Unit 1—8 单元易错知识点解析与配套练习2026-2027学年沪外教版七年级英语上册

七年级英语（沪教版）上册 · 单元易错知识点解析与配套练习 七年级英语（沪教版）上册 单元易错知识点解析与配套练习 （Unit 1—8 ） 本资料依据沪教版七年级上册教材的单元话题与语法体系编写，涵盖 be 动词与一般现在时、人称代词、名词的数、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时、情态动词与名词所有格等内容。每个易错点按【易错点】【错因分析】【正误对比】【语法规则】四栏展开，错因分析侧重英汉表达差异与句法机制，配套练习附参考答案。 Unit 1　Friendship 【单元话题】 认识友谊的意义，学会与朋友友好相处 【语法项目】 be 动词与一般现在时；人称代词与物主代词 易错知识点解析 ■ 易错点 1：be 动词 am / is / are 与主语的人称、数不一致 【典型表现】 把 My friend is kind 写成 My friend are kind；把 You are my best friend 写成 You is my best friend。 【错因分析】 汉语的“是”不随主语变化，学生因此对英语 be 动词的三个人称形式缺乏敏感。英语中 be 动词在一般现在时有三个人称形式：主语为 I 时用 am；主语为 he / she / it 或单数名词时用 is；主语为 you、we、they 或复数名词时用 are。主语含 and 连接的两项以上时按复数处理。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】My friend are kind to me. ✓ 【正例】My friend is kind to me. ✕ 【错例】You is my best friend. ✓ 【正例】You are my best friend. ✕ 【错例】My friends is all helpful. ✓ 【正例】My friends are all helpful. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看主语的人称，再看单复数，两步确定 be 动词的形式。主语含 and 连接的两项以上时按复数处理。 ■ 易错点 2：形容词性物主代词与主格代词混用 【典型表现】 把 His name is Tom 写成 He name is Tom；把 This is my friend 写成 This is I friend。 【错因分析】 汉语的“他”“我的”在形式上区分不明显，学生容易把主格代词直接放在名词前作定语。英语中修饰名词须用形容词性物主代词（my、your、his、her、its、our、their），主格代词（I、you、he、she、it、we、they）只能作主语。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】He name is Tom. ✓ 【正例】His name is Tom. ✕ 【错例】This is I friend. ✓ 【正例】This is my friend. ✕ 【错例】They teacher is very kind. ✓ 【正例】Their teacher is very kind. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时看空格后是否紧跟名词：紧跟名词用形容词性物主代词，作句子主语用主格代词。 ■ 易错点 3：一般现在时中动词形式错误 【典型表现】 把 He likes playing basketball 写成 He like playing basketball；把 She likes her mother 写成 She is like her mother，混淆了实义动词 like 与介词 like 的用法。 【错因分析】 汉语的动词不随主语变化，学生因此容易忽略第三人称单数须加 -s 的规则。英语中一般现在时表示习惯或状态，主语为第三人称单数时动词须加 -s 或 -es；此外 be 动词与实义动词不能同时使用。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】He like playing basketball. ✓ 【正例】He likes playing basketball. ✕ 【错例】My sister are a student. ✓ 【正例】My sister is a student. ✕ 【错例】She is like her mother. ✓ 【正例】She likes her mother.（或 She is like her mother in appearance.） 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确认主语是不是第三人称单数，再确定动词是否加词尾。注意 be 动词与实义动词不能同时作谓语。 ■ 易错点 4：介绍朋友时的交际用语应答不当 【典型表现】 把 Nice to meet you 答成 Nice to meet you, too 之外的错误形式；把 How do you do 答成 Fine, thank you。 【错因分析】 学生把交际用语当作固定句式死记，遇到变体就套用错位。问题集中在两处：一是答语与问句的功能不匹配，例如把初次见面的问候语用回答身体状况的句子回应；二是答语本身结构残缺。交际用语的应答要看问句的交际功能：问好答问好，问状态答状态，问来源答来源。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】— How do you do? — Fine, thank you. ✓ 【正例】— How do you do? — How do you do? ✕ 【错例】— Nice to meet you. — I'm fine. ✓ 【正例】— Nice to meet you. — Nice to meet you, too. ✕ 【错例】— How are you? — How are you? ✓ 【正例】— How are you? — I'm fine, thank you. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先明确问句在询问哪一类信息，再选择交际功能对应的答语。How do you do 的应答仍是 How do you do；How are you 询问身体状况，须用 Fine / Very well 等应答。 ■ 易错点 5：名词复数形式的拼写与不规则变化错误 【典型表现】 把 two friends 写成 two friend；把 two boys 写成 two boies；把 two men 写成 two mans。 【错因分析】 学生掌握了加 -s 的一般规则后，容易对所有名词一律套用，忽略以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾加 -es 的规则，也忽略 man、woman、child 等不规则变化。名词复数变化要先判断词尾，再判断是否属于不规则变化。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】I have two friend in my class. ✓ 【正例】I have two friends in my class. ✕ 【错例】There are three boies in the playground. ✓ 【正例】There are three boys in the playground. ✕ 【错例】Two mans are talking under the tree. ✓ 【正例】Two men are talking under the tree. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看词尾属于哪一类变化：一般加 -s；以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾加 -es；辅音字母加 y 结尾变 y 为 i 再加 -es；再检查是否属于 man、woman、child、foot、tooth 等不规则变化。 ■ 易错点 6：介绍朋友时介词与搭配错误 【典型表现】 把 be good at 写成 be good in；把 get on well with 写成 get on well to。 【错因分析】 汉语的“擅长”“与……相处”没有搭配上的约束，学生因此随意选取介词。英语中 be good at 表示“擅长”，be good with 表示“与……相处得好”，get on well with 表示“与……相处融洽”，介词都是固定的。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】She is good in maths. ✓ 【正例】She is good at maths. ✕ 【错例】I get on well to my classmates. ✓ 【正例】I get on well with my classmates. ✕ 【错例】He is good at children. ✓ 【正例】He is good with children. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看介词后接的内容：be good at 后接学科或技能，be good with 后接人或动物，get on well with 后接人。 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. My friend ______ (be) kind to me. 2. You ______ (be) my best friend. 3. ______ (he) name is Tom. 4. This is ______ (I) friend. 5. He ______ (like) playing basketball. 6. My sister ______ (be) a student. 7. I have two ______ (friend) in my class. 8. There are three ______ (boy) in the playground. 9. She is good ______ maths.（填介词） 10. I get on well ______ my classmates.（填介词） 二、按要求改写句子 1. He is my friend.（改为复数句） 2. She likes music.（改为否定句） 3. My friend is kind.（改为一般疑问句） 4. This is my friend.（对 my friend 提问） 5. He is good at English.（用 be good with 改写，对象改为 children） 三、单句改错（诊断改错） 下面每个句子均有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. My friend are kind to me. 2. You is my best friend. 3. He name is Tom. 4. This is I friend. 5. He like playing basketball. 6. My sister are a student. 7. I have two friend in my class. 8. There are three boies in the playground. 9. She is good in maths. 10. I get on well to my classmates. 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hello! My name (1) ______ (be) Li Ming. I (2) ______ (have) two good friends. (3) ______ (they) names are Tom and Lucy. Tom (4) ______ (be) from England, and he (5) ______ (like) Chinese food. Lucy is good (6) ______ music, and she (7) ______ (get) on well with everyone. We often play together after school. Friendship (8) ______ (be) important to us. We should help (9) ______ (we) friends when they are in trouble. A good friend (10) ______ (be) like a mirror. Unit 2　School life 【单元话题】 了解校园生活的日常安排，学会描述学习与活动 【语法项目】 一般现在时（第三人称单数）；频率副词；时间介词 易错知识点解析 ■ 易错点 1：一般现在时第三人称单数动词形式错误 【典型表现】 把 She goes to school by bus 写成 She go to school by bus；把 He watches TV 写成 He watchs TV。 【错因分析】 汉语的动词不随主语变化，学生因此容易忽略第三人称单数的动词变化。英语中一般现在时表示习惯性动作，主语为第三人称单数（he、she、it、单数名词）时动词须加 -s 或 -es：一般加 -s；以 s、x、ch、sh、o 结尾加 -es；辅音字母加 y 结尾变 y 为 i 再加 -es。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】She go to school by bus. ✓ 【正例】She goes to school by bus. ✕ 【错例】He watchs TV after dinner. ✓ 【正例】He watches TV after dinner. ✕ 【错例】My brother study English every day. ✓ 【正例】My brother studies English every day. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确认主语是不是第三人称单数，再确定动词词尾：一般加 -s；以 s、x、ch、sh、o 结尾加 -es；辅音字母加 y 结尾变 y 为 i 再加 -es。 ■ 易错点 2：频率副词的位置错误 【典型表现】 把 I always go to school early 写成 I go always to school early；把 She is never late 写成 She never is late。 【错因分析】 汉语中“总是”“从不”这类词的位置比较灵活，学生因此把英语的频率副词也随意安放。英语频率副词的位置有固定规律：放在实义动词之前、be 动词和情态动词之后。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】I go always to school early. ✓ 【正例】I always go to school early. ✕ 【错例】She never is late for class. ✓ 【正例】She is never late for class. ✕ 【错例】He often is busy on Monday. ✓ 【正例】He is often busy on Monday. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先找句中是否有 be 动词或助动词：有则把频率副词放在其后，没有则放在实义动词之前。 ■ 易错点 3：时间介词 at / in / on 的误用 【典型表现】 把 at seven o'clock 写成 in seven o'clock；把 on Monday 写成 in Monday。 【错因分析】 汉语的时间状语前面只用“在”，学生因此习惯用一个介词应付所有时间表达。英语的时间介词按时间单位的长度分工：at 用于具体时刻和某些固定短语，on 用于具体某一天及其上下午，in 用于月份、季节、年份和较长的时间段。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】I get up in six thirty. ✓ 【正例】I get up at six thirty. ✕ 【错例】We have a music lesson in Monday. ✓ 【正例】We have a music lesson on Monday. ✕ 【错例】Our school term begins at September. ✓ 【正例】Our school term begins in September. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看时间单位是点、是天、还是段：具体时刻用 at，具体某一天及其上下午用 on，月份、季节、年份和较长时间段用 in。 ■ 易错点 4：学科名称的大小写与冠词错误 【典型表现】 把 We have English on Monday 写成 We have english on Monday；把 have a PE lesson 写成 have the PE lesson。 【错因分析】 汉语的学科名称没有大小写之分，学生写英语时缺乏对语言名与学科名须大写的敏感。英语中语言名称与学科名（English、Chinese、Maths、Science）首字母须大写；表示“上课”时用 have a ... lesson 结构，冠词用 a。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】We have english on Monday morning. ✓ 【正例】We have English on Monday morning. ✕ 【错例】I have the maths lesson every day. ✓ 【正例】I have a maths lesson every day. ✕ 【错例】she studies chinese at school. ✓ 【正例】She studies Chinese at school. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确认该词是否表示语言或学科，是则首字母大写。表示“上一节课”用 have a ... lesson，冠词用 a。 ■ 易错点 5：一般现在时否定句与疑问句中助动词误用 【典型表现】 把 She doesn't like maths 写成 She doesn't likes maths；把 Does he go to school by bike 写成 Does he goes to school by bike。 【错因分析】 学生已经掌握“第三人称单数动词加 -s”，于是在借助助动词 does 构成否定句或疑问句时，仍习惯性地给主要动词加 -s，形成两个标记并存。英语的规则是：助动词 do / does 已经承担了人称和数的标记，后面的主要动词必须用原形。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】She doesn't likes maths. ✓ 【正例】She doesn't like maths. ✕ 【错例】Does he goes to school by bike? ✓ 【正例】Does he go to school by bike? ✕ 【错例】He don't have lunch at school. ✓ 【正例】He doesn't have lunch at school. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看句中有没有 do / does / don't / doesn't，有则其后的主要动词一律用原形。主语为第三人称单数时用 does 或 doesn't。 ■ 易错点 6：校园活动短语的搭配错误 【典型表现】 把 take part in 写成 take part of；把 do sports 写成 play sports（均可但须辨明）；把 have a break 写成 have break。 【错因分析】 汉语的“参加”“做运动”“休息一下”没有搭配上的约束，学生因此随意选取动词或漏掉冠词。英语中 take part in 表示“参加（活动）”；do sports 或 play sports 均可，但 play 后接具体运动名称时不加 the；have a break 中的冠词不能省略。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】I take part of many after-school activities. ✓ 【正例】I take part in many after-school activities. ✕ 【错例】We have break after the second lesson. ✓ 【正例】We have a break after the second lesson. ✕ 【错例】He plays the basketball after school. ✓ 【正例】He plays basketball after school. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看动词与名词的搭配关系：参加活动用 take part in，课间休息用 have a break；球类运动前不加 the，乐器前加 the。 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. She ______ (go) to school by bus. 2. He ______ (watch) TV after dinner. 3. My brother ______ (study) English every day. 4. I ______ (always go) to school early.（把频率副词放在正确位置） 5. She ______ (never be) late for class.（把频率副词放在正确位置） 6. I get up ______ six thirty.（填介词） 7. We have a music lesson ______ Monday.（填介词） 8. Our school term begins ______ September.（填介词） 9. She ______ (not like) maths. 10. ______ he ______ (go) to school by bike? 二、按要求改写句子 1. She goes to school by bus.（改为否定句） 2. He watches TV after dinner.（改为一般疑问句） 3. I have lunch at school.（对 at school 提问） 4. We have English on Monday.（对 on Monday 提问） 5. He is often busy.（把频率副词放在正确位置） 三、单句改错（诊断改错） 下面每个句子均有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. She go to school by bus. 2. He watchs TV after dinner. 3. My brother study English every day. 4. I go always to school early. 5. She never is late for class. 6. We have a music lesson in Monday. 7. Our school term begins at September. 8. She doesn't likes maths. 9. Does he goes to school by bike? 10. I take part of many after-school activities. 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My school life (1) ______ (be) busy but interesting. I (2) ______ (get) up at six thirty every morning. My sister (3) ______ (go) to school with me. We (4) ______ (have) four lessons in the morning. Our English teacher (5) ______ (be) very kind, and she (6) ______ (always help) us with our problems. We have (7) ______ break after the second lesson. On Monday afternoon we have (8) ______ art lesson. My brother (9) ______ (not like) maths, but he (10) ______ (study) it hard. Unit 3　The seasons 【单元话题】 了解四季的变化特征，描述不同季节的活动与感受 【语法项目】 现在进行时；天气词汇；季节与时间的介词 易错知识点解析 ■ 易错点 1：现在进行时的构成错误 【典型表现】 把 It is raining now 写成 It raining now；把 They are playing 写成 They playing。 【错因分析】 汉语的“正在下雨”只用一个“正在”，学生因此容易漏掉 be 动词，只保留现在分词。英语现在进行时的结构是“be + 现在分词”，两个部分缺一不可，且 be 动词须与主语的人称和数一致。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】It raining now. ✓ 【正例】It is raining now. ✕ 【错例】They playing football in the park. ✓ 【正例】They are playing football in the park. ✕ 【错例】I am listen to music. ✓ 【正例】I am listening to music. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确认句中有无 now、look、listen 等提示词，再按主语确定 be 动词（am / is / are），最后把动词变为现在分词。 ■ 易错点 2：现在分词的拼写变化错误 【典型表现】 把 running 写成 runing；把 making 写成 makeing；把 lying 写成 lieing。 【错因分析】 学生掌握了直接加 -ing 的规则后，容易对全部动词一律套用，忽略重读闭音节双写末尾辅音字母、以不发音 e 结尾去 e 加 -ing、以 ie 结尾变 ie 为 y 再加 -ing 这几条特殊规则。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】The children are runing in the park. ✓ 【正例】The children are running in the park. ✕ 【错例】She is makeing a snowman. ✓ 【正例】She is making a snowman. ✕ 【错例】The dog is lieing on the grass. ✓ 【正例】The dog is lying on the grass. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看动词的拼写与重音位置：一般直接加 -ing；重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写该字母再加 -ing；以不发音 e 结尾时去 e 加 -ing；以 ie 结尾时变 ie 为 y 再加 -ing。 ■ 易错点 3：现在进行时与一般现在时混用 【典型表现】 把 It often snows in winter 写成 It is often snowing in winter；把 Look! It is snowing 写成 It snows。 【错因分析】 学生尚未建立“动作是经常性还是此刻正在”的意识，容易在两个时态间随意选择。一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作；现在进行时表示此刻正在进行的动作，常与 now、look、listen 连用。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】It is often snowing in winter here. ✓ 【正例】It often snows in winter here. ✕ 【错例】Look! It snows heavily. ✓ 【正例】Look! It is snowing heavily. ✕ 【错例】She is usually going to school by bike. ✓ 【正例】She usually goes to school by bike. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先找时间状语：含 often、usually、every day 等表示经常的状语时用一般现在时；含 now、look、listen 等表示此刻的提示词时用现在进行时。 ■ 易错点 4：季节与天气词汇的名词、形容词混用 【典型表现】 把 It is sunny today 写成 It is sun today；把 in summer 写成 in the summer 之外的错误形式。 【错因分析】 汉语的“晴天”既可以作名词也可以作形容词，学生因此把英语的名词直接填入表语位置。英语中描述天气状况时须用形容词（sunny、rainy、windy、cloudy、snowy），作表语或定语；名词（sun、rain、wind、cloud、snow）不能直接作表语。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】It is sun today. ✓ 【正例】It is sunny today. ✕ 【错例】The weather is rain in spring. ✓ 【正例】The weather is rainy in spring. ✕ 【错例】It was wind yesterday. ✓ 【正例】It was windy yesterday. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看空格是作表语还是作名词：作表语须用形容词形式（名词加 -y，重读闭音节双写末尾辅音字母）；作主语或宾语时用名词。 ■ 易错点 5：季节介词 in 与具体日期介词 on 的误用 【典型表现】 把 in summer 写成 on summer；把 on a summer morning 写成 in a summer morning。 【错因分析】 汉语中“在春天”“在夏天的早晨”都只用“在”，学生因此忽略介词在具体到某一天时的转换。季节、月份、年份等较长的时间段前面用 in；但如果具体到某一天的上午、下午或晚上，即使前面有季节修饰，介词也要改用 on。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】We often go swimming on summer. ✓ 【正例】We often go swimming in summer. ✕ 【错例】He came back in a summer evening. ✓ 【正例】He came back on a summer evening. ✕ 【错例】The leaves turn yellow at autumn. ✓ 【正例】The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看时间单位是纯季节还是具体到了某一天的某一段：纯季节、月份、年份用 in；具体某一天及其上午、下午、晚上用 on。 ■ 易错点 6：天气描述中 it 与 there 混用 【典型表现】 把 It is rainy today 写成 There is rainy today；把 There is a lot of snow 写成 It is a lot of snow。 【错因分析】 汉语习惯用“今天有雨”“地上很多雪”，都有一个“有”字，学生因此把 There be 结构直接套用到天气的描述上。英语中指代天气用代词 it 作非人称主语；只有在描述某处存在雨雪这一物质时才用 There be 句型。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】There is rainy today. ✓ 【正例】It is rainy today. ✕ 【错例】It is a lot of snow on the ground. ✓ 【正例】There is a lot of snow on the ground. ✕ 【错例】There is cold in winter. ✓ 【正例】It is cold in winter. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看空格后是形容词还是名词：形容词作表语用 It is ...；名词作主语表示存在用 There is / are ...。 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. It ______ (rain) now. 2. They ______ (play) football in the park now. 3. The children are ______ (run) in the park. 4. She is ______ (make) a snowman. 5. It often ______ (snow) in winter here. 6. Look! It ______ (snow) heavily. 7. It is ______ (sun) today. 8. The weather is ______ (rain) in spring. 9. We often go swimming ______ summer.（填介词） 10. He came back ______ a summer evening.（填介词） 二、按要求改写句子 1. It is raining now.（改为否定句） 2. They are playing football.（改为一般疑问句） 3. She usually goes to school by bike.（改为现在进行时，加 now） 4. It is snowy today.（用 snow 改写，作主语） 5. It is cold in winter.（改为同义句，用 There be 结构描述存在） 三、单句改错（诊断改错） 下面每个句子均有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. It raining now. 2. They playing football in the park. 3. The children are runing in the park. 4. She is makeing a snowman. 5. It is often snowing in winter here. 6. Look! It snows heavily. 7. It is sun today. 8. We often go swimming on summer. 9. He came back in a summer evening. 10. There is rainy today. 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There are four seasons in a year. In spring, it (1) ______ (get) warm and the flowers come out. In summer, it (2) ______ (be) hot, and children often (3) ______ (go) swimming. Autumn is cool, and the leaves (4) ______ (turn) yellow. In winter, it (5) ______ (be) cold and it often (6) ______ (snow). Look! It (7) ______ (snow) outside now. My sister (8) ______ (make) a snowman in the garden. We often go (9) ______ (skate) in winter. I like winter best because there (10) ______ (be) a lot of snow. Unit 4　The Earth 【单元话题】 认识地球的构成与资源，树立保护环境的意识 【语法项目】 可数名词与不可数名词；量词短语；祈使句 易错知识点解析 ■ 易错点 1：可数名词与不可数名词混用 【典型表现】 把 some water 写成 some waters；把 a piece of paper 写成 a paper，混淆了不可数名词与可数名词的用法；把 much information 写成 many information。 【错因分析】 汉语的名词没有可数不可数的形态区分，“水”“纸”“信息”都可以直接加数量词，学生因此按汉语习惯给英语的不可数名词加 -s 或直接与数词连用。英语中 water、paper（纸）、information、air、land、energy 等属于不可数名词，没有复数形式，作主语时谓语用单数，表示数量须借助量词短语。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】We should save some waters. ✓ 【正例】We should save some water. ✕ 【错例】I need many information about the Earth. ✓ 【正例】I need much information about the Earth. ✕ 【错例】There are a lot of air on the Earth. ✓ 【正例】There is a lot of air on the Earth. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确定该名词是否可数：不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与 a / an 或数词直接连用，作主语时谓语用单数，表示数量须借助量词短语。 ■ 易错点 2：量词短语结构错误 【典型表现】 把 two glasses of water 写成 two glass of water；把 a piece of paper 写成 a piece paper。 【错因分析】 学生已经知道不可数名词要借助量词，但往往只记住量词本身，忽略了量词也是可数名词，其单复数必须与前面的数词一致，也忽略了 of 不能省略。汉语的“两杯水”中“杯”不随数量变化，学生因此把 two glasses of water 写成 two glass of water。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】I drank two glass of water. ✓ 【正例】I drank two glasses of water. ✕ 【错例】He gave me a piece paper. ✓ 【正例】He gave me a piece of paper. ✕ 【错例】There are three bottle of water on the table. ✓ 【正例】There are three bottles of water on the table. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确认被修饰的名词是否不可数：不可数名词须借助量词短语，结构固定为“数词 + 量词（复数）+ of + 不可数名词”，当数词大于一时量词要加 -s。 ■ 易错点 3：祈使句中主语多余或动词形式错误 【典型表现】 把 Save the Earth 写成 You save the Earth；把 Don't to waste water 写成否定形式。 【错因分析】 汉语的祈使句主语“你”经常省略，但学生知道英语句子要有主语，于是习惯性补出 you。另一类错误是把祈使句的否定形式按不定式处理，写出 Don't to do。英语祈使句以动词原形开头，主语 you 通常不出现；否定形式在句首用 Don't，其后直接接动词原形。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】You save the Earth. ✓ 【正例】Save the Earth. ✕ 【错例】Don't to waste water. ✓ 【正例】Don't waste water. ✕ 【错例】Please you turn off the lights. ✓ 【正例】Please turn off the lights. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确认句子是否表达请求、命令或建议：是则以动词原形开头，不出现主语 you；否定形式在句首用 Don't，其后接动词原形。 ■ 易错点 4：some 与 any 的用法区别 【典型表现】 把 Do you have any water 写成 Do you have some water（在普通疑问句中）；把 There isn't some air 写成 some。 【错因分析】 汉语中“一些”在任何句式里写法都不变，学生因此把 some 和 any 随意互换。英语中 some 和 any 的分工是：some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句和疑问句；但当疑问句表示请求、建议或期待肯定回答时，仍用 some。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】There isn't some water in the bottle. ✓ 【正例】There isn't any water in the bottle. ✕ 【错例】Do you have some questions about the Earth? ✓ 【正例】Do you have any questions about the Earth? ✕ 【错例】Would you like any water? ✓ 【正例】Would you like some water? 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看句式：肯定句用 some；否定句和疑问句用 any；但当疑问句表示请求、建议或期待肯定回答时，仍用 some。 ■ 易错点 5：环保类短语的搭配错误 【典型表现】 把 protect ... from 写成 protect ... of；把 be made of 与 be made from 混用。 【错因分析】 汉语的“保护……免受”“由……制成”没有搭配上的约束，学生因此随意选取介词。英语中 protect ... from ... 表示“保护……免受……”；be made of 表示物理变化（能看出原料），be made from 表示化学变化（看不出原料）。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】We should protect the Earth of pollution. ✓ 【正例】We should protect the Earth from pollution. ✕ 【错例】The desk is made from wood. ✓ 【正例】The desk is made of wood. ✕ 【错例】Paper is made of wood. ✓ 【正例】Paper is made from wood. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看介词后接的成分：表示保护某物免受某种威胁用 protect ... from ...；be made of 用于能看出原料的物理变化，be made from 用于看不出原料的化学变化。 ■ 易错点 6：不可数名词作主语时的主谓一致错误 【典型表现】 把 Water are important for life 写成 are；把 The air in the city are dirty 写成 are。 【错因分析】 学生受汉语“这些水”“很多空气”的复数概念影响，容易误判主语为复数而使用复数谓语。英语中不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词一律用第三人称单数形式；即使前面有表示数量的词，也要看中心名词。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】Water are important for life. ✓ 【正例】Water is important for life. ✕ 【错例】The air in the city are dirty. ✓ 【正例】The air in the city is dirty. ✕ 【错例】Two glasses of water is enough.（量词为复数时） ✓ 【正例】Two glasses of water are enough. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先找句子的中心主语：中心词为不可数名词时谓语用单数；中心词为量词的复数形式时谓语用复数。 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. We should save some ______ (water). 2. I need much ______ (information) about the Earth. 3. I drank two ______ (glass) of water. 4. He gave me a piece ______ paper.（填介词） 5. ______ (save) the Earth. 6. Don't ______ (waste) water. 7. There isn't ______ water in the bottle.（填 some / any） 8. Would you like ______ water?（填 some / any） 9. We should protect the Earth ______ pollution.（填介词） 10. Water ______ (be) important for life. 二、按要求改写句子 1. You should save water.（改为祈使句） 2. There is some water in the bottle.（改为否定句） 3. I have some questions.（改为一般疑问句） 4. The desk is made of wood.（用 paper 改写，说明化学变化） 5. Water is important.（用 a lot of 改写，表示“很多水很重要”） 三、单句改错（诊断改错） 下面每个句子均有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. We should save some waters. 2. I need many information about the Earth. 3. I drank two glass of water. 4. He gave me a piece paper. 5. You save the Earth. 6. Don't to waste water. 7. There isn't some water in the bottle. 8. We should protect the Earth of pollution. 9. Water are important for life. 10. The air in the city are dirty. 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Earth is our home. (1) ______ (protect) it from pollution! There (2) ______ (be) a lot of water on the Earth, but most of it is sea water. We should save (3) ______ (water) in our daily life. The air in many cities (4) ______ (be) not clean. We need much (5) ______ (information) about how to protect our planet. (6) ______ (not waste) paper, because it is made (7) ______ wood. Do you have (8) ______ questions about the Earth? Let's (9) ______ (work) together to make it a better place. Water (10) ______ (be) important for all living things. Unit 5　Off to space 【单元话题】 了解人类探索太空的历程，感受航天精神与科学魅力 【语法项目】 一般过去时；数词与序数词 易错知识点解析 ■ 易错点 1：一般过去时动词过去式错误 【典型表现】 把 He went to space in 2003 写成 He goed to space in 2003；把 saw 写成 seed。 【错因分析】 学生掌握了规则动词加 -ed 的构成后，容易对所有动词一律套用，忽略 go、see、take、fly 等常用动词的过去式属于不规则变化。另一类错误是虽然知道要用过去时，但只记得加 -ed 而想不起不规则形式。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】He goed to space in 2003. ✓ 【正例】He went to space in 2003. ✕ 【错例】I seed a rocket in the museum. ✓ 【正例】I saw a rocket in the museum. ✕ 【错例】They taked a lot of photos in the space museum. ✓ 【正例】They took a lot of photos in the space museum. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确认句中有表示过去的时间状语，再回忆该动词的过去式：规则动词加 -ed（重读闭音节双写末尾辅音字母；辅音字母加 y 结尾变 y 为 i 再加 -ed）；不规则动词须成组记忆，如 go→went、see→saw、take→took、fly→flew。 ■ 易错点 2：一般过去时否定句与疑问句中助动词误用 【典型表现】 把 He didn't go to space 写成 He didn't went to space；把 Did you see the rocket 写成 Did you saw the rocket。 【错因分析】 学生已经掌握“过去式动词加 -ed”，于是在借助助动词 did 构成否定句或疑问句时，仍习惯性地把主要动词变为过去式，形成两个过去标记并存。英语的规则是：助动词 did 已经承担了过去时的标记，后面的主要动词必须用原形。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】He didn't went to space. ✓ 【正例】He didn't go to space. ✕ 【错例】Did you saw the rocket? ✓ 【正例】Did you see the rocket? ✕ 【错例】They didn't taked photos there. ✓ 【正例】They didn't take photos there. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看句中有没有 did / didn't，有则其后的主要动词一律用原形，不再变为过去式。 ■ 易错点 3：一般过去时与一般现在时混用 【典型表现】 把 He flew into space in 2003 写成 He flies into space in 2003；把 I often read books about space 写成 I often readed books about space。 【错因分析】 学生尚未建立“动作发生在过去还是现在”的意识，容易在两个时态间随意选择。一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生并结束的动作，常与 yesterday、last year、in 2003、ago 连用；一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作，常与 often、usually、every day 连用。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】He flies into space in 2003. ✓ 【正例】He flew into space in 2003. ✕ 【错例】I often readed books about space. ✓ 【正例】I often read books about space. ✕ 【错例】She visits the space museum last week. ✓ 【正例】She visited the space museum last week. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先找时间状语：含 yesterday、last week、in 2003、ago 等表示过去的时间时用一般过去时；含 often、usually、every day 等表示经常的时间时用一般现在时。 ■ 易错点 4：序数词与基数词混用 【典型表现】 把 the first man in space 写成 the one man in space；把 the third rocket 写成 the three rocket。 【错因分析】 汉语说“第一个”“第三枚”时数字部分与“第几”的语义没有形态区分，学生因此直接把基数词填入。英语中表示“第几”必须用序数词，且序数词前通常加 the；序数词的拼写也有特殊变化，first、second、third、fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth 等容易写错。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】He was the one man in space. ✓ 【正例】He was the first man in space. ✕ 【错例】This is the three rocket made in China. ✓ 【正例】This is the third rocket made in China. ✕ 【错例】She came nine in the race. ✓ 【正例】She came ninth in the race. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确认是否表示“第几”：是则用序数词并在其前加 the。注意 first、second、third、fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth 的特殊拼写。 ■ 易错点 5：太空类词汇与短语的搭配错误 【典型表现】 把 travel into space 写成 travel in space，混淆了进入太空的过程与在太空中旅行；把 be interested in 写成 be interested at。 【错因分析】 汉语的“进入太空”“对……感兴趣”没有搭配上的约束，学生因此随意选取介词。英语中 travel into space 强调进入太空的过程；travel in space 表示在太空中旅行；be interested in 的介词固定用 in。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】The rocket travelled in space for the first time. ✓ 【正例】The rocket travelled into space for the first time. ✕ 【错例】I am interested at space travel. ✓ 【正例】I am interested in space travel. ✕ 【错例】He is proud for his country. ✓ 【正例】He is proud of his country. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确认搭配中的介词：travel into space 表示进入太空的过程，be interested in、be proud of、take photos of 的介词均固定，不可随意替换。 ■ 易错点 6：过去时间状语的误用 【典型表现】 把 He went to space two years ago 写成 He went to space two years before；把 in 2003 写成 on 2003。 【错因分析】 汉语的“两年前”“在 2003 年”都用“前”“在”，学生因此把 ago 与 before 混用，也容易在年份前误用 on。英语中 ago 表示“从现在起……以前”，与一般过去时连用；before 表示“从过去某时起……以前”，多与过去完成时连用；年份前用 in。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】He went to space two years before. ✓ 【正例】He went to space two years ago. ✕ 【错例】The rocket was sent up on 2003. ✓ 【正例】The rocket was sent up in 2003. ✕ 【错例】He said he had visited the museum two years ago.（间接引语中） ✓ 【正例】He said he had visited the museum two years before. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确定时间参照点：以现在为参照用 ago，与一般过去时连用；以过去为参照用 before，与过去完成时连用。年份前用 in，具体某一天用 on。 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. He ______ (go) to space in 2003. 2. I ______ (see) a rocket in the museum last week. 3. They ______ (take) a lot of photos there. 4. He ______ (not go) to space last year. 5. ______ you ______ (see) the rocket? 6. I often ______ (read) books about space. 7. He was the ______ (one) man in space. 8. This is the ______ (three) rocket made in China. 9. I am interested ______ space travel.（填介词） 10. The rocket was sent up ______ 2003.（填介词） 二、按要求改写句子 1. He goes to space.（改为一般过去时，加 in 2003） 2. I saw a rocket.（改为否定句） 3. They took a lot of photos.（改为一般疑问句） 4. He visited the space museum last week.（对 last week 提问） 5. He was the one man in space.（用序数词改写） 三、单句改错（诊断改错） 下面每个句子均有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. He goed to space in 2003. 2. I seed a rocket in the museum. 3. He didn't went to space. 4. Did you saw the rocket? 5. He flies into space in 2003. 6. She visits the space museum last week. 7. He was the one man in space. 8. I am interested at space travel. 9. He went to space two years before. 10. The rocket was sent up on 2003. 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China (1) ______ (send) its first astronaut into space in 2003. That (2) ______ (be) a great moment for our country. Millions of people (3) ______ (watch) the launch on TV. The astronaut (4) ______ (spend) about twenty-one hours in space. He (5) ______ (not forget) to take the Chinese flag with him. He (6) ______ (be) the first Chinese man in space. After he came back, he (7) ______ (tell) us many interesting stories. I (8) ______ (visit) the space museum last year, and I (9) ______ (see) a model of the rocket. Now I (10) ______ (be) interested in space travel, and I want to be an astronaut one day. Unit 6　Travelling around Asia 【单元话题】 了解亚洲各国的风土人情，学会规划旅行与介绍景点 【语法项目】 一般将来时；方位介词；there be 与 have 的区分 易错知识点解析 ■ 易错点 1：一般将来时 will 与 be going to 的混用 【典型表现】 把 I am going to visit Beijing next week 写成 I will visit Beijing（在表示事先计划时）；把 Look at the sky! It is going to rain 写成 It will rain。 【错因分析】 汉语的“将要”不区分“计划”与“预测”，学生因此把 will 与 be going to 混用。英语中 be going to 表示事先的计划或已有迹象的预测；will 表示临时的决定或单纯的将来。此外表示位移的动词（go、come、leave、arrive）常用现在进行时表将来。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】Look at the sky! It will rain. ✓ 【正例】Look at the sky! It is going to rain. ✕ 【错例】I am going to help you with that bag.（临时决定时） ✓ 【正例】I will help you with that bag. ✕ 【错例】We will visit the museum tomorrow.（已计划时） ✓ 【正例】We are going to visit the museum tomorrow. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确定是计划还是临时决定：事先计划或已有迹象用 be going to；临时决定或单纯将来用 will；go、come、leave、arrive 等表示位移的动词可用现在进行时表将来。 ■ 易错点 2：方位介词 in / on / to 的误用 【典型表现】 把 Beijing is in the north of China 写成 on the north of China；把 Japan is to the east of China 写成 in the east of China。 【错因分析】 汉语说方位时只用一个“在”，学生因此把 in、on、to 混用。英语中表示方位的三个介词分工明确：in 表示在某范围之内；on 表示接壤、相邻；to 表示在范围之外、不接壤。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】Beijing is on the north of China. ✓ 【正例】Beijing is in the north of China. ✕ 【错例】Japan is in the east of China. ✓ 【正例】Japan is to the east of China. ✕ 【错例】Shanghai is to the east of Jiangsu. ✓ 【正例】Shanghai is on the east of Jiangsu.（接壤时用 on；若表示方位在东侧也可用 to） 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看两地是否属于同一范围：在范围之内用 in；接壤相邻用 on；在范围之外不接壤用 to。 ■ 易错点 3：一般将来时的否定与疑问形式错误 【典型表现】 把 He won't go to Japan 写成 He will not goes to Japan；把 Will you visit Beijing 写成 Will you to visit Beijing。 【错因分析】 学生已经掌握“第三人称单数动词加 -s”，于是在将来时的否定句或疑问句中仍给主要动词加 -s。英语中 will 是助动词，其后一律用动词原形，不随主语人称变化；否定形式为 will not（won't）。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】He will not goes to Japan. ✓ 【正例】He will not go to Japan. ✕ 【错例】Will you to visit Beijing? ✓ 【正例】Will you visit Beijing? ✕ 【错例】She won't visits the museum. ✓ 【正例】She won't visit the museum. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确认句中有无 will：有则其后一律用动词原形，不随主语变化；否定形式为 will not 或 won't；一般疑问句把 will 提到主语之前。 ■ 易错点 4：时间状语从句中“主将从现”误用 【典型表现】 把 I will call you when I arrive in Beijing 写成 when I will arrive in Beijing。 【错因分析】 学生已经掌握 will 表示将来，于是在时间状语从句中也用 will，忽略了英语的一条特殊规则：时间状语从句中表示将来要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，主句仍用一般将来时。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】I will call you when I will arrive in Beijing. ✓ 【正例】I will call you when I arrive in Beijing. ✕ 【错例】We will start as soon as he will come. ✓ 【正例】We will start as soon as he comes. ✕ 【错例】If it will be fine tomorrow, we will go out. ✓ 【正例】If it is fine tomorrow, we will go out. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时看到 when、as soon as、until、before、after、if 引导的时间或条件状语从句，先把从句中的 will 去掉，动词改用一般现在时；主句仍用一般将来时。 ■ 易错点 5：there be 与 have 的混用 【典型表现】 把 There are many temples in Thailand 写成 Thailand has many temples（虽可接受但须辨明）；把 There have many temples 写成 have。 【错因分析】 汉语的“有”既可以表示“某处存在”，也可以表示“某人拥有”，学生因此把 There be 与 have 混用。英语中 There be 表示“某处存在某物”，主语在 be 动词之后；have 表示“某人拥有某物”，主语是人或机构。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】There have many temples in Thailand. ✓ 【正例】There are many temples in Thailand. ✕ 【错例】There is a new bike. ✓ 【正例】I have a new bike. ✕ 【错例】China there are many places of interest. ✓ 【正例】China has many places of interest. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看主语是拥有者还是地点：拥有者用 have / has，地点用 There be。There be 结构中的 be 与后接名词保持一致，且不能与 have 连用。 ■ 易错点 6：旅行类短语的搭配错误 【典型表现】 把 go on a trip 写成 go on a travel；把 arrive in 与 arrive at 混用。 【错因分析】 汉语的“去旅行”“到达”没有搭配上的约束，学生因此随意选取名词或介词。英语中 go on a trip 表示“去旅行”，trip 是可数名词；arrive in 后接大地点（城市、国家），arrive at 后接小地点（车站、机场）。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】We will go on a travel to Japan. ✓ 【正例】We will go on a trip to Japan. ✕ 【错例】We arrived at Beijing yesterday. ✓ 【正例】We arrived in Beijing yesterday. ✕ 【错例】They arrived in the airport at nine. ✓ 【正例】They arrived at the airport at nine. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看后接地点的类型：大地点（城市、国家）用 arrive in，小地点（车站、机场、村庄）用 arrive at。go on a trip 为固定搭配，不能用 travel 替换。 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Look at the sky! It ______ (rain). 2. We ______ (visit) the museum tomorrow.（已计划） 3. Beijing is ______ the north of China.（填介词） 4. Japan is ______ the east of China.（填介词） 5. He will not ______ (go) to Japan. 6. ______ you ______ (visit) Beijing next week? 7. I will call you when I ______ (arrive) in Beijing. 8. We will start as soon as he ______ (come). 9. There ______ (be) many temples in Thailand. 10. We arrived ______ Beijing yesterday.（填介词） 二、按要求改写句子 1. He will go to Japan.（改为否定句） 2. They will visit Beijing.（改为一般疑问句） 3. I will arrive in Beijing. I will call you.（用 when 合并） 4. Many temples are in Thailand.（用 There be 改写） 5. We plan to go on a trip to Japan.（用 be going to 改写） 三、单句改错（诊断改错） 下面每个句子均有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. Look at the sky! It will rain. 2. Beijing is on the north of China. 3. Japan is in the east of China. 4. He will not goes to Japan. 5. Will you to visit Beijing? 6. I will call you when I will arrive in Beijing. 7. We will start as soon as he will come. 8. There have many temples in Thailand. 9. We will go on a travel to Japan. 10. We arrived at Beijing yesterday. 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Next summer my family (1) ______ (go) on a trip to Asia. We (2) ______ (visit) Japan first, and then we (3) ______ (fly) to Thailand. Japan is (4) ______ the east of China. There (5) ______ (be) many interesting places in these countries. I will take a lot of photos when I (6) ______ (arrive) there. My sister says she (7) ______ (buy) some gifts for her friends. We will start as soon as the summer holiday (8) ______ (begin). If it (9) ______ (be) fine, we will also go to the beach. I am sure we (10) ______ (have) a good time. Unit 7　Fun after school 【单元话题】 了解丰富多彩的课外活动，培养兴趣与特长 【语法项目】 情态动词 can；动名词 易错知识点解析 ■ 易错点 1：情态动词 can 后接动词形式错误 【典型表现】 把 I can play the piano 写成 I can to play the piano；把 She can sings well 写成 sings。 【错因分析】 学生学过 want to do、would like to do 等接不定式的结构后，容易把所有情态动词都套上 to，也容易按一般现在时的规则给动词加 -s。情态动词后必须接动词原形，这是情态动词区别于实义动词的基本特征，且不随主语人称变化。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】I can to play the piano. ✓ 【正例】I can play the piano. ✕ 【错例】She can sings well. ✓ 【正例】She can sing well. ✕ 【错例】He can plays basketball very well. ✓ 【正例】He can play basketball very well. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确认谓语是否为情态动词：can、may、must、should 都是情态动词，其后一律用动词原形，不随主语人称变化；否定形式在情态动词后加 not。 ■ 易错点 2：can 表示能力与请求的混用 【典型表现】 把 Can you help me 答成 Yes, I can 之外的错误形式；把表示能力的 can 与表示许可的 may 混用。 【错因分析】 can 既可以表示“能力”，也可以表示“请求或许可”，学生只记其一，容易在语境中误用。表示能力时，答语用 Yes, I can / No, I can't；表示请求时，答语通常用 Sure / Of course / I'm afraid not 等，而不是机械地用 Yes / No 回答。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】— Can you help me? — Yes, I do. ✓ 【正例】— Can you help me? — Sure. / Of course. ✕ 【错例】— Can you swim? — Sure. ✓ 【正例】— Can you swim? — Yes, I can. ✕ 【错例】May you pass me the book? ✓ 【正例】Can you pass me the book? 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确定句子的功能：表示能力时，答语用 Yes, I can / No, I can't；表示请求时，答语用 Sure / Of course / Certainly 等。表示请求不用 May you ... 结构。 ■ 易错点 3：动名词作主语时主谓一致错误 【典型表现】 把 Playing basketball is fun 写成 Playing basketball are fun；把 Reading books help us 写成 help。 【错因分析】 学生看到动名词短语中的名词是复数，或者看到短语本身较长，容易误判主语为复数而使用复数谓语。英语中动名词短语作主语时视为一个整体概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；只有当两个动名词短语并列作主语时才视为复数。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】Playing basketball are fun. ✓ 【正例】Playing basketball is fun. ✕ 【错例】Reading books help us learn more. ✓ 【正例】Reading books helps us learn more. ✕ 【错例】Swimming and running is good for us.（并列主语时） ✓ 【正例】Swimming and running are good for us. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确定句子的主语是不是动名词短语：是则谓语用第三人称单数；两个动名词短语并列作主语时谓语用复数。 ■ 易错点 4：like / enjoy / love 后接动词形式错误 【典型表现】 把 I enjoy playing football 写成 I enjoy to play football；把 She likes to swimming 写成 to swimming。 【错因分析】 汉语的“喜欢做某事”在形式上没有区别，学生因此分不清哪些动词后接动名词、哪些后接不定式。英语中 enjoy、finish、mind、practise 等后只接动名词；like、love、begin、start 等后接动名词或不定式均可，意义基本相同。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】I enjoy to play football. ✓ 【正例】I enjoy playing football. ✕ 【错例】She likes to swimming in summer. ✓ 【正例】She likes swimming in summer.（或 She likes to swim in summer.） ✕ 【错例】He finished to do his homework. ✓ 【正例】He finished doing his homework. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确认前面的动词属于哪一类：enjoy、finish、mind、practise、suggest、avoid 后接动名词；like、love、begin、start 后接动名词或不定式均可。 ■ 易错点 5：课外活动短语的搭配错误 【典型表现】 把 play the piano 写成 play piano；把 play basketball 写成 play the basketball。 【错因分析】 汉语的“弹钢琴”“打篮球”都没有冠词，学生因此难以把握英语的冠词规则。英语中 play 后接乐器名称时须加 the（play the piano、play the violin）；后接球类运动名称时不加 the（play basketball、play football）。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】She can play piano very well. ✓ 【正例】She can play the piano very well. ✕ 【错例】He often plays the basketball after school. ✓ 【正例】He often plays basketball after school. ✕ 【错例】I like playing the chess. ✓ 【正例】I like playing chess. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时看 play 后接的是乐器还是球类运动：乐器前加 the，球类运动前不加 the，棋类也不加 the。 ■ 易错点 6：课外活动相关介词与搭配错误 【典型表现】 把 be good at 写成 be good in；把 take part in 写成 take part of；把 spend time on 写成 spend time in。 【错因分析】 汉语的“擅长”“参加”“花时间在”都没有搭配上的约束，学生因此随意选取介词。英语中 be good at、take part in、spend time on sth 都是固定搭配，介词不可随意替换。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】He is good in playing chess. ✓ 【正例】He is good at playing chess. ✕ 【错例】I take part of the music club. ✓ 【正例】I take part in the music club. ✕ 【错例】She spends an hour in her hobby every day. ✓ 【正例】She spends an hour on her hobby every day. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确认搭配中的介词：be good at、take part in、spend time on sth、be interested in、be fond of 的介词均固定。 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I can ______ (play) the piano. 2. She can ______ (sing) well. 3. Playing basketball ______ (be) fun. 4. Reading books ______ (help) us learn more. 5. I enjoy ______ (play) football. 6. She likes ______ (swim) in summer. 7. He finished ______ (do) his homework. 8. She can play ______ piano very well.（填冠词） 9. He is good ______ playing chess.（填介词） 10. I take part ______ the music club.（填介词） 二、按要求改写句子 1. I can play the piano.（改为否定句） 2. She can sing well.（改为一般疑问句） 3. He plays basketball after school.（用 can 改写，表示能力） 4. Playing basketball is fun.（用 What 引导的感叹句改写） 5. I like playing football.（用 enjoy 改写，保持句意） 三、单句改错（诊断改错） 下面每个句子均有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. I can to play the piano. 2. She can sings well. 3. Playing basketball are fun. 4. Reading books help us learn more. 5. I enjoy to play football. 6. She likes to swimming in summer. 7. She can play piano very well. 8. He often plays the basketball after school. 9. He is good in playing chess. 10. I take part of the music club. 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 After-school activities are fun. I can (1) ______ (play) the piano, and my sister can (2) ______ (sing) very well. (3) ______ (play) basketball is my favourite activity. My brother enjoys (4) ______ (play) chess, and he is good (5) ______ it. We take part (6) ______ different clubs after school. (7) ______ (read) books helps us learn more about the world. My sister likes (8) ______ (draw) pictures in her free time. We can also (9) ______ (join) the music club if we like. (10) ______ (do) sports every day is good for our health. Unit 8　Collecting as a hobby 【单元话题】 了解收藏这一爱好，体会专注与积累带来的乐趣 【语法项目】 名词所有格；特殊疑问句 易错知识点解析 ■ 易错点 1：名词所有格的构成与用法错误 【典型表现】 把 Tom's collection 写成 Toms collection；把 the students' books 写成 the students's books。 【错因分析】 汉语表示所属关系用“的”，写法不随名词的单复数变化，学生因此容易漏写撇号，也容易把复数名词的所有格与单数混淆。英语名词所有格分两种情况：单数名词加 's；以 -s 结尾的复数名词只加撇号。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】This is Toms collection of stamps. ✓ 【正例】This is Tom's collection of stamps. ✕ 【错例】These are the students's books. ✓ 【正例】These are the students' books. ✕ 【错例】That is my sister stamp album. ✓ 【正例】That is my sister's stamp album. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看名词是单数还是以 -s 结尾的复数：单数名词加 's；以 -s 结尾的复数名词只加撇号；不以 -s 结尾的不规则复数名词仍加 's。 ■ 易错点 2：名词所有格与物主代词的混用 【典型表现】 把 It is hers 写成 It is her's；把 a friend of mine 写成 a friend of my。 【错因分析】 学生已经掌握名词所有格加 's 的规则后，容易把这条规则推广到物主代词上。英语中名词性物主代词（mine、yours、his、hers、ours、theirs）本身已含所有关系，不能再加撇号；双重所有格的结构为“a / an / this / that + 名词 + of + 名词性物主代词”。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】This stamp album is her's. ✓ 【正例】This stamp album is hers. ✕ 【错例】He is a friend of my. ✓ 【正例】He is a friend of mine. ✕ 【错例】The book is your's. ✓ 【正例】The book is yours. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确认该词是否为名词性物主代词：是则其后不加撇号，也不能再接名词。双重所有格中 of 后须用名词性物主代词或名词所有格。 ■ 易错点 3：特殊疑问词的选用错误 【典型表现】 把 What is your hobby 写成 How is your hobby；把 Who is the owner 写成 What is the owner。 【错因分析】 汉语的疑问词与英语的疑问词并非一一对应，“什么”“怎么”“谁”在语境中的分工容易混淆。英语中 what 询问事物，who 询问人，how 询问方式或程度，when 询问时间，where 询问地点，whose 询问所属，why 询问原因。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】How is your hobby? ✓ 【正例】What is your hobby? ✕ 【错例】What is the owner of this collection? ✓ 【正例】Who is the owner of this collection? ✕ 【错例】What do you collect stamps?（询问原因时） ✓ 【正例】Why do you collect stamps? 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看答语提供的是哪一类信息，再反推应使用的疑问词：事物用 what，人用 who，所属用 whose，方式或程度用 how，时间用 when，地点用 where，原因用 why。 ■ 易错点 4：特殊疑问句的语序错误 【典型表现】 把 What do you collect 写成 What you collect；把 Where is your collection 写成 Where your collection is。 【错因分析】 汉语的疑问句语序与陈述句基本相同，只靠“吗”“什么”等词表示疑问，学生因此把英语的特殊疑问句也按陈述语序排列。英语特殊疑问句必须用疑问语序：疑问词 + 助动词或 be 动词 + 主语 + 其他成分。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】What you collect? ✓ 【正例】What do you collect? ✕ 【错例】Where your collection is? ✓ 【正例】Where is your collection? ✕ 【错例】How many stamps you have? ✓ 【正例】How many stamps do you have? 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先写出疑问词，再看句中有无 be 动词或情态动词：有则提到主语之前；没有则借助 do / does 构成疑问语序，其后动词用原形。 ■ 易错点 5：收藏类词汇与短语的搭配错误 【典型表现】 把 a collection of 写成 a collection for；把 be interested in 写成 be interested at。 【错因分析】 汉语的“一批……的收藏”“对……感兴趣”没有搭配上的约束，学生因此随意选取介词。英语中 a collection of 表示“一批……的收藏”，介词固定用 of；be interested in 的介词固定用 in。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】He has a collection for old coins. ✓ 【正例】He has a collection of old coins. ✕ 【错例】I am interested at collecting stamps. ✓ 【正例】I am interested in collecting stamps. ✕ 【错例】She is fond for music. ✓ 【正例】She is fond of music. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确认搭配中的介词：a collection of、be interested in、be fond of、be crazy about 的介词均固定，不可随意替换。 ■ 易错点 6：特殊疑问句的应答误用 【典型表现】 把 How many stamps do you have 答成 Yes, I do；把 Whose album is this 答成 It is Tom。 【错因分析】 学生把特殊疑问句与一般疑问句混为一谈，用 Yes / No 机械回答；另一类错误是答语不完整，把所属关系用名词主格表达。英语中特殊疑问句不能用 Yes / No 回答，须针对疑问词提供具体信息；回答所属关系时用名词所有格或名词性物主代词。 【正误对比】 ✕ 【错例】— How many stamps do you have? — Yes, I do. ✓ 【正例】— How many stamps do you have? — About two hundred. ✕ 【错例】— Whose album is this? — It is Tom. ✓ 【正例】— Whose album is this? — It is Tom's. ✕ 【错例】— Where is your collection? — Yes, it is. ✓ 【正例】— Where is your collection? — It is in my room. 【语法规则】 ▶ 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确认问句是否为特殊疑问句：是则不能用 Yes / No 回答，须针对疑问词提供具体信息；回答所属关系时须用名词所有格或名词性物主代词。 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. This is ______ (Tom) collection of stamps. 2. These are the ______ (student) books. 3. This stamp album is ______ (she). 4. He is a friend of ______ (I). 5. ______ is your hobby?（填疑问词） 6. ______ is the owner of this collection?（填疑问词） 7. What ______ you ______ (collect)? 8. He has a collection ______ old coins.（填介词） 9. I am interested ______ collecting stamps.（填介词） 10. — Whose album is this? — It is ______ (Tom). 二、按要求改写句子 1. Tom has a collection of stamps.（对 Tom 提问） 2. I collect stamps.（对 stamps 提问） 3. My collection is in my room.（对 in my room 提问） 4. This is her album.（用名词性物主代词改写） 5. I have two hundred stamps.（对 two hundred 提问） 三、单句改错（诊断改错） 下面每个句子均有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. This is Toms collection of stamps. 2. These are the students's books. 3. This stamp album is her's. 4. He is a friend of my. 5. How is your hobby? 6. What you collect? 7. Where your collection is? 8. He has a collection for old coins. 9. I am interested at collecting stamps. 10. — Whose album is this? — It is Tom. 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Collecting is a wonderful hobby. My (1) ______ (brother) collection of stamps is very big. (2) ______ is your hobby? I am interested (3) ______ collecting coins. A friend of (4) ______ (I) has a collection (5) ______ old books. (6) ______ many stamps do you have? (7) ______ album is this? It is my (8) ______ (sister). She says that (9) ______ she collects stamps is to learn about different countries. Collecting helps us learn patience. (10) ______ do you collect? 参考答案与解析 【Unit 1　Friendship 】 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. is　2. are　3. His　4. my　5. likes　6. is　7. friends　8. boys　9. at　10. with 二、按要求改写句子 1. They are my friends.　2. She doesn't like music.　3. Is your friend kind?　4. Who is this?　5. He is good with children. 三、单句改错（诊断改错） 1. are → is　2. is → are　3. He → His　4. I → my　5. like → likes　6. are → is　7. friend → friends　8. boies → boys　9. in → at　10. to → with 四、语篇语法填空 1. is　2. have　3. Their　4. is　5. likes　6. at　7. gets　8. is　9. our　10. is 【Unit 2　School life 】 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. goes　2. watches　3. studies　4. always go　5. is never　6. at　7. on　8. in　9. doesn't like　10. Does; go 二、按要求改写句子 1. She doesn't go to school by bus.　2. Does he watch TV after dinner?　3. Where do you have lunch?　4. When do you have English?　5. He is often busy. 三、单句改错（诊断改错） 1. go → goes　2. watchs → watches　3. study → studies　4. go always → always go　5. never is → is never　6. in → on　7. at → in　8. likes → like　9. goes → go　10. part of → part in 四、语篇语法填空 1. is　2. get　3. goes　4. have　5. is　6. always helps　7. a　8. an　9. doesn't like　10. studies 【Unit 3　The seasons 】 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. is raining　2. are playing　3. running　4. making　5. snows　6. is snowing　7. sunny　8. rainy　9. in　10. on 二、按要求改写句子 1. It isn't raining now.　2. Are they playing football?　3. She is going to school by bike now.　4. There is a lot of snow today.　5. There is cold weather in winter.（或改为 It is cold in winter.） 三、单句改错（诊断改错） 1. It raining → It is raining　2. They playing → They are playing　3. runing → running　4. makeing → making　5. is often snowing → often snows　6. snows → is snowing　7. sun → sunny　8. on → in　9. in → on　10. There is rainy → It is rainy 四、语篇语法填空 1. gets　2. is　3. go　4. turn　5. is　6. snows　7. is snowing　8. is making　9. skating　10. is 【Unit 4　The Earth 】 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. water　2. information　3. glasses　4. of　5. Save　6. waste　7. any　8. some　9. from　10. is 二、按要求改写句子 1. Save water.　2. There isn't any water in the bottle.　3. Do you have any questions?　4. Paper is made from wood.　5. A lot of water is important. 三、单句改错（诊断改错） 1. waters → water　2. many → much　3. glass → glasses　4. piece paper → piece of paper　5. You save → Save　6. Don't to waste → Don't waste　7. some → any　8. of → from　9. are → is　10. are → is 四、语篇语法填空 1. Protect　2. is　3. water　4. is　5. information　6. Don't waste　7. from　8. any　9. work　10. is 【Unit 5　Off to space 】 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. went　2. saw　3. took　4. didn't go　5. Did; see　6. read　7. first　8. third　9. in　10. in 二、按要求改写句子 1. He went to space in 2003.　2. I didn't see a rocket.　3. Did they take a lot of photos?　4. When did he visit the space museum?　5. He was the first man in space. 三、单句改错（诊断改错） 1. goed → went　2. seed → saw　3. didn't went → didn't go　4. saw → see　5. flies → flew　6. visits → visited　7. one → first　8. at → in　9. before → ago　10. on → in 四、语篇语法填空 1. sent　2. was　3. watched　4. spent　5. didn't forget　6. was　7. told　8. visited　9. saw　10. am 【Unit 6　Travelling around Asia 】 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. is going to rain　2. are going to visit　3. in　4. to　5. go　6. Will; visit　7. arrive　8. comes　9. are　10. in 二、按要求改写句子 1. He won't go to Japan.　2. Will they visit Beijing?　3. I will call you when I arrive in Beijing.　4. There are many temples in Thailand.　5. We are going to go on a trip to Japan. 三、单句改错（诊断改错） 1. will rain → is going to rain　2. on → in　3. in → to　4. goes → go　5. to visit → visit　6. will arrive → arrive　7. will come → comes　8. have → are　9. a travel → a trip　10. at → in 四、语篇语法填空 1. will go　2. will visit　3. will fly　4. to　5. are　6. arrive　7. will buy　8. begins　9. is　10. will have 【Unit 7　Fun after school 】 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. play　2. sing　3. is　4. helps　5. playing　6. swimming　7. doing　8. the　9. at　10. in 二、按要求改写句子 1. I can't play the piano.　2. Can she sing well?　3. He can play basketball after school.　4. What fun playing basketball is!（或 How fun playing basketball is!）　5. I enjoy playing football. 三、单句改错（诊断改错） 1. can to play → can play　2. sings → sing　3. are → is　4. help → helps　5. to play → playing　6. to swimming → swimming　7. play piano → play the piano　8. the basketball → basketball　9. in → at　10. part of → part in 四、语篇语法填空 1. play　2. sing　3. Playing　4. playing　5. at　6. in　7. Reading　8. drawing / to draw　9. join　10. Doing 【Unit 8　Collecting as a hobby 】 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Tom's　2. students'　3. hers　4. mine　5. What　6. Who　7. do; collect　8. of　9. in　10. Tom's 二、按要求改写句子 1. Who has a collection of stamps?　2. What do you collect?　3. Where is your collection?　4. This album is hers.　5. How many stamps do you have? 三、单句改错（诊断改错） 1. Toms → Tom's　2. students's → students'　3. her's → hers　4. my → mine　5. How → What　6. What you → What do you　7. your collection is → is your collection　8. for → of　9. at → in　10. Tom → Tom's 四、语篇语法填空 1. brother's　2. What　3. in　4. mine　5. of　6. How　7. Whose　8. sister's　9. why　10. What — 第 页 — 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $