专题08 完形填空高频“坑”词（知识清单）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习高效培优系列

清单08 完形填空高频“坑”词 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 功能高频派生词（完形最爱挖坑） 考点二 逻辑意义对比识记---常考易混短语 考点三 多查多记生僻词--高频障碍词汇 考点四 辨清记牢形近词与义近词 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点1 高频派生词（完形最爱挖坑）  这类词由课本词根变形而来，看着眼熟、考法陌生，是完形第一大易错点。 1. _____________ adj. 不自然的；反常的 2. publication n. 出版；出版物；发表 3. _____________ n. 晋升；推广；宣传；促销 4. guardian n. 监护人；保护者 5. feedback n. 反馈；意见回复 6._____________adj. 毫无价值的；无用的 7. frankly adv. 坦率地；直白地 8. greenery n. 绿植；绿色景致 9. _____________ adj. 邻近的；附近的 10. _____________ adj. 罕见的；不常发生的 11. co-author n. 合著者；共同创作者 12. aspirational adj. 有抱负的；渴望成功的 13. packed adj. 挤满人的；拥挤的 14. _____________ n. 吸收；专注；全身心投入 15. workout n. 体育锻炼；体能训练 16. _____________ adv. 在情绪层面；情感上 17. complainer n. 爱抱怨的人 18. globalization n. 全球化 19. _____________ adv. 从历史角度；历来 20. motivational adj. 励志的；鼓舞人心的 21. _____________ adv. 最好是；更可取地 22. perspective n. 视角；观点；看法（完形超级高频） 23. unimaginable adj. 难以想象的；不可思议的 24. digestion n. 消化；理解、领悟 25. _____________ v. 重新调整；重新规划 26. _____________e adj. 无法治愈的；难以改变的 27. donor n. 捐赠者；捐献人 28. _____________  adj.易被忘记的      _____________  adj.健忘的 29．_____________  adj.体贴的，考虑周到的     _____________  adj.相当多(或大、重要等)的 30．_____________ adj.有关经济的        _____________ adj.省钱的 31．_____________  n.创造        _____________  n.创造力 32．physician  n.内科医生       _____________  n.物理学家 33．comparable  adj.比得上的        comparative  adj.相对的 34．ashamed  adj.惭愧的        _____________  adj.可耻的 35．confident  adj.有信心的        _____________ adj.机密的，秘密的 36．disability  n.缺陷，障碍       _____________  n.无能，不能 37．objection  n.反对          objectivity  n.客观性 38．worthless  adj.不值钱的          priceless  adj.无价的 39．_____________ adj.无价值的          ___________  adj.非常贵重的 40．respectful    adj.尊敬的，表示敬意的       _____________   adj.值得尊敬的，相当好的 考点2 逻辑意义对比识记---常考易混短语 以下是需要考生认真记忆的几组完形填空高频易混短语： ①___________最重要的是  in all总共 ②___________   (使……)适应…… adapt ... for ... 把……改编成…… ③___________r申请  apply to适用于 ④___________另外  in addition to除……以外(还) ⑤___________   以……为代价 at all costs 不惜任何代价 ⑥___________执行  carry on继续做 ⑦___________登记  check out结账离开 ⑧come across(偶然)遇见  ___________共计 come out出现，出版  come true实现，达到 come round/around 苏醒 ___________ 变得活跃 ⑨in vain白费力气  in return作为回报 ___________轮流  in detail详细地 in common共有，公有  in demand有需求的 ⑩___________＝instead of   而不是 other than＝except   除了 ⑪___________炫耀，卖弄  show up如约赶到，出现 ⑫___________拒绝  turn to转向，求助于 ⑬break down   出故障，使分解(为) break in强行进入，打断  break through突破 ⑭___________ 有道理，有意义 make a difference 有作用/关系/影响 make a (...) living 过(……的)生活 ⑮put aside储存，保留  put away将……收起，积蓄 ___________提出  put off推迟，延迟 ___________容忍，忍受 ⑯in contrast对比起来  ___________与此相反 ⑰draw in   (列车等)到达，(天)渐黑 draw near接近，靠近  draw on凭借 ___________ 起草 考点3 多查多记生僻词--高频障碍词汇 一、以下是完形填空题中常考的多义词(生僻义项加黑标示)： ①fix v．安装，使固定；修理；___________ ②add v．加；___________ ③apply v．申请；应用；___________ ④reach v．到达；实现；伸手；___________ ⑤save v．拯救；储蓄；节约；___________ ⑥stand v．站立；忍受　n．___________ ⑦work v．工作；___________ ⑧agree with同意；___________ ⑨arm n．手臂　v．___________ ⑩attend vt.&vi.出席；___________ ⑪dear adj.亲爱的；昂贵的 int.___________ ⑫help v．帮助；___________ ⑬matter n．事情，问题，麻烦事；物质　v．___________ ⑭trick v．欺骗　n．诡计；恶作剧；___________ ⑮pick up捡起；(车船)中途搭人；(不经意间)学会；___________ ⑯make up构成，组成；化妆；编造；___________ account n.账户 account for ___________ addres n.地址 v.___________ air n.空气 n.感觉，神态；airs___________ allow v.允许 allow for ___________ answer v.回答 answer for ___________ approach v.接近 v.着手处理；n.___________ area n.地区 n.___________ arm n.手臂 v.___________（arm sb. with sth.） back n.背部 v.___________（back up);adv.向后 balance n.平衡 n.___________；v.___________（balance A against B） bear n.熊 v、忍受；___________ board n.木板 n.___________；v.___________ book n.书 v.___________ break v.（使）破，裂 n.___________；v.___________ build v.建造 n.___________（a strong build） care v、关心 n.___________；care for（动词短语）非常喜欢 carry v.携带 v.刊登；承载；输送 catch v.抓住v.___________（catch sb.'s meaning)；赶上（公共汽车、火车、飞机等） cause n.原因 n.___________（a noble cause） change v.改变 n.___________；v.___________ charge v.收费 v.___________（charge sb. with sth.);n.___________（in charge） check v.检查 v.___________（check one's anger);n.___________ coach n.教练 v.___________ color n.颜色v.___________；（因尴尬而）脸红 company n.公司 n.___________（in company with） cover v.覆盖 v.___________ cross v.穿过 adj.___________（be cross with sb.);n.___________ cut v.切，割v.___________（cut costs);n.伤口 develop v.发展v.养成（习惯）；___________ draw v.画v.___________（draw a conclusion） drive v.驾驶v.___________（drive sb. crazy);n.___________ drop v.落下v.放弃；n.___________（a drop of） easy adj.容易的adj.___________（an easy life);adv.慢些（take it easy） end n.结尾n. ___________（achieve one's ends） 二、以下是篇章类材料中常常被考生忽视的词汇，需要特别关注。 速记1生僻动词 1. _____________预料，预期 2.assign 分配，布置，分派 3.attain 获得       4. _____________使增长 5. _____________（使）停止，终止，结束 6.cite引用，引述 7.dominate 支配，控制   8. _____________ 显现，显露 9.illustrate ①说明，解释②表明······真实   10.perceive ①认为②察觉到，注意到 11.suspend ①悬，挂②中止③暂缓      12. _____________①维持（生命、生存）②使保持 速记2 生僻名词／形容词 1. _____________ ①（人生的）一段经历②（小说的）片段，插曲 2.panel①嵌板，镶板②专家咨询组        3. _____________ ①优先事项，最重要的事②优先，优先权 4.prospect①风景，景色②前景，展望，设想 5. _____________ 相互矛盾的，不一致的 6.conventional 传统的     7.decent①相当不错的②正派的③得体的 8. _____________①充满活力的，精力充沛的②动态的，发展变化的 9.enormous 巨大的，庞大的 10.humble ①谦逊的，虚心的②（级别或地位）低下的 11. _____________完全同样的，相同的       12. _____________ ①巨大的②非常严重的 13. _____________永久的，长久的     14.premier 第一的，首要的 15.primitive ①原始的②落后的        16. _____________随后，后来 17. _____________ 大量的，价值巨大的 速记3 生僻副词 1.absolutely 绝对地，完全地        2. _____________仅仅，刚刚，勉强可能 3. _____________仅仅，只不过    4. _____________ ①最终，最后②最基本地，根本上 5. _____________看来，显然 6.literally ①字面上②真正地，确实地③简直 速记4 其它高频坑词 acknowledge v．　承认，感谢 refresh v.   _____________ preserve v.   维护，保护 advocate v.   ____________ urge v.  催促，力劝 distribute v.  ____________ withdraw v.   退出，取消，撤回，取钱 distinguish v. ____________ promote v.  ____________ alternative adj.  ____________ artificial adj.  人造的，假的 ambiguous adj.   模棱两可的，含混不清的 adequate adj.  ____________ awkward adj.  尴尬的 aggressive adj.   好斗的，志在必得的 accurate adj.  精确的，准确的 concrete adj.  具体的，确实的 contradictory adj.   相互矛盾的，不一致的 conventional adj.   传统的，惯例的 complex adj.  复杂的 essential adj.  完全必要的，极其重要的 delicate adj.  精美的，易碎的 fierce adj.   凶猛的，激烈的 flexible adj.  灵活的，有弹性的 portable adj.  便携的 ridiculous adj.  荒谬的，可笑的 skeptical adj.  ____________ unique adj.   独特的，独一无二的 valid adj.   有效的 vacant adj.   空缺的，未被占用的 temporary adj.  ____________ exactly adv.  确切地，恰好 accidentally adv.   偶然地，意外地 nevertheless adv.   然而 increasingly adv.   越来越多地 absolutely adv.   绝对地 scarcely adv.  几乎不 punctually adv.   ____________ initially adv.  最初地 emergency n.  紧急情况 appreciation n. ____________ drawback n.  ____________ privilege n.   特权，荣幸，光荣 equality n.   ____________ motivation n.  ____________ occupation n.  占领，职业 preference n.  偏爱 recreation n.  娱乐，消遣 regulation n.  规则 bargain n.   ____________ appetite n. ____________ ceremony n.____________ affection n.   喜爱 考点4 辨清记牢形近词与义近词 ①live adj.现场直播的，活的 living adj.   活着的；健在的，在使用的 alive adj.   活着的，有活力的 lively adj.   生气勃勃的 ②sensible adj.   明智的，合理的 sensitive adj.   敏感的，灵敏的，体贴的 ③special adj.   特别的，专用的 particular adj.   专指的，格外的 specific adj.   明确的，特定的 ④effective adj.   有效的，实际的 efficient adj.   效率高的 ⑤rough adj.   粗糙的，粗略的，粗暴的 tough adj.   艰难的，坚强的 ⑥continual adj.   连续的，频繁的 continuous adj.   连续的(指从不间断的) repeated adj.  重复的 ⑦considerable adj.  相当多(或大、重要等)的 considerate adj.   体谅的，考虑周到的 ⑧respectable adj.   值得尊敬的，相当好的 expected adj.   预期的 respectful adj.   尊敬的，表示敬意的 respected adj.   受尊敬的 respective adj.   分别的，各自的 ⑨likely adj.可能的  likable adj.可爱的 dislike v．不喜欢  alike adj.相似的 unlike adj.   不同的 ⑩quantity n．数量  quality n．质量 ⑪camp n．宿营  champion n．冠军 campaign n．运动  campus n．(大学、学院的)校园 ⑫bank n．银行，库，河畔  band n．乐队 bond n．关系  brand n．品牌 ⑬ash n．灰烬　cash n．现金　crash v．碰撞 ⑭sigh v．& n．叹气  signal n．信号 v．发信号，表明 sign n．标志，迹象  v．签署 ⑮flight n．航班，飞行  fright n．害怕 frighten v．使惊吓  fight v．&n.打架，打仗 ⑯advance v．& n.   前进，进步 adventure n．冒险  advertise v．做广告 advantage n.   优点 ⑰biology n．生物，生物学  biography n．传记 ⑱lie→lay→lain→lying   躺，位于 lie→lied→lied→lying   撒谎 lay→laid→laid→laying   下(蛋)，产(卵)，安放，搁 delay→delayed→delayed→delaying推迟 ⑲star n．星　stare v．凝视　starve v．(使)挨饿 ⑳explain v．解释  complain v．抱怨 plain n．平原  adj.平凡的，极普通的 21offend v．冒犯  defend v．防御 22rise v．上升  raise v．提升，饲养 arise v．产生  praise v．表扬 arouse v.   激起 23amaze v．使惊奇  amuse v．(使)娱乐 24attract v．吸引  attack v．攻击 25. affect v．影响(主要指一时的.影响，着重影响的动作，可指一般意义的影响，也可指不良影响) effect n.   影响 influence v．& n．影响(主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响) 优题精练·专题实战通关 Cloze 01 （26-27高二上·河北石家庄·期中）When Tanya Eby was in the sixth grade, her world changed in a way she never expected. Her friends told her that they would 1 her and that she wasn’t part of the group anymore. “I was 2 ,” Eby said. “I had no idea what happened or why they turned on me.” At the same time, her life was falling apart. A few days earlier, her parents had made a decision that would 3 her life. Eby’s older brother, who had always been her 4 , was sent to live with their dad. The next morning, Eby woke up to find her brother 5 . Soon after, her stepdad left as well. So, when her friends at school decided they wouldn’t hang out with her anymore, it felt like just another 6 . “Everyone I loved disappeared,” Eby said. “They didn’t tell me why and I couldn’t 7 it.” That day, Eby 8 in tears at school. Her teacher, Mrs. Welch, took her to the teachers’ office to find out what was wrong. Eby poured out her 9 to her teacher, who listened 10 and hugged her. “That hug made me feel like I wasn’t 11 ,” Eby said. “It gave me hope that I would be OK.” Years later, when Eby became a teacher, she remembered Mrs. Welch’s 12 . It helped her understand her students’ 13 and be more caring. “Sometimes, small acts can make a 14 ,” Eby said. “That hug affected me deeply, and I’ll never 15 it.” 1．A．greet B．meet C．call D．ignore 2．A．safe B．calm C．shocked D．excited 3．A．record B．shake C．cheat D．protect 4．A．support B．enemy C．contact D．teacher 5．A．hiding B．awake C．gone D．funny 6．A．loss B．plan C．treat D．secret 7．A．cover B．stress C．respect D．control 8．A．checked out B．broke down C．dropped out D．settled down 9．A．promise B．talent C．money D．pain 10．A．quietly B．proudly C．simply D．angrily 11．A．alone B．asleep C．picky D．thankful 12．A．courage B．praise C．kindness D．memory 13．A．promises B．dreams C．excuses D．struggles 14．A．system B．difference C．choice D．joke 15．A．repeat B．forget C．refuse D．face 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．A 12．C 13．D 14．B 15．B 【导语】文章主要讲述埃比年少遭受亲友与朋友接连离开的打击，老师的善意拥抱治愈了她，长大后她也温柔善待学生。 【详解】1．考查动词。句意：她的朋友们告诉她，她们会无视她，而且她不再是这个小团体的一员了。A. greet问候；B. meet见面；C. call称呼；D. ignore忽视。根据下文“she wasn’t part of the group anymore”可知，朋友们把她排除在团体之外，不会再理她。 2．考查形容词。句意：“我当时震惊了，”埃比说，“我不知道发生了什么，也不知道她们为什么突然针对我。”A. safe安全的；B. calm冷静的；C. shocked震惊的；D. excited兴奋的。根据上文“she wasn’t part of the group anymore”和下文“I had no idea what happened or why they turned on me”可知，被朋友突然排挤，埃比完全没有心理准备，感到非常震惊。 3．考查动词。句意：几天前，她的父母做了一个将彻底改变她人生的决定。A. record记录；B. shake动摇、改变；C. cheat欺骗；D. protect保护。根据后文“Eby’s older brother, who had always been her _______, was sent to live with their dad. The next morning, Eby woke up to find her brother”可知，埃比一直视为依靠的哥哥，被送去和他们的父亲一起生活了，这个决定对她的生活产生了巨大冲击。shake one’s life意为“动摇/改变某人的生活”。 4．考查名词。句意：埃比一直视为依靠的哥哥，被送去和他们的父亲一起生活了。A. support支持、依靠；B. enemy敌人；C. contact联系；D. teacher老师。根据下文“The next morning, Eby woke up to find her brother”及“Everyone I loved disappeared”哥哥离开让她备受打击可知，哥哥一直是她情感上的依靠和支持。 5．考查形容词。句意：第二天早上，埃比醒来发现哥哥已经不见了。A. hiding躲藏的；B. awake醒着的；C. gone离开的、不见了的；D. funny有趣的。根据上文“Eby’s older brother, who had always been her ______, was sent to live with their dad”可知，哥哥已经被送走，早晨醒来家里自然没有他的身影了。 6．考查名词。句意：所以，当学校的朋友们决定不再和她一起玩时，这感觉就像是又一次失去。A. loss失去；B. plan计划；C. treat款待；D. secret秘密。根据上文“when her friends at school decided they wouldn’t hang out with her anymore, it felt like just another”和下文“Everyone I loved disappeared”可知，哥哥和继父接连离开，朋友们的疏远对她而言又是一次重要的情感丧失。 7．考查动词。句意：他们没告诉我原因，我也无法控制这件事。A. cover覆盖；B. stress强调；C. respect尊重；D. control控制。根据上文““Everyone I loved disappeared,” Eby said. “They didn’t tell me why and I couldn’t”一系列变故都是他人决定、自己毫不知情可知，面对接二连三的离别，年幼的埃比感到无能为力，无法掌控局面。 8．考查动词短语。句意：那天，埃比在学校崩溃大哭。A. checked out结账离开；B. broke down（情感）失控、崩溃；C. dropped out辍学；D. settled down安定下来。根据下文“in tears at school”可知，积压的情绪让她当场情绪崩溃。 9．考查名词。句意：埃比向老师倾诉了自己的痛苦，老师静静地听着，然后拥抱了她。A. promise承诺；B. talent天赋；C. money钱；D. pain痛苦。根据上文““Everyone I loved disappeared,” Eby said. “They didn’t tell me why and I couldn’t _______ it.””被朋友排挤、家人离开的经历可知，埃比内心充满伤痛，向老师倾诉的正是这份痛苦。 10．考查副词。句意：同上。A. quietly安静地；B. proudly骄傲地；C. simply简单地；D. angrily生气地。根据上文“her teacher, who listened”和下文“and hugged her”老师耐心安抚学生的情境可知，老师此时应是安静、专注地倾听，给予孩子安全感。 11．考查形容词。句意：“那个拥抱让我觉得我并不是孤身一人，”埃比说，“这给了我希望，我会没事的。”A. alone独自的、孤独的；B. asleep睡着的；C. picky挑剔的；D. thankful感激的。根据上文“That hug made me feel like I wasn’t”可知，身边重要的人接连离开，她感到被抛弃，而老师的拥抱给予了陪伴感，因此她觉得自己不再孤单。 12．考查名词。句意：多年后，当埃比成为一名教师时，她想起了韦尔奇太太的善意。A. courage勇气；B. praise表扬；C. kindness善良、善意；D. memory记忆。根据上文“her teacher, who listened _______ and hugged her”老师倾听并拥抱她的行为和“she remembered Mrs. Welch’s”可知，这是一种充满关怀的善意举动。 13．考查名词。句意：这帮助她理解学生们的困境，并变得更加富有同情心。A. promises承诺；B. dreams梦想；C. excuses借口；D. struggles挣扎、困境。根据上文“Years later, when Eby became a teacher, she remembered Mrs. Welch’s _______. It helped her understand her students’”可知，她自己曾经历情感危机，这种善意让她更能共情学生正在经历的艰难处境。 14．考查名词。句意：“有时候，小小的举动就能产生巨大的影响，”埃比说。A. system系统；B. difference不同；C. choice选择；D. joke玩笑。根据上文“small acts can make a”可知，老师一个拥抱深深影响她，小小的举动就能产生巨大的影响。 15．考查动词。句意：“那个拥抱深深影响了我，我永远都不会忘记它。”A. repeat重复；B. forget忘记；C. refuse拒绝；D. face面对。根据上文“That hug affected me deeply, and I’ll never”可知，这次经历对她意义重大，将会被她铭记一生，永远不会忘记。 Cloze 02 （26-27高三上·山东·开学考试）I was a timid (胆小的) child when Mother began her long efforts to give me courage. Among my earliest memories are Mother’s words, “Go right up and look your 1 in the face — and then do something!” To remove my unease of the dark, Mother 2 a gentle game for us to play beneath the night sky. She circled the house in one direction, I in the other. At the far corner, just as shadows closed in, anxiety 3 me. Next, I 4 straight into her 5 arms. As I grew older, the most frightening experience for me was staying in the house alone at night. My parents 6 built up my courage to face this difficulty. Mother would occupy me with a beloved puzzle or a favourite book, before she and Father 7 leaving me to my own devices. Then, one night, I 8 myself all alone for two whole hours. After that, I spent entire evenings by myself in happy activities, totally 9 all fear. Years later, I took my first job to 10 photos of Lake Lure over the Blue Ridge Mountains aboard a small plane. When we flew through a rocky mountain pass, strong turbulence (气流) 11 the plane violently, and I was seized by great fear that we would never get out safely. In that 12 moment, Mother’s words came to me: “Look fear in the face, and do something!” I pulled myself together, kept 13 and tried to catch every clear moment to take photos. Now, spending a night alone in the woods is a beautiful experience that 14 my inner life. This peace is possible only because my mother’s advice 15 me from fear. 1．A．hopes B．fears C．dreams D．illness 2．A．designed B．improved C．borrowed D．purchased 3．A．changed B．relieved C．sheltered D．consumed 4．A．wandered B．raced C．cycled D．paced 5．A．exhausting B．trembling C．comforting D．surprising 6．A．gradually B．suddenly C．quickly D．casually 7．A．held on B．broke down C．stayed up D．slipped away 8．A．wished B．found C．treated D．felt 9．A．forgetting B．experiencing C．displaying D．sensing 10．A．print B．record C．mark D．shoot 11．A．packed B．lifted C．buffeted D．stopped 12．A．memorial B．critical C．historic D．magical 13．A．informed B．locked C．focused D．suspected 14．A．explores B．proves C．restores D．covers 75．A．separated B．hid C．excused D．freed 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．C 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文讲述了作者自幼胆小怯懦，母亲通过游戏、逐步放手等方式循序渐进地培养作者的勇气，教会作者直面恐惧；这份勇气在作者成年后遭遇飞行险情时也给予了他力量，最终作者得以摆脱恐惧，收获内心的平静与成长。 【详解】1．考查名词。句意：在我最早的记忆中，母亲的话是：“径直走上前去，直面你内心的恐惧——然后有所行动！”A. hopes希望；B. fears恐惧；C. dreams梦想；D. illness疾病。根据前文“I was a timid (胆小的) child when Mother began her long efforts to give me courage.”可知，作者天性胆小，母亲长期努力的目标正是给予他勇气，可推知母亲让作者直视内心的恐惧。 2．考查动词。句意：为了消除我对黑暗的不安，母亲设计了一个温和的游戏，让我们在夜空下玩耍。A. designed设计；B. improved改善；C. borrowed借用；D. purchased购买。根据后文“She circled the house in one direction, I in the other.”可知，母亲安排了具体的游戏规则（两人分头绕房子走），这是母亲专门设计出来的互动方式。 3．考查动词。句意：在房子远处的角落，就在阴影笼罩过来时，焦虑感吞噬了我。A. changed改变；B. relieved缓解；C. sheltered庇护；D. consumed吞没。根据前文“To remove my unease of the dark”以及“just as shadows closed in”可知，作者原本就怕黑，阴影逼近的瞬间，焦虑的情绪彻底将其笼罩、吞噬。 4．考查动词。句意：紧接着，我径直飞奔进她令人安心的怀抱。A. wandered漫步；B. raced飞奔；C. cycled骑自行车；D. paced踱步。根据前文“anxiety ______ me”可知，作者刚刚被强烈的焦虑淹没，此时唯一的本能反应是急切地奔向母亲寻求安全感，只有raced能体现惊恐中急于寻求庇护的状态。 5．考查形容词。句意：紧接着，我径直飞奔进她令人安心的怀抱。A. exhausting令人疲惫的；B. trembling颤抖的；C. comforting令人安心的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。根据前文“To remove my unease of the dark”可知，对于害怕的孩子来说，母亲的怀抱能够带来安全感、安抚情绪，comforting符合本句语境。 6．考查副词。句意：我的父母逐步培养我面对独自在家过夜这一困难的勇气。A. gradually逐渐地；B. suddenly突然地；C. quickly快速地；D. casually随意地。根据后文“Mother would occupy me with a beloved puzzle or a favourite book”可知，母亲会先用拼图或书分散作者的注意力，而非直接把作者一个人留下，这是一个循序渐进的过程。 7．考查动词短语。句意：母亲会让我沉浸在心爱的拼图或最喜欢的书里，然后她和父亲就悄悄离开，留我自己待着。A. held on坚持；B. broke down出故障；崩溃；C. stayed up熬夜；D. slipped away悄悄离开。根据空后的“leaving me to my own devices”可知，父母需要离开作者身边，让他独立面对。 68．考查动词。句意：后来有一天晚上，我发现自己独自一人待了整整两个小时。A. wished希望；B. found发现；C. treated对待；D. felt感觉。根据前文“Mother would occupy me with a beloved puzzle or a favourite book, before she and Father ________ leaving me to my own devices.(空里填slipped away)”以及空后的“myself all alone”可知，这是作者第一次发现自己真正独立面对黑夜的结果。 9．考查动词。句意：从那以后，我独自度过整个晚上，沉浸在快乐的活动中，完全忘记了所有的恐惧。A. forgetting忘记；B. experiencing经历；C. displaying展示；D. sensing感知。根据前文“After that, I spent entire evenings by myself in happy activities”可知，全身心投入到愉快的活动中，自然不再关注恐惧的情绪，也就是忘记了恐惧。 10．考查动词。句意：多年后，我得到第一份工作，乘坐一架小型飞机拍摄蓝岭山脉上方的卢尔湖风光。A. print打印；B. record记录；C. mark标记；D. shoot拍摄。根据后文“tried to catch every clear moment to take photos”可知，作者的工作内容是乘坐飞机拍摄湖泊风光；shoot photos为固定搭配，意为“拍摄照片”。 11．考查动词。句意：当我们飞过一个岩石遍布的山口时，强烈的气流剧烈地颠簸着飞机，我极度恐惧，觉得我们永远无法安全脱险。A. packed打包；B. lifted举起；C. buffeted使颠簸；D. stopped停止。根据空前的“strong turbulence (气流)”和空后的“violently”可知，气流会持续冲击、颠簸飞机，buffeted准确描述了气流对飞机的作用。 12．考查形容词。句意：在那个危急时刻，妈妈的话浮现在我脑海：“直面恐惧，然后有所行动！”A. memorial纪念的；B. critical危急的；C. historic历史性的；D. magical神奇的。根据前文“I was seized by great fear that we would never get out safely”可知，飞机遭遇强气流，作者担心无法安全脱险；由此可推知这是一个十分危急的时刻，强调局势的紧迫性。 13．考查形容词。句意：我振作起来，保持专注，努力抓住每一个清晰的瞬间拍照。A. informed了解情况的；B. locked上锁的；C. focused专注的；D. suspected怀疑的。根据空前的“I pulled myself together”以及空后的“tried to catch every clear moment to take photos”可知，作者需要在颠簸中完成拍摄任务，这要求他必须精神高度集中；kept focused意为“保持专注”（kept是keep的过去式），与“catch every clear moment”形成动作上的连贯性，是完成拍摄工作的前提。 14．考查动词。句意：如今，独自在树林里过夜是一种美妙的体验，它能修复我的内心世界。A. explores探索；B. proves证明；C. restores修复；D. covers覆盖。根据空前的“spending a night alone in the woods is a beautiful experience”以及后文“This peace is possible”可知，独自过夜已从曾经最可怕的事变成了美妙的体验，这种积极的转变能让内心回归平静、修复精神世界。 15．考查动词。句意：这份平静之所以成为可能，正是因为母亲的箴言将我从恐惧中解放出来。A. separated分离；B. hid隐藏；C. excused原谅；D. freed解放。根据前文“This peace is possible”可知，作者如今拥有了内心的平静，而这得益于母亲的教导；free sb. from sth.是固定搭配，意为“将某人从……中解放出来”，此处指母亲的建议让作者摆脱了恐惧的束缚，起到升华主题的作用。 Cloze 03 （26-27高三上·河北邢台·期中）At five, I heard a piece of piano music from a neighbor’s house. Those 21 flew into my heart and never left. I cried for one. My father 22 , “When you turn fifteen, I’ll buy you one.” But when fifteen came, I saw my family’s 23 — grandparents’ medical bills, siblings’ school fees. On my birthday, I took out a harmonica (口琴) I had saved for. 24 it, I imagined it was my piano — smaller, but warm in my palm. After middle school, I worked part-time while studying, 25 every coin in a tin box. I would press my face against piano store windows, 26 the piano and imagining the melodies. When I worked, the tin box grew 27 . However, relatives fell ill, the house needed repairs — money 28 , and the box grew lighter. I never 29 . I just stood outside the piano store, listening to the music drift out. 30 , I bought a cheap guitar and joined a class. 31 by young students, I struggled with basic 32 . The teacher asked if I could handle it. I just smiled at her and nodded. From the harmonica to the guitar, I was one step closer to the 33 . On the graduation day, I performed a simple piece. Some 34 hummed (哼) along. I closed my eyes and heard a piano in my heart, every note pure and clear. I have never owned a piano, but music has never left me. It lives in my heart, carrying me through storms and growing old with me gently. Living like this, I have no 35 . 21．A．exchanges B．flashes C．lectures D．notes 22．A．screamed B．promised C．ordered D．protested 23．A．burdens B．goals C．strategies D．solutions 24．A．Editing B．Challenging C．Holding D．Tapping 25．A．using B．tracking C．supplying D．saving 26．A．carving B．studying C．promoting D．preserving 27．A．heavier B．bigger C．higher D．better 28．A．piled up B．broke down C．flowed out D．ran away 29．A．refused B．pretended C．hesitated D．complained 30．A．Eventually B．Fortunately C．Immediately D．Accidentally 31．A．Ignored B．Awarded C．Pressed D．Surrounded 32．A．equipment B．exercises C．physiology D．operations 33．A．future B．academy C．piano D．mode 34．A．audience B．journalists C．assistants D．applicants 35．A．choices B．regrets C．worries D．doubts 【答案】 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．C 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．D 30．A 31．D 32．B 33．C 34．A 35．B 【导语】文章讲述作者自幼热爱钢琴却因家境无法拥有，从口琴到吉他始终坚持音乐梦想。虽从未拥有钢琴，但音乐始终陪伴左右，作者因此人生没有遗憾。 【详解】21．考查名词。句意：那些音符飞进我的心里，再也没有离开。A. exchanges交换；B. flashes闪光；C. lectures讲座；D. notes音符。根据上文“I heard a piece of piano music from a neighbor’s house.”可知，是钢琴的“音符”飞进作者心里。 22．考查动词。句意：父亲承诺：“等你十五岁时，我给你买一架。”A. screamed尖叫；B. promised承诺；C. ordered命令；D. protested抗议。根据下文“When you turn fifteen, I’ll buy you one.”可知，父亲“承诺”给作者买钢琴。 23．考查名词。句意：但十五岁到来时，我看到了家庭的负担——祖父母的医药费、兄弟姐妹的学费。A. burdens负担；B. goals目标；C. strategies策略；D. solutions解决方案。根据下文“grandparents’ medical bills, siblings’ school fees”可知，这些是家庭的“负担”。 24．考查动词。句意：拿着它，我想象它就是我的钢琴——更小，但在我的掌心很温暖。A. Editing编辑；B. Challenging挑战；C. Holding拿着；D. Tapping轻敲。根据下文“it, I imagined it was my piano”可知，作者“拿着”口琴想象它是钢琴。 25．考查动词。句意：中学毕业后，我一边打工一边学习，把每一枚硬币都存在铁盒里。A. using使用；B. tracking追踪；C. supplying供应；D. saving节省，储蓄。根据下文“every coin in a tin box”可知，作者把每一枚硬币都“存”在铁盒里。 26．考查动词。句意：我会把脸贴在钢琴店的窗户上，细看钢琴，想象着旋律。A. carving雕刻；B. studying端详，细看；C. promoting推广；D. preserving保护。根据上文“press my face against piano store windows,”和下文“the piano and imagining the melodies”可知，作者在凑近“细看”钢琴。 27．考查形容词。句意：当我工作时，铁盒变得越来越重。A. heavier更重的；B. bigger更大的；C. higher更高的；D. better更好的。根据下文“the box grew lighter”形成对比可知，铁盒起初变得“更重”。 28．考查动词短语。句意：然而，亲戚生病了，房子需要修缮——钱流出去了，盒子也变轻了。A. piled up堆积；B. broke down出故障；C. flowed out流出；D. ran away跑走。根据下文“and the box grew lighter”可知，钱被花出去了，即“流出去了”。 29．考查动词。句意：我从不抱怨。A. refused拒绝；B. pretended假装；C. hesitated犹豫；D. complained抱怨。根据下文“I just stood outside the piano store, listening to the music drift out.”可知，作者从不“抱怨”。 30．考查副词。句意：最终，我买了一把便宜的吉他，并参加了一个班。A. Eventually最终；B. Fortunately幸运地；C. Immediately立刻；D. Accidentally偶然地。根据下文“I bought a cheap guitar and joined a class”可知，经过漫长的努力，“最终”作者买了吉他。 31．考查动词。句意：被年轻学生们包围着，我在基础练习中挣扎。A. Ignored忽视；B. Awarded奖励；C. Pressed按压；D. Surrounded包围。根据上文“joined a class”和下文“by young students”可知，作者加入了吉他班，所以是被年轻学生们“包围”着。 32．考查名词。句意：被年轻学生们包围着，我在基础练习中挣扎。A. equipment设备；B. exercises练习；C. physiology生理学；D. operations操作。根据上文“I struggled with basic”以及学习吉他的语境可知，作者在基础“练习”中挣扎。 33．考查名词。句意：从口琴到吉他，我离钢琴又近了一步。A. future未来；B. academy学院；C. piano钢琴；D. mode模式。根据全文作者对钢琴的渴望可知，从口琴到吉他，作者离“钢琴”的梦想又近了一步。 34．考查名词。句意：一些观众跟着哼唱。A. audience观众；B. journalists记者；C. assistants助手；D. applicants申请者。根据上文“On the graduation day, I performed a simple piece.”可知，在毕业那天，作者演奏了曲目，所以是“观众”跟着哼唱。 35．考查名词。句意：这样生活着，我没有遗憾。A. choices选择；B. regrets遗憾；C. worries担忧；D. doubts怀疑。根据上文“I have never owned a piano, but music has never left me. It lives in my heart”可知，虽然从未拥有钢琴，但音乐一直陪伴作者，因此作者没有“遗憾”。 Cloze 04 （26-27高三上·山东德州·阶段检测）A loud bang suddenly rang out in the lab I had recently joined as a Ph.D．student. I realized I was to 36 . When placing tubes into a centrifuge (离心机), I had failed to make sure they were 37 . I stood there, frozen, 38 the large machine wouldn’t fall off the counter as it shook. When it was all over, my professor tried to cheer me up by saying, “These things happen.” But I was 39 . I had been a top student, always expecting 40 from myself. As my errors continued to pile up, I had trouble 41 them and moving on. I no longer showed up at the lab with 42 . And when I had an idea for a new experiment, I was 43 to give it a try. I didn’t want to give others any more evidence of my 44 . Then, one day, I read a sentence: Treat yourself with the same 45 you would offer a dear friend. Indeed, if a friend made a mistake, I would tell them to take it 46 and see it as part of growing. Then I began to treat myself like that friend and I became more 47 with the idea of making mistakes. That shift in mindset made it easier for me to 48 the uncertainty ahead. The reality is that we are all going to 49 . That’s OK, even necessary, though. “Doing better” comes from “doing first”, often with 50 along the way. 36．A．leave B．survive C．protest D．blame 37．A．balanced B．combined C．forgotten D．broken 38．A．denying B．explaining C．hoping D．promising 39．A．embarrassed B．determined C．astonished D．relieved 40．A．permission B．excellence C．strategy D．willingness 41．A．reaching B．refusing C．imagining D．accepting 42．A．pain B．effort C．passion D．respect 43．A．confident B．hesitant C．eager D．proud 44．A．representative B．qualification C．incompetence D．importance 45．A．sympathy B．judgement C．result D．fear 46．A．cautiously B．officially C．seriously D．lightly 47．A．curious B．anxious C．comfortable D．satisfactory 48．A．navigate B．discover C．describe D．quantify 49．A．hang about B．mess up C．pull over D．break away 50．A．vision B．energy C．ambitions D．obstacles 【答案】 36．D 37．A 38．C 39．A 40．B 41．D 42．C 43．B 44．C 45．A 46．D 47．C 48．A 49．B 50．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者从因犯错而自我怀疑，到学会自我宽容、坦然面对失败的心路历程。 【详解】36．考查动词。句意：我意识到我要受到责备了。A. leave离开；B. survive幸存；C. protest抗议；D. blame责备。根据前文“A loud bang suddenly rang out in the lab I had recently joined as a Ph.D. student”可知，实验室突然传来巨响，是作者操作失误引发的事故，此时作者明白自己要被追责。 37．考查形容词。句意：当我把试管放进离心机时，我没有确保它们是平衡的。A. balanced平衡的；B. combined结合的；C. forgotten被遗忘的；D. broken破碎的。根据前文“A loud bang suddenly rang out in the lab”和“When placing tubes into a centrifuge (离心机), I had failed to make sure they were”可知，离心机运转时试管必须保持平衡，作者没有使试管平衡，引发了事故。 38．考查动词。句意：我僵在原地，希望这台大机器震动时不会从操作台上掉下来。A. denying否认；B. explaining解释；C. hoping希望；D. promising承诺。根据后文“the large machine wouldn’t fall off the counter as it shook”可知，面对失控震动的离心机，作者当下的心理状态只能是祈祷机器不要掉落，避免事故进一步恶化。 39．考查形容词。句意：但我还是感到十分尴尬。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. determined坚定的；C. astonished震惊的；D. relieved宽慰的。根据前文“the large machine wouldn’t fall off the counter as it shook”可知，作为刚加入实验室的博士生，操作失误闯下大祸，作者内心满是窘迫难堪。 40．考查名词。句意：我曾经是尖子生，总是要求自己做到极致优秀。A. permission许可；B. excellence优秀；C. strategy策略；D. willingness意愿。根据前文“I had been a top student, always expecting”和后文“from myself”可知，作为一直名列前茅的学生，作者对自己的期待自然是事事做到出色完美。 41．考查动词。句意：随着我的错误不断累积，我很难接受它们并继续推进工作。A. reaching抵达；B. refusing拒绝；C. imagining想象；D. accepting接受。根据前文“I had been a top student, always expecting ______ from myself. As my errors continued to pile up, I had trouble”可知，习惯了优秀，面对接连不断的失误，作者始终无法坦然接纳这些不完美的结果。 42．考查名词。句意：我再也没有带着满腔热情出现在实验室里。A. pain痛苦；B. effort努力；C. passion热情；D. respect尊重。根据前文“As my errors continued to pile up, I had trouble ______ them and moving on. I no longer showed up at the lab with”可知，接连的失误打击了作者的积极性，让作者对实验室工作失去了往日的投入与热忱。 43．考查形容词。句意：当我有了一个新实验的想法时，我会犹豫要不要去尝试。A. confident自信的；B. hesitant犹豫的；C. eager急切的；D. proud骄傲的。根据前文“As my errors continued to pile up, I had trouble ______ them and moving on. I no longer showed up at the lab”和后文“to give it a try”可知，此前多次失败的经历让作者变得畏首畏尾，不敢轻易开启新的尝试。 44．考查名词。句意：我不想再给别人留下任何证明我无能的把柄。A. representative代表；B. qualification资质；C. incompetence无能；D. importance重要性。根据前文“give it a try. I didn’t want to give others any more evidence of my”可知，接连出错，作者生怕自己的表现会让旁人觉得自己能力不足、无法胜任科研工作。 45．考查名词。句意：后来有一天，我读到一句话：用你会给亲密朋友的那份同情来善待自己。A. sympathy同情；B. judgement评判；C. result结果；D. fear恐惧。根据后文“you would offer a dear friend”和“Indeed, if a friend made a mistake, I would tell them to take it ______ and see it as part of growing”可知，对待犯错的挚友，我们往往会给予包容与共情，这句话正是倡导用同样的善意对待自己。 46．考查副词。句意：事实上，如果朋友犯了错，我会告诉他们别太放在心上，把它当成成长的一部分。A. cautiously谨慎地；B. officially正式地；C. seriously严肃地；D. lightly轻松地。根据前文“if a friend made a mistake”和后文“see it as part of growing”可知，如果朋友犯了错，人们通常会会告诉他们别太放在心上，take it lightly是固定搭配，意为“别太较真、放轻松”，符合劝慰朋友犯错时的语境。 47．考查形容词。句意：然后我开始像对待那个朋友一样对待自己，我对犯错这件事变得更加坦然自在。A. curious好奇的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. comfortable自在的；D. satisfactory令人满意的。根据前文“Indeed, if a friend made a mistake, I would tell them to take it ______ and see it as part of growing. Then I began to treat myself like that friend and I became more”和后文“That shift in mindset”可知，心态转变后，作者不再对犯错充满恐惧，而是能自在地接纳它的存在。 48．考查动词。句意：这种心态的转变让我更容易应对前方的不确定性。A. navigate应对、驾驭；B. discover发现；C. describe描述；D. quantify量化。根据后文“the uncertainty ahead”可知，心态的转变让作者更容易应对前方的不确定性，navigate the uncertainty是常用表达，意为“在不确定性中稳步前行、妥善应对未知”。 49．考查动词短语。句意：现实是我们所有人都会把事情搞砸。A. hang about闲逛；B. mess up搞砸；C. pull over靠边停车；D. break away脱离。根据前文“The reality is that we are all going to”并结合全文围绕“犯错”展开的核心主题可知，这里表达的是人人都难免出现失误、把事情弄糟。 50．考查名词。句意：“做得更好”源自“先动手去做”，而这个过程中往往会伴随诸多阻碍与挫折。A. vision视野；B. energy精力；C. ambitions抱负；D. obstacles阻碍。从初次尝试到不断优化的过程里，必然会遇到各种困难与阻碍，这是成长的必经之路。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 清单08 完形填空高频“坑”词 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 功能高频派生词（完形最爱挖坑） 考点二 逻辑意义对比识记---常考易混短语 考点三 多查多记生僻词--高频障碍词汇 考点四 辨清记牢形近词与义近词 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点1 高频派生词（完形最爱挖坑）  这类词由课本词根变形而来，看着眼熟、考法陌生，是完形第一大易错点。 1. unnatural adj. 不自然的；反常的 2. publication n. 出版；出版物；发表 3. promotion n. 晋升；推广；宣传；促销 4. guardian n. 监护人；保护者 5. feedback n. 反馈；意见回复 6. worthless adj. 毫无价值的；无用的 7. frankly adv. 坦率地；直白地 8. greenery n. 绿植；绿色景致 9. neighboring adj. 邻近的；附近的 10. infrequent adj. 罕见的；不常发生的 11. co-author n. 合著者；共同创作者 12. aspirational adj. 有抱负的；渴望成功的 13. packed adj. 挤满人的；拥挤的 14. absorption n. 吸收；专注；全身心投入 15. workout n. 体育锻炼；体能训练 16. emotionally adv. 在情绪层面；情感上 17. complainer n. 爱抱怨的人 18. globalization n. 全球化 19. historically adv. 从历史角度；历来 20. motivational adj. 励志的；鼓舞人心的 21. preferably adv. 最好是；更可取地 22. perspective n. 视角；观点；看法（完形超级高频） 23. unimaginable adj. 难以想象的；不可思议的 24. digestion n. 消化；理解、领悟 25. reprogram v. 重新调整；重新规划 26. incurable adj. 无法治愈的；难以改变的 27. donor n. 捐赠者；捐献人 28. forgettable  adj.易被忘记的       forgetful  adj.健忘的 29．considerate  adj.体贴的，考虑周到的      considerable  adj.相当多(或大、重要等)的 30．economic adj.有关经济的        economical adj.省钱的 31．creation  n.创造        creativity  n.创造力 32．physician  n.内科医生        physicist  n.物理学家 33．comparable  adj.比得上的        comparative  adj.相对的 34．ashamed  adj.惭愧的        shameful  adj.可耻的 35．confident  adj.有信心的        confidential  adj.机密的，秘密的 36．disability  n.缺陷，障碍       inability  n.无能，不能 37．objection  n.反对          objectivity  n.客观性 38．worthless  adj.不值钱的          priceless  adj.无价的 39．valueless  adj.无价值的          invaluable  adj.非常贵重的 40．respectful    adj.尊敬的，表示敬意的       respectable    adj.值得尊敬的，相当好的 考点2 逻辑意义对比识记---常考易混短语 以下是需要考生认真记忆的几组完形填空高频易混短语： ①above all最重要的是  in all总共 ②adjust (oneself) to   (使……)适应…… adapt ... for ... 把……改编成…… ③apply for申请  apply to适用于 ④in addition另外  in addition to除……以外(还) ⑤at the cost of   以……为代价 at all costs 不惜任何代价 ⑥carry out执行  carry on继续做 ⑦check in登记  check out结账离开 ⑧come across(偶然)遇见  come to共计 come out出现，出版  come true实现，达到 come round/around 苏醒 come to life 变得活跃 ⑨in vain白费力气  in return作为回报 in turn轮流  in detail详细地 in common共有，公有  in demand有需求的 ⑩rather than＝instead of   而不是 other than＝except   除了 ⑪show off炫耀，卖弄  show up如约赶到，出现 ⑫turn down拒绝  turn to转向，求助于 ⑬break down   出故障，使分解(为) break in强行进入，打断  break through突破 ⑭make sense   有道理，有意义 make a difference 有作用/关系/影响 make a (...) living 过(……的)生活 ⑮put aside储存，保留  put away将……收起，积蓄 put forward提出  put off推迟，延迟 put up with 容忍，忍受 ⑯in contrast对比起来  on the contrary与此相反 ⑰draw in   (列车等)到达，(天)渐黑 draw near接近，靠近  draw on凭借 draw up 起草 考点3 多查多记生僻词--高频障碍词汇 一、以下是完形填空题中常考的多义词(生僻义项加黑标示)： ①fix v．安装，使固定；修理；确定 ②add v．加；继续说，补充说 ③apply v．申请；应用；涂，敷 ④reach v．到达；实现；伸手；与……取得联系 ⑤save v．拯救；储蓄；节约；避免 ⑥stand v．站立；忍受　n．货摊；态度，立场 ⑦work v．工作；奏效；产生……作用；运行，运转 ⑧agree with同意；(与……)一致；适合 ⑨arm n．手臂　v．武装 ⑩attend vt.&vi.出席；看护，照料 ⑪dear adj.亲爱的；昂贵的 int.天哪 ⑫help v．帮助；避免，抑制 ⑬matter n．事情，问题，麻烦事；物质　v．有关系，要紧 ⑭trick v．欺骗　n．诡计；恶作剧；技巧，诀窍 ⑮pick up捡起；(车船)中途搭人；(不经意间)学会；增加 ⑯make up构成，组成；化妆；编造；和解 account n.账户 account for 解释，说明；（比例上）占 addres n.地址 v.演讲；处理（问题 air n.空气 n.感觉，神态；airs摆架子 allow v.允许 allow for 考虑到 answer v.回答 answer for 对…负责 approach v.接近 v.着手处理；n.方法 area n.地区 n.领域，方面 arm n.手臂 v.武装（arm sb. with sth.） back n.背部 v.支持（back up);adv.向后 balance n.平衡 n.余额；v.权衡（balance A against B） bear n.熊 v、忍受；携带；结（果实） board n.木板 n.董事会；v.上船（或火车、飞机、公共汽车等） book n.书 v.预订（房间、票等） break v.（使）破，裂 n.休息；v.违反；打破（纪录）；打断 build v.建造 n.体型，体格（a strong build） care v、关心 n.小心，谨慎；care for（动词短语）非常喜欢 carry v.携带 v.刊登；承载；输送 catch v.抓住v.理解（catch sb.'s meaning)；赶上（公共汽车、火车、飞机等） cause n.原因 n.事业（a noble cause） change v.改变 n.零钱；v.兑换（货币） charge v.收费 v.指控（charge sb. with sth.);n.负责（in charge） check v.检查 v.抑制（check one's anger);n.支票 coach n.教练 v.指导；辅导 color n.颜色v.为…着色；（因尴尬而）脸红 company n.公司 n.陪伴（in company with） cover v.覆盖 v.报道；足以支付 cross v.穿过 adj.生气的（be cross with sb.);n.十字形 cut v.切，割v.削减（cut costs);n.伤口 develop v.发展v.养成（习惯）；冲洗（胶片） draw v.画v.吸引；推断出（draw a conclusion） drive v.驾驶v.迫使（某人生气、发疯或做出极端事情）（drive sb. crazy);n.车程 drop v.落下v.放弃；n.滴（a drop of） easy adj.容易的adj.舒适的（an easy life);adv.慢些（take it easy） end n.结尾n. 目标（achieve one's ends） 二、以下是篇章类材料中常常被考生忽视的词汇，需要特别关注。 速记1生僻动词 1.anticipate 预料，预期 2.assign 分配，布置，分派 3.attain 获得       4.boost使增长 5.cease（使）停止，终止，结束 6.cite引用，引述 7.dominate 支配，控制   8.emerge 显现，显露 9.illustrate ①说明，解释②表明······真实   10.perceive ①认为②察觉到，注意到 11.suspend ①悬，挂②中止③暂缓      12.sustain ①维持（生命、生存）②使保持 速记2 生僻名词／形容词 1.episode ①（人生的）一段经历②（小说的）片段，插曲 2.panel①嵌板，镶板②专家咨询组        3.priority ①优先事项，最重要的事②优先，优先权 4.prospect①风景，景色②前景，展望，设想 5.contradictory 相互矛盾的，不一致的 6.conventional 传统的     7.decent①相当不错的②正派的③得体的 8.dynamic①充满活力的，精力充沛的②动态的，发展变化的 9.enormous 巨大的，庞大的 10.humble ①谦逊的，虚心的②（级别或地位）低下的 11.identical 完全同样的，相同的       12.massive ①巨大的②非常严重的 13.permanent 永久的，长久的     14.premier 第一的，首要的 15.primitive ①原始的②落后的        16.subsequent 随后，后来 17.substantial 大量的，价值巨大的 速记3 生僻副词 1.absolutely 绝对地，完全地        2.barely仅仅，刚刚，勉强可能 3.merely仅仅，只不过    4.ultimately ①最终，最后②最基本地，根本上 5.apparently 看来，显然 6.literally ①字面上②真正地，确实地③简直 速记4 其它高频坑词 acknowledge v．　承认，感谢 refresh v.   使恢复精力 preserve v.   维护，保护 advocate v.   支持，拥护，提倡 urge v.  催促，力劝 distribute v.  分发，分配 withdraw v.   退出，取消，撤回，取钱 distinguish v.  区分，辨别，使出色 promote v.   促进，提升，促销，推广，倡议 alternative adj.  可选择的 artificial adj.  人造的，假的 ambiguous adj.   模棱两可的，含混不清的 adequate adj.  充足的 awkward adj.  尴尬的 aggressive adj.   好斗的，志在必得的 accurate adj.  精确的，准确的 concrete adj.  具体的，确实的 contradictory adj.   相互矛盾的，不一致的 conventional adj.   传统的，惯例的 complex adj.  复杂的 essential adj.  完全必要的，极其重要的 delicate adj.  精美的，易碎的 fierce adj.   凶猛的，激烈的 flexible adj.  灵活的，有弹性的 portable adj.  便携的 ridiculous adj.  荒谬的，可笑的 skeptical adj.  怀疑的 unique adj.   独特的，独一无二的 valid adj.   有效的 vacant adj.   空缺的，未被占用的 temporary adj.  暂时的 exactly adv.  确切地，恰好 accidentally adv.   偶然地，意外地 nevertheless adv.   然而 increasingly adv.   越来越多地 absolutely adv.   绝对地 scarcely adv.  几乎不 punctually adv.   按时地 initially adv.  最初地 emergency n.  紧急情况 appreciation n.  欣赏，感激 drawback n.  缺点，不利因素 privilege n.   特权，荣幸，光荣 equality n.   平等 motivation n.  动机 occupation n.  占领，职业 preference n.  偏爱 recreation n.  娱乐，消遣 regulation n.  规则 bargain n.   廉价品 appetite n.   胃口 ceremony n.  典礼，仪式 affection n.   喜爱 考点4 辨清记牢形近词与义近词 ①live adj.现场直播的，活的 living adj.   活着的；健在的，在使用的 alive adj.   活着的，有活力的 lively adj.   生气勃勃的 ②sensible adj.   明智的，合理的 sensitive adj.   敏感的，灵敏的，体贴的 ③special adj.   特别的，专用的 particular adj.   专指的，格外的 specific adj.   明确的，特定的 ④effective adj.   有效的，实际的 efficient adj.   效率高的 ⑤rough adj.   粗糙的，粗略的，粗暴的 tough adj.   艰难的，坚强的 ⑥continual adj.   连续的，频繁的 continuous adj.   连续的(指从不间断的) repeated adj.  重复的 ⑦considerable adj.  相当多(或大、重要等)的 considerate adj.   体谅的，考虑周到的 ⑧respectable adj.   值得尊敬的，相当好的 expected adj.   预期的 respectful adj.   尊敬的，表示敬意的 respected adj.   受尊敬的 respective adj.   分别的，各自的 ⑨likely adj.可能的  likable adj.可爱的 dislike v．不喜欢  alike adj.相似的 unlike adj.   不同的 ⑩quantity n．数量  quality n．质量 ⑪camp n．宿营  champion n．冠军 campaign n．运动  campus n．(大学、学院的)校园 ⑫bank n．银行，库，河畔  band n．乐队 bond n．关系  brand n．品牌 ⑬ash n．灰烬　cash n．现金　crash v．碰撞 ⑭sigh v．& n．叹气  signal n．信号 v．发信号，表明 sign n．标志，迹象  v．签署 ⑮flight n．航班，飞行  fright n．害怕 frighten v．使惊吓  fight v．&n.打架，打仗 ⑯advance v．& n.   前进，进步 adventure n．冒险  advertise v．做广告 advantage n.   优点 ⑰biology n．生物，生物学  biography n．传记 ⑱lie→lay→lain→lying   躺，位于 lie→lied→lied→lying   撒谎 lay→laid→laid→laying   下(蛋)，产(卵)，安放，搁 delay→delayed→delayed→delaying推迟 ⑲star n．星　stare v．凝视　starve v．(使)挨饿 ⑳explain v．解释  complain v．抱怨 plain n．平原  adj.平凡的，极普通的 21offend v．冒犯  defend v．防御 22rise v．上升  raise v．提升，饲养 arise v．产生  praise v．表扬 arouse v.   激起 23amaze v．使惊奇  amuse v．(使)娱乐 24attract v．吸引  attack v．攻击 25. affect v．影响(主要指一时的.影响，着重影响的动作，可指一般意义的影响，也可指不良影响) effect n.   影响 influence v．& n．影响(主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响) 优题精练·专题实战通关 Cloze 01 （26-27高二上·河北石家庄·期中）When Tanya Eby was in the sixth grade, her world changed in a way she never expected. Her friends told her that they would 1 her and that she wasn’t part of the group anymore. “I was 2 ,” Eby said. “I had no idea what happened or why they turned on me.” At the same time, her life was falling apart. A few days earlier, her parents had made a decision that would 3 her life. Eby’s older brother, who had always been her 4 , was sent to live with their dad. The next morning, Eby woke up to find her brother 5 . Soon after, her stepdad left as well. So, when her friends at school decided they wouldn’t hang out with her anymore, it felt like just another 6 . “Everyone I loved disappeared,” Eby said. “They didn’t tell me why and I couldn’t 7 it.” That day, Eby 8 in tears at school. Her teacher, Mrs. Welch, took her to the teachers’ office to find out what was wrong. Eby poured out her 9 to her teacher, who listened 10 and hugged her. “That hug made me feel like I wasn’t 11 ,” Eby said. “It gave me hope that I would be OK.” Years later, when Eby became a teacher, she remembered Mrs. Welch’s 12 . It helped her understand her students’ 13 and be more caring. “Sometimes, small acts can make a 14 ,” Eby said. “That hug affected me deeply, and I’ll never 15 it.” 1．A．greet B．meet C．call D．ignore 2．A．safe B．calm C．shocked D．excited 3．A．record B．shake C．cheat D．protect 4．A．support B．enemy C．contact D．teacher 5．A．hiding B．awake C．gone D．funny 6．A．loss B．plan C．treat D．secret 7．A．cover B．stress C．respect D．control 8．A．checked out B．broke down C．dropped out D．settled down 9．A．promise B．talent C．money D．pain 10．A．quietly B．proudly C．simply D．angrily 11．A．alone B．asleep C．picky D．thankful 12．A．courage B．praise C．kindness D．memory 13．A．promises B．dreams C．excuses D．struggles 14．A．system B．difference C．choice D．joke 15．A．repeat B．forget C．refuse D．face 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．A 12．C 13．D 14．B 15．B 【导语】文章主要讲述埃比年少遭受亲友与朋友接连离开的打击，老师的善意拥抱治愈了她，长大后她也温柔善待学生。 【详解】1．考查动词。句意：她的朋友们告诉她，她们会无视她，而且她不再是这个小团体的一员了。A. greet问候；B. meet见面；C. call称呼；D. ignore忽视。根据下文“she wasn’t part of the group anymore”可知，朋友们把她排除在团体之外，不会再理她。 2．考查形容词。句意：“我当时震惊了，”埃比说，“我不知道发生了什么，也不知道她们为什么突然针对我。”A. safe安全的；B. calm冷静的；C. shocked震惊的；D. excited兴奋的。根据上文“she wasn’t part of the group anymore”和下文“I had no idea what happened or why they turned on me”可知，被朋友突然排挤，埃比完全没有心理准备，感到非常震惊。 3．考查动词。句意：几天前，她的父母做了一个将彻底改变她人生的决定。A. record记录；B. shake动摇、改变；C. cheat欺骗；D. protect保护。根据后文“Eby’s older brother, who had always been her _______, was sent to live with their dad. The next morning, Eby woke up to find her brother”可知，埃比一直视为依靠的哥哥，被送去和他们的父亲一起生活了，这个决定对她的生活产生了巨大冲击。shake one’s life意为“动摇/改变某人的生活”。 4．考查名词。句意：埃比一直视为依靠的哥哥，被送去和他们的父亲一起生活了。A. support支持、依靠；B. enemy敌人；C. contact联系；D. teacher老师。根据下文“The next morning, Eby woke up to find her brother”及“Everyone I loved disappeared”哥哥离开让她备受打击可知，哥哥一直是她情感上的依靠和支持。 5．考查形容词。句意：第二天早上，埃比醒来发现哥哥已经不见了。A. hiding躲藏的；B. awake醒着的；C. gone离开的、不见了的；D. funny有趣的。根据上文“Eby’s older brother, who had always been her ______, was sent to live with their dad”可知，哥哥已经被送走，早晨醒来家里自然没有他的身影了。 6．考查名词。句意：所以，当学校的朋友们决定不再和她一起玩时，这感觉就像是又一次失去。A. loss失去；B. plan计划；C. treat款待；D. secret秘密。根据上文“when her friends at school decided they wouldn’t hang out with her anymore, it felt like just another”和下文“Everyone I loved disappeared”可知，哥哥和继父接连离开，朋友们的疏远对她而言又是一次重要的情感丧失。 7．考查动词。句意：他们没告诉我原因，我也无法控制这件事。A. cover覆盖；B. stress强调；C. respect尊重；D. control控制。根据上文““Everyone I loved disappeared,” Eby said. “They didn’t tell me why and I couldn’t”一系列变故都是他人决定、自己毫不知情可知，面对接二连三的离别，年幼的埃比感到无能为力，无法掌控局面。 8．考查动词短语。句意：那天，埃比在学校崩溃大哭。A. checked out结账离开；B. broke down（情感）失控、崩溃；C. dropped out辍学；D. settled down安定下来。根据下文“in tears at school”可知，积压的情绪让她当场情绪崩溃。 9．考查名词。句意：埃比向老师倾诉了自己的痛苦，老师静静地听着，然后拥抱了她。A. promise承诺；B. talent天赋；C. money钱；D. pain痛苦。根据上文““Everyone I loved disappeared,” Eby said. “They didn’t tell me why and I couldn’t _______ it.””被朋友排挤、家人离开的经历可知，埃比内心充满伤痛，向老师倾诉的正是这份痛苦。 10．考查副词。句意：同上。A. quietly安静地；B. proudly骄傲地；C. simply简单地；D. angrily生气地。根据上文“her teacher, who listened”和下文“and hugged her”老师耐心安抚学生的情境可知，老师此时应是安静、专注地倾听，给予孩子安全感。 11．考查形容词。句意：“那个拥抱让我觉得我并不是孤身一人，”埃比说，“这给了我希望，我会没事的。”A. alone独自的、孤独的；B. asleep睡着的；C. picky挑剔的；D. thankful感激的。根据上文“That hug made me feel like I wasn’t”可知，身边重要的人接连离开，她感到被抛弃，而老师的拥抱给予了陪伴感，因此她觉得自己不再孤单。 12．考查名词。句意：多年后，当埃比成为一名教师时，她想起了韦尔奇太太的善意。A. courage勇气；B. praise表扬；C. kindness善良、善意；D. memory记忆。根据上文“her teacher, who listened _______ and hugged her”老师倾听并拥抱她的行为和“she remembered Mrs. Welch’s”可知，这是一种充满关怀的善意举动。 13．考查名词。句意：这帮助她理解学生们的困境，并变得更加富有同情心。A. promises承诺；B. dreams梦想；C. excuses借口；D. struggles挣扎、困境。根据上文“Years later, when Eby became a teacher, she remembered Mrs. Welch’s _______. It helped her understand her students’”可知，她自己曾经历情感危机，这种善意让她更能共情学生正在经历的艰难处境。 14．考查名词。句意：“有时候，小小的举动就能产生巨大的影响，”埃比说。A. system系统；B. difference不同；C. choice选择；D. joke玩笑。根据上文“small acts can make a”可知，老师一个拥抱深深影响她，小小的举动就能产生巨大的影响。 15．考查动词。句意：“那个拥抱深深影响了我，我永远都不会忘记它。”A. repeat重复；B. forget忘记；C. refuse拒绝；D. face面对。根据上文“That hug affected me deeply, and I’ll never”可知，这次经历对她意义重大，将会被她铭记一生，永远不会忘记。 Cloze 02 （26-27高三上·山东·开学考试）I was a timid (胆小的) child when Mother began her long efforts to give me courage. Among my earliest memories are Mother’s words, “Go right up and look your 1 in the face — and then do something!” To remove my unease of the dark, Mother 2 a gentle game for us to play beneath the night sky. She circled the house in one direction, I in the other. At the far corner, just as shadows closed in, anxiety 3 me. Next, I 4 straight into her 5 arms. As I grew older, the most frightening experience for me was staying in the house alone at night. My parents 6 built up my courage to face this difficulty. Mother would occupy me with a beloved puzzle or a favourite book, before she and Father 7 leaving me to my own devices. Then, one night, I 8 myself all alone for two whole hours. After that, I spent entire evenings by myself in happy activities, totally 9 all fear. Years later, I took my first job to 10 photos of Lake Lure over the Blue Ridge Mountains aboard a small plane. When we flew through a rocky mountain pass, strong turbulence (气流) 11 the plane violently, and I was seized by great fear that we would never get out safely. In that 12 moment, Mother’s words came to me: “Look fear in the face, and do something!” I pulled myself together, kept 13 and tried to catch every clear moment to take photos. Now, spending a night alone in the woods is a beautiful experience that 14 my inner life. This peace is possible only because my mother’s advice 15 me from fear. 1．A．hopes B．fears C．dreams D．illness 2．A．designed B．improved C．borrowed D．purchased 3．A．changed B．relieved C．sheltered D．consumed 4．A．wandered B．raced C．cycled D．paced 5．A．exhausting B．trembling C．comforting D．surprising 6．A．gradually B．suddenly C．quickly D．casually 7．A．held on B．broke down C．stayed up D．slipped away 8．A．wished B．found C．treated D．felt 9．A．forgetting B．experiencing C．displaying D．sensing 10．A．print B．record C．mark D．shoot 11．A．packed B．lifted C．buffeted D．stopped 12．A．memorial B．critical C．historic D．magical 13．A．informed B．locked C．focused D．suspected 14．A．explores B．proves C．restores D．covers 75．A．separated B．hid C．excused D．freed 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．C 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文讲述了作者自幼胆小怯懦，母亲通过游戏、逐步放手等方式循序渐进地培养作者的勇气，教会作者直面恐惧；这份勇气在作者成年后遭遇飞行险情时也给予了他力量，最终作者得以摆脱恐惧，收获内心的平静与成长。 【详解】1．考查名词。句意：在我最早的记忆中，母亲的话是：“径直走上前去，直面你内心的恐惧——然后有所行动！”A. hopes希望；B. fears恐惧；C. dreams梦想；D. illness疾病。根据前文“I was a timid (胆小的) child when Mother began her long efforts to give me courage.”可知，作者天性胆小，母亲长期努力的目标正是给予他勇气，可推知母亲让作者直视内心的恐惧。 2．考查动词。句意：为了消除我对黑暗的不安，母亲设计了一个温和的游戏，让我们在夜空下玩耍。A. designed设计；B. improved改善；C. borrowed借用；D. purchased购买。根据后文“She circled the house in one direction, I in the other.”可知，母亲安排了具体的游戏规则（两人分头绕房子走），这是母亲专门设计出来的互动方式。 3．考查动词。句意：在房子远处的角落，就在阴影笼罩过来时，焦虑感吞噬了我。A. changed改变；B. relieved缓解；C. sheltered庇护；D. consumed吞没。根据前文“To remove my unease of the dark”以及“just as shadows closed in”可知，作者原本就怕黑，阴影逼近的瞬间，焦虑的情绪彻底将其笼罩、吞噬。 4．考查动词。句意：紧接着，我径直飞奔进她令人安心的怀抱。A. wandered漫步；B. raced飞奔；C. cycled骑自行车；D. paced踱步。根据前文“anxiety ______ me”可知，作者刚刚被强烈的焦虑淹没，此时唯一的本能反应是急切地奔向母亲寻求安全感，只有raced能体现惊恐中急于寻求庇护的状态。 5．考查形容词。句意：紧接着，我径直飞奔进她令人安心的怀抱。A. exhausting令人疲惫的；B. trembling颤抖的；C. comforting令人安心的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。根据前文“To remove my unease of the dark”可知，对于害怕的孩子来说，母亲的怀抱能够带来安全感、安抚情绪，comforting符合本句语境。 6．考查副词。句意：我的父母逐步培养我面对独自在家过夜这一困难的勇气。A. gradually逐渐地；B. suddenly突然地；C. quickly快速地；D. casually随意地。根据后文“Mother would occupy me with a beloved puzzle or a favourite book”可知，母亲会先用拼图或书分散作者的注意力，而非直接把作者一个人留下，这是一个循序渐进的过程。 7．考查动词短语。句意：母亲会让我沉浸在心爱的拼图或最喜欢的书里，然后她和父亲就悄悄离开，留我自己待着。A. held on坚持；B. broke down出故障；崩溃；C. stayed up熬夜；D. slipped away悄悄离开。根据空后的“leaving me to my own devices”可知，父母需要离开作者身边，让他独立面对。 68．考查动词。句意：后来有一天晚上，我发现自己独自一人待了整整两个小时。A. wished希望；B. found发现；C. treated对待；D. felt感觉。根据前文“Mother would occupy me with a beloved puzzle or a favourite book, before she and Father ________ leaving me to my own devices.(空里填slipped away)”以及空后的“myself all alone”可知，这是作者第一次发现自己真正独立面对黑夜的结果。 9．考查动词。句意：从那以后，我独自度过整个晚上，沉浸在快乐的活动中，完全忘记了所有的恐惧。A. forgetting忘记；B. experiencing经历；C. displaying展示；D. sensing感知。根据前文“After that, I spent entire evenings by myself in happy activities”可知，全身心投入到愉快的活动中，自然不再关注恐惧的情绪，也就是忘记了恐惧。 10．考查动词。句意：多年后，我得到第一份工作，乘坐一架小型飞机拍摄蓝岭山脉上方的卢尔湖风光。A. print打印；B. record记录；C. mark标记；D. shoot拍摄。根据后文“tried to catch every clear moment to take photos”可知，作者的工作内容是乘坐飞机拍摄湖泊风光；shoot photos为固定搭配，意为“拍摄照片”。 11．考查动词。句意：当我们飞过一个岩石遍布的山口时，强烈的气流剧烈地颠簸着飞机，我极度恐惧，觉得我们永远无法安全脱险。A. packed打包；B. lifted举起；C. buffeted使颠簸；D. stopped停止。根据空前的“strong turbulence (气流)”和空后的“violently”可知，气流会持续冲击、颠簸飞机，buffeted准确描述了气流对飞机的作用。 12．考查形容词。句意：在那个危急时刻，妈妈的话浮现在我脑海：“直面恐惧，然后有所行动！”A. memorial纪念的；B. critical危急的；C. historic历史性的；D. magical神奇的。根据前文“I was seized by great fear that we would never get out safely”可知，飞机遭遇强气流，作者担心无法安全脱险；由此可推知这是一个十分危急的时刻，强调局势的紧迫性。 13．考查形容词。句意：我振作起来，保持专注，努力抓住每一个清晰的瞬间拍照。A. informed了解情况的；B. locked上锁的；C. focused专注的；D. suspected怀疑的。根据空前的“I pulled myself together”以及空后的“tried to catch every clear moment to take photos”可知，作者需要在颠簸中完成拍摄任务，这要求他必须精神高度集中；kept focused意为“保持专注”（kept是keep的过去式），与“catch every clear moment”形成动作上的连贯性，是完成拍摄工作的前提。 14．考查动词。句意：如今，独自在树林里过夜是一种美妙的体验，它能修复我的内心世界。A. explores探索；B. proves证明；C. restores修复；D. covers覆盖。根据空前的“spending a night alone in the woods is a beautiful experience”以及后文“This peace is possible”可知，独自过夜已从曾经最可怕的事变成了美妙的体验，这种积极的转变能让内心回归平静、修复精神世界。 15．考查动词。句意：这份平静之所以成为可能，正是因为母亲的箴言将我从恐惧中解放出来。A. separated分离；B. hid隐藏；C. excused原谅；D. freed解放。根据前文“This peace is possible”可知，作者如今拥有了内心的平静，而这得益于母亲的教导；free sb. from sth.是固定搭配，意为“将某人从……中解放出来”，此处指母亲的建议让作者摆脱了恐惧的束缚，起到升华主题的作用。 Cloze 03 （26-27高三上·河北邢台·期中）At five, I heard a piece of piano music from a neighbor’s house. Those 21 flew into my heart and never left. I cried for one. My father 22 , “When you turn fifteen, I’ll buy you one.” But when fifteen came, I saw my family’s 23 — grandparents’ medical bills, siblings’ school fees. On my birthday, I took out a harmonica (口琴) I had saved for. 24 it, I imagined it was my piano — smaller, but warm in my palm. After middle school, I worked part-time while studying, 25 every coin in a tin box. I would press my face against piano store windows, 26 the piano and imagining the melodies. When I worked, the tin box grew 27 . However, relatives fell ill, the house needed repairs — money 28 , and the box grew lighter. I never 29 . I just stood outside the piano store, listening to the music drift out. 30 , I bought a cheap guitar and joined a class. 31 by young students, I struggled with basic 32 . The teacher asked if I could handle it. I just smiled at her and nodded. From the harmonica to the guitar, I was one step closer to the 33 . On the graduation day, I performed a simple piece. Some 34 hummed (哼) along. I closed my eyes and heard a piano in my heart, every note pure and clear. I have never owned a piano, but music has never left me. It lives in my heart, carrying me through storms and growing old with me gently. Living like this, I have no 35 . 21．A．exchanges B．flashes C．lectures D．notes 22．A．screamed B．promised C．ordered D．protested 23．A．burdens B．goals C．strategies D．solutions 24．A．Editing B．Challenging C．Holding D．Tapping 25．A．using B．tracking C．supplying D．saving 26．A．carving B．studying C．promoting D．preserving 27．A．heavier B．bigger C．higher D．better 28．A．piled up B．broke down C．flowed out D．ran away 29．A．refused B．pretended C．hesitated D．complained 30．A．Eventually B．Fortunately C．Immediately D．Accidentally 31．A．Ignored B．Awarded C．Pressed D．Surrounded 32．A．equipment B．exercises C．physiology D．operations 33．A．future B．academy C．piano D．mode 34．A．audience B．journalists C．assistants D．applicants 35．A．choices B．regrets C．worries D．doubts 【答案】 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．C 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．D 30．A 31．D 32．B 33．C 34．A 35．B 【导语】文章讲述作者自幼热爱钢琴却因家境无法拥有，从口琴到吉他始终坚持音乐梦想。虽从未拥有钢琴，但音乐始终陪伴左右，作者因此人生没有遗憾。 【详解】21．考查名词。句意：那些音符飞进我的心里，再也没有离开。A. exchanges交换；B. flashes闪光；C. lectures讲座；D. notes音符。根据上文“I heard a piece of piano music from a neighbor’s house.”可知，是钢琴的“音符”飞进作者心里。 22．考查动词。句意：父亲承诺：“等你十五岁时，我给你买一架。”A. screamed尖叫；B. promised承诺；C. ordered命令；D. protested抗议。根据下文“When you turn fifteen, I’ll buy you one.”可知，父亲“承诺”给作者买钢琴。 23．考查名词。句意：但十五岁到来时，我看到了家庭的负担——祖父母的医药费、兄弟姐妹的学费。A. burdens负担；B. goals目标；C. strategies策略；D. solutions解决方案。根据下文“grandparents’ medical bills, siblings’ school fees”可知，这些是家庭的“负担”。 24．考查动词。句意：拿着它，我想象它就是我的钢琴——更小，但在我的掌心很温暖。A. Editing编辑；B. Challenging挑战；C. Holding拿着；D. Tapping轻敲。根据下文“it, I imagined it was my piano”可知，作者“拿着”口琴想象它是钢琴。 25．考查动词。句意：中学毕业后，我一边打工一边学习，把每一枚硬币都存在铁盒里。A. using使用；B. tracking追踪；C. supplying供应；D. saving节省，储蓄。根据下文“every coin in a tin box”可知，作者把每一枚硬币都“存”在铁盒里。 26．考查动词。句意：我会把脸贴在钢琴店的窗户上，细看钢琴，想象着旋律。A. carving雕刻；B. studying端详，细看；C. promoting推广；D. preserving保护。根据上文“press my face against piano store windows,”和下文“the piano and imagining the melodies”可知，作者在凑近“细看”钢琴。 27．考查形容词。句意：当我工作时，铁盒变得越来越重。A. heavier更重的；B. bigger更大的；C. higher更高的；D. better更好的。根据下文“the box grew lighter”形成对比可知，铁盒起初变得“更重”。 28．考查动词短语。句意：然而，亲戚生病了，房子需要修缮——钱流出去了，盒子也变轻了。A. piled up堆积；B. broke down出故障；C. flowed out流出；D. ran away跑走。根据下文“and the box grew lighter”可知，钱被花出去了，即“流出去了”。 29．考查动词。句意：我从不抱怨。A. refused拒绝；B. pretended假装；C. hesitated犹豫；D. complained抱怨。根据下文“I just stood outside the piano store, listening to the music drift out.”可知，作者从不“抱怨”。 30．考查副词。句意：最终，我买了一把便宜的吉他，并参加了一个班。A. Eventually最终；B. Fortunately幸运地；C. Immediately立刻；D. Accidentally偶然地。根据下文“I bought a cheap guitar and joined a class”可知，经过漫长的努力，“最终”作者买了吉他。 31．考查动词。句意：被年轻学生们包围着，我在基础练习中挣扎。A. Ignored忽视；B. Awarded奖励；C. Pressed按压；D. Surrounded包围。根据上文“joined a class”和下文“by young students”可知，作者加入了吉他班，所以是被年轻学生们“包围”着。 32．考查名词。句意：被年轻学生们包围着，我在基础练习中挣扎。A. equipment设备；B. exercises练习；C. physiology生理学；D. operations操作。根据上文“I struggled with basic”以及学习吉他的语境可知，作者在基础“练习”中挣扎。 33．考查名词。句意：从口琴到吉他，我离钢琴又近了一步。A. future未来；B. academy学院；C. piano钢琴；D. mode模式。根据全文作者对钢琴的渴望可知，从口琴到吉他，作者离“钢琴”的梦想又近了一步。 34．考查名词。句意：一些观众跟着哼唱。A. audience观众；B. journalists记者；C. assistants助手；D. applicants申请者。根据上文“On the graduation day, I performed a simple piece.”可知，在毕业那天，作者演奏了曲目，所以是“观众”跟着哼唱。 35．考查名词。句意：这样生活着，我没有遗憾。A. choices选择；B. regrets遗憾；C. worries担忧；D. doubts怀疑。根据上文“I have never owned a piano, but music has never left me. It lives in my heart”可知，虽然从未拥有钢琴，但音乐一直陪伴作者，因此作者没有“遗憾”。 Cloze 04 （26-27高三上·山东德州·阶段检测）A loud bang suddenly rang out in the lab I had recently joined as a Ph.D．student. I realized I was to 36 . When placing tubes into a centrifuge (离心机), I had failed to make sure they were 37 . I stood there, frozen, 38 the large machine wouldn’t fall off the counter as it shook. When it was all over, my professor tried to cheer me up by saying, “These things happen.” But I was 39 . I had been a top student, always expecting 40 from myself. As my errors continued to pile up, I had trouble 41 them and moving on. I no longer showed up at the lab with 42 . And when I had an idea for a new experiment, I was 43 to give it a try. I didn’t want to give others any more evidence of my 44 . Then, one day, I read a sentence: Treat yourself with the same 45 you would offer a dear friend. Indeed, if a friend made a mistake, I would tell them to take it 46 and see it as part of growing. Then I began to treat myself like that friend and I became more 47 with the idea of making mistakes. That shift in mindset made it easier for me to 48 the uncertainty ahead. The reality is that we are all going to 49 . That’s OK, even necessary, though. “Doing better” comes from “doing first”, often with 50 along the way. 36．A．leave B．survive C．protest D．blame 37．A．balanced B．combined C．forgotten D．broken 38．A．denying B．explaining C．hoping D．promising 39．A．embarrassed B．determined C．astonished D．relieved 40．A．permission B．excellence C．strategy D．willingness 41．A．reaching B．refusing C．imagining D．accepting 42．A．pain B．effort C．passion D．respect 43．A．confident B．hesitant C．eager D．proud 44．A．representative B．qualification C．incompetence D．importance 45．A．sympathy B．judgement C．result D．fear 46．A．cautiously B．officially C．seriously D．lightly 47．A．curious B．anxious C．comfortable D．satisfactory 48．A．navigate B．discover C．describe D．quantify 49．A．hang about B．mess up C．pull over D．break away 50．A．vision B．energy C．ambitions D．obstacles 【答案】 36．D 37．A 38．C 39．A 40．B 41．D 42．C 43．B 44．C 45．A 46．D 47．C 48．A 49．B 50．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者从因犯错而自我怀疑，到学会自我宽容、坦然面对失败的心路历程。 【详解】36．考查动词。句意：我意识到我要受到责备了。A. leave离开；B. survive幸存；C. protest抗议；D. blame责备。根据前文“A loud bang suddenly rang out in the lab I had recently joined as a Ph.D. student”可知，实验室突然传来巨响，是作者操作失误引发的事故，此时作者明白自己要被追责。 37．考查形容词。句意：当我把试管放进离心机时，我没有确保它们是平衡的。A. balanced平衡的；B. combined结合的；C. forgotten被遗忘的；D. broken破碎的。根据前文“A loud bang suddenly rang out in the lab”和“When placing tubes into a centrifuge (离心机), I had failed to make sure they were”可知，离心机运转时试管必须保持平衡，作者没有使试管平衡，引发了事故。 38．考查动词。句意：我僵在原地，希望这台大机器震动时不会从操作台上掉下来。A. denying否认；B. explaining解释；C. hoping希望；D. promising承诺。根据后文“the large machine wouldn’t fall off the counter as it shook”可知，面对失控震动的离心机，作者当下的心理状态只能是祈祷机器不要掉落，避免事故进一步恶化。 39．考查形容词。句意：但我还是感到十分尴尬。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. determined坚定的；C. astonished震惊的；D. relieved宽慰的。根据前文“the large machine wouldn’t fall off the counter as it shook”可知，作为刚加入实验室的博士生，操作失误闯下大祸，作者内心满是窘迫难堪。 40．考查名词。句意：我曾经是尖子生，总是要求自己做到极致优秀。A. permission许可；B. excellence优秀；C. strategy策略；D. willingness意愿。根据前文“I had been a top student, always expecting”和后文“from myself”可知，作为一直名列前茅的学生，作者对自己的期待自然是事事做到出色完美。 41．考查动词。句意：随着我的错误不断累积，我很难接受它们并继续推进工作。A. reaching抵达；B. refusing拒绝；C. imagining想象；D. accepting接受。根据前文“I had been a top student, always expecting ______ from myself. As my errors continued to pile up, I had trouble”可知，习惯了优秀，面对接连不断的失误，作者始终无法坦然接纳这些不完美的结果。 42．考查名词。句意：我再也没有带着满腔热情出现在实验室里。A. pain痛苦；B. effort努力；C. passion热情；D. respect尊重。根据前文“As my errors continued to pile up, I had trouble ______ them and moving on. I no longer showed up at the lab with”可知，接连的失误打击了作者的积极性，让作者对实验室工作失去了往日的投入与热忱。 43．考查形容词。句意：当我有了一个新实验的想法时，我会犹豫要不要去尝试。A. confident自信的；B. hesitant犹豫的；C. eager急切的；D. proud骄傲的。根据前文“As my errors continued to pile up, I had trouble ______ them and moving on. I no longer showed up at the lab”和后文“to give it a try”可知，此前多次失败的经历让作者变得畏首畏尾，不敢轻易开启新的尝试。 44．考查名词。句意：我不想再给别人留下任何证明我无能的把柄。A. representative代表；B. qualification资质；C. incompetence无能；D. importance重要性。根据前文“give it a try. I didn’t want to give others any more evidence of my”可知，接连出错，作者生怕自己的表现会让旁人觉得自己能力不足、无法胜任科研工作。 45．考查名词。句意：后来有一天，我读到一句话：用你会给亲密朋友的那份同情来善待自己。A. sympathy同情；B. judgement评判；C. result结果；D. fear恐惧。根据后文“you would offer a dear friend”和“Indeed, if a friend made a mistake, I would tell them to take it ______ and see it as part of growing”可知，对待犯错的挚友，我们往往会给予包容与共情，这句话正是倡导用同样的善意对待自己。 46．考查副词。句意：事实上，如果朋友犯了错，我会告诉他们别太放在心上，把它当成成长的一部分。A. cautiously谨慎地；B. officially正式地；C. seriously严肃地；D. lightly轻松地。根据前文“if a friend made a mistake”和后文“see it as part of growing”可知，如果朋友犯了错，人们通常会会告诉他们别太放在心上，take it lightly是固定搭配，意为“别太较真、放轻松”，符合劝慰朋友犯错时的语境。 47．考查形容词。句意：然后我开始像对待那个朋友一样对待自己，我对犯错这件事变得更加坦然自在。A. curious好奇的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. comfortable自在的；D. satisfactory令人满意的。根据前文“Indeed, if a friend made a mistake, I would tell them to take it ______ and see it as part of growing. Then I began to treat myself like that friend and I became more”和后文“That shift in mindset”可知，心态转变后，作者不再对犯错充满恐惧，而是能自在地接纳它的存在。 48．考查动词。句意：这种心态的转变让我更容易应对前方的不确定性。A. navigate应对、驾驭；B. discover发现；C. describe描述；D. quantify量化。根据后文“the uncertainty ahead”可知，心态的转变让作者更容易应对前方的不确定性，navigate the uncertainty是常用表达，意为“在不确定性中稳步前行、妥善应对未知”。 49．考查动词短语。句意：现实是我们所有人都会把事情搞砸。A. hang about闲逛；B. mess up搞砸；C. pull over靠边停车；D. break away脱离。根据前文“The reality is that we are all going to”并结合全文围绕“犯错”展开的核心主题可知，这里表达的是人人都难免出现失误、把事情弄糟。 50．考查名词。句意：“做得更好”源自“先动手去做”，而这个过程中往往会伴随诸多阻碍与挫折。A. vision视野；B. energy精力；C. ambitions抱负；D. obstacles阻碍。从初次尝试到不断优化的过程里，必然会遇到各种困难与阻碍，这是成长的必经之路。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $