two weeks. A. have borrowed B. have kept C. borrowed D. kept 5. She ______ the club since 2020. A. has joined B. joined C. has been in D. was in 6、 区别have been to/ have gone to/have been in... 1. have been to, 表示“曾去过某地”,说话时已从某地回来或已从某地去了其他地方,总之,现在已不在某地 ☞Have you ever been to New York?你曾去过纽约吗?(人已回来) 2. have gone to, 表示“已去了某地”,说话时不在说话地点或在去某地的途中,或已到了某地,，现在还未回来. ☞Jim has gone to New York with his family.吉姆和他的家人去了纽约。(人还没回来) 3. have been in,表示“已在某地(待了多久)”,若表示“已在小地方多久”,in需用at 代替,但后面跟副词时只用have been,不需用任何介词. ☞The Greens have been in New York for three years.格林一家在纽约(生活)已有3年了。 ☞Mr.Li has been at this school for ten years.李先生在这个学校已有10年了。 ▲注意：注意遇到四个地点副词要去掉to/in， 这四个地点副词是：here ,there ,home ,abroad 【即时训练】 1. —Where is Tom? —He ______ the library. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. went to 2. I ______ Shanghai twice. A. have been to B. have gone to C. have been in D. went to 3. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years. A. have been to B. have gone to C. have been in D. have been 7、 与现在完成时有关的特殊句式 1. It is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的动词用非延续性动词的过去式), 自从......以来已经有多长时间了. ☞It is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。 2.It is the＋序数词＋that＋现完，这是某人第几次... ☞It's the first time that I’ve seen him. 3. This/It＋形容词最高级（名词）+that＋现完， 这是某人...的最... ☞This is the best film that I've ever seen. 【即时训练】 1. It is the first time that I ______ (see) him. 2. This is the best film that I ______ ever ______ (see). 3. It ______ (be) ten years since he left the army. 8、 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1. 侧重点不同 现在完成时，与现在有关的时态,属于现在时态范畴,它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have seen the film already.我已看过那部电影了。 (说明“看”这个动作发生在过去,我现在对这部电影的内容有所了解) 一般过去时，是一种过去时态,侧重于表示过去的动作,与现在无关。 I went to Nantong yesterday.昨天我去了南通。 (仅说明昨天去了南通这件事情,与现在无关) 2. 连用的时间状语不同 现在完成时，与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:already,yet,still,just,so far,in the last/past...,before,ever,never,since引出的时间和for引出的时间等。 Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in a park? 你曾经在公园里摘过花或踩过草坪吗? 一般过去时，一般过去时则常与ago,yesterday,last...,in 1990,just now等连用。 Father bought this bike five years ago. 父亲5年前买了这辆自行车。 【即时训练】 1. I ______ (see) the film yesterday. 2. I ______ (see) the film twice. 3. He ______ (join) the army in 2020. 4. He ______ (be) in the army for three years. 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 特殊疑问句的语序：特殊疑问词后需接 “have/has + 主语” 的陈述语序。 ❌How long have lived they here? → ✅ How long have they lived here? 2. 短暂性动词的转换：若原句用短暂性动词，变否定句或与时间段连用时，需转换为延续性动词。 ❌He borrowed the book last week. → ✅ He has kept the book for a week.）。 3. already 与 yet 的位置：already 用于肯定句，放 have/has 之后；yet 用于否定句和疑问句，放句末。 ☞I have already finished. / Have you finished yet? / I haven’t finished yet. 4. 时间点与时间段的区分：since 后接具体时间点（如 2020 年、last week），for 后接时间段（如 three days、two years），不可混淆。 ❌I have waited since two hours. → ✅I have waited for two hours. 5. 时态一致性：since 引导的从句需用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。 ☞She has changed a lot since she graduated. 基础固本练（限时：10分钟） 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．We ________ (learn) a lot from each other so far. 2．I ________ (buy) this mobile phone for three years. 3．—Where is Lisa? —She ________ (go) to the library. 4．About 10 passengers _________ (burn) to death in this traffic accident. 5．There ________ (be) great changes in my hometown over the past few years. 二、完成句子 1．她的钱已经用完了，所以只能走路回家。 She has ________ ________ of money, so she has to walk home. 2．Uncle Wu became ill three days ago. (改写时态) Uncle Wu ________ ________ ill for three days. 3．They have already finished building the road in the park. (改为否定句) They ________ finished building the road in the park ________. 4．到目前为止，她每天练习钢琴，从未觉得厌烦。 She ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ practising the piano every day so far. 5．他已经去了图书馆，很快就回来。 He ________ ________ ________ the library, and will come back soon. 三、句型转换 1．She went to Beijing and hasn’t returned yet. (同义句转换) She has ________ ________ Beijing. 2．Mr. Zhang went to Chongqing two days ago. (改为同义句) Mr. Zhang has ________ Chongqing for two days. 3．We started to learn about foreign holiday cultures in October. (改为同义句) We ________ ________ about foreign holiday cultures ________ October. 4．He joined the club in 2022. (同义句) → He ________ ________ ________ the club since 2022. 5．Jack borrowed my bike two days ago. (同义句转换) Jack ________ ________ my bike for ________ ________. 四、单项选择 1．—The air here is much fresher than before. —Exactly! We ________ plenty of trees over the last few years. A．planted B．have planted C．were planting 2．—Have you ever been to the new library? —Yes. I ________ there twice. It is really great. A．have been B．have gone C．went D．go 3．My father has worked in this factory ________ twenty years. A．since B．for C．in D．from 4．—________ you ever ________ a high-speed train? —Yes, I have. It was fast and comfortable. A．Do; take B．Have; taken C．Did; take D．Are; taking 5．Tom ________ the storybook last month, and he ________ it three times so far. A．bought; has read B．bought; will read C．has bought; read D．has bought; reads 综合进阶练（限时：20分钟） 一、完形填空 I’m Liu Xue. I have a sister named Liu Xu. But we look quite different in 1 . She’s a little fat, but I’m 2 and of average weight. When we stand in front of the mirror, I can 3 see our differences. As for personality, we’re both 4 and straightforward. If we make a mistake, we’ll admit (承认) it. We’re outgoing. That makes us popular among our friends. I’m serious and hard-working in school. 5 with me, my sister is more relaxed. Our strengths are different too. I 6 well in exams while my sister has amazing artistic ability. She can 7 people’s hearts with her drawings. We 8 each other. I always look after her in life, and she stays with me when I’m sad. There are also differences in our 9 . I love reading books while she likes sports better. But we both share the same love for singing. People expect sisters to be 10 , but our differences actually make our relationship (关系) more interesting. She brings happiness wherever she goes, while I help keep our lives regular. Together we make a perfect team! 1．A．time B．budget C．peace D．appearance 2．A．slim B．tall C．heavy D．young 3．A．freshly B．finally C．easily D．especially 4．A．clever B．honest C．serious D．helpful 5．A．Connected B．Stayed C．Compared D．Talked 6．A．perform B．remind C．describe D．spare 7．A．lose B．miss C．touch D．leave 8．A．look at B．agree with C．care about D．search for 9．A．choices B．wishes C．dreams D．interests 10．A．alike B．different C．popular D．surprised 二、阅读理解 Cooperation (合作) is very important, possibly because good teamwork spirit is of great importance to successful groups. Doing team sports is the best way to teach cooperation. In the team environment, members need to communicate with each other, which can prepare students for both schoolwork and future jobs. It can also encourage students to follow team rules. Students are more likely to help each other as well. Teamwork spirit is not born. As students, you can do something to improve your teamwork spirit: Communicate well with each other When you’re meeting together, let everyone speak and listen to each other carefully. Ask them questions to get them to talk so that everyone can communicate well with each other. Work together Let everyone work together and decide the team goal. It’s a good idea to celebrate every win as a win for the whole team. Build trust It’s OK to do something wrong, but saying sorry bravely can make the situation better. This helps build trust in your team. Much of the work in today’s world requires teamwork. Team sports, singing in a chorus (合唱队) and joining in unpaid community service are the ways to learn about cooperation. Don’t wait. Act now. 1．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Following team rules. B．Preparing for future jobs. C．Doing team sports. D．Helping others in the team. 2．According to the passage, which activity can help students learn about cooperation? A．Studying at home. B．Playing video games. C．Walking with parents. D．Singing in a chorus. 3．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To show that teamwork is only needed in sports. B．To encourage students to take action to learn cooperation. C．To explain why students should study alone. D．To tell students to wait until they are older to join a team. 4．Who is this passage mainly written for? A．Students. B．Teachers. C．Parents. D．Workers. 三、选词填空 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 argue   satisfy   join   communication   saying   agree   achieve   player   on   with We all know communication is necessary in our daily life. It is also important for a good relationship. Sometimes, it can make us 1 our goals. Once, I 2 with my mum because I planned to 3 the football club in my school. She asked me to spend more time 4 my subjects than other things. I felt so sad that I went to my bedroom without 5 a word. The next morning, my dad advised me to tell my mother my ideas and feelings. I followed his suggestion to talk to my mum. After I expressed my love for football and promised that I would work hard to learn my subjects well, we were both 6 with the talk. We reached an 7 . Now I am a hard-working student in the eighth grade. I’m also a good football 8 in the school club. So far, we have won many football games. I’m often praised by my parents and teachers. At last, I want to say when we meet a problem, we should communicate 9 each other properly. 10 is a good way to come to the solution. 四、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 What will you do if you see a problem? 1 Alex Knoll always tries to find a solution. Alex lives 2 the USA．One day, he saw a man trying hard to open a heavy door of a store. The man was in a wheelchair (轮椅). Alex had 3 question. Could the man go online to see if the store had an automatic door (自动门)? That way, he would know if he could go into the store easily. “I 4 on the Internet already, but I can’t find any information,” Alex said. So he came up with the idea of creating an app. He calls 5 Ability App. He has a website about it 6 it says the app will be helpful to disabled people by providing information they need. Talk show host Ellen DeGeneres heard about Alex’s idea. She liked it. She invited Alex 7 her show and surprised him with a $25,000 check (支票). Tera Miller, a wheelchair user since childhood, is a friend of Alex’s parents. “I think it’s really useful,” she said about the boy’s app. “There 8 a lot of places that I can’t go because I don’t know if it’s accessible (可进入的). I am sure the little 9 will make a huge difference to people like me.” So Alex says he is going to work as 10 as he can to bring Ability App to life. 1．A．13 years old B．13-year old C．13-years-old D．13-year-old 2．A．under B．on C．in D．at 3．A．a B．/ C．an D．the 4．A．am searching B．will search C．search D．have searched 5．A．it B．its C．they D．them 6．A．but B．and C．or D．so 7．A．to invent B．invent C．to join D．join 8．A．be B．are C．is D．am 9．A．tests B．test C．things D．thing 10．A．hardest B．hard C．harder D．hardly 五、任务型阅读 When you think of visiting a library, you may picture walking through tall shelves and looking for books by hand. You can only go when the library is open. Sometimes, the book is not there, and you have to come back another day. But now, with new technology (技术), libraries are no longer limited (限制) by walls. There are many online libraries. You can use a computer or a phone to look for books. And you can read at home or in a park. This is very helpful. There are many kinds of books online, like storybooks, science books, and history books. They help students who live far from libraries get books easily. They also help with schoolwork by giving many books to use. Teachers can find good books to help their students learn. And they can read different books to learn better ways to teach. Many online libraries now take advantage of (利用) clean energy (能源), such as energy from the sun or wind, to run their computers. This makes them green and good for our earth. In a word, online libraries do not just give people a new way to read; they encourage people to learn new things every day and bring people from different places closer through books. That is why they are growing fast and helping more and more people. 1．What may you picture when you think of visiting a traditional library? 2．Where can people read books from online libraries? 3．Who can get help from online libraries besides students? 4．What kind of energy do many online libraries use to run their computers? 5．Would you like to use online libraries? Why or why not? 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 现在完成时（期中复习讲义） 01 复习目标锚定 02 核心考点精讲 03 限时分层演练 基础固本 / 综合进阶 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 现在完成时的构成：have/has + 过去分词。 2. 现在完成时的基本用法：过去动作对现在的影响；从过去持续到现在；反复发生的动作。 3. 时间状语：already, yet, ever, never, just, since, for, how long, so far, recently, lately, in the past years。 4. for/since 的区别与转换。 5. 延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换。 6. have been to / have gone to / have been in 的区别。 7. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。 8. 常用句型：It is the first time that...; This is the best...that...; It is + 时间 + since... 复习难点： 1. 非延续性动词转延续性动词。 2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。 3. since 后接时间点，for 后接时间段。 4. already/yet/ever/never/just 的用法区别。 5. have been to 与 have gone to 的区别。 考情规律 词汇运用：侧重语境选词和词形变化 句型转换/翻译：常考现在完成时 完形/阅读涉及自我成长、人际相处、发明创造话题。 Unit1~2 现在完成时 【用法详解】 一、现在完成时的定义 1、发生过去的动作，到已结束, 对现在造成的影响或结果。 2、发生于过去的动作，持续到现在，且有可能继续持续下去。 ☞He has lost his book.他丢了他的书。(所以他到现在一直没有书) ☞He has taught in our school for 30 years.他在我们学校教书已有30年了。(他现在还在教,未来也可能继续教) 2、 基本结构 主语+助动词have/has+过去分词+…… 动词运去式规则： 1. 规则变化 · 一般在动词原形后加 -ed ，如：work -worked · 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，直接加 -d ，如：live -lived · 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i ，再加 -ed ，如：study -studied · 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写末尾辅音字母，再加 -ed ，如：stop - stopped 2. 不规则变化(详见不规则过去分词表) · 类别 · 原形—过去式—过去分词 · 不规则动词 · A—A—A · read/riːd/ — read/red/ — read/red/ · cut — cut — cut cost — cost — cost · · A—B—B · think — thought — thought lose — lost — lost · shoot — shot — shot · · A—B—C · see — saw — seen take — took — taken · ring — rang — rung forget — forgot — forgotten · · A—B—A · run — ran — run come — came — come 三、时间状语（标志词） 1. 表示“不确定的过去时间”的副词：这类词只说明动作在过去某个不确定的时间点发生了，但不说明具体何时发生，重点在于对现在的影响或结果。 already（已经）：常用于肯定句，表示动作比预期早完成。 ☞I have already finished my homework. （我已经做完作业了。） just（刚刚）：表示动作刚刚完成。 ☞He has just left the office. （他刚刚离开办公室。） yet（还，仍）：常用于否定句和疑问句，表示期待某事发生但尚未发生。 ☞Have you finished your report yet? — No, I haven't finished it yet. （你写完报告了吗？— 不，我还没写完。） ever（曾经）：常用于疑问句，询问“生平是否有过……的经历”。 ☞Have you ever been to Paris? （你曾经去过巴黎吗？） never（从不）：用于否定句，表示“生平从未有过……的经历”。 ☞I have never seen a ghost. （我从来没见过鬼。） 2. 表示“从过去持续到现在”的时间状语：这类词强调动作或状态从过去某一点开始，一直持续到现在（并可能继续下去）。 for + 一段时间（持续了……）：表示动作或状态持续了多长时间。 since + 一个时间点/过去时句子（自从……）：表示动作或状态从过去某个具体时间开始。 【即时训练】 1. I have ______ finished my homework. A. yet B. already C. ever D. never 2. —Have you cleaned your room ______? —No, not ______. A. already; yet B. already; already C. yet; yet D. yet; already 3. He has worked here ______ 2018. A. for B. since C. in D. from 4. We have known each other ______ five years. A. since B. from C. in D. for 【答案】 BCBD 时间标志 结构 含义 示例 for + 时间段 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + for + 时间段 持续了…… 时间 She has lived here for five years.（她在这里住了五年了。） since + 时间点 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + since + 时间点 从…… 开始一直…… He has taught English since 2015.（他从 2015 年起就教英语了。） since + 一般过去时从句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + since + 从句 自从…… 以来一直…… I have known her since we were children.（自从我们还是孩子时我就认识她了。） so far / until now / up to now（到目前为止）：表示从过去某时到现在为止的情况。 ☞So far, we have received ten applications. （到目前为止，我们收到了十份申请。） 3. 表示“近期”的时间状语：这类词表示动作发生在“最近的过去”，与现在联系非常紧密。 recently / lately（最近）： ☞I haven't seen him lately. （我最近没见到他。） in the last/past few days/weeks/months（在过去的几天/周/月里）： ☞She has achieved a lot in the past few years. （在过去的几年里，她取得了很大成就。） 4. 在疑问句中询问“次数” How many times...? （……多少次了？） ☞How many times have you watched this movie? （这部电影你看了多少次了？） once, twice, three times... （一次，两次，三次……） ☞I have been to Beijing twice. （我去过北京两次。） 【即时训练】 1. 他已经离开北京了。 He ______ ______ Beijing. 2. 我们自2019年以来就是朋友。 We ______ ______ friends since 2019. 3. 她已经在学校教了十年书。 She ______ ______ in the school for ten years. 【答案】1. has left 2. have been 3. has taught 四、句型转换 肯定句 主语+ have/has +过去分词+其他 I have read the book before. 我以前就读过这本书了。 否定句 主语+ have/has + not +过去分词+其他 We haven’t lived in Harbin. 我们没有在哈尔滨生活过。 一般疑问句及其回答 Have/Has +主语+过去分词+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语+ haven’t/hasn’t — Have you lived in Harbin? 你在哈尔滨生活过吗？ — Yes, I have./No, I haven’t. 是的，住过。/不，没有。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他? Where have you lived? 注意： Not yet. 是现在完成时中一个非常经典和地道的标志性回答。 它的完整形式通常是：No, I/we/they have not (haven't) ... yet. 或 No, he/she/it has not (hasn't) ... yet. 【即时训练】 1. He ______ (finish) his homework already. 2. ______ you ever ______ (be) to Beijing? 3. They ______ (not eat) anything since morning. 【答案】1. has finished 2. Have been 3. haven’t eaten 5、 延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法 (1) 现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间(for+时间段/since+时间点)连用时应注意肯定句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。 我离开这所学校已八年了。 I’ve left this school for eight years. I’ve been away from this school for eight years. 他借用我的词典已两天了。 He has borrowed my dictionary for two days. He has kept my dictionary for two days. (2) 非延续性动词转化为延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep open be open close be closed begin/start be on come be here go be there finish be over die be dead catch a cold have a cold put on wear wake up be awake fall asleep be asleep lose not have join be in leave be away arrive/reach be 【即时训练】 1. He ______ the pen for five years. A. has had B. bought C. has bought D. had 2. His grandfather ______ for five years. A. has died B. died C. has been dead D. was dead 3. The film ______ for 15 minutes. A. has begun B. began C. has been on D. was on 4. I ______ this book for two weeks. A. have borrowed B. have kept C. borrowed D. kept 5. She ______ the club since 2020. A. has joined B. joined C. has been in D. was in 【答案】ACCBC 6、 区别have been to/ have gone to/have been in... 1. have been to, 表示“曾去过某地”,说话时已从某地回来或已从某地去了其他地方,总之,现在已不在某地 ☞Have you ever been to New York?你曾去过纽约吗?(人已回来) 2. have gone to, 表示“已去了某地”,说话时不在说话地点或在去某地的途中,或已到了某地,，现在还未回来. ☞Jim has gone to New York with his family.吉姆和他的家人去了纽约。(人还没回来) 3. have been in,表示“已在某地(待了多久)”,若表示“已在小地方多久”,in需用at 代替,但后面跟副词时只用have been,不需用任何介词. ☞The Greens have been in New York for three years.格林一家在纽约(生活)已有3年了。 ☞Mr.Li has been at this school for ten years.李先生在这个学校已有10年了。 ▲注意：注意遇到四个地点副词要去掉to/in， 这四个地点副词是：here ,there ,home ,abroad 【即时训练】 1. —Where is Tom? —He ______ the library. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. went to 2. I ______ Shanghai twice. A. have been to B. have gone to C. have been in D. went to 3. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years. A. have been to B. have gone to C. have been in D. have been 【答案】BAC 7、 与现在完成时有关的特殊句式 1. It is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的动词用非延续性动词的过去式), 自从......以来已经有多长时间了. ☞It is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。 2.It is the＋序数词＋that＋现完，这是某人第几次... ☞It's the first time that I’ve seen him. 3. This/It＋形容词最高级（名词）+that＋现完， 这是某人...的最... ☞This is the best film that I've ever seen. 【即时训练】 1. It is the first time that I ______ (see) him. 2. This is the best film that I ______ ever ______ (see). 3. It ______ (be) ten years since he left the army. 【答案】1. have seen 2. have seen 3. is 8、 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1. 侧重点不同 现在完成时，与现在有关的时态,属于现在时态范畴,它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have seen the film already.我已看过那部电影了。 (说明“看”这个动作发生在过去,我现在对这部电影的内容有所了解) 一般过去时，是一种过去时态,侧重于表示过去的动作,与现在无关。 I went to Nantong yesterday.昨天我去了南通。 (仅说明昨天去了南通这件事情,与现在无关) 2. 连用的时间状语不同 现在完成时，与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:already,yet,still,just,so far,in the last/past...,before,ever,never,since引出的时间和for引出的时间等。 Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in a park? 你曾经在公园里摘过花或踩过草坪吗? 一般过去时，一般过去时则常与ago,yesterday,last...,in 1990,just now等连用。 Father bought this bike five years ago. 父亲5年前买了这辆自行车。 【即时训练】 1. I ______ (see) the film yesterday. 2. I ______ (see) the film twice. 3. He ______ (join) the army in 2020. 4. He ______ (be) in the army for three years. 【答案】1. saw 2. have seen 3. joined 4. has been 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 特殊疑问句的语序：特殊疑问词后需接 “have/has + 主语” 的陈述语序。 ❌How long have lived they here? → ✅ How long have they lived here? 2. 短暂性动词的转换：若原句用短暂性动词，变否定句或与时间段连用时，需转换为延续性动词。 ❌He borrowed the book last week. → ✅ He has kept the book for a week.）。 3. already 与 yet 的位置：already 用于肯定句，放 have/has 之后；yet 用于否定句和疑问句，放句末。 ☞I have already finished. / Have you finished yet? / I haven’t finished yet. 4. 时间点与时间段的区分：since 后接具体时间点（如 2020 年、last week），for 后接时间段（如 three days、two years），不可混淆。 ❌I have waited since two hours. → ✅I have waited for two hours. 5. 时态一致性：since 引导的从句需用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。 ☞She has changed a lot since she graduated. 基础固本练（限时：10分钟） 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．We ________ (learn) a lot from each other so far. 【答案】have learned/have learnt 【详解】句意：到目前为止，我们从彼此身上学到了很多东西。句中关键时间标志词so far意为“到目前为止”，是现在完成时的典型提示词，该时态结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”；句子主语是We，对应助动词用have，动词learn的过去分词形式是learned或learnt。 2．I ________ (buy) this mobile phone for three years. 【答案】have had 【详解】句意：这部手机我已经买了三年了。时间状语for three years（持续三年）是现在完成时的标志，且要使用延续性动词。buy是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用，需要换成延续性动词have。主语是I，现在完成时结构为“have + 过去分词”，have的过去分词是had。故填have had。 3．—Where is Lisa? —She ________ (go) to the library. 【答案】has gone 【详解】句意：——Lisa在哪里？——她去图书馆了。问句询问Lisa现在在哪里，说明人此刻不在现场。现在完成时have/has gone to表示“去了某地（人还没回来）”。主语是“She”，助动词选用has，go的过去分词是gone。故填has gone。 4．About 10 passengers _________ (burn) to death in this traffic accident. 【答案】were burnt 【详解】句意：大约十名乘客在这场交通事故中被烧死。burn意为“燃烧”，主语passengers和burn之间是被动关系，事故发生在过去，要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，用were burnt。 5．There ________ (be) great changes in my hometown over the past few years. 【答案】have been 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。句中“over the past few years”为现在完成时的标志词，表示从过去持续到现在的动作。主语“great changes”为复数，故填have been。 二、完成句子 1．她的钱已经用完了，所以只能走路回家。 She has ________ ________ of money, so she has to walk home. 【答案】 run out 【详解】原句中“用完了”是关键词，表示“用完”的短语是run out of；本句为现在完成时，has后面接动词的过去分词，run的过去分词还是run。 2．Uncle Wu became ill three days ago. (改写时态) Uncle Wu ________ ________ ill for three days. 【答案】 has been 【详解】句意：吴叔叔三天前生病了。改写句中时间状语“for three days”表示一段时间，提示要用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”；become是短暂性动词，不能和时间段连用，需要转换为延续性状态be ill。主语Uncle Wu是第三人称单数，助动词用has，be的过去分词为been，①应填has；②应填been。 3．They have already finished building the road in the park. (改为否定句) They ________ finished building the road in the park ________. 【答案】 haven’t yet 【详解】句意：他们已经完成了公园里道路的修建工作。原句中“have already finished”是关键词，表明时态为现在完成时，改为否定句时，需在助动词have后加not，缩写为haven’t；同时肯定句中的标志词already要替换为否定句末尾的标志词yet。 4．到目前为止，她每天练习钢琴，从未觉得厌烦。 She ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ practising the piano every day so far. 【答案】 has never felt bored with 【详解】原句中“从未觉得乏味”是关键词，表示“从未”的副词为“never”。“so far”表明，时态是现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语“She”为单数，助动词用has；表示“对……感到乏味”的短语为“feel bored with”，feel的过去分词为felt。故填has；never；felt；bored；with。 5．他已经去了图书馆，很快就回来。 He ________ ________ ________ the library, and will come back soon. 【答案】 has gone to 【详解】原句中“已经去了”是关键词。中文“已经去了图书馆，很快就回来”表示他去了还没回来，用has gone to。has gone to表示“去了某地还没回来”，与“很快就回来”呼应，说明人不在场。主语He是第三人称单数，助动词用has。 三、句型转换 1．She went to Beijing and hasn’t returned yet. (同义句转换) She has ________ ________ Beijing. 【答案】 gone to 【详解】句意：她去北京了，还没有回来。根据“She went to Beijing and hasn’t returned yet”可知，“去了某地还没有回来”可用have gone to表达。故填gone；to。 2．Mr. Zhang went to Chongqing two days ago. (改为同义句) Mr. Zhang has ________ Chongqing for two days. 【答案】been in 【详解】句意：张先生两天前去了重庆。原句可表示为“张先生已经在重庆待了两天”，have/has been in+地点“待在某地多久了”。故填been in。 3．We started to learn about foreign holiday cultures in October. (改为同义句) We ________ ________ about foreign holiday cultures ________ October. 【答案】 have learned since 【详解】句意：我们十月份开始学习外国节日文化。原句是一般过去时，改写之后使用since加时间点，转换为现在完成时，表达“自从十月以来我们就已经在了解外国节日文化”，应填have；learned；since。 4．He joined the club in 2022. (同义句) → He ________ ________ ________ the club since 2022. 【答案】 has been in 【详解】句意：他在2022年加入俱乐部。since 2022是现在完成时的标志，join是短暂性动词，不能和since引导的时间段连用，需要转换为延续性短语be in；主语He为第三人称单数，现在完成时用has。 5．Jack borrowed my bike two days ago. (同义句转换) Jack ________ ________ my bike for ________ ________. 【答案】 has kept two days 【详解】句意：杰克两天前借了我的自行车。原句是一般过去时，转换后的句子带有“for+一段时间”结构，需要用现在完成时（have/has+过去分词）来表示动作从过去持续到现在，主语是Jack，助动词用has；瞬间动词borrow不能和时间段连用，需要替换为延续性动词keep“保留、持有”，其过去分词是kept；原句的时间状语two days ago是过去时间点，转换后要对应时间段表达for two days“持续两天”。故填has；kept；two；days。 四、单项选择 1．—The air here is much fresher than before. —Exactly! We ________ plenty of trees over the last few years. A．planted B．have planted C．were planting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这里的空气比以前清新多了。——没错！在过去几年里我们种了很多树。 时间标志词over the last few years（在过去几年里）是现在完成时的标志，强调过去动作对现在造成的影响（种树使空气更清新），要用have/has + 过去分词，主语是we，故用have planted。选B。 2．—Have you ever been to the new library? —Yes. I ________ there twice. It is really great. A．have been B．have gone C．went D．go 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你去过新图书馆吗？——是的，我去过那里两次。它真的很棒。 have been表示去过某地（已返回）；have gone表示去了某地（尚未返回）；went是go的一般过去式，仅描述过去单次动作；go是一般现在时，表习惯性动作。根据问句中的"ever"和答句中的"twice"，此处强调截止到现在的过往经历，应填have been。 3．My father has worked in this factory ________ twenty years. A．since B．for C．in D．from 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我爸爸已经在这家工厂工作二十年了。 since自从，后接时间点；for长达，后接一段时间；in在……之内；from从。本句是现在完成时，“twenty years”是一段时间，“for+时间段”用于现在完成时，表示动作持续多久，for符合语境。 4．—________ you ever ________ a high-speed train? —Yes, I have. It was fast and comfortable. A．Do; take B．Have; taken C．Did; take D．Are; taking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你曾经坐过高铁吗？——是的，我坐过。它又快又舒适。 ever是现在完成时的典型标志词，现在完成时的一般疑问句结构为“Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词”，主语是you，助动词用Have，take的过去分词是taken，B选项完全符合语法规则和答句的时态呼应。 5．Tom ________ the storybook last month, and he ________ it three times so far. A．bought; has read B．bought; will read C．has bought; read D．has bought; reads 【答案】A 【详解】句意：汤姆上个月买了这本故事书，到目前为止他已经读了三遍。 根据“last month”可知第一空描述上个月发生的动作，用一般过去时bought；根据“so far”可知第二空表示到现在为止已经完成的动作，用现在完成时has read，应选A。 综合进阶练（限时：20分钟） 一、完形填空 I’m Liu Xue. I have a sister named Liu Xu. But we look quite different in 1 . She’s a little fat, but I’m 2 and of average weight. When we stand in front of the mirror, I can 3 see our differences. As for personality, we’re both 4 and straightforward. If we make a mistake, we’ll admit (承认) it. We’re outgoing. That makes us popular among our friends. I’m serious and hard-working in school. 5 with me, my sister is more relaxed. Our strengths are different too. I 6 well in exams while my sister has amazing artistic ability. She can 7 people’s hearts with her drawings. We 8 each other. I always look after her in life, and she stays with me when I’m sad. There are also differences in our 9 . I love reading books while she likes sports better. But we both share the same love for singing. People expect sisters to be 10 , but our differences actually make our relationship (关系) more interesting. She brings happiness wherever she goes, while I help keep our lives regular. Together we make a perfect team! 1．A．time B．budget C．peace D．appearance 2．A．slim B．tall C．heavy D．young 3．A．freshly B．finally C．easily D．especially 4．A．clever B．honest C．serious D．helpful 5．A．Connected B．Stayed C．Compared D．Talked 6．A．perform B．remind C．describe D．spare 7．A．lose B．miss C．touch D．leave 8．A．look at B．agree with C．care about D．search for 9．A．choices B．wishes C．dreams D．interests 10．A．alike B．different C．popular D．surprised 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．C 9．D 10．A 【导语】本文介绍了作者刘雪和姐姐刘旭在外貌、性格、长处和兴趣等方面的差异，以及这些差异让她们的关系更有趣。 【详解】1．句意：但我们在外貌上看起来相当不同。 后文提到姐姐有点胖，作者苗条，说明是“外貌”不同，appearance“外貌”符合。time“时间”、budget“预算”、peace“和平”均与外貌无关。 2．句意：她有点胖，但我很苗条，体重适中。 与姐姐“有点胖”形成对比，作者很“苗条”，slim“苗条的”符合。tall“高的”、heavy“重的”、young“年轻的”均与胖瘦对比不符。 3．句意：当我们站在镜子前，我能轻易地看到我们的不同。 站在镜子前能“容易地”看出差异，easily“容易地”符合。freshly“新鲜地”、finally“最终”、especially“尤其”均与看差异的难易无关。 4．句意：至于性格，我们都很诚实且直率。 后文说犯错会承认，说明她们“诚实”，honest“诚实的”符合。clever“聪明的”、serious“严肃的”、helpful“有帮助的”均与承认错误不符。 5．句意：和我相比，我姐姐更放松。 前文说作者在学校认真勤奋，后文说姐姐更放松，两者形成对比，Compared with“与……相比”为固定搭配，Compared“比较”符合。Connected“连接”、Stayed“停留”、Talked“谈话”均不能与with构成“与……相比”的搭配。 6．句意：我在考试中表现好，而我姐姐有惊人的艺术才能。 与姐姐的艺术才能形成对比，作者在考试中“表现”好，perform well in exams“考试表现出色”，perform“表现”符合。remind“提醒”、describe“描述”、spare“抽出”均与考试表现无关。 7．句意：她能用画打动人们的心。 姐姐的画能“打动”人心，touch people’s hearts“打动人心”，touch“触动”符合。lose“失去”、miss“错过”、leave“离开”均与打动人心不符。 8．句意：我们关心彼此。 后文说作者在生活中照顾姐姐，姐姐在作者难过时陪伴她，说明她们互相关心，care about“关心”符合。look at“看”、agree with“同意”、search for“寻找”均与互相关心不符。 9．句意：我们的兴趣也有不同。 后文提到作者爱读书，姐姐爱运动，说明“兴趣”不同，interests“兴趣”符合。choices“选择”、wishes“愿望”、dreams“梦想”均与爱好不符。 10．句意：人们期望姐妹是相似的。 人们通常期望姐妹“相似”，alike“相似的”符合，与后文“but our differences”形成对比。different“不同的”、popular“受欢迎的”、surprised“惊讶的”均与期望不符。 二、阅读理解 Cooperation (合作) is very important, possibly because good teamwork spirit is of great importance to successful groups. Doing team sports is the best way to teach cooperation. In the team environment, members need to communicate with each other, which can prepare students for both schoolwork and future jobs. It can also encourage students to follow team rules. Students are more likely to help each other as well. Teamwork spirit is not born. As students, you can do something to improve your teamwork spirit: Communicate well with each other When you’re meeting together, let everyone speak and listen to each other carefully. Ask them questions to get them to talk so that everyone can communicate well with each other. Work together Let everyone work together and decide the team goal. It’s a good idea to celebrate every win as a win for the whole team. Build trust It’s OK to do something wrong, but saying sorry bravely can make the situation better. This helps build trust in your team. Much of the work in today’s world requires teamwork. Team sports, singing in a chorus (合唱队) and joining in unpaid community service are the ways to learn about cooperation. Don’t wait. Act now. 1．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Following team rules. B．Preparing for future jobs. C．Doing team sports. D．Helping others in the team. 2．According to the passage, which activity can help students learn about cooperation? A．Studying at home. B．Playing video games. C．Walking with parents. D．Singing in a chorus. 3．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To show that teamwork is only needed in sports. B．To encourage students to take action to learn cooperation. C．To explain why students should study alone. D．To tell students to wait until they are older to join a team. 4．Who is this passage mainly written for? A．Students. B．Teachers. C．Parents. D．Workers. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文讲述合作十分重要，介绍团队运动可以培养合作精神，并且给出学生培养团队精神的几条做法，号召大家行动起来学习合作。 【详解】1．原文第二段“Doing team sports is the best way to teach cooperation. In the team environment…It can also encourage students to follow team rules.”，这句话里“It”指代前文的“Doing team sports”，表示参加团队运动也可以鼓励学生遵守团队规则。 2．原文最后一段“Team sports, singing in a chorus and joining in unpaid community service are the ways to learn about cooperation.”表示团队运动、合唱队唱歌以及参加无偿社区服务都是学习合作的途径。 3．原文最后一段“Much of the work in today’s world requires teamwork. Team sports, singing in a chorus and joining in unpaid community service are the ways to learn about cooperation. Don’t wait. Act now.”，这段话列举学习合作的途径，用“Don’t wait. Act now.”呼吁学生行动起来学习合作。 4．原文第二段“As students, you can do something to improve your teamwork spirit”这句话直接以学生作为阅读对象，向学生提出提升团队精神的建议，所以文章面向学生。 三、选词填空 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 argue   satisfy   join   communication   saying   agree   achieve   player   on   with We all know communication is necessary in our daily life. It is also important for a good relationship. Sometimes, it can make us 1 our goals. Once, I 2 with my mum because I planned to 3 the football club in my school. She asked me to spend more time 4 my subjects than other things. I felt so sad that I went to my bedroom without 5 a word. The next morning, my dad advised me to tell my mother my ideas and feelings. I followed his suggestion to talk to my mum. After I expressed my love for football and promised that I would work hard to learn my subjects well, we were both 6 with the talk. We reached an 7 . Now I am a hard-working student in the eighth grade. I’m also a good football 8 in the school club. So far, we have won many football games. I’m often praised by my parents and teachers. At last, I want to say when we meet a problem, we should communicate 9 each other properly. 10 is a good way to come to the solution. 【答案】1．achieve 2．argued 3．join 4．on 5．saying 6．satisfied 7．agreement 8．player 9．with 10．Communication 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者通过与母亲沟通解决关于参加足球俱乐部的分歧，最终达成一致并取得好成绩的经历，说明了沟通在生活中的重要性。 【详解】1．句意：有时，沟通可以帮助我们实现目标。此处需要一个动词，与make构成固定结构，由“it can make us...our goals”可知，沟通帮助我们“实现”目标，方框中achieve意为“实现”，make sb. do sth.结构中用动词原形，符合语境。 2．句意：曾经，我和妈妈争吵过，因为我打算参加学校的足球俱乐部。此处需要一个动词，作句子的谓语，由“I...with my mum because I planned to...”和后文两人想法不同的内容可知，“我”和妈妈争吵，方框中argue意为“争吵”，描述过去发生的动作，需用过去式argued，符合语境。 3．句意：曾经，我和妈妈争吵过，因为我打算参加学校的足球俱乐部。此处需要一个动词，与to构成不定式，表示“参加”，由“I planned to...the football club”可知，打算“参加”足球俱乐部，方框中join意为“参加”，不定式符号to后接动词原形，符合语境。 4．句意：她她要求我把更多时间花在功课上，而不是其他事情上。此处需要一个介词，与spend构成固定短语，spend time on sth.为固定短语，表示“在……上花费时间”，方框中on意为“在……上”，符合语境。 5．句意：我很难过，一句话也没说就去了卧室。此处需要一个动名词，作without的宾语，由“without...a word”可知，一句话也没“说”，方框中saying意为“说”，without后接动名词，符合语境。 6．句意：在我表达了我对足球的热爱并承诺会努力学习功课之后，我们都对这次谈话感到满意。此处需要一个形容词，与with构成固定短语，由后文“Now I am a hard-working student in the eighth grade. I’m also a good football”可知，“我”不仅是一个努力学习的学生，也是一名优秀的足球运动员，说明“我和妈妈对谈话感到满意”，方框中satisfy意为“使满意”，be satisfied with为固定短语，需用形容词satisfied，符合语境。 7．句意：我们达成了一致。此处需要一个名词，作reached的宾语，由前文“我“和妈妈对谈话满意，说明两人达成了“一致”，方框中agree意为“同意”，需用名词形式agreement，意为“协议、一致”，符合语境。 8．句意：我也是学校俱乐部的一名优秀足球运动员。此处需要一个名词，作句子的表语，由“I’m also a good football...in the school club”可知，是一名优秀的足球“运动员”，方框中player意为“运动员”，符合语境。 9．句意：最后，我想说，当我们遇到问题时，我们应该与彼此恰当地沟通。此处需要一个介词，与communicate构成固定短语，表示“与……沟通”，方框中with意为“和……一起”，communicate with为固定短语，符合语境。 10．句意：沟通是达成解决方案的好方法。此处需要一个名词，作句子的主语，由前文“we should communicate”可知，“沟通”是达成解决方案的好方法，方框中communication意为“沟通”，句首首字母大写，符合语境。 四、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 What will you do if you see a problem? 1 Alex Knoll always tries to find a solution. Alex lives 2 the USA．One day, he saw a man trying hard to open a heavy door of a store. The man was in a wheelchair (轮椅). Alex had 3 question. Could the man go online to see if the store had an automatic door (自动门)? That way, he would know if he could go into the store easily. “I 4 on the Internet already, but I can’t find any information,” Alex said. So he came up with the idea of creating an app. He calls 5 Ability App. He has a website about it 6 it says the app will be helpful to disabled people by providing information they need. Talk show host Ellen DeGeneres heard about Alex’s idea. She liked it. She invited Alex 7 her show and surprised him with a $25,000 check (支票). Tera Miller, a wheelchair user since childhood, is a friend of Alex’s parents. “I think it’s really useful,” she said about the boy’s app. “There 8 a lot of places that I can’t go because I don’t know if it’s accessible (可进入的). I am sure the little 9 will make a huge difference to people like me.” So Alex says he is going to work as 10 as he can to bring Ability App to life. 1．A．13 years old B．13-year old C．13-years-old D．13-year-old 2．A．under B．on C．in D．at 3．A．a B．/ C．an D．the 4．A．am searching B．will search C．search D．have searched 5．A．it B．its C．they D．them 6．A．but B．and C．or D．so 7．A．to invent B．invent C．to join D．join 8．A．be B．are C．is D．am 9．A．tests B．test C．things D．thing 10．A．hardest B．hard C．harder D．hardly 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．B 【导语】本文讲述13岁的Alex Knoll看到轮椅使用者开门困难后，想到创建一款名为Ability App的应用，为残障人士提供商店是否有自动门等信息，并因此获得关注和支持的故事。 【详解】1．句意：13岁的Alex Knoll总是努力寻找解决办法。 修饰人名Alex Knoll，表示“13岁的”，作前置定语。正确表达为13-year-old，其中名词year用单数，且用连字符连接，构成复合形容词。 2．句意：Alex住在美国。 固定搭配“live in+国家/城市”表示“住在某地”。the USA是国家，应用介词in。at通常用于较小地点或具体位置，不符合语境。 3．句意：Alex有一个问题。 question为可数名词单数，且此处表示泛指“一个问题”，应用不定冠词a。 4．句意：“我已经在网上搜索过了，但我找不到任何信息，”Alex说。 根据直接引语中的already，表示动作已经完成，对现在有影响，应用现在完成时。主语I是第一人称单数，助动词用have。 5．句意：他把它叫作Ability App。 根据句子结构，calls后接宾语，再接宾语补足语。此处指代前文的an app，应用代词it作宾语。 6．句意：他有一个关于它的网站，并且上面说这款应用将通过提供所需信息来帮助残障人士。 根据上下文，前后两个分句为并列关系：他有网站，且网站上写着该应用的作用。应用连词and。but表示转折，or表示选择，so表示结果，均不符合此处并列补充说明的逻辑。 7．句意：她邀请Alex参加她的节目，并用一张25,000美元的支票给他惊喜。 根据固定搭配invite sb to do sth表示“邀请某人做某事”。此处指邀请Alex参加她的脱口秀节目，应用to join。A项to invent表示“发明”，与“参加节目”语境不符。 8．句意：有很多地方我不能去，因为我不知道那里是否可进入。 there be句型中be动词应与后面的主语a lot of places保持一致。a lot of places是复数，因此be动词用are。 9．句意：我相信这个小东西会给像我这样的人带来巨大改变。 根据语境，此处指Alex的这款应用，表示“这个小东西/小发明”，且前文提到app为单数，故此处指代应用单数名词thing。test表示“测试”，与题意无关。 10．句意：所以Alex说他将尽可能努力地把Ability App变为现实。 as+副词原级+as one can表示“尽可能……”。此处表示尽可能努力，应用hard。hardly“几乎不”，不符合语境。 五、任务型阅读 When you think of visiting a library, you may picture walking through tall shelves and looking for books by hand. You can only go when the library is open. Sometimes, the book is not there, and you have to come back another day. But now, with new technology (技术), libraries are no longer limited (限制) by walls. There are many online libraries. You can use a computer or a phone to look for books. And you can read at home or in a park. This is very helpful. There are many kinds of books online, like storybooks, science books, and history books. They help students who live far from libraries get books easily. They also help with schoolwork by giving many books to use. Teachers can find good books to help their students learn. And they can read different books to learn better ways to teach. Many online libraries now take advantage of (利用) clean energy (能源), such as energy from the sun or wind, to run their computers. This makes them green and good for our earth. In a word, online libraries do not just give people a new way to read; they encourage people to learn new things every day and bring people from different places closer through books. That is why they are growing fast and helping more and more people. 1．What may you picture when you think of visiting a traditional library? 2．Where can people read books from online libraries? 3．Who can get help from online libraries besides students? 4．What kind of energy do many online libraries use to run their computers? 5．Would you like to use online libraries? Why or why not? 【答案】1．I may picture walking through tall shelves and looking for books by hand. 2．They can read at home, in a park or anywhere else with a computer or a phone. 3．Teachers. 4．They use clean energy such as energy from the sun or wind to run their computers. 5．Yes, I’d love to. Because it is convenient and I can read books anytime. 【导语】本文介绍了线上图书馆的优势——不受时空限制、资源丰富助学习、使用清洁能源环保，并说明它正快速发展、帮助越来越多的人。 【详解】1．原文第一段提到“you may picture walking through tall shelves and looking for books by hand”，直接给出了对传统图书馆的印象，直接提取对应内容即可。 2．原文第一段提到“You can use a computer or a phone to look for books. And you can read at home or in a park”，说明借助电脑或手机，人们可以在家、公园等场所阅读，整合相关信息作答。 3．原文第二段提到“Teachers can find good books to help their students learn. And they can read different books to learn better ways to teach”，说明除了学生，教师也可以借助在线图书馆找资料、学习更好的教学方法。 4．原文第三段提到“Many online libraries now take advantage of clean energy, such as energy from the sun or wind, to run their computers”，说明很多在线图书馆利用太阳能、风能这类清洁能源运行电脑。 5．开放性问题，答案不唯一。结合在线图书馆不受时空限制、资源丰富等优势给出合理表述即可。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $