10.第二部分 语法知识整合-专题一 名词-【加速度中考】2026年陕西中考备考加速度英语课堂精讲

第二部分 语法知识整合 编者语：此部分根据《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)》附录2语法项目表和《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》附录4语法项 目表设置内容，且在分析陕西近6年中考真题的基础上对语法点进行整合。利用陕西中考真题中完形填空、完成句子及短文填空三大 题型的基础题进行练习，力求帮助考生熟练掌握各语法，点。 专题一名词 (3~10分) 令语法知识理重点 -’s所有格 名词所有格 名词词义辨析(6年18考) of所有格 (6年5考) 名词 双重所有格 规则变化 (6年39考) 名词短语(6年2考) 不规则变化 可数名词 名词的数 分类 (6年13考) 专有名词(6年1考) 量化 不可数名词 令重点语法分点过 考点刀名词词义辨析(6年18考) C.safety D.communication 4.The in the bookshop is very friendly and 同类名词词义辨析[2025.32、40,2023.32、38,2022.32、 always helps customers find what they are looking 38,2021.32、33,2020.391 for. 不同类名词词义辨析[2025.33,2024.39.2023.31 A.worker B.teacher C.doctor D.writer 2022.25、34、37,2021.35,2020.32、38] 情境应用 5.Li Ziqi,a famous vlogger(视频博主)，helps people see the of keeping Chinese 1.If you travel at the speed of you traditions alive. can reach Pluto(冥王星)in about5.5 hours.. A.visitor B.value C.vacation D.violin A.light B.water C.air D.electricity 考点2名词的数(6年13考) 2.Nezha 2 is a big success all over the world,so ·可数名词 don't miss the to watch it on the big 可数名词有单数和复数之分：当表示单一的 screen. 概念时，前面通常用不定冠词a/an修饰；当表示 A.chance B.class C.center D.child 两个或两个以上的概念时，前面通常用表示复数 3.AI can improve between people and help 概念的限定词修饰，如数词（除one之外的基数 us understand each other better. 词)、代词(our,their,these,those)、不定代词 A.skills B.abilities (many,all,some,afew,few)[2022.25]等。 81 1.可数名词变复数的规则变化 2.可数名词变复数的不规则变化 变化规则 举例 变化规则 举例 mouth→mouths; 内部 变a为e型 man→men;woman→women student-→students; 元音 glove-gloves[2025.23]; 变o0为ee型 tooth→teeth:foot→feet 字母 email->emails[2024.67] 变化 其他 mouse→mice 一般情况下，在名 sport->sports[2023.56]; 词后直接加-s 词尾加-en或-ren ox→oxen;child-→children problem-problems[2023.62]; bag-→bags[2021.56]; 单复数同形 sheep→sheep;deer→deer hour-hours[2021.68]; 单复数同形 Chinese→Chinese 某国人 dog→d0gs[2020.56]; 变a为e Frenchman→Frenchmen 变复数 race→races[2020.671 词尾加-s American→Americans 以s,x,ch,sh等结 box→boxes;bus→buses; 尾的名词，在词尾 拓展 watch→watches;wish→wishes 名词作定语时数的变化 加-es (1)名词作定语变复数时，一般只将被修饰的 以“辅音字母+y”结 family-→families: 名词变复数。如：a boy student-→six boy students 尾的名词，先变y story-→stories (2)但当man或woman作定语变复数时，其 为i,再加-es 本身和被修饰的名词都要变复数。如：aman 以“元音字母+y” boy→boys;key→keys; doctormany men doctors 结尾的名词，直接 holiday-→holidays 在词尾加-s 不可数名词 以f或fe结尾的名 1.不可数名词的分类 wolf->wolves:knife>knives; 词，先将f或fe变 wife→wives:thief-→thieves 类别 举例 为v,再加-es hometown家乡[2025.58]；culture文化 以“辅音字母+o” tomato->tomatoes [2025.70];homework/schoolwork家庭 结尾的名词，有生 potato-→ootatoes; 抽 概念 象 作业[2022.56]；advice劝告，建议； 命的加-es;无生命 piano→pianos knowledge知识，学问 的加-s 词 以“元音字母+0” 学科 chemistry化学；geography地理 结尾的名词，在词 zoo→zoos;radio→radios 情感 sadness忧伤；joy欢乐，高兴 尾加-s 材料plastic塑料，塑胶；silk丝绸，丝织物 巧记口诀 饮食 milk牛奶；water水；soup汤；tea茶 可数名词变复数的规则变化 名 名词复数有规律，一般词尾加-s;辅音字母+y 自然 sand沙子；soil土壤；rain雨；snow雪； 型，变y为i加-es;ch,sh,s,x真有趣，大多都加 物质ol油，石油 -es;f,fe真小气，大多都是字母v来把它替，-es在 2.不可数名词的量化 后别忘记；字母0来真神奇，有生命加-s,没有生 不可数名词没有复数形式，只能通过量词短 命加-s。 语来量化。 82 情况 方法 举例 9.Lucy is drawing some and other animals on the paper with some colored pencils. a glass of milk 数词/不定冠词+ 10.For people in Shandong,Huabobo shows good 具体 一杯牛奶[2025.26]； 计量词+0f+不可 luck and people's for a good life. 的量 two bowls of rice 数名词 11.由于有促销活动，昨天很多女顾客在这家店 两碗米饭 买了衣服。 大概 表示数量的限定 some water一些水； Many bought clothes in 的量 词+不可数名词 a lot of money许多钱 this shop yesterday because there was a sale. 12.马克在桌上放了两杯牛奶和一些面包。 注意！ Mark put and some (1)只修饰不可数名词的修饰语：much,little, bread on the table. a little,a bit of,a good/great deal of,a large/small amount of等； 考点③名词所有格(6年5考) (2)既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词 的修饰语有：some,a lot of,lots of,plenty of, 类别 用法 举例 enough,most,any,all,the rest of等。 this person's email address[2024.64]; ◆常见的既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词 the kingfisher bird's/ 名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数 ①单数名词或集 birds'example[2023.68]; 体名词直接加's; chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 orange 橙子 橙汁 with other people's help ②复数名词，当以 体操； 报纸； [2022.65]; exercise 锻炼 paper 纸 s结尾时，加；不 练习 文件 his father's bike [2021 以s结尾时，加s experience 经历 经验 radio 收音机无线电 s所 67]; one of the world's top glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 room 房间 空间 有格 athletes[2020.62] 鱼的 次数； fish 鱼肉 time 时间 种类 倍数 ①表示几个人共 木头； iron 熨斗 铁 树林 同拥有时，在最后 Jim and Tom's room wood 木材 个名词后加-s; (共用)； light 电灯 光；光线 work 作品 工作 ②表示每个人各 Jim's and Tom's rooms 情境应用 自拥有时，在每个 (各自) 名词后加-s sheep tooth advice wish tomato 6.A dentist is a person whose job is to help people of所 of+名词 a map of China; with their problems. 有格 (一般指无生命的) the name of the film 7.If you have any problems,feel free to ask your of+-’s名词所有格 a friend of her mother's parents for some 双重 所有格 of+名词性物主 8.I bought two kilos of and a basket a word of hers 代词 of eggs at the market. 83 拓展 作影片中出现过。 (1)表示“店铺”“某人的家”“诊所”“办公 This man is a famous actor and he has appeared 室”等的名词所有格后，一般省略被修饰的地点名 in many popular 词。如：at the doctor's在诊所 (2)节日的表达：Father'sDay父亲节；Mother's 考点⑤专有名词(6年1考) Day母亲节；New Year'sDay新年；Children'sDay儿 类别 举例 童节；Women'sDay妇女节；Teachers'Day教师节 (3)“基数词+连字符+可数名词单数”一般用 表示人名、头衔 Mike迈克 作定语修饰名词，相当于“基数词+名词所有格”。 或尊称 Doctor Black布莱克医生/博士 如：a five-year plan=a five years'plan Shaanxi History Museum陕西 历史博物馆[2020.59 表示团体或机构 情境应用 the United Nations联合国 cat twin I Bank of China中国银行 13.Tomorrow is the fourteenth birthday Journey to the West《西游记》 表示书籍、报刊、 and all their friends will come to the party. Time《时代周刊》 电影等 14.I am so excited because a friend of Kung Fu Panda《功夫熊猫》 will visit me this Sunday. Monday星期一 表示星期、月份 15.The old lady has two pets so you can find the May五月 节日 and the dog's hair on the sofa. National Day国庆节 16.房间的温度太低了以至于他们不得不穿着毛 England英格兰 表示国名、地名、 衣和大衣。 Chinatown唐人街 山河名 The temperature is so low that Qomolangma珠穆朗玛峰 they have to wear sweaters and coats. 由普通名词构成 the Great Wall长城 的专有名词 the Palace Museum故宫博物院 考点④名词短语(6年2考) 法意 名词+名词 (1)由普通名词构成的专有名词，一般要加 country music乡村音乐 the。知：the Changjiang River长江 形容词+名词 (2)专有名词的首字母都要大写，但虚词一般不 personal/private information私人信息[2022.6o] 大写，如：the Spring Festival春节；当专有名词用其缩 red cup/glass红色的杯子[2021.57] 写时，所有字母均大写，如：H0世界卫生组织。 (更多名词短语见《晨读15分钟》P75) 情境应用 情境应用 17.原创习近平主席说：“民族英雄是中华民族 20.国庆节假期期间，成千上万的游客在中国 的脊梁。” 旅游。 President Xi Jinping said,"All Thousands of tourists traveled around China are the backbone of the Chinese nation." during the holiday. 18.海伦的同学在她返校时非常热烈地欢迎了她。 21.西安在古代曾是丝绸之路的起点。 Helen's classmates gave her a very Xi'an was the starting point of when she returned to school. in ancient times. 19.这个人是一位著名演员，他在很多流行的动 84 孕语法专题情境练 I.完形填空基础题 of Folk Songs”. 1.Mr.Wu is a teacher with a lot of and he 2.[2025铁一中五模]锻炼能帮助我们拥有强健的 teaches very well. 体魄，它不仅赏心悦目而且赋予我们追逐梦想 A.experiences B.experience 的机会。 C.interests D.interest Exercise can help us have a and 2.Some new factories will be built for the of it not only looks good but also gives us the chance this type of new energy car. to follow our dreams. A.position B.population 3.[2025陕师大附中四模]如今，越来越多的家庭 C.production D.pronunciation 选择周末去公园里。 3.There are many chickens on my farm,so we often Today, choose to have some delicious to eat. spend their weekends in parks. A.fishes B.fish 4.水污染给海洋生物造成了很大的伤害。 C.chickens D.chicken Water pollution does to 4.Lily is a friend of They often go shopping marine life. together. 5.妇女节在每年的3月8日。 A.Mary's mother B.Mary's mother's of is on the eighth of March C.Mary mother's D.mother's of Mary every year. 5.In the children's hospital, is the most Ⅳ.原创短文填空 welcomed doctor and he is a very good person. 人与自然—环境保护 A.doctor Peng B.Doctor Peng day zoo mother beauty place bird C.Doctor peng D.doctor peng There are not many whooping cranes(美洲鹤) Ⅱ.短文填空基础题 in the world.People have to protect these friend Frenchman strawberry cranes and help them to live safely. knife tree minute There are some special 2. in North 1.I like very much and my mom often America.People there protect the 3. makes strawberry milkshakes for me. eggs.They then take care of the baby cranes. 2.Though ancient Chinese didn't have Tree Planting These cranes do not have 4. to Day,they used to plant around the follow,so they follow a scientist who wears a crane Tomb-sweeping Day. suit and they walk with a small plane.They listen 3.This story is Alice and her best secret to the plane,too.Soon they are happy to fly with and they have kept it for years. the plane-they think it is their mother! 4.Westerners eat with and forks while Before the weather gets cold,cranes have to Chinese use chopsticks. fly to warm 5..They do not have a mother 5.There are four Americans and five in the to teach them where to go,so they follow a plane. group. Some journeys last more than 70 6.! 6.My school is near my home and it's only about ten And in spring,when the weather is warm walk. again,they fly back on their own.These birds can Ⅲ.完成句子 then teach a new generation of young cranes where 1.[2025陕西58]它拥有“民歌之乡”的美誉。 to go next year. It has the name of the 一素材选自National Geographic 请完成《分层作业》(P55~P56)中的习题 3》》 85第二部分 语法知识整合 专题一名词 重点语法分点过 1.A 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.teeth 7.advice 8.tomatoes 9.sheep 10.wishes 11.women customers 12.two glasses of milk 13.twins'14.mine 15.cat's 16.of the room 17.national heroes 18.warm welcome 19.action movies 20.National Day 21.the Silk Road 语法专题情境练 I.1~5 BCDAB II.1.strawberries 2.trees 3.friend's 4.knives 5.Frenchmen 6.minutes' II.1.Town/Home/Hometown 2.strong body 3.more and more families 4.a lot of/great harm 5.Women's Day IV.1.beautiful 2.zoos 3.birds'4.mothers 5.places 6.days 座度考 8