精品解析：北京师范大学第二附属中学2026-2027学年第一学期高二英语10月月考试卷

2026-2027学年第一学期高二英语10月月考试卷 2026.10.9 I．单项填空（共8小题；每小题1分，共8分） 阅读下列各句，根据句意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The sudden drop in temperature had a(an) ________ effect on the crops, destroying almost all of them. A. relevant B. dramatic C. sincere D. invisible 2. After years of refusing to use social media, my grandfather finally decided to ________ the new technology and opened an account. A. represent B. project C. embrace D. disturb 3. When the teacher asked a question, Tom raised his hand ________, before anyone else could even think. A. profoundly B. dramatically C. sincerely D. instantly 4. The new law about online privacy caused a huge ________, with people arguing for and against it on social media. A. controversy B. democracy C. tuition D. teamwork 5. The president described the protection of drinking water as a(an) ________ issue for the whole city, one that deserved immediate attention. A. obsessed B. relevant C. sincere D. absurd 6. Although the young couple no longer believed in the old gods, they still followed the family ________ of lighting a candle at the window on the first night of the new year, because it made them feel connected to their ancestors. A. ritual B. breeding C. layer D. evolution 7. The award-winning photograph was displayed ________ on the front page of the newspaper, so everyone could see it. A. astonishingly B. transparently C. tremendously D. prominently 8. After the national anthem was played and all the guests had taken their seats, the host announced that the award presentation would ________ with a short video about the nominees. A. embrace B. bounce C. commence D. flash Ⅱ．完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Early in my teaching career, I heard countless make-believe stories for unfinished homework. Then I grew less trusting and quitted ___9___ any excuse. When the students at my new school didn’t finish homework, I never asked why. Instead, I just sighed loudly and recorded a zero in the grade book. I soon gained the ___10___ I thought I wanted. One day, Anthony approached me. “Could I talk to you?” he asked ___11___. “I know you said no excuse, but I don’t want you to think I’m ___12___ because I often come without my homework.” He then looked up at me for the first time. “It’s just that... my dad moved out, and my mom works at night, so I have to look after my little brothers. Often, they cry a lot, and it’s hard for me to ___13___...” I was about to ask why he didn’t tell me earlier when I suddenly realized why. So I changed the ___14___. “Would it help if you stayed after school and worked on it before you go home?” He nodded hard. Anthony became the first student in my after-school study session. Several days later, Terrell joined him, followed by Sandy and Randy. Before long, I had a room full of students. Their stories were not amusing, but all very ___15___: ·The power company ___16___ our lights because we couldn’t pay the bill. ·My dad says schoolwork is just a waste of time. ·We don’t have any paper in the house. I thus discovered not all kids come from families that are ___17___. Not all kids have a quiet bedroom with a desk and study light. Some don’t even have home. Most importantly, I learned that “I’ll listen” _____18_____ better than “No excuse!” 9. A. inventing B. finding C. accepting D. offering 10. A. reputation B. benefit C. experience D. praise 11. A. loudly B. shyly C. curiously D. eagerly 12. A. poor B. mean C. lazy D. weak 13. A. behave B. concentrate C. struggle D. compete 14. A. question B. tune C. process D. thought 15. A. complex B. moving C. cool D. real 16. A. broke down B. put out C. cut off D. shut out 17. A. disciplined B. peaceful C. traditional D. supportive 18. A. works B. feels C. understands D. controls Ⅲ．阅读理解（共两节，40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A From fitness tracking to sustainable fashion and home appliances, innovative products are changing the way we live. Here are three newly-launched items that combine smart technology with everyday practicality. ON TRACK Screenless fitness trackers are the new trend in wearable workout gear. The first new Fitbit since 2023 enters that market, which competitors like Whoop and Oura have muscled into in recent years. The Fitbit Air is considerably cheaper than those options, and integrates with Google’s updated Health app. The tracker covers basic metrics like heart rate, blood oxygen and motion data during activity and sleep. All data is processed in the app, with an AI coach available for an additional $7.99 per month. Google Fitbit Air £84.99, store.google.com GOOD TIMING If time is running out to meaningfully slow down climate change, here’s a watch to both monitor the countdown and also feel slightly better about it. Detrash is a British watchmaking brand using recycled ocean plastics, steel and fashion industry offcuts (边角料) to create its timepieces. The watches — from dress to dive styles — come in at under £500. Most lines are limited editions, so if you see one you like, time is probably running out. Detrash ‘Midnight Flamingo’ From £375, detrash.com PLASTIC PROGRESS Up to 500,000 tonnes of textile microplastics enter the oceans every year, much from washing machines. Now, effective microplastic filters (过滤器) are being introduced, including a 2025 Moonshot Prize winner. Developed by Bristol-based Matter, the Regen filter can be built into machines or bought separately and installed at home. The company claims 97% effectiveness. It needs emptying every six weeks, with no replacement filters required. Regen Microplastic Filter From £199, matter.industries 19. Which is one of the advantages of the Fitbit Air? A. It is more affordable. B. It works without any app. C. It offers free AI coaching. D. It gathers more health data. 20. What do the Detrash watch and the Regen filter have in common? A. They are offered in limited editions. B. They reduce environmental pollution. C. They are made from recycled plastics. D. They need regular replacement of parts. 21. In which section of a magazine would you probably find this passage? A. Smart Living. B. Wearable Tech. C. User Reviews. D. Green Innovations. B In early 2018, I was training for the London Marathon—the first and only marathon I would ever run in my life. I had treated myself to an expensive fitness watch that tracked my time, pace and splits. At the end of my final training run—an exhausting 21 miles (34km) —I threw myself down on the floor the moment I got home, only to see my watch had failed me. Twenty-one miles briefly flashed on the screen before it went blank and disappeared for ever. I screamed in pain. That tragic image of me crying on my living room floor pretty much sums up my relationship with exercise tracking technology. It can be a total joy to watch your data change on running apps as you get stronger and faster. I once got a kick out of it, but at some point it became a stick I used to punish myself. I would watch my pace, compare it with other people’s or criticize myself for not doing it 30 seconds faster. I never really recognized exercise tracking as a problem. It seemed to me that tracking was the route to self-improvement, and the point was to improve, wasn’t it? The point was to be better. In the past year, the concept of “being better” has taken on a different meaning. My mental health dropped, and things that were once easy such as brushing my teeth became unimaginably difficult. Being better stopped meaning getting faster or stronger. It meant taking care of myself and feeling some joy in a day. Once I started getting better, I reflected on what in my life made me happy and what did not. So, I stopped tracking my runs and simply deleted years’ worth of data that was once very important to me and now meant nothing. What has become very clear to me since I quit tracking my runs is that I genuinely love doing them. I run around my local park with a silly little smile on my face. I love it so much. But I do not love running quickly. I do not like races. I do not want to be pushed to be faster. Things I notice about my runs now include: how my legs feel and how my mind feels afterwards-clear and focused. I notice dogs, the smell of the wild plants along the canal and the sunshine (OK, wind and rain) on my face. I am better. Or sometimes I am worse. But either way I’m slowly plodding along, and that’s good enough. 22. The author cried after the final training run because she ________. A. had to stop working out B. became physically worn out C. lost the data on the watch D. felt a sharp pain in the legs 23. The author used to view exercise tracking as ________. A. a fun hobby for enjoyment B. a strong need for recognition C. a method of escaping punishment D. a way of being a better runner 24. What does “being better” mean to the author now? A. Getting pleasure out of winning races. B. Being more focused on her life goal. C. Freeing herself from demanding tasks. D. Improving her overall well-being. 25. What can we conclude from this passage? A. Adjustment brings happiness. B. Passion is the key to success. C. Sports contribute to happiness. D. Success equals self-improvement. C A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion. Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.” What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean. Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence. 26. Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph? A. To explain the use of a software program. B. To show the cleverness of Project Debater. C. To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D. To emphasize the fairness of the competition. 27. What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Arguments. B. Doubts. C. Errors. D. Differences. 28. What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond? A. Create rules. B. Comprehend meaning. C. Talk fluently. D. Identify difficult words. 29. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Social interaction is key to understanding symbols. B. The human brain has potential yet to be developed. C. Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters. D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future. D Genetic (基因的) variation is what allows a species to adapt as climate changes, new diseases arise, and novel enemies come on the scene. A slightly different genetic makeup can ensure at least some individuals will still do OK in times of crisis. But just as the number of species is declining worldwide, so, too, is the genetic diversity within many species. Until 2022, governments focused primarily on preventing species from disappearing. That year, however, when updating the United Nations’s Convention on Biological Diversity treaty (条约), participating countries agreed to start to look at genetic diversity as well. The first step toward slowing the trend is understanding it. Conservation biologist Catherine Gruéber from the University of Sydney and many colleagues gathered 882 papers written between 1985 and 2019 that tracked diversity changes within 628 individual species by analyzing their DNA at at least two time points. The team used complex statistical analyses to make the data comparable, enabling them to identify trends and correlate loss of genetic diversity with floods, habitat destruction, or other disturbances. They also tracked what happened in the face of various conservation measures, such as legally protecting a species or setting aside and protecting habitat. Two-thirds of the populations analyzed exhibited a decline in diversity, Gruéber and her colleagues report. That included species already known to be at risk, but it also included more common species. The implication is that those species may be less able to bounce back than expected during environmental change, says Alicia Mastertta-Yanes, a conservation geneticist. Some conservation efforts, such as ecological restoration or reducing pests (害虫), didn’t help much, the analysis found. But certain actions did seem to help, such as efforts to expand and protect habitat, introduce new individuals to declining populations, or connect two isolated populations. “It was pretty impressive that they were able to track what human disturbances and conservation actions had done,” says Moisés Alonso, an evolutionary geneticist who authored a preprint last year indicating that protecting existing habitat won’t be enough to prevent genetic diversity losses for many species. “We needed something like this,” he says. Conservation scientists emphasize the importance of continuing to monitor populations. But DNA methods aren’t always practical, some note. “It is relatively hard and expensive to measure genetic diversity directly,” Mastertta-Yanes says. To get around that, Mastertta-Yanes and others published a paper in Ecology Letters last year that used proxy (代替物) measures, such as population size, to evaluate genetic diversity in 919 species. The method, which only required about 3 hours of work per species, indicated that 58% of the species have populations that are too small to maintain their genetic diversity. The fact that these different approaches found declining diversity “makes both results more convincing,” Mastertta-Yanes says. “Finally, genetic diversity is getting the attention it deserves.” 30. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Challenges of collecting DNA data for diversity research. B. Findings on genetic diversity changes over the past 30 years. C. Research methods applied to track genetic diversity changes. D. Impacts of human disturbances on diversity of different species. 31. What can be learned from Grueber’s study? A. Habitat extension and population management preserve diversity. B. The diversity of common species tends to decline more severely. C. At-risk species better resist the impact of environmental changes. D. Ecosystem recovery and pest control drive population rise. 32. Mastertta-Yanes holds that DNA methods ________. A. will soon be replaced by proxy measures B. lack practicality due to their costs and complexity C. may get in the way of monitoring species populations D. require a large population size to achieve high accuracy 33. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To identify more effective methods applied in gene research. B. To advocate for using DNA methods exclusively in conservation efforts. C. To warn people of the threat posed by environmental changes on species. D. To draw people’s attention to effective measures against loss of diversity. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When you get in a car, you expect it will have functioning brakes. When you pick up medicine at the drugstore, you expect it won’t be polluted. But it wasn’t always like this. The safety of these products was terrible when they first came to market. It took much research and regulation to figure out how users can enjoy the benefits of these products without getting harmed. ___34___ Social media risks are everywhere. The dangers that algorithms designed to maximize attention represent to teens have become impossible to ignore. Other product design elements, often called “dark patterns,” designed to keep people using for longer, also appear to tip young users into social media overuse. ___35___ They say it’s their users’ fault for engaging with harmful content in the first place, even if those users are children or the content is financial trickery. They also claim to be defending free speech. ___36___ Under the Digital Services Act, which came into effect in Europe this year, platforms are required to take action to stop the spread of illegal content and can be fined up to 6 percent of their global incomes if they don’t do so. If this law is enforced, maintaining the safety of their algorithms and networks will be the most financially sound decision for platforms to make. Despite these efforts, two things are clear. First, online safety problems are leading to real, offline suffering. Second, social media companies can’t, or won’t, solve these safety problems on their own. ___37___ Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thought were solved can pop right back up. As our society moves online to an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyone, even teens, can just “stay off social media” becomes less and less realistic. ___38___ A. And those problems aren’t going away. B. The current issues aren’t really about offline suffering. C. Platforms already have systems to remove violent or harmful content. D. Similarly, social media needs product safety standards to keep users safe. E. It’s time we should require social media to take safety seriously, for everyone’s sake. F. Internet platforms, however, have shifted blame on the consumers whenever criticized. G. Some authorities are taking steps to hold social media platforms accountable for the content. Ⅳ．阅读表达（共4小题；第39、40每小题2分，第41题3分，第42题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 What makes some people incapable of apologizing even when they’re clearly in the wrong? People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of low self-worth. When their delicate ego (自我) cannot absorb the blow of admitting they were wrong, their defense mechanisms kick in — they may place blame and even argue about basic facts to prevent the threat of having to lower themselves by offering an apology. Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people’s defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength. That’s because outwardly they appear to be tough individuals who refuse to back down. But this doesn’t show that they’re strong — it shows that they’re weak. Admitting that we’re wrong is emotionally uncomfortable and painful to our sense of self. In order to take responsibility and apologize, our self-worth needs to be strong enough to absorb that discomfort. Indeed, if our self-worth is higher and more stable, we can tolerate the temporary discomfort that such an admission involves — without the walls around our ego falling down. But if our self-worth is seemingly high but actually breakable, that discomfort can go through our defensive walls and score a direct hit to our ego. Indeed, the more fixed one’s defense mechanisms are, the more delicate the ego they’re protecting. The mistake we often make when faced with someone who’s habitually incapable of apologizing is to become angry and try to win our argument with them. But the sad reality is that we can never win. In these situations, the best we can do is make our points as calmly and as convincingly as we can and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive — like when they disagree with the facts, come up with silly excuses or turn to mean remarks. 39. Why can’t some people apologize? _______________________________________________________________________________ 40. What do many people mistakenly think of a non-apologizer’s defensiveness? _______________________________________________________________________________ 41. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. _______________________________________________________________________________ 42. In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what else can you do if your friend refuses to apologize to you? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ．语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式作答。 So the media is _____43_____ (large) responsible for giving people false ideas and unhealthy pictures, _____44_____ lead to misbehavior against other people, and can create a dangerous cycle among individuals as they attempt to do the same or even _____45_____ (bad) things to others. The sad reality is, no one is turning off their televisions or disconnecting from these influences. The only way programming of this sort will change is when people no longer buy into it, demand it, and watch it. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式作答。 The brush is retractable (可收起的), ____46____ a storage cover to keep both ends of your cleaner protected when you aren’t using it. That will also make sure it stays as neat as possible when it ____47____ (not use). All in all, it’s an incredibly useful piece of equipment when it comes to deep-cleaning your tech. It’s well worth ____48____ (learn) how to clean a laptop efficiently, then adding this budget-friendly gadget as a great maintenance (维护) option. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式作答。 One day, when I was looking at the money that I had saved, I thought about the ____49____ (story) Mrs. Brown had told us, about Rob and all the other remarkable people she worked with through BHS. I decided that was ____50____ I wanted my money to go. As the last day of school approached, I ____51____ (wrap) the heart-shaped box full of dollars and coins. After all the other kids ____52____ (leave) on the last day of school, I handed Mrs. Brown the present. As she opened it, I told her that I wanted the money to go to BHS to help people like Rob. She broke into tears and hugged me tightly. Ⅵ．句子翻译（共3小题；第53、54题每小题3分，第55题4分，共10分） 53. 因为她，我的功课从来没有落下过，而且身体康复得也非常快。（fall behind）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 他过去常常用许多实际的例子和简单的语言来解释那些看起来很难的事情。（used to）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 如果你的梦想是成为最好，并登上领奖台，你最好全身心地投入到你的运动中去。（be committed to）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年第一学期高二英语10月月考试卷 2026.10.9 I．单项填空（共8小题；每小题1分，共8分） 阅读下列各句，根据句意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The sudden drop in temperature had a(an) ________ effect on the crops, destroying almost all of them. A. relevant B. dramatic C. sincere D. invisible 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：气温骤降对农作物产生了巨大的影响，几乎摧毁了所有庄稼。A. relevant相关的；B. dramatic巨大的，急剧的；C. sincere真诚的；D. invisible看不见的。后文“destroying almost all of them”提到庄稼几乎全部被毁，说明影响很大，dramatic符合语境。 2. After years of refusing to use social media, my grandfather finally decided to ________ the new technology and opened an account. A. represent B. project C. embrace D. disturb 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：在拒绝使用社交媒体多年之后，我的祖父最终决定接受这项新技术并注册了账号。A. represent代表；B. project投射；C. embrace欣然接受；D. disturb打扰。根据上文After years of refusing to use social media以及下文opened an account可知，句子表达祖父接纳这项新技术，embrace表示欣然接受，契合语境。 3. When the teacher asked a question, Tom raised his hand ________, before anyone else could even think. A. profoundly B. dramatically C. sincerely D. instantly 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：当老师提出问题时，汤姆立刻举起手，其他人甚至还没来得及思考。A. profoundly深刻地；B. dramatically显著地；C. sincerely真诚地；D. instantly立刻。根据后文“before anyone else could even think”可知，Tom马上举手，instantly符合语境。 4. The new law about online privacy caused a huge ________, with people arguing for and against it on social media. A. controversy B. democracy C. tuition D. teamwork 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：关于在线隐私的新法律引发了巨大争议，人们在社交媒体上纷纷发表支持或反对的声音。A. controversy争议；B. democracy民主；C. tuition学费；D. teamwork团队合作。根据“with people arguing for and against it on social media.”可知，这项关于网络隐私的新法律引发了巨大的争议，人们在社交媒体上各执一词，争论不休。 5. The president described the protection of drinking water as a(an) ________ issue for the whole city, one that deserved immediate attention. A. obsessed B. relevant C. sincere D. absurd 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：该市长称饮用水保护是关乎全市的相关事宜，值得立刻重视。A. obsessed痴迷的；B. relevant相关的；C. sincere真诚的；D. absurd荒唐的。根据后文issue for the whole city以及deserved immediate attention可知，饮用水保护是和全市密切相关的事宜。 6. Although the young couple no longer believed in the old gods, they still followed the family ________ of lighting a candle at the window on the first night of the new year, because it made them feel connected to their ancestors. A. ritual B. breeding C. layer D. evolution 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：尽管这对年轻夫妇不再信仰旧神，他们仍然遵循在新年第一夜于窗边点蜡烛的家庭仪式，因为这让他们感到与祖先相连。A. ritual仪式，例行公事；B. breeding繁殖，饲养；C. layer层，阶层；D. evolution演变，进化。根据“followed the family”和“of lighting a candle at the window on the first night of the new year”可知，此处表示遵循家庭传统仪式。 7. The award-winning photograph was displayed ________ on the front page of the newspaper, so everyone could see it. A. astonishingly B. transparently C. tremendously D. prominently 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：这张获奖照片被醒目地刊登在报纸的头版，让所有人都能看到。A. astonishingly令人惊讶地；B. transparently透明地；C. tremendously非常，极大地；D. prominently突出地，显著地。根据“so everyone could see it”可知，照片在头版以醒目的位置展示。 8. After the national anthem was played and all the guests had taken their seats, the host announced that the award presentation would ________ with a short video about the nominees. A. embrace B. bounce C. commence D. flash 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：国歌奏响、所有嘉宾落座后，主持人宣布颁奖典礼将以一段介绍提名者的短片拉开序幕。A. embrace拥抱，欣然接受；B. bounce弹跳；C. commence开始；D. flash闪光。根据上文the national anthem was played and all the guests had taken their seats以及下文the award presentation可知，句子表达颁奖典礼正式开启，commence表示开始，契合语境。 Ⅱ．完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Early in my teaching career, I heard countless make-believe stories for unfinished homework. Then I grew less trusting and quitted ___9___ any excuse. When the students at my new school didn’t finish homework, I never asked why. Instead, I just sighed loudly and recorded a zero in the grade book. I soon gained the ___10___ I thought I wanted. One day, Anthony approached me. “Could I talk to you?” he asked ___11___. “I know you said no excuse, but I don’t want you to think I’m ___12___ because I often come without my homework.” He then looked up at me for the first time. “It’s just that... my dad moved out, and my mom works at night, so I have to look after my little brothers. Often, they cry a lot, and it’s hard for me to ___13___...” I was about to ask why he didn’t tell me earlier when I suddenly realized why. So I changed the ___14___. “Would it help if you stayed after school and worked on it before you go home?” He nodded hard. Anthony became the first student in my after-school study session. Several days later, Terrell joined him, followed by Sandy and Randy. Before long, I had a room full of students. Their stories were not amusing, but all very ___15___: ·The power company ___16___ our lights because we couldn’t pay the bill. ·My dad says schoolwork is just a waste of time. ·We don’t have any paper in the house. I thus discovered not all kids come from families that are ___17___. Not all kids have a quiet bedroom with a desk and study light. Some don’t even have home. Most importantly, I learned that “I’ll listen” _____18_____ better than “No excuse!” 9. A. inventing B. finding C. accepting D. offering 10. A. reputation B. benefit C. experience D. praise 11. A. loudly B. shyly C. curiously D. eagerly 12. A. poor B. mean C. lazy D. weak 13. A. behave B. concentrate C. struggle D. compete 14. A. question B. tune C. process D. thought 15. A. complex B. moving C. cool D. real 16. A. broke down B. put out C. cut off D. shut out 17. A. disciplined B. peaceful C. traditional D. supportive 18. A. works B. feels C. understands D. controls 【答案】9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. D 18. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者作为老师，对任何没有交作业的学生都不接受理由，但是安东尼改变了她，让她开始学会倾听学生，也意识到倾听比不让孩子找借口更有效。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我变得不那么信任了，不再接受任何借口。A. inventing发明；B. finding发现；C. accepting接受；D. offering提供。根据上文“I heard countless make-believe stories for unfinished homework.”推知，作者不再接受任何借口。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很快就获得了我认为我想要的声誉。A. reputation名声，名誉；B. benefit益处，好处；C. experience经历，经验；D. praise表扬。根据上文“Instead, I just sighed loudly and recorded a zero in the grade book.”推知，学生不完成作业的情况有所改善，作者得到了自己想要的“好老师”的声誉。故选A。 【11题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我能和你谈谈吗？”他害羞地问。A. loudly大声地；B. shyly害羞地；C. curiously好奇地；D. eagerly迫切地。根据下文“because I often come without my homework.”可知，男孩常常没有完成作业，因此和老师说话时应该是害羞的。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我知道你说没有借口，但我不想让你认为我很懒，因为我经常不带作业来。”A. poor贫穷的，可怜的；B. mean吝啬的；C. lazy懒惰的；D. weak虚弱的，差的。根据“because I often come without my homework.”推知，男孩不希望作者因为他常常不做作业就认为他懒惰。故选C。 【13题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“只是……我爸爸搬出去了，我妈妈晚上工作，所以我必须照顾我的小弟弟。他们经常哭，我很难集中注意力……”A. behave举止；B. concentrate集中注意力；C. struggle挣扎；D. compete竞争。根据“Often, they cry a lot”可知，弟弟们的哭声让男孩很难集中注意力。故选B。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我改变了问题。A. question问题；B. tune调子；C. process进程，过程；D. thought想法。根据上文“I was about to ask why he didn’t tell me earlier when I suddenly realized why.”和下文“Would it help if you stayed after school and worked on it before you go home?”可知，作者改变了自己原本打算问男孩的问题。故选A。 【15题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她们的故事不再令人发笑，所有的都非常真实。A. complex复杂的；B. moving令人感动的；C. cool酷的，凉爽的；D. real真的。呼应上文“I heard countless make-believe stories for unfinished homework”可知，现在孩子们没有完成作业的原因都是真实的。故选D。 【16题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：因为我们付不起账单，电力公司把我们的灯关掉了。A. broke down出故障；B. put out熄灭；C. cut off切断；D. shut out把……关在门外。根据“because we couldn’t pay the bill.”可知，因为付不起电费，所以电力公司切断电源，即关了灯。故选C。 【17题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，我发现并非所有的孩子都来自可以给与他们帮助的家庭。A. disciplined遵守纪律的；B. peaceful和平的；C. traditional传统的；D. supportive给与帮助的，支持的。根据下文“Not all kids have a quiet bedroom with a desk and study light. Some don’t even have home.”推知，并非所有的孩子都来自可以给他们的学习提供帮助的家庭。故选D。 【18题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，我学会了“我会倾听”比“没有借口”更有效!A. works工作，起作用，凑效；B. feels感觉；C. understands理解；D. controls控制。根据上文讲述的故事可知，作者规定学生不能为没有完成作业找借口，后来通过倾听，孩子们告诉了作者真实的原因，而不再是乱编的谎话。由此可知，作者认为“我会倾听”比“没有接口”更有效。故选A。 Ⅲ．阅读理解（共两节，40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A From fitness tracking to sustainable fashion and home appliances, innovative products are changing the way we live. Here are three newly-launched items that combine smart technology with everyday practicality. ON TRACK Screenless fitness trackers are the new trend in wearable workout gear. The first new Fitbit since 2023 enters that market, which competitors like Whoop and Oura have muscled into in recent years. The Fitbit Air is considerably cheaper than those options, and integrates with Google’s updated Health app. The tracker covers basic metrics like heart rate, blood oxygen and motion data during activity and sleep. All data is processed in the app, with an AI coach available for an additional $7.99 per month. Google Fitbit Air £84.99, store.google.com GOOD TIMING If time is running out to meaningfully slow down climate change, here’s a watch to both monitor the countdown and also feel slightly better about it. Detrash is a British watchmaking brand using recycled ocean plastics, steel and fashion industry offcuts (边角料) to create its timepieces. The watches — from dress to dive styles — come in at under £500. Most lines are limited editions, so if you see one you like, time is probably running out. Detrash ‘Midnight Flamingo’ From £375, detrash.com PLASTIC PROGRESS Up to 500,000 tonnes of textile microplastics enter the oceans every year, much from washing machines. Now, effective microplastic filters (过滤器) are being introduced, including a 2025 Moonshot Prize winner. Developed by Bristol-based Matter, the Regen filter can be built into machines or bought separately and installed at home. The company claims 97% effectiveness. It needs emptying every six weeks, with no replacement filters required. Regen Microplastic Filter From £199, matter.industries 19. Which is one of the advantages of the Fitbit Air? A. It is more affordable. B. It works without any app. C. It offers free AI coaching. D. It gathers more health data. 20. What do the Detrash watch and the Regen filter have in common? A. They are offered in limited editions. B. They reduce environmental pollution. C. They are made from recycled plastics. D. They need regular replacement of parts. 21. In which section of a magazine would you probably find this passage? A. Smart Living. B. Wearable Tech. C. User Reviews. D. Green Innovations. 【答案】19. A 20. B 21. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍三款融合智能科技与实用性的创新日常生活产品。 【19题详解】 细节理解题。根据ON TRACK部分中“The Fitbit Air is considerably cheaper than those options, and integrates with Google’s updated Health app.(Fitbit Air比那些同类产品价格便宜不少，并且可以接入谷歌更新后的健康应用程序。)”可知，Fitbit Air的优势之一是价格更加实惠。 【20题详解】 细节理解题。根据GOOD TIMING部分中“Detrash is a British watchmaking brand using recycled ocean plastics, steel and fashion industry offcuts (边角料) to create its timepieces.(Detrash是一个英国制表品牌，使用回收海洋塑料、钢材以及时尚行业边角料来制作腕表。)”以及PLASTIC PROGRESS部分中“Up to 500,000 tonnes of textile microplastics enter the oceans every year, much from washing machines. Now, effective microplastic filters (过滤器) are being introduced, including a 2025 Moonshot Prize winner.(每年多达50万吨纺织品微塑料流入海洋，很大一部分来自洗衣机。现在有效的微塑料过滤器问世，其中包括一款2025登月奖获奖产品。)”可知，两款产品都有助于减少环境污染。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“From fitness tracking to sustainable fashion and home appliances, innovative products are changing the way we live. Here are three newly-launched items that combine smart technology with everyday practicality.(从健身追踪设备到可持续时尚以及家用电器，创新产品正在改变我们的生活方式。以下是三款新发布的、结合智能科技与日常实用性的产品。)”可知，文章介绍改变生活的智能日用产品，属于杂志的“Smart Living(智能生活)”板块。 B In early 2018, I was training for the London Marathon—the first and only marathon I would ever run in my life. I had treated myself to an expensive fitness watch that tracked my time, pace and splits. At the end of my final training run—an exhausting 21 miles (34km) —I threw myself down on the floor the moment I got home, only to see my watch had failed me. Twenty-one miles briefly flashed on the screen before it went blank and disappeared for ever. I screamed in pain. That tragic image of me crying on my living room floor pretty much sums up my relationship with exercise tracking technology. It can be a total joy to watch your data change on running apps as you get stronger and faster. I once got a kick out of it, but at some point it became a stick I used to punish myself. I would watch my pace, compare it with other people’s or criticize myself for not doing it 30 seconds faster. I never really recognized exercise tracking as a problem. It seemed to me that tracking was the route to self-improvement, and the point was to improve, wasn’t it? The point was to be better. In the past year, the concept of “being better” has taken on a different meaning. My mental health dropped, and things that were once easy such as brushing my teeth became unimaginably difficult. Being better stopped meaning getting faster or stronger. It meant taking care of myself and feeling some joy in a day. Once I started getting better, I reflected on what in my life made me happy and what did not. So, I stopped tracking my runs and simply deleted years’ worth of data that was once very important to me and now meant nothing. What has become very clear to me since I quit tracking my runs is that I genuinely love doing them. I run around my local park with a silly little smile on my face. I love it so much. But I do not love running quickly. I do not like races. I do not want to be pushed to be faster. Things I notice about my runs now include: how my legs feel and how my mind feels afterwards-clear and focused. I notice dogs, the smell of the wild plants along the canal and the sunshine (OK, wind and rain) on my face. I am better. Or sometimes I am worse. But either way I’m slowly plodding along, and that’s good enough. 22. The author cried after the final training run because she ________. A. had to stop working out B. became physically worn out C. lost the data on the watch D. felt a sharp pain in the legs 23. The author used to view exercise tracking as ________. A. a fun hobby for enjoyment B. a strong need for recognition C. a method of escaping punishment D. a way of being a better runner 24. What does “being better” mean to the author now? A. Getting pleasure out of winning races. B. Being more focused on her life goal. C. Freeing herself from demanding tasks. D. Improving her overall well-being. 25. What can we conclude from this passage? A. Adjustment brings happiness. B. Passion is the key to success. C. Sports contribute to happiness. D. Success equals self-improvement. 【答案】22. C 23. D 24. D 25. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经执着于通过运动跟踪数据来让自己变得更好，但这也导致作者变得不再快乐，于是作者删除了手表上的运动数据，开始专注于跑步时的感受，如今作者感到更加快乐了。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“At the end of my final training run—an exhausting 21 miles (34km) —I threw myself down on the floor the moment I got home, only to see my watch had failed me. Twenty-one miles briefly flashed on the screen before it went blank and disappeared for ever. I screamed in pain. That tragic image of me crying on my living room floor pretty much sums up my relationship with exercise tracking technology.(在最后一次训练结束时——一段令人筋疲力尽的21英里（34公里）长跑——我一回到家就一头倒在地上，结果发现手表坏了。21英里在屏幕上闪了一下，然后就消失了，永远消失了。我痛苦地尖叫起来。我在客厅地板上哭泣的悲惨画面基本上概括了我与运动追踪技术的关系)”可知，作者在最后一次训练后哭了，因为她丢失了手表上的数据。故选C。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“It can be a total joy to watch your data change on running apps as you get stronger and faster. I once got a kick out of it, but at some point it became a stick I used to punish myself. I would watch my pace, compare it with other people’s or criticize myself for not doing it 30 seconds faster. I never really recognized exercise tracking as a problem. It seemed to me that tracking was the route to self-improvement, and the point was to improve, wasn’t it? The point was to be better. (当你变得更强壮、更快时，看着你的数据在运行的应用程序上发生变化，这可能是一种完全的快乐。我曾经很喜欢它，但在某种程度上，它成了我用来惩罚自己的棍子。我会观察自己的速度，和别人比较，或者批评自己没有快30秒。我从未真正意识到运动追踪是个问题。在我看来，跟踪是自我提升的途径，而重点是提高，不是吗？关键是要变得更好)”可知，作者曾将运动跟踪视为成为更好的跑步者的一种方式。故选D。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Things I notice about my runs now include: how my legs feel and how my mind feels afterwards-clear and focused. I notice dogs, the smell of the wild plants along the canal and the sunshine (OK, wind and rain) on my face.(我现在跑步时注意到的事情包括：我的腿感觉如何，以及跑步后我的思维感觉如何——清晰而专注。我注意到狗，运河边野生植物的气味和我脸上的阳光（好吧，风雨）)”可知，“变得更好”现在对作者来说意味着改善她的整体幸福感。故选D。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，并根据第四段“In the past year, the concept of “being better” has taken on a different meaning. My mental health dropped, and things that were once easy such as brushing my teeth became unimaginably difficult. Being better stopped meaning getting faster or stronger. It meant taking care of myself and feeling some joy in a day. Once I started getting better, I reflected on what in my life made me happy and what did not. So, I stopped tracking my runs and simply deleted years’ worth of data that was once very important to me and now meant nothing.(在过去的一年里，“变得更好”的概念有了不同的含义。我的心理健康状况下降了，以前很容易的事情，比如刷牙，变得难以想象地困难。变得更好不再意味着变得更快或更强。这意味着要照顾好自己，在一天中感受一些快乐。一旦我开始好转，我就会反思生活中什么让我快乐，什么让我不快乐。所以，我不再跟踪我的跑步，只是删除了多年来对我非常重要的数据，而现在这些数据对我来说毫无意义)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者曾经执着于通过运动跟踪数据来让自己变得更好，但这也导致作者变得不再快乐，于是作者删除了手表上的运动数据，开始专注于跑步时的感受，如今作者感到更加快乐了。由此推知，我们可从文章得知调整带来快乐。故选A。 C A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion. Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.” What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean. Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence. 26. Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph? A. To explain the use of a software program. B. To show the cleverness of Project Debater. C. To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D. To emphasize the fairness of the competition. 27. What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Arguments. B. Doubts. C. Errors. D. Differences. 28. What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond? A. Create rules. B. Comprehend meaning. C. Talk fluently. D. Identify difficult words. 29. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Social interaction is key to understanding symbols. B. The human brain has potential yet to be developed. C. Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters. D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future. 【答案】26. B 27. C 28. B 29. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater的软件程序。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.(上周，在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为Project Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军Noa Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Noa Ovadia的目的是展示Project Debater的聪明。故选B。 【27题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.(尽管Project Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will no doubt be ironed out(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.(Hammond所指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串符号转换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对于计算机来说，意义是无关紧要的。)”可知，根据Hammond的说法，Project Debater不能理解意义，故选B。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations.(意义的产生是通过社会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)”可知，从最后一段我们能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。 【点睛】 D Genetic (基因的) variation is what allows a species to adapt as climate changes, new diseases arise, and novel enemies come on the scene. A slightly different genetic makeup can ensure at least some individuals will still do OK in times of crisis. But just as the number of species is declining worldwide, so, too, is the genetic diversity within many species. Until 2022, governments focused primarily on preventing species from disappearing. That year, however, when updating the United Nations’s Convention on Biological Diversity treaty (条约), participating countries agreed to start to look at genetic diversity as well. The first step toward slowing the trend is understanding it. Conservation biologist Catherine Gruéber from the University of Sydney and many colleagues gathered 882 papers written between 1985 and 2019 that tracked diversity changes within 628 individual species by analyzing their DNA at at least two time points. The team used complex statistical analyses to make the data comparable, enabling them to identify trends and correlate loss of genetic diversity with floods, habitat destruction, or other disturbances. They also tracked what happened in the face of various conservation measures, such as legally protecting a species or setting aside and protecting habitat. Two-thirds of the populations analyzed exhibited a decline in diversity, Gruéber and her colleagues report. That included species already known to be at risk, but it also included more common species. The implication is that those species may be less able to bounce back than expected during environmental change, says Alicia Mastertta-Yanes, a conservation geneticist. Some conservation efforts, such as ecological restoration or reducing pests (害虫), didn’t help much, the analysis found. But certain actions did seem to help, such as efforts to expand and protect habitat, introduce new individuals to declining populations, or connect two isolated populations. “It was pretty impressive that they were able to track what human disturbances and conservation actions had done,” says Moisés Alonso, an evolutionary geneticist who authored a preprint last year indicating that protecting existing habitat won’t be enough to prevent genetic diversity losses for many species. “We needed something like this,” he says. Conservation scientists emphasize the importance of continuing to monitor populations. But DNA methods aren’t always practical, some note. “It is relatively hard and expensive to measure genetic diversity directly,” Mastertta-Yanes says. To get around that, Mastertta-Yanes and others published a paper in Ecology Letters last year that used proxy (代替物) measures, such as population size, to evaluate genetic diversity in 919 species. The method, which only required about 3 hours of work per species, indicated that 58% of the species have populations that are too small to maintain their genetic diversity. The fact that these different approaches found declining diversity “makes both results more convincing,” Mastertta-Yanes says. “Finally, genetic diversity is getting the attention it deserves.” 30. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Challenges of collecting DNA data for diversity research. B. Findings on genetic diversity changes over the past 30 years. C. Research methods applied to track genetic diversity changes. D. Impacts of human disturbances on diversity of different species. 31. What can be learned from Grueber’s study? A. Habitat extension and population management preserve diversity. B. The diversity of common species tends to decline more severely. C. At-risk species better resist the impact of environmental changes. D. Ecosystem recovery and pest control drive population rise. 32. Mastertta-Yanes holds that DNA methods ________. A. will soon be replaced by proxy measures B. lack practicality due to their costs and complexity C. may get in the way of monitoring species populations D. require a large population size to achieve high accuracy 33. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To identify more effective methods applied in gene research. B. To advocate for using DNA methods exclusively in conservation efforts. C. To warn people of the threat posed by environmental changes on species. D. To draw people’s attention to effective measures against loss of diversity. 【答案】30. C 31. A 32. B 33. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现许多物种内部的遗传多样性也在减少，介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The first step toward slowing the trend is understanding it. Conservation biologist Catherine Gruéber from the University of Sydney and many colleagues gathered 882 papers written between 1985 and 2019 that tracked diversity changes within 628 individual species by analyzing their DNA at at least two time points. The team used complex statistical analyses to make the data comparable, enabling them to identify trends and correlate loss of genetic diversity with floods, habitat destruction, or other disturbances. They also tracked what happened in the face of various conservation measures, such as legally protecting a species or setting aside and protecting habitat.(减缓这一趋势的第一步是理解它。悉尼大学的保护生物学家凯瑟琳·格鲁姆萨伯和许多同事收集了1985年至2019年期间撰写的882篇论文，通过分析至少两个时间点的628个物种的DNA，追踪了它们的多样性变化。研究小组使用复杂的统计分析使数据具有可比性，使他们能够确定趋势，并将遗传多样性的丧失与洪水、栖息地破坏或其他干扰联系起来。他们还追踪了在面对各种保护措施时发生的情况，比如法律保护一个物种或留出和保护栖息地)”可知，第三段的主要内容是用于追踪遗传多样性变化的研究方法。故选C。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The team used complex statistical analyses to make the data comparable, enabling them to identify trends and correlate loss of genetic diversity with floods, habitat destruction, or other disturbances. They also tracked what happened in the face of various conservation measures, such as legally protecting a species or setting aside and protecting habitat.(研究小组使用复杂的统计分析使数据具有可比性，使他们能够确定趋势，并将遗传多样性的丧失与洪水、栖息地破坏或其他干扰联系起来。他们还追踪了在面对各种保护措施时发生的情况，比如法律保护一个物种或留出和保护栖息地)”以及第四段“Two-thirds of the populations analyzed exhibited a decline in diversity, Gruéber and her colleagues report.(格鲁曼和她的同事们报告说，三分之二的被分析数量表现出多样性的下降)”可知，研究告诉我们栖息地扩展和数量管理保护多样性。故选A。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The method, which only required about 3 hours of work per species, indicated that 58% of the species have populations that are too small to maintain their genetic diversity. The fact that these different approaches found declining diversity “makes both results more convincing,” Mastertta-Yanes says. “Finally, genetic diversity is getting the attention it deserves.”(该方法只需要每个物种3小时的工作，表明58%的物种种群太小，无法维持其遗传多样性。这两种不同的方法都发现了多样性的下降，这一事实“使两种结果都更有说服力，”马斯特塔-扬斯说。“最终，基因多样性得到了应有的关注。”)”可知，Mastertta-Yanes认为，由于成本和复杂性，DNA方法缺乏实用性。故选B。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Genetic (基因的) variation is what allows a species to adapt as climate changes, new diseases arise, and novel enemies come on the scene. A slightly different genetic makeup can ensure at least some individuals will still do OK in times of crisis. But just as the number of species is declining worldwide, so, too, is the genetic diversity within many species.(基因变异使一个物种能够适应气候变化、新疾病的出现和新敌人的出现。一个稍有不同的基因构成可以确保至少一些个体在危机时刻仍能安然无恙。但是，正如世界范围内的物种数量正在减少一样，许多物种内部的遗传多样性也在减少)”结合文章主要介绍了研究发现许多物种内部的遗传多样性也在减少，介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现。可知，这篇文章的目的是引起人们对防止多样性丧失的有效措施的注意。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When you get in a car, you expect it will have functioning brakes. When you pick up medicine at the drugstore, you expect it won’t be polluted. But it wasn’t always like this. The safety of these products was terrible when they first came to market. It took much research and regulation to figure out how users can enjoy the benefits of these products without getting harmed. ___34___ Social media risks are everywhere. The dangers that algorithms designed to maximize attention represent to teens have become impossible to ignore. Other product design elements, often called “dark patterns,” designed to keep people using for longer, also appear to tip young users into social media overuse. ___35___ They say it’s their users’ fault for engaging with harmful content in the first place, even if those users are children or the content is financial trickery. They also claim to be defending free speech. ___36___ Under the Digital Services Act, which came into effect in Europe this year, platforms are required to take action to stop the spread of illegal content and can be fined up to 6 percent of their global incomes if they don’t do so. If this law is enforced, maintaining the safety of their algorithms and networks will be the most financially sound decision for platforms to make. Despite these efforts, two things are clear. First, online safety problems are leading to real, offline suffering. Second, social media companies can’t, or won’t, solve these safety problems on their own. ___37___ Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thought were solved can pop right back up. As our society moves online to an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyone, even teens, can just “stay off social media” becomes less and less realistic. ___38___ A. And those problems aren’t going away. B. The current issues aren’t really about offline suffering. C. Platforms already have systems to remove violent or harmful content. D. Similarly, social media needs product safety standards to keep users safe. E. It’s time we should require social media to take safety seriously, for everyone’s sake. F. Internet platforms, however, have shifted blame on the consumers whenever criticized. G. Some authorities are taking steps to hold social media platforms accountable for the content. 【答案】34. D 35. F 36. G 37. A 38. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了社交媒体存在风险，平台常推卸责任，欧洲已实施相关法规，而线上安全问题引发线下痛苦，且社交媒体公司难以独自解决，人们也越来越难以远离社交媒体。 【34题详解】 根据上文的“When you get in a car, you expect it will have functioning brakes. When you pick up medicine at the drugstore, you expect it won’t be polluted. But it wasn’t always like this. The safety of these products was terrible when they first came to market. It took much research and regulation to figure out how users can enjoy the benefits of these products without getting harmed. (当你坐进一辆车的时候，你希望它的刹车能正常工作。当你在药店买药时，你希望它不会被污染。但事情并不总是这样的。这些产品刚上市时安全性很差。为了弄清楚用户如何在不受伤害的情况下享受这些产品的好处，需要进行大量的研究和监管)”可知，此段讲述的是其他产品都有安全标准，接着下文提到社交媒体的风险无处不在，说明社交媒体也需要产品安全标准来保护用户安全，D项(同样，社交媒体也需要产品安全标准来保证用户的安全)符合文意。故选D项。 【35题详解】 根据下文的“They say it’s their users’ fault for engaging with harmful content in the first place, even if those users are children or the content is financial trickery. They also claim to be defending free speech.(他们说，用户一开始接触有害内容是他们的错，即使这些用户是孩子，或者内容是金融骗局。他们还声称是在捍卫言论自由)可知，社交媒体将问题推卸给用户，F项(然而，每当受到批评时，互联网平台就把责任推给消费者)引出下文，符合文意。故选F项。 【36题详解】 根据下文的“Under the Digital Services Act, which came into effect in Europe this year, platforms are required to take action to stop the spread of illegal content and can be fined up to 6 percent of their global incomes if they don’t do so. If this law is enforced, maintaining the safety of their algorithms and networks will be the most financially sound decision for platforms to make.(根据今年在欧洲生效的《数字服务法案》(Digital Services Act)，平台必须采取行动阻止非法内容的传播，如果不这样做，将被处以最高相当于其全球收入6%的罚款。如果这项法律得到执行，维护其算法和网络的安全将是平台做出的最经济合理的决定)”可知，说明一些权威机构正在采取措施让社交媒体平台对其内容负责，G选项(一些当局正在采取措施，要求社交媒体平台对这些内容负责)符合文意。故选G项。 【37题详解】 根据上文的“Despite these efforts, two things are clear. First, online safety problems are leading to real, offline suffering. Second, social media companies can’t, or won’t, solve these safety problems on their own. (尽管做出了这些努力，但有两件事是明确的。首先，网络安全问题正在导致现实的、线下的痛苦。其次，社交媒体公司不能或不愿独自解决这些安全问题)可知，此段首先提到两个明确的事情，结合下文“Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thought were solved can pop right back up.(即使是我们认为已经解决的安全问题，比如网络欺凌，也会再次出现)”接着说明问题不会消失，A选项(这些问题不会消失)引出下文，符合文意。故选A项。 【38题详解】 根据上文的“Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thought were solved can pop right back up. As our society moves online to an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyone, even teens, can just “stay off social media” becomes less and less realistic.(即使是我们认为已经解决的安全问题，比如网络欺凌，也会再次出现。随着我们的社会网络化程度越来越高，任何人，甚至青少年，都可以“远离社交媒体”的想法变得越来越不现实)”，最后一段提到随着社会越来越依赖网络，让任何人远离社交媒体变得不太现实，所以为了每个人的利益，是时候要求社交媒体认真对待安全问题了，E项(为了每个人，现在是时候要求社交媒体认真对待安全问题了)总结上文。故选E项。 Ⅳ．阅读表达（共4小题；第39、40每小题2分，第41题3分，第42题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 What makes some people incapable of apologizing even when they’re clearly in the wrong? People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of low self-worth. When their delicate ego (自我) cannot absorb the blow of admitting they were wrong, their defense mechanisms kick in — they may place blame and even argue about basic facts to prevent the threat of having to lower themselves by offering an apology. Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people’s defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength. That’s because outwardly they appear to be tough individuals who refuse to back down. But this doesn’t show that they’re strong — it shows that they’re weak. Admitting that we’re wrong is emotionally uncomfortable and painful to our sense of self. In order to take responsibility and apologize, our self-worth needs to be strong enough to absorb that discomfort. Indeed, if our self-worth is higher and more stable, we can tolerate the temporary discomfort that such an admission involves — without the walls around our ego falling down. But if our self-worth is seemingly high but actually breakable, that discomfort can go through our defensive walls and score a direct hit to our ego. Indeed, the more fixed one’s defense mechanisms are, the more delicate the ego they’re protecting. The mistake we often make when faced with someone who’s habitually incapable of apologizing is to become angry and try to win our argument with them. But the sad reality is that we can never win. In these situations, the best we can do is make our points as calmly and as convincingly as we can and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive — like when they disagree with the facts, come up with silly excuses or turn to mean remarks. 39. Why can’t some people apologize? _______________________________________________________________________________ 40. What do many people mistakenly think of a non-apologizer’s defensiveness? _______________________________________________________________________________ 41. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. _______________________________________________________________________________ 42. In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what else can you do if your friend refuses to apologize to you? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】39. Because they often have deep feelings of low self-worth. 40. They think of it as a sign of psychological strength. 41. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive. 42. If they are not friends you interact with regularly, you can consider minimizing contact with them. But if they are close connections, you can accept their behavior and try to make your peace with them. 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了一些人即使明知是错的也无法道歉的原因。 【39题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of low self-worth.(无法道歉的人往往怀有深深的低自我价值感)”可知，有些人不能道歉是因为他们经常有很深的自卑。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people’s defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength.(不幸的是，我们中的许多人错误地将这些人的防御性理解为心理力量的标志)”可知，许多人错误地将不道歉者的防御性理解为心理强大的标志。 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“In these situations, the best we can do is make our points as calmly and as convincingly as we can and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive — like when they disagree with the facts, come up with silly excuses or turn to mean remarks.(在这种情况下，我们所能做的最好的就是尽可能冷静而有说服力地表达自己的观点，然后在争论变得无益时就退出——比如当对方不同意事实、提出荒谬的借口或转而发表带有敌意的言论时)”可知，错误的部分是“express your anger”，当你试图与一个不道歉的人争论时，最好的方法是尽可能冷静而有说服力地表达自己的观点，然后在争论变得无果时就退出。 【42题详解】 考查开放题。结合文章内容，言之有理且符合字数要求即可。可回答：如果他们不是你经常交往的朋友，可以考虑减少与他们的接触。但如果他们是亲近的人，你可以接受他们的行为，并努力与他们和解。 Ⅴ．语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式作答。 So the media is _____43_____ (large) responsible for giving people false ideas and unhealthy pictures, _____44_____ lead to misbehavior against other people, and can create a dangerous cycle among individuals as they attempt to do the same or even _____45_____ (bad) things to others. The sad reality is, no one is turning off their televisions or disconnecting from these influences. The only way programming of this sort will change is when people no longer buy into it, demand it, and watch it. 【答案】43. largely 44. which 45. worse 【解析】 【导语】本文讨论媒体传播不良内容带来的负面影响，指出只有观众不再追捧这类节目，现状才会改变。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：所以媒体在很大程度上要为向人们传递错误观念和不良画面负责，这会引发针对他人的不当行为，并在人群中形成危险的循环，人们试图效仿，甚至对他人做出更恶劣的事情。此处修饰形容词responsible，填副词largely，表示“在很大程度上”，作状语。 【44题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事，此空填关系代词which，在从句中作主语。 【45题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：同上。even后常接形容词或副词比较级，用来加强语气，表示程度更进一步；本句语境是行为变得更坏，此空填worse，作定语。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式作答。 The brush is retractable (可收起的), ____46____ a storage cover to keep both ends of your cleaner protected when you aren’t using it. That will also make sure it stays as neat as possible when it ____47____ (not use). All in all, it’s an incredibly useful piece of equipment when it comes to deep-cleaning your tech. It’s well worth ____48____ (learn) how to clean a laptop efficiently, then adding this budget-friendly gadget as a great maintenance (维护) option. 【答案】46. with 47. isn’t used 48. learning 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了一款可收纳的清洁刷的特点与用途，说明它是深度清洁电子设备的实用工具，值得大家学习高效清洁笔记本电脑的方法并入手这款平价小工具。 【46题详解】 考查介词。句意：这款刷子是可收纳的，配有一个收纳套，能在你不使用清洁工具的时候保护它的两端。此处用介词with表示“带有、配有”的含义，构成伴随状语说明刷子附带的配件，符合语境逻辑。 【47题详解】 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：这也能确保它在不被使用的时候尽可能保持整洁。主语it指代清洁刷，和动词use之间是被动关系，主句为一般现在时，时间状语从句需保持时态一致，用一般现在时的被动语态的否定形式。 【48题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：学习如何高效清洁笔记本电脑，然后入手这款平价小工具作为绝佳的维护选择是很值得的。固定搭配be well worth doing表示“很值得做某事”，其后需要接动名词形式作宾语。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式作答。 One day, when I was looking at the money that I had saved, I thought about the ____49____ (story) Mrs. Brown had told us, about Rob and all the other remarkable people she worked with through BHS. I decided that was ____50____ I wanted my money to go. As the last day of school approached, I ____51____ (wrap) the heart-shaped box full of dollars and coins. After all the other kids ____52____ (leave) on the last day of school, I handed Mrs. Brown the present. As she opened it, I told her that I wanted the money to go to BHS to help people like Rob. She broke into tears and hugged me tightly. 【答案】49. stories 50. where 51. wrapped 52. had left 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了作者把自己攒下的零花钱捐给BHS组织，用来帮助像Rob一样的人，老师深受感动。 【49题详解】 考查名词。句意：有一天，当我看着自己攒下的钱，想起布朗夫人给我们讲的故事——关于Rob以及她通过BHS共事的其他杰出的人。根据“about Rob and all the other remarkable people”可知，此处是指多个人的故事，填名词复数stories，作宾语。 【50题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：我决定那就是我想让我这笔钱去往的地方。“____ I wanted my money to go”是表语从句，go是不及物动词，that指代前一句的“BHS”，此空填where，表示“……的地方”。 【51题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：随着学期最后一天临近，我把装满美元和硬币的心形盒子包好。根据“approached”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，填动词过去式wrapped，意为“包装”。 【52题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：在最后一天，其他所有孩子离开之后，我把礼物交给了布朗夫人。“孩子们离开”发生在“我递交礼物”之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时，此空填had left。 Ⅵ．句子翻译（共3小题；第53、54题每小题3分，第55题4分，共10分） 53. 因为她，我的功课从来没有落下过，而且身体康复得也非常快。（fall behind）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Because of her, I have never fallen behind in my studies and have also recovered very quickly. 【解析】 【详解】“因为她”是原因状语，译为介词短语Because of her；“我的功课从来没有落下过，而且身体康复得也非常快”可理解为“在功课上，我从来没有落后过，而且恢复得很快”，主语“我”译为代词I，谓语“落下”用指定短语fall behind，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，用现在完成时态have fallen behind，“从来没有”修饰谓语，用副词never，状语“在功课上”译为介词短语in my studies；并列谓语“康复”译为动词recover，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，用现在完成时态have recovered，用并列连词and连接，状语“也非常快”译为also very quickly。 54. 他过去常常用许多实际的例子和简单的语言来解释那些看起来很难的事情。（used to）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He used to explain things that seemed difficult with many practical examples and simple language. 【解析】 【详解】主语为he；表示“过去常常做某事”短语为used to do sth.；表示“解释那些看起来很难的事情”翻译为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词things，译为explain things that seemed difficult；表示“用许多实际的例子和简单的语言”译为with many practical examples and simple language。 55. 如果你的梦想是成为最好，并登上领奖台，你最好全身心地投入到你的运动中去。（be committed to）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If your dream is to be the best and stand on the podium, you had better be committed to your sport. 【解析】 【详解】“如果你的梦想是成为最好，并登上领奖台”是条件状语从句，用连词If引导，从句主语“你的梦想”译为名词词组your dream，系动词“是”译为is，表语“成为最好，并登上领奖台”译为动词不定式短语to be the best and stand on the podium；“你最好全身心地投入到你的运动中去”是主句，主语“你”译为代词you，“全身心地投入”用指定短语be committed to，“最好全身心地投入”用had better加动词短语be committed to，宾语“你的运动”译为名词词组your sport。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $