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我撰写的《普通高中英语课程标准(2025年修订版)》新增单词“单句语法填空”专练(一)稿件是根据下面这本书中的“词汇表”撰写的。我的这个标题可能在说法上有欠妥之处。应该是:《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2025年日常修订版)》新增单词“单句语法填空”专练(一)。后续的稿件我按照这个题目进行撰写。
《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2025年日常修订版)》新增单词
“单句语法填空”专练(一)
阅读下列句子,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. These specially-made biscuits are meant for special occasions such as birthdays, weddings, and ________ (anniversary).
2. I downloaded a new ________ (apply) to help me organize my schedule.
3. Some of these ________ (bacterium) are actually good for you.
4. A fever usually means your body is responding to a viral or ________ (bacteria) infection.
5. The newspapers gave a very ________ (bias) report of the meeting.
6. It was not helpful for doctors to be biased ________ fat patients.
7. When she saw the broken toy, she sighed and ________(bin) it.
8. He feared their conversation ________ (bug) and lowered his voice at once.
9. Susan started to bug ________ when she heard a noise in the bushes.
10. ________ (bully) can create a negative atmosphere in classrooms.
11. As he walked into the classroom with that funny looking hat, everyone burst out ________ (laugh).
12. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst ________ tears. No one in the office knew why she was so angry.
13. Even experienced athletes still have ________ (butterfly) in their stomach before an important match.
14. He was very cautious ________ committing himself to anything.
15. She climbed the staircase ________ (cautious), holding fast to the rail(扶手).
16. We must express our opinions ________ caution because words can hurt.
17. Many traditional ________ (ceremony) have been kept alive by local people for hundreds of years.
18. As we are old friends, it is totally unnecessary to stand ________ ceremony.
19. He represented the nation on ________ (ceremony) occasions
20. The ambassador prepared a ________ (ceremony) reception for the guests.
21. He ________ (ceremonious) burnt the offending documents.
22. The young dancers looked so ________ (charm) in their beautiful clothes that we took masses of pictures of them.
23. Mrs. Chen’s soft words charmed me ________ rethinking the meaning of volunteer work.
24. She walked straight toward me and smiled ________ (charming) at me.
25. He said he would be ________ (charm) if someone gave him some flowers.
26. Those new pills the doctor gave me worked ________ a charm.
27. Even as a young boy he knew how to turn ________ the charm when he wanted something.
28. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, which he remembers starting as early as his ________ (child).
29. It sounded________(child) to imagine I could win the elders’ praise with songs and stories.
30. The ________ (child) couple decided to adopt a little girl from the orphanage(孤儿院).
参考答案与解析:
1. anniversaries【答案与解析】句意:这些特制的饼干是为生日、婚礼和纪念日等特殊场合准备的。根据空白处前的“birthdays和weddings”可知,此处宜填入提示词的复数形式, 表示很多“纪念日”。故填anniversaries。
2. application【解析】句意:我下载了一个新的应用程序来帮助我安排日程。根据空前的形容词new可知,此处宜填入提示词的名词形式application。此处“application”意为“应用程序”,缩写为app。故填application。
3. bacteria【解析】句意:实际上,这些细菌有的对你有益。根据空前的“these”可知,设空处宜填入提示词的复数形式。bacterium(细菌)的复数形式不规则,是bacteria。故填bacteria。
4. bacterial【解析】句意:发烧通常意味着你的身体对病毒或者细菌感染的抵抗反应。根据空后的名词“infection”可知,设空处宜填入提示词的形容词形式bacterial。“bacterial”意为“细菌的”。又如:Bacterial growth can be rapidly increased in warm and wet conditions. 在温暖潮湿的环境中,细菌的繁殖速度会大大加快。故填bacterial。
5. biased【解析】句意:报纸对这次会议的报道带有明显的片面性。根据空后的名词“report”以及空前的形容词very可知,设空处宜填入提示词的形容词形式作定语。bias的形容词形式是“biased”意为“有偏见的,倾向性的,片面的”。故填biased。
6. toward(s) /against【解析】句意:医生对肥胖病人有偏见是没有好处的。be biased toward(s) /against sb. 是固定搭配,意为“对某人有偏见的”。又如:He seemed a bit biased against women in my opinion. 我认为他好像对妇女有点偏见。故填toward(s) /against。
7. binned【解析】句意:看到坏掉的玩具,她叹了口气,把它扔掉了。分析句子,句中and连接两个并列的谓语动词,故设空处宜填入提示词的一般过去时形式。“bin”用作动词,意为“ 扔掉;丢弃”,其过去式、过去分词和现在分词形式分别为:binned, binned和binning。故填binned。又如:Realizing the essay was poorly organized, he binned it and began to rewrite. 意识到文章结构混乱,他把稿子丢掉,重新动笔。故填binned。
8. was bugged【解析】句意:他担心他们的谈话被窃听,立刻压低了声音。分析句子结构可知,句中and连接两个并列的谓语动词。此处“bug”用作动词,意为“窃听(谈话);在(某处)装窃听器”。又如:They were bugging his telephone conversations. 他们在窃听他的电话交谈。因为bug表达的动作与句子主语“their conversation”之间是逻辑上的被动关系,再结合“lowered”是一般过去式,故填was bugged。
9. out【解析】句意:苏珊听到灌木丛中的声音时吓呆了。“bug out”是固定短语,此处意为“惊呆了”。温馨提示:该短语还可意为“(尤指眼睛)瞪圆了;(尤指危险来临之时)撤离,逃生”。如:Their eyes were bugging out of their heads when they saw it. 他们看到它时眼珠都要瞪掉了。We should bug out now before it’s too late. 我们现在就应该撤离,以免为时太晚。故填out。
10. Bullying【解析】句意:霸凌行为可能在教室里制造消极氛围。分析句子结构可知,设空处作主语。设空处宜填入提示词的动名词形式作主语,表示一个普通的、一般的行为或习惯性的行为。因为所填词位于句首,应该大写首字母。故填Bullying。
11. laughing【解析】句意:当他戴着那顶滑稽的帽子走进教室,所有的人看见了都捧腹大笑。“burst out laughing”是固定短语,意为“突然大笑起来”(与短语burst into laughter含义相同)。故填laughing。
12. into【答案与解析】句意:Cindy重重地关上门,放声大哭。办公室里没有人知道她为什么这么生气。“burst into tears”是固定短语,意为“突然大哭起来;放声大哭”,相当于burst out crying。故填into。
13. butterflies【解析】句意:即使经验丰富的运动员,大赛前依旧会感到紧张。“have / get butterflies (in one’s stomach) ”意为“(做某事以前)心慌,紧张”。又如:She got butterflies in her stomach as she waited for the interview result. 等待面试结果时,她内心紧张不安。
14. about【解析】句意:他谨小慎微,从不轻易作出承诺。“be cautious about (doing)...”是固定搭配,意为“对(做某事)……小心谨慎”。又如:Keller is cautious about making predictions for the success of the program. 凯勒对预测该计划的成功持谨慎态度。The governments are very cautious about setting a new policy and make no decision until they are quite sure it is the right one. 政府在制定新政策时非常谨慎,在确信政策正确之前不会做出决定。
15. cautiously【解析】句意:她紧握扶手,小心翼翼地爬上楼梯。分析句子结构可知,设空处宜填入提示词的副词形式修饰谓语动词climbed。故填cautiously。
16. with【解析】句意:发表观点时必须谨慎,因为语言会伤害别人。“with caution”是固定搭配,意为“小心谨慎地”。又如:He approached the wild animal with caution. 他谨慎地接近那只野生动物。故填with。
17. ceremonies【解析】句意:许多传统仪式被当地人延续了数百年。ceremony作“典礼;仪式”解时,是可数名词。根据句中的many可知,设空处宜填入提示词的复数形式。故填ceremonies。
18. on【解析】句意:都是老朋友,大可不必如此客气。“stand on ceremony”是固定短语,意为“讲究客套,拘于礼节(坚持按照礼节或正式行为做事,通常用于否定句)”。又如:Please sit down and make yourself comfortable. We don’t stand on ceremony here. 请坐,随意一些,我们在这儿不讲究礼节。故填on。
19. ceremonial【解析】句意:他在正式场合代表国家。分析句子结构可知,设空处宜填入提示词的形容词形式ceremonial作定语,修饰occasions。ceremonial意为“礼仪的;礼节的;用于礼仪的;正式的”。故填ceremonial。
20. ceremonious【解析】句意:大使为来宾准备了一场隆重的接待。分析句子结构可知,设空处宜填入提示词的形容词形式ceremonious作定语,修饰reception。ceremonious意为“ 隆重的; 讲究礼仪的”。故填ceremonious。温馨提示:ceremonial和ceremonious均是ceremony的派生形容词,但是它们有区别。ceremonial意为“与礼仪、礼节有关的”。如:The ceremonial dance performed during the festival was a highlight of the event. 在节日期间举行的那场仪式性舞蹈把此次活动推向高潮。ceremonious意为“仪式隆重的,讲究礼仪的或郑重其事的、礼节过分的”。如: His ceremonious manner made everyone feel uncomfortable.他过分讲究礼节的态度让每个人都感到不舒服。故填ceremonious。
21. ceremoniously【解析】句意:他郑重其事地把那些令人讨厌的文件烧了。分析句子结构可知,设空处宜填入提示词的副词形式修饰谓语动词burnt。故填ceremoniously。
22. charming【解析】句意:年轻的舞者穿着漂亮的衣服看起来很迷人,我们给他们拍了很多照片。分析句子可知,设空处作表语,宜填入提示词的形容词形式charming。“charming”意为“令人着迷的;迷人的;吸引人的”。又如:The cottage is tiny, but it’s charming. 这间村舍虽小,却十分迷人。故填charming。
23. into【解析】句意:陈奶奶温柔的话语打动了我,让我重新思考志愿工作的意义。“charm sb. into doing sth.”是固定搭配,意为“用魅力说服(哄劝)某人做某事;靠魅力打动某人使其做某事”。又如:The salesman charmed customers into buying more products than they needed. 这位推销员凭借口才魅力,劝顾客购买超出需求的商品。故填into。
24. charmingly【解析】句意:她径直向我走来,对我迷人地微笑。分析句子,设空处宜填入提示词的副词形式修饰谓语动词smiled。故填charmingly。
25. charmed【解析】句意:他说如果有人送他花的话,他会感到非常高兴的。分析句子结构可知,设空处作表语,宜填入提示词的形容词形式charmed。“charmed”意为“高兴的,乐意的”。故填charmed。
26. like【解析】句意:医生给我开的那些新药真是药到病除。“work like a charm”是固定短语,意为“圆满成功,完全奏效”。又如:The new sales program has worked like a charm.
新的销售计划产生了神奇的效果。故填like。
27. on【解析】句意:即使在他还是个小男孩的时候,他就知道在想要什么东西时如何施展魅力。“turn on the charm”是固定搭配,意为“施展魅力”。故填on。又如:When she needs a lift or money to buy clothes, a girl will turn the charm on her father. 当需要帮助或者要钱买衣服时,女儿会向父亲撒娇。故填on。
28. childhood【解析】句意:世界银行行长表示,他对中国充满热情,他记得这种热情从孩提时代就开始了。分析句子可知,设空处宜填入childhood表示“ 童年;幼年;孩童时期”。又如:She had been writing poems since her childhood. 她童年时代就开始写诗了。故填childhood。
29. childish【解析】句意:幻想靠歌曲和故事赢得老人们的称赞,这个想法听起来很幼稚。由句意可知,设空处宜填入提示词的形容词形式childish, 表示“幼稚的;孩子的;孩子气的;稚嫩的”。又如:It’s time you should put a stop to this childish behaviour. 这种孩子气的行为你该收敛了。故填childish。
30. childless【解析】句意:这对没有子女的夫妇决定从孤儿院收养一个小女孩。根据句意可知,设空处宜填入提示词的形容词形式childless,意为“没孩子的;无子女的;无后代的”。又如:It was a happy but childless marriage. 这是一桩幸福的婚姻,就是没有孩子。
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