内容正文:
《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订版)》新增单词
“单句语法填空”专练(二)
阅读下列句子,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The old man would chip ________ while we were speaking.
2. He chipped________ a piece of wood from the branch.
3. Can you help me with these ________ (chore)? I’m feeling too tired to do them myself.
4. Making pasta(意大利面) by hand with a rolling pin can be ________ real chore.
5. Students should help parents do ________ chores after school.
6. With rich skills ________ his command, he managed to repair the broken machine.
7. The army is ________the command of General Smith.
8. The officer commanded that the wounded soldiers_______(send) to hospital as soon as possible.
9. The boss in the end decided to give the position to whoever he believed had ________ good command of Chinese.
10. The captain commanded us ________ (gather) on the deck.
11. “News of victories keeps pouring in as our army advances,” the ________ (command) said.
12. He looked relaxed and totally ________ command of himself.
13. She took command ________the project and ensured its successful completion.
14. One team has already built up a ________ (command) lead.
15. He used a pair of ________ (compass) to draw a circle.
16. The teacher wants the children to feel confident ________ asking questions when they don't understand.
17. Mary is very conscientious in doing her work, so her colleagues all have ________ (confident) in her.
18. Can we ________ (confident) rely on him to get the job done?
19. He became deeply conscious ________having failed his parents.
20. He ________(conscious) tried to improve his English pronunciation.
21. The accident left him with no ________ (conscious) of time or place.
22. Many of our daily actions are ________(conscious), such as breathing.
23. I was vaguely conscious ________ I was being watched.
24. ________ (controversial), some experts hold that this new technology will do more harm than good.
25. ________(controversial) arose over the use of the chemicals on crops.
26. The committee chose an________(controversial) topic for the debate to avoid fierce argument.
27. Please convey my apologies ________ your wife.
28. He sees himself as a ________ (convey) of positive values among teenagers.
29. She did not wish to convey ________they were all at fault.
30. The ________(convey) of medical supplies to remote villages requires careful planning.
参考答案与解析
1. in【解析】句意:我们在谈话时,那老头儿总要插嘴。“chip in”是固定短语,意为“插话,插嘴;凑份子”。又如:Sorry to chip in, but did you say Mary was coming soon? 对不起插一下话,我听你说玛丽不久要来,对吗?/ Let’s all chip in for a birthday present for Mary. 我们大家出钱买生日礼物送给玛丽。故填in。
2. off【解析】句意:他从树枝上掰下了一块木头。“chip off”是固定短语,意为“切下,掰下,蹭下”。故填off。
3. chores【解析】句意:你能帮我做这些琐事吗?我感觉太累了,自己做不了。名词“chore”意为“ 家庭杂务; 日常琐事,例行工作;令人感到厌烦或无聊的琐事;乏味无聊的工作”, 是可数名词。根据空前的“these”可知,设空处宜填入提示词的复数形式。故填chores。
4. a【解析】句意:用擀面杖擀意大利面会是个非常枯燥乏味的活儿。“a real chore”意为“真正的苦差事;非常枯燥乏味的活儿”。故填a。
5. the【解析】句意:学生们放学后应该帮助父母做一些家务。“do the chores”是固定表达,意为“干杂活;做家务”。又如:Doing the chores can be a good way to teach children responsibility. 做家务可以是教孩子责任感的好方法。故填the。
6. at【解析】句意:凭借熟练掌握的各项技能,他成功修好这台故障机器。“at one’s command” 意为“可供某人使用(支配)”或“听从某人的命令”。该短语强调某人拥有某种资源、技能或能力,并且可以随时调用。又如:I’m at your command—what would you like me to do? 我听从您的吩咐,您要我做什么?故填at。
7. under【解析】句意:这支军队由史密斯将军指挥。“under the command of”是固定表达,意为“被……指挥;在……的指挥下”。又如:Under the command of its host, the loyal hunting dog is wandering in bundles of prosperous weeds. 在主人的指挥下,那只忠实的猎狗在茂盛的野草丛中徘徊。 故填under。
8. (should) be sent【解析】句意:军官命令尽快将受伤的士兵送往医院。分析句子结构, 句中that从句是动词command后的宾语从句。command用作动词,意为“命令,指令”,其后接that引导的宾语从句时,从句中动词用虚拟语气“should +动词原形”,should可以省略。本句中send表达的动作与句子主语“the wounded soldiers”之间是逻辑上的动宾(被动)关系,因此谓语动词需用被动语态,即“should be sent”,should可以省略。故填 (should) be sent。
9. a【解析】句意:老板最后决定把这个职位让给他认为会说中文的人。“have a good command of...”是固定短语,意为“熟练掌握……;能自由应用……”。又如:We work hard at English so as to have a good command of it. 为了精通英语,我们在学习英语上下苦功夫。故填a。
10. to gather【解析】句意:船长命令我们在甲板上聚集。“command sb. to do...”是固定搭配,意为“命令某人做某事”。又如:We command you to leave her here. 我们命令你把她留在这里。故填to gather。
11. commander【解析】句意:这位指挥官说:“随着我们军队的前进,胜利的消息源源不断。”分析句子以及结合句意可知,设空处宜填入“commander”表示“(尤指)司令官,指挥官,长官;负责人”。又如:The commander had been forewarned of the attack. 指挥官预先得到敌人要发动袭击的警告。故填commander。
12. in【解析】句意:他看起来很轻松,有绝对的自信完全能控制住自己。“in command of”是固定表达,意为“由……统帅(指挥);(某人)掌控……”。又如:For the first time in years, she felt in command of her life. 多少年来第一次,她觉得生活掌握在自己的手里。故填in。
13. of【解析】句意:她接管了这个项目,并确保了其成功完成。“take command of...”是固定短语,意为“接管;指挥;控制”。又如:Mr. Baker would take command of the campaign.贝克先生将负责这次运动。故填of。
14. commanding【解析】句意:有一个队已经遥遥领先。分析句子,设空处作定语,修饰空后的名词lead。此处应用commanding意为“处于控制或支配地位的”。故填commanding。
15. compasses【解析】句意:他用圆规画了一个圆。compass作“圆规;两脚规”解时,通常用复数形式compasses。表达“一副圆规”一般说“a pair of compasses”;“三副圆规”一般说“three pairs of compasses”。温馨提示:口语中表达“一副圆规”也可说“a compass”;“三副圆规”也可说“three compasses”。故填compasses。
16. of / about【解析】句意:教师要求孩子们遇到不懂的问题就大胆提问。“be / feel confident about/of (doing) sth.”是固定搭配,意为“对(做)某事感到自信”。又如:The Prime Minister appeared relaxed and confident of (about) winning an overall majority. 首相显得很镇定,对赢得压倒多数的支持充满了自信。/ At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he gave in as she was so confident about (of) her skills. 起初,罗伯特不让女儿去潜水,但最终他还是屈服了,因为她对自己的技能很有信心。故填of / about。
17. confidence【解析】句意:玛丽对工作一丝不苟,同事们都很信任她。分析句子结构可知,设空处作have的宾语。因此此处应该填入提示词的名词形式。“have confidence in...”是固定短语,意为“对……有信心;信赖……”。又如:I have confidence in the ability of the players. 我对于球员们的能力充满信心。故填confidence。
18. confidently【解析】句意:我们能有把握地相信他会把这项工作完成吗?分析句子结构,设空处宜填入提示词的副词形式confidently意为“自信地,满怀信心地”,修饰谓语动词“rely on”。故填confidently。
19. of【解析】句意:他深深感到自己辜负了父母的期望。“be conscious of (doing) sth. / sb.”是固定表达,意为“知道(察觉到,注意到)(做)某事”。又如:Now people become increasingly conscious of the importance of intellectual property. 现在人们越来越意识到知识产权的重要性。故填of。
20. consciously【解析】句意:他有意识地努力改善自己的英语发音。分析句子结构,设空处宜填入提示词的副词形式consciously意为“有意识地”,修饰谓语动词“tried”。故填consciously。
21. consciousness【解析】句意:事故让他完全失去了对时间与地点的感知。分析句子,根据空前的形容词no可知,设空处宜填入提示词的名词形式consciousness意为“意识,看法”。又如:I can’t remember any more—I must have lost consciousness. 我什么都想不起来了,我当时一定是失去了知觉。故填consciousness。
22. unconscious【解析】句意:我们日常的许多行为都是无意识的,比如呼吸。分析句子, 设空处作表语。结合句意可知,此处应填入提示词的反义词 unconscious意为“无意识的,未注意的”。温馨提示:该词还可意为“无知觉的,昏迷的,不省人事的”。如:She fell unconscious after the accident. 她在事故后失去了知觉。故填unconscious。
23. that【解析】句意:我隐隐约约地觉察到有人在监视我。分析句子,空后是一个完整的句子, 句中不缺任何成分,因此设空处宜填入连接词that。又如:He was conscious that he was talking rather too much. 他意识到自己说得太多了。故填that。
24. Controversially【解析】句意:有争议的是,一些专家认为这项新技术弊大于利。分析句子结构可知,设空处宜填入提示词的副词形式作状语,修饰整个句子。因为所填词位于句首,需要大写首字母。又如: Controversially, the school decided to cancel the traditional sports meeting. 有争议的是,这所学校决定取消传统运动会。故填Controversially。温馨提示:副词controversially还可以用来作状语,修饰谓语动词。如:The old building was controversially pulled down to make room for a shopping mall. 这座老建筑颇具争议地被拆除,用来修建商场。
25. Controversy【解析】句意:对庄稼使用化学品的问题引起了争论。分析句子,设空处作主语,应该填入提示词的名词形式controversy(争议;辩论;争论)。因为所填词位于句首,需要大写首字母。故填Controversy。
26. uncontroversial【解析】句意:委员会选了一个没有争议的辩题,避免激烈争论。分析句子,根据空后的名词topic可知,设空处所填词作定语,修饰topic。结合本句语境“to avoid fierce argument(为了避免激烈争论)”可知,空白处宜填入提示词的反义词uncontroversial意为“没有争议的;无可争辩的”。又如:This statement sounds uncontroversial, yet many people ignore it in daily life. 这个说法听起来毫无争议,但很多人在日常生活中却忽视它。故填uncontroversial。
27. to【解析】句意:请向你的妻子转达我的歉意。“convey sth. to sb.”是固定短语,意为“把某物传送(传达,传递)给某人”。又如:He was sent to convey a message to the U.N. Secretary General. 他被派去向联合国秘书长传达一条信息。故填to。
28. conveyor / conveyer【解析】句意:他把自己看作青少年群体中正向价值观的传递者。根据空前的不定冠词a和空后的介词of可知,设空处宜填入提示词的名词形式conveyor (conveyer) 意为“传递者,传送者,运送者,传达者,转让者; 传送带;运输设备,传送装置”。又如:Parts are moved to the next workshop by a conveyor (conveyer). 零件由传送带输送到下一个车间。故填conveyor / conveyer。
29. that【解析】句意:她不愿表示出他们人人都有错。分析句子,空后是一个完整的句子, 句中不缺任何成分,因此设空处宜填入连接词that引导宾语从句。又如:“I try to convey that beauty is about self-respect, not about impossible ideals,” she says. “我尝试着表达美丽和自尊息息相关,而不是那些个遥不可及的梦想。”她说道。故填that。
30. conveyance【解析】句意:将医疗物资运送至偏远乡村需要周密的安排。根据空前的定冠词the以及空后的介词of可知,设空处宜填入提示词的名词形式“conveyance”意为“运输;运送”。温馨提示:该词除了可以用来表示“”运输(运送)有形的实物,还可以用来表示“传递情感”。如:Facial expressions serve as a convenient conveyance of hidden emotions. 面部表情是传递内心情感的便捷载体。故填conveyance。
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