Unit 2 课时3 Section A 3a-3d（大单元分层作业）英语新教材人教版九年级下册

Unit 2 A Look into the Past 课时3 Section A (3a-3d) 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 词汇 mummy /ˈmʌmi/n. 木乃伊；(儿语) 妈妈 archaeologist /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒɪst/n. 考古学家 wealthy /ˈwelθi/adj. 富有的；富裕的 clothing /ˈkləʊðɪŋ/n. 衣服；服装 cotton /ˈkɒtn/n. 棉；棉花；棉织物 gram /ɡræm/n. 克（重量单位） pound /paʊnd/n. 磅（重量单位） matchbox /ˈmætʃbɒks/n. 火柴盒 句型 1. It’s believed she must have lived a wealthy life. 人们相信她一定过着富裕的生活。 2. Could it be made of cotton or silk? 它可能是由棉花或者丝绸制成的吗？ 3. It can be folded into a small matchbox. 它可以被折叠放进一个小火柴盒里。 ) 一、单词默写。 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】mummy; archaeologist; wealthy; clothing; cotton; gram; pound; matchbox 二、词组默写 【答案】in almost perfect condition; a wealthy life; ancient items; be made of; fold into 三、根据要求完成句子 【答案】 1. must have lived 2. Could; be made of 3. can be folded 4. archaeologists; in almost perfect 5. clothing; grams 一、单项选择 BBBAB 二、方框选词填空 【答案】 1. archaeologist 2. wealthy 3. clothing 4. cotton 5. mummies 三、语法填空 【答案】 1. mummy 2. archaeologists 3. have lived 4. with 5. of 6. is 7. grams 8. be folded 9. making 四、单词拼写 【答案】 1. archaeologist 2. wealthy 3. clothing 4. cotton 5. matchbox 五、完形填空 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．A 11．B 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．C 六、阅读理解 A 【答案】16．B 17．A 18．C 19．C 20．D B 【答案】21．A 22．C 23．E 24．B 25．D 一、选词填空 （2024山东德州中考） 【答案】 26．its 27．larger 28．first 29．but 30．if 31．pieces 32．for 33．Luckily 34．helpful 35．when $Unit 2 A Look into the Past 课时3 Section A (3a-3d) 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 词汇 _________ /ˈmʌmi/n. 木乃伊；(儿语) 妈妈 _________ /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒɪst/n. 考古学家 _________ /ˈwelθi/adj. 富有的；富裕的 _________ /ˈkləʊðɪŋ/n. 衣服；服装 _________ /ˈkɒtn/n. 棉；棉花；棉织物 _________ /ɡræm/n. 克（重量单位） _________ /paʊnd/n. 磅（重量单位） _________ /ˈmætʃbɒks/n. 火柴盒 句型 1. It’s believed she _________ _________ _________ a wealthy life. 人们相信她一定过着富裕的生活。 2. _________ it _________ made of cotton or silk? 它可能是由棉花或者丝绸制成的吗？ 3. It _________ _________ folded into a small matchbox. 它可以被折叠放进一个小火柴盒里。 ) 一、单词默写。 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.___________ n. 木乃伊；(儿语) 妈妈 2.___________ n. 考古学家 3.___________ adj. 富有的；富裕的 4.___________ n. 衣服；服装 5.___________ n. 棉；棉花；棉织物 6.___________ n. 克（重量单位） 7.___________ n. 磅（重量单位） 8.___________ n. 火柴盒 二、词组默写 1. 几乎完好无损 _______________________ 2. 富裕的生活 _______________________ 3. 古代器物 _______________________ 4. 由…… 制成（看出原材料） _______________________ 5. 折叠成 _______________________ 三、根据要求完成句子 1. 人们相信她一定过着富裕的生活。 It’s believed she ________ ________ ________ a wealthy life. 2. 它可能是由棉花或者丝绸制成的吗？ ________ it ________ ________ cotton or silk? 3. 它能够被折叠放进一个小火柴盒里。 It ________ ________ ________ into a small matchbox. 4.1972 年，考古学家发现了她几乎完好无损的遗体。 In 1972, ________ found her body ________ ________ ________ condition. 5. 这件服装仅仅重 49 克。 This piece of ________ is only 49 ________. 一、单项选择 1.—The ancient lady had lots of valuable goods. —She _______ a very wealthy life in the old days. A. must live B. must have lived C. can live D. may live 2.—What is this old coat ________? —Silk. You can see its material clearly. A. made from B. made of C. made in D. made for 3.The thin silk garment _______ into a small matchbox. A. can fold B. can be folded C. could fold D. is folding 4.The ________ discovered lots of ancient items near the old tomb. A. archaeologist B. empress C. queen D. Egyptian 5.People with much money are ________. A. poor B. wealthy C. burnt D. ancient ( mummy, archaeologist, wealthy, clothing, cotton )二、方框选词填空 1. The ________ found the well‑kept body of Lady Dai in 1972. 2. People guess the ancient woman was ________ because of many valuable objects beside her. 3. Is this ancient piece of ________ made of silk? 4. This cloth is soft, and it is made of ________. 5. Some ancient ________ are kept in the museum. 三、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Rose thinks that could be a 1.________ (mummy). The guide tells them it is Xin Zhui, Lady Dai. She died in 163 BCE. In 1972, 2.________ (archaeologist) found her body in almost perfect condition. People believe she must 3.________ (live) a wealthy life. Archaeologists found her body together 4.________ thousands of ancient items. Adam wonders what the thin piece of clothing might be made 5.. He guesses it could be cotton or silk. The guide says it 6. (be) made of silk. It is only about 49 7.________ (gram). And it can 8.________ (fold) into a small matchbox. Rose says ancient Chinese people must have been really good at 9.________ (make) silk clothing. 四、单词拼写 1. The a________(考古学家) found many old things in the tomb. 2. The lady must have been w________(富有的) long time ago. 3. This piece of c________(衣服) is made of fine silk. 4. This cloth is made of c________(棉花). 5. The silk coat can be put into a m________(火柴盒). 五、完形填空 Researchers have uncovered the oldest known hand-held wooden tools, giving scientists a new way to understand early humans nearly half a million years ago. An international team found the artifacts at Marathousa 1 in Greece, where wet conditions helped wood 1 . The two objects, dated to about 430,000 years ago, were not random sticks. Microscopic study showed marks from chopping and carving, which 2 that people had deliberately shaped them. The discovery matters because wood usually 3 long before archaeologists can study it. Stone tools survive more easily, so they often give an incomplete   4 of ancient technology. One object, made from alder, may have been used for digging near the lakeshore or stripping bark. Another smaller piece of willow or poplar also showed signs of human 5 . The site tells a wider story. Stone tools and animal remains suggest early humans used the area for butchering prey near an ancient lake. A larger wood fragment had grooves, but researchers concluded they were made by a large carnivore, possibly a bear, rather than by people. That detail 6 a dangerous environment in which humans and predators may have competed for 7 . For scientists, the find pushes back evidence of hand-held wooden tool use by at least 40,000 years. It also shows that early humans were not limited to stone. They selected plants, shaped materials and solved practical problems with 8 . Because such evidence is rare, researchers had to 9 each mark carefully. Some marks were human-made, while others came from animals; telling the difference required 10 comparison. Without microscopes and teamwork, the wood might have been 11 as ordinary fragments. Instead, it now 12 the timeline of early technology and adds southeastern Europe to the map of important discoveries. The tools do more than fill a museum shelf: they 13 how early humans worked, learned and adapted. They also remind us that fragile materials can 14 major stories when conditions protect them. Sometimes, the quietest objects give the 15 clues. 1．A．survive B．disappear C．float D．burn 2．A．denied B．suggested C．forgot D．warned 3．A．decays B．improves C．waits D．shines 4．A．picture B．answer C．promise D．habit 5．A．doubt B．activity C．silence D．distance 6．A．hides B．repeats C．reveals D．cancels 7．A．titles B．resources C．numbers D．colors 8．A．skill B．luck C．noise D．fear 9．A．protect B．examine C．invent D．decorate 10．A．careful B．careless C．sudden D．public 11．A．praised B．dismissed C．borrowed D．repaired 12．A．follows B．changes C．wastes D．copies 13．A．remove B．question C．show D．hide 14．A．carry B．lose C．avoid D．refuse 15．A．weakest B．simplest C．strongest D．coldest 六、阅读理解 A Secret Hallway Inside Pyramid Scientists noticed a hidden hallway inside the Great Pyramid of Giza in 2016. Now, they have learned exactly where it is and how big it is. They used a tiny camera to look inside, and actually saw the hallway instead of breaking into it. It may have been used to help spread out the weight of the pyramid. ______________________ Over 2,000 relics (遗迹) dating back to the Yuan Dynasty have been found in an ancient city wall site of Tianjin. The relics include the base of the city wall, roads, and so on. They have provided evidence (证据) of the history of the ancient Tianjin city, which is believed to have been built no later than the early Ming Dynasty.New Nazca Lines (纳斯卡线条) in Peru 168 new Nazca Lines were found in Peru. Those huge animals carved (雕刻) into the desert date back more than 2,000 years. They are smaller than earlier finds and can be seen from the ground. Most of the earlier finds can only be seen from the air. The purpose of the Nazca Lines and how they were built are still unknown. 16．In which SECTION of the newspaper can we read the news? A．TRAVEL B．DISCOVERY. C．TODAY IN HISTORY. D．AMAZING PICTURES. 17．During the process of finding the secret hallway, ________. A．scientists used a smart way B．the pyramid was opened C．its size was known in 2016 D．scientists knew exactly what it was for 18．What would be the best heading for the second piece of news? A．Let’s Look at Tianjin! B．When Was It Built? C．Ancient City Wall Relics Found D．Lost City of the Ming Dynasty Discovered 19．Which shows the fact of Nazca Lines in Peru? A．They were made in modern times. B．New finds can’t be seen from the air. C．There are still secrets about them. D．The total number of the designs known is 168. 20．All the findings above ________. A．show the spirit of scientists B．took people a lot of time and money C．encourage more people to travel around the world D．help people dig into ancient history and cultures B 阅读下面短文, 从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项, 使短文通顺、连贯, 意思完整。 We all learned to recite (背诵) the times table (乘法表) when we were kids. 21 Scientists say it is at least 2,300 years old. Recently, thousands of bamboo slips (竹简) were found in Jingzhou, Hubei Province. 22 The contents (内容) are about math, medicine, literature, and more. Parts of the times table were found on one bamboo slip. The slip dates back to (追溯到) the Warring States Period (战国时期). 23 But this slip is about a hundred years older than the others. Scientists used infrared scanning (红外线扫描) to see the characters on the slip. It reads, “ 24 Five times (乘以) seven is thirty-five.…” 25 “The times table was already popular during the Warring States Period, ”she said. “At that time, officials used it to work out how much people produced.” A．But do you know how old it is? B．Four times seven is twenty-eight. C．There are more than 30,000 characters on them. D．Tan Jingnan is a historian at Jianghan University now. E．Before this slip, scientists had found other slips with the times table 一、选词填空 （2024山东德州中考） 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从下面方框内所给11个词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化，填入空白处，每空一词。 help, it, with, lucky, one, piece, large, if, but, for, when In the summer of 1996, some strange-looking fossilized bones (骨骼化石) were dug up by a man in a dried-up lake. He was a farmer in the eastern part of China, who wondered: Could these be the remains (遗迹) of an ancient dragon? Not quite. Finally the study showed us that the bones actually belonged to a meat-eating dinosaur (恐龙), and 26 name was Sinosauropteryx prima (中华龙鸟). It was 27 than the size of a common chicken which lived about 120 million years ago. It was the 28 time to find fossils of dinosaurs in Liaoning, and it was the earliest one with feathers (羽毛). So, scientists said that Sinosauropteryx prima might have had tiny feathers, which is similar to the chicken. They have something in common! It may sound crazy 29 in fact not. Most scientists think today’s birds and dinosaurs are relatives. However, not everyone believes it. Many scientists wonder 30 some dinosaurs had feathers. Some bird scientists suggest that the feather-like structures (结构) may be 31 of scales (鳞片). Whatever they are, they are not the right size and shape 32 flying. It’s not easy to prove this because feathers are so weak that they usually rot (腐烂) away without a trace (踪迹). 33 , the fossils showed a lot of details (细节). For the study of the relationship between birds and dinosaurs, these details are very 34 . Yet still nobody knows 35 and why feathers appeared on the earth. Scientists hope to solve the puzzle (谜题) by studying the area where the fossils were found. “These beds date to a time when flowering plants and binds appeared,” says a professor. “The discovery of this area is just as important as going to Mars.” $Unit 2 A Look into the Past 课时3 Section A (3a-3d) 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 词汇 mummy /ˈmʌmi/n. 木乃伊；(儿语) 妈妈 archaeologist /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒɪst/n. 考古学家 wealthy /ˈwelθi/adj. 富有的；富裕的 clothing /ˈkləʊðɪŋ/n. 衣服；服装 cotton /ˈkɒtn/n. 棉；棉花；棉织物 gram /ɡræm/n. 克（重量单位） pound /paʊnd/n. 磅（重量单位） matchbox /ˈmætʃbɒks/n. 火柴盒 句型 1. It’s believed she must have lived a wealthy life. 人们相信她一定过着富裕的生活。 2. Could it be made of cotton or silk? 它可能是由棉花或者丝绸制成的吗？ 3. It can be folded into a small matchbox. 它可以被折叠放进一个小火柴盒里。 ) 一、单词默写。 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.___________ n. 木乃伊；(儿语) 妈妈 2.___________ n. 考古学家 3.___________ adj. 富有的；富裕的 4.___________ n. 衣服；服装 5.___________ n. 棉；棉花；棉织物 6.___________ n. 克（重量单位） 7.___________ n. 磅（重量单位） 8.___________ n. 火柴盒 【答案】mummy; archaeologist; wealthy; clothing; cotton; gram; pound; matchbox 二、词组默写 1. 几乎完好无损 _______________________ 2. 富裕的生活 _______________________ 3. 古代器物 _______________________ 4. 由…… 制成（看出原材料） _______________________ 5. 折叠成 _______________________ 【答案】in almost perfect condition; a wealthy life; ancient items; be made of; fold into 三、根据要求完成句子 1. 人们相信她一定过着富裕的生活。 It’s believed she ________ ________ ________ a wealthy life. 2. 它可能是由棉花或者丝绸制成的吗？ ________ it ________ ________ cotton or silk? 3. 它能够被折叠放进一个小火柴盒里。 It ________ ________ ________ into a small matchbox. 4.1972 年，考古学家发现了她几乎完好无损的遗体。 In 1972, ________ found her body ________ ________ ________ condition. 5. 这件服装仅仅重 49 克。 This piece of ________ is only 49 ________. 【答案】 1. must have lived 2. Could; be made of 3. can be folded 4. archaeologists; in almost perfect 5. clothing; grams 一、单项选择 1.—The ancient lady had lots of valuable goods. —She _______ a very wealthy life in the old days. A. must live B. must have lived C. can live D. may live 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 这位古代女士拥有大量贵重物品。—— 她过去一定过着十分富裕的生活。must have done，对过去发生事情的肯定推测。 2.—What is this old coat ________? —Silk. You can see its material clearly. A. made from B. made of C. made in D. made for 【答案】B 【详解】be made of 由…… 制成（能看出原材料）；be made from 看不出原材料。句中可以直接看出丝绸材质，选 B。 3.The thin silk garment _______ into a small matchbox. A. can fold B. can be folded C. could fold D. is folding 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这件薄的丝质衣服可以被折叠放进小火柴盒。情态动词的被动语态：can be + 过去分词，衣服是 “被折叠”。 4.The ________ discovered lots of ancient items near the old tomb. A. archaeologist B. empress C. queen D. Egyptian 【答案】A 【详解】句意：考古学家在古墓附近发现大量古代器物。archaeologist 考古学家；empress 女皇；queen 王后；Egyptian 埃及人。 5.People with much money are ________. A. poor B. wealthy C. burnt D. ancient 【答案】B 【详解】句意：拥有很多钱的人是富裕的。wealthy 富有的；poor 贫穷的；burnt 烧焦的；ancient 古代的。 ( mummy, archaeologist, wealthy, clothing, cotton )二、方框选词填空 1. The ________ found the well‑kept body of Lady Dai in 1972. 2. People guess the ancient woman was ________ because of many valuable objects beside her. 3. Is this ancient piece of ________ made of silk? 4. This cloth is soft, and it is made of ________. 5. Some ancient ________ are kept in the museum. 【答案】 1. archaeologist 2. wealthy 3. clothing 4. cotton 5. mummies 【详解】 1. archaeologist：考古学家做出发掘发现的动作。 2. wealthy：形容词，富有的，描述古代女子的身份。 3. clothing：n. 衣服、服装，ancient piece of clothing 古代服饰。 4. cotton：n. 棉花，棉织物。 5. mummies：some 后接可数名词复数 mummies 木乃伊。 三、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Rose thinks that could be a 1.________ (mummy). The guide tells them it is Xin Zhui, Lady Dai. She died in 163 BCE. In 1972, 2.________ (archaeologist) found her body in almost perfect condition. People believe she must 3.________ (live) a wealthy life. Archaeologists found her body together 4.________ thousands of ancient items. Adam wonders what the thin piece of clothing might be made 5.. He guesses it could be cotton or silk. The guide says it 6. (be) made of silk. It is only about 49 7.________ (gram). And it can 8.________ (fold) into a small matchbox. Rose says ancient Chinese people must have been really good at 9.________ (make) silk clothing. 【答案】 1. mummy 2. archaeologists 3. have lived 4. with 5. of 6. is 7. grams 8. be folded 9. making 【详解】 1. mummy 名词单数，一具木乃伊。 2. archaeologists 复数，考古学家群体。 3. have lived must have done，对过去的肯定推测。 4. with together with 和…… 一起，固定搭配。 5. of be made of 由…… 制成。 6. is 陈述客观事实，一般现在时。 7. grams 49 后接可数名词复数。 8. be folded 情态动词 can 后接被动语态 can be done。 9. making 介词 at 后面接动名词。 四、单词拼写 1. The a________(考古学家) found many old things in the tomb. 2. The lady must have been w________(富有的) long time ago. 3. This piece of c________(衣服) is made of fine silk. 4. This cloth is made of c________(棉花). 5. The silk coat can be put into a m________(火柴盒). 【答案】 1. archaeologist 2. wealthy 3. clothing 4. cotton 5. matchbox 【详解】 1. archaeologist n. 考古学家。 2. wealthy adj. 富有的，作表语。 3. clothing n. 服装、衣服。 4. cotton n. 棉花。 5. matchbox n. 火柴盒。 五、完形填空 Researchers have uncovered the oldest known hand-held wooden tools, giving scientists a new way to understand early humans nearly half a million years ago. An international team found the artifacts at Marathousa 1 in Greece, where wet conditions helped wood 1 . The two objects, dated to about 430,000 years ago, were not random sticks. Microscopic study showed marks from chopping and carving, which 2 that people had deliberately shaped them. The discovery matters because wood usually 3 long before archaeologists can study it. Stone tools survive more easily, so they often give an incomplete   4 of ancient technology. One object, made from alder, may have been used for digging near the lakeshore or stripping bark. Another smaller piece of willow or poplar also showed signs of human 5 . The site tells a wider story. Stone tools and animal remains suggest early humans used the area for butchering prey near an ancient lake. A larger wood fragment had grooves, but researchers concluded they were made by a large carnivore, possibly a bear, rather than by people. That detail 6 a dangerous environment in which humans and predators may have competed for 7 . For scientists, the find pushes back evidence of hand-held wooden tool use by at least 40,000 years. It also shows that early humans were not limited to stone. They selected plants, shaped materials and solved practical problems with 8 . Because such evidence is rare, researchers had to 9 each mark carefully. Some marks were human-made, while others came from animals; telling the difference required 10 comparison. Without microscopes and teamwork, the wood might have been 11 as ordinary fragments. Instead, it now 12 the timeline of early technology and adds southeastern Europe to the map of important discoveries. The tools do more than fill a museum shelf: they 13 how early humans worked, learned and adapted. They also remind us that fragile materials can 14 major stories when conditions protect them. Sometimes, the quietest objects give the 15 clues. 1．A．survive B．disappear C．float D．burn 2．A．denied B．suggested C．forgot D．warned 3．A．decays B．improves C．waits D．shines 4．A．picture B．answer C．promise D．habit 5．A．doubt B．activity C．silence D．distance 6．A．hides B．repeats C．reveals D．cancels 7．A．titles B．resources C．numbers D．colors 8．A．skill B．luck C．noise D．fear 9．A．protect B．examine C．invent D．decorate 10．A．careful B．careless C．sudden D．public 11．A．praised B．dismissed C．borrowed D．repaired 12．A．follows B．changes C．wastes D．copies 13．A．remove B．question C．show D．hide 14．A．carry B．lose C．avoid D．refuse 15．A．weakest B．simplest C．strongest D．coldest 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．A 11．B 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文讲述科研人员在希腊发现已知最古老的手持木质工具，讲述该考古发现的细节、研究难点以及这项发现对于了解早期人类的重大意义。 【详解】1．句意：潮湿的环境帮助木材幸存下来。 根据“wet conditions”及下文木工具被发现的事实，可知环境利于保存，survive“保存、留存”符合语境。disappear“消失”、float“漂浮”、burn“燃烧”不符合木材在潮湿环境中利于保存的语境。 2．句意：微观研究显示砍削痕迹，表明人们故意塑造了它们。 根据“Microscopic study showed marks from chopping and carving”，痕迹是证据，用来表明事实，suggested“表明”符合语境。denied“否认”、forgot“忘记”、warned“警告”逻辑不通，痕迹不能否认或忘记事实。 3．句意：木材通常在考古学家研究之前就腐烂了。 根据常识及后文“Stone tools survive more easily”对比，可知木材易腐烂，decays“腐烂”符合语境。improves“改善”、waits“等待”、shines“发光”不符合木材易朽的特性。 4．句意：石器通常只能给出不完整的古代技术图景。 根据“give a picture of”固定搭配及语境，可知指全貌。picture与incomplete搭配表达技术全貌之意。answer“答案”、promise“承诺”、habit“习惯”代入句意不通。 5．句意：另一块小木头也显示出人类活动的迹象。 根据shaping materials，可知是人类活动，activity“活动”符合语境。doubt“怀疑”、silence“寂静”、distance“距离”与制作工具的行为无关。 6．句意：那个细节揭示了一个危险的环境。 根据熊的抓痕显示环境危险，可知是细节揭示出危险的生存环境，reveals“揭示”符合语境。hides“隐藏”、cancels“取消”与发现事实相反，repeats“重复”语意不符。 7．句意：人类和捕食者可能争夺资源。 根据“butchering prey near an ancient lake”，可知争夺生存资源，resources“资源”符合语境。titles“头衔”、numbers“数字”、colors“颜色”不是生物竞争的对象。 8．句意：他们用技能解决实际问题。 根据“shaped materials”，可知运用技艺解决实际问题，skill“技能”符合语境。luck“运气”、noise“噪音”、fear“恐惧”无法帮助解决制作工具的实际问题。 9．句意：研究人员不得不仔细检查每个痕迹。 根据科学研究过程，可知是检查痕迹，examine“检查”符合语境。protect“保护”、invent“发明”、decorate“装饰”不符合研究人员分析文物痕迹的行为。 10．句意：区分不同需要仔细的对比。 根据“carefully”及科学严谨性，可知需要仔细，careful符合语境。careless“粗心的”与语境相反，sudden“突然的”、public“公共的”不符合对比的要求。 11．句意：如果没有显微镜，木材可能被视为普通碎片而被忽视。 根据“ordinary fragments”，可知会被当作普通物忽略，dismissed符合语境。praised“赞扬”、borrowed“借”、repaired“修理”不符合被当作普通碎片处理的后果。 12．句意：它现在改变了早期技术的时间线。 根据“pushes back evidence”，可知改变了认知时间线，changes符合语境。follows“跟随”、wastes“浪费”、copies“复制”不符合新发现对历史认知的影响。 13．句意：它们展示了早期人类如何工作。 根据工具的作用，可知是展示历史，show符合语境。remove“移除”、question“质疑”、hide“隐藏”不符合文物揭示历史的功能。 14．句意：脆弱材料也能承载重大故事。 根据“stories”，可知物体承载故事，carry符合语境。lose“丢失”、avoid“避免”、refuse“拒绝”与物体记录历史的功能相反。 15．句意：有时最安静的物体给出最强的线索。 根据“quietest”与重要性的对比，可知是提供最有力的线索，strongest符合语境。weakest“最弱的”与文意相反，simplest“最简单的”、coldest“最冷的”无法体现线索的重要性。 六、阅读理解 A Secret Hallway Inside Pyramid Scientists noticed a hidden hallway inside the Great Pyramid of Giza in 2016. Now, they have learned exactly where it is and how big it is. They used a tiny camera to look inside, and actually saw the hallway instead of breaking into it. It may have been used to help spread out the weight of the pyramid. ______________________ Over 2,000 relics (遗迹) dating back to the Yuan Dynasty have been found in an ancient city wall site of Tianjin. The relics include the base of the city wall, roads, and so on. They have provided evidence (证据) of the history of the ancient Tianjin city, which is believed to have been built no later than the early Ming Dynasty.New Nazca Lines (纳斯卡线条) in Peru 168 new Nazca Lines were found in Peru. Those huge animals carved (雕刻) into the desert date back more than 2,000 years. They are smaller than earlier finds and can be seen from the ground. Most of the earlier finds can only be seen from the air. The purpose of the Nazca Lines and how they were built are still unknown. 16．In which SECTION of the newspaper can we read the news? A．TRAVEL B．DISCOVERY. C．TODAY IN HISTORY. D．AMAZING PICTURES. 17．During the process of finding the secret hallway, ________. A．scientists used a smart way B．the pyramid was opened C．its size was known in 2016 D．scientists knew exactly what it was for 18．What would be the best heading for the second piece of news? A．Let’s Look at Tianjin! B．When Was It Built? C．Ancient City Wall Relics Found D．Lost City of the Ming Dynasty Discovered 19．Which shows the fact of Nazca Lines in Peru? A．They were made in modern times. B．New finds can’t be seen from the air. C．There are still secrets about them. D．The total number of the designs known is 168. 20．All the findings above ________. A．show the spirit of scientists B．took people a lot of time and money C．encourage more people to travel around the world D．help people dig into ancient history and cultures 【答案】16．B 17．A 18．C 19．C 20．D 【导语】本文介绍了三则考古与科学发现：科学家发现吉萨大金字塔内的隐藏走廊、天津古城墙遗址出土元代遗迹、秘鲁新发现的纳斯卡线条，涉及历史探索与科学发现。 【详解】16．三则新闻均围绕古代遗迹、历史文物的考古发现展开，第一段指出“Scientists noticed a hidden hallway inside the Great Pyramid of Giza”，第二段涉及“an ancient city wall site of Tianjin”，第三段介绍“New Nazca Lines”。这些内容都属于探索发现，故最可能出现在“DISCOVERY”栏目。 17．第一段指出“They used a tiny camera to look inside, and actually saw the hallway instead of breaking into it”，说明科学家用微型摄像头观察而非破坏金字塔，采用了巧妙的方式。 18．第二段指出“Over 2,000 relics dating back to the Yuan Dynasty have been found in an ancient city wall site of Tianjin”，新闻主体是天津古城墙遗址中发现了文物，故“Ancient City Wall Relics Found”最能概括该则新闻。 19．第三段指出“The purpose of the Nazca Lines and how they were built are still unknown”，说明纳斯卡线条的用途与建造方式仍存谜团。 20．三则新闻分别揭示金字塔走廊、天津城墙遗迹与纳斯卡线条背后的古代历史与文化，共同指向帮助人们深入了解古代历史与文化。 B 阅读下面短文, 从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项, 使短文通顺、连贯, 意思完整。 We all learned to recite (背诵) the times table (乘法表) when we were kids. 21 Scientists say it is at least 2,300 years old. Recently, thousands of bamboo slips (竹简) were found in Jingzhou, Hubei Province. 22 The contents (内容) are about math, medicine, literature, and more. Parts of the times table were found on one bamboo slip. The slip dates back to (追溯到) the Warring States Period (战国时期). 23 But this slip is about a hundred years older than the others. Scientists used infrared scanning (红外线扫描) to see the characters on the slip. It reads, “ 24 Five times (乘以) seven is thirty-five.…” 25 “The times table was already popular during the Warring States Period, ”she said. “At that time, officials used it to work out how much people produced.” A．But do you know how old it is? B．Four times seven is twenty-eight. C．There are more than 30,000 characters on them. D．Tan Jingnan is a historian at Jianghan University now. E．Before this slip, scientists had found other slips with the times table 【答案】21．A 22．C 23．E 24．B 25．D 【导语】本文介绍了在湖北荆州发现的战国时期乘法表竹简，这一发现将中国乘法表的历史推前了至少100年，并说明了乘法表在古代的实际用途。 【详解】21．根据“We all learned to recite the times table when we were kids.”以及下文“Scientists say it is at least 2,300 years old.”可知，此处需要引出对乘法表历史的疑问。选项A“但你知道它有多古老吗？”以问句形式自然过渡，既承接了上文的童年记忆，又引出下文的科学考证。故选A。 22．根据“thousands of bamboo slips were found in Jingzhou, Hubei Province”可知，此处需要说明竹简的内容量。选项C“上面有超过3万个字符”具体描述了竹简的文字规模，与下文的“内容涉及数学、医学等”形成递进关系。故选C。 23．根据“But this slip is about a hundred years older than the others.”可知，此处需要说明此前已发现其他乘法表竹简。选项E“在这枚竹简之前，科学家已经发现了其他带有乘法表的竹简”恰当地引出对比，为下文的年代突破做铺垫。故选E。 24．根据“It reads”以及下文“Five times seven is thirty-five…”可知，此处需要列举乘法表的具体内容。选项B“四七二十八”与下文的“五七三十五”构成连贯的乘法口诀，符合竹简内容的逻辑顺序。故选B。 25．根据“The times table was already popular during the Warring States Period, she said.”可知，此处需要引出历史学家的观点。选项D“谭景南现在是江汉大学的历史学家”恰当地介绍了专家身份，为下文的权威解读提供依据。故选D。 一、选词填空 （2024山东德州中考） 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从下面方框内所给11个词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化，填入空白处，每空一词。 help, it, with, lucky, one, piece, large, if, but, for, when In the summer of 1996, some strange-looking fossilized bones (骨骼化石) were dug up by a man in a dried-up lake. He was a farmer in the eastern part of China, who wondered: Could these be the remains (遗迹) of an ancient dragon? Not quite. Finally the study showed us that the bones actually belonged to a meat-eating dinosaur (恐龙), and 26 name was Sinosauropteryx prima (中华龙鸟). It was 27 than the size of a common chicken which lived about 120 million years ago. It was the 28 time to find fossils of dinosaurs in Liaoning, and it was the earliest one with feathers (羽毛). So, scientists said that Sinosauropteryx prima might have had tiny feathers, which is similar to the chicken. They have something in common! It may sound crazy 29 in fact not. Most scientists think today’s birds and dinosaurs are relatives. However, not everyone believes it. Many scientists wonder 30 some dinosaurs had feathers. Some bird scientists suggest that the feather-like structures (结构) may be 31 of scales (鳞片). Whatever they are, they are not the right size and shape 32 flying. It’s not easy to prove this because feathers are so weak that they usually rot (腐烂) away without a trace (踪迹). 33 , the fossils showed a lot of details (细节). For the study of the relationship between birds and dinosaurs, these details are very 34 . Yet still nobody knows 35 and why feathers appeared on the earth. Scientists hope to solve the puzzle (谜题) by studying the area where the fossils were found. “These beds date to a time when flowering plants and binds appeared,” says a professor. “The discovery of this area is just as important as going to Mars.” 【答案】 26．its 27．larger 28．first 29．but 30．if 31．pieces 32．for 33．Luckily 34．helpful 35．when 【导语】本文讲述了中华龙鸟化石的发现以及它对相关研究的重要意义。 【详解】26．句意：最后，这项研究表明，这些骨头实际上属于一种食肉恐龙，它的名字叫中华龙鸟。空处作定语，指这种食肉恐龙的名字，用it的形容词性物主代词形式its“它的”。故填its。 27．句意：它比生活在大约1.2亿年前的普通鸡要大。空处作表语，比较恐龙与鸡的大小，large“大的”符合语境，than前用比较级。故填larger。 28．句意：这是辽宁第一次发现恐龙化石，也是最早发现的有羽毛的恐龙化石。根据“the … time to find fossils of dinosaurs in Liaoning”和备选词汇可知，这是第一次在辽宁发现恐龙化石，填one的序数词形式first。故填first。 29．句意：这听起来可能很疯狂，但事实并非如此。句子前后是转折关系，用but“但是”连接。故填but。 30．句意：许多科学家想知道某些恐龙是否有羽毛。空处引导宾语从句，结合备选词汇，if“是否”符合语境，科学家不确定恐龙是否有羽毛。故填if。 31．句意：一些鸟类科学家认为，这些羽毛状结构可能是鳞片碎片。根据“… of scales”可知，修饰鳞片应用piece“一片”，pieces of...“许多片的……”。故填pieces。 32．句意：不管它们是什么，它们的大小和形状都不适合飞行。根据“they are not the right size and shape … flying”可知，这些羽毛状结构不是用来飞行的，介词for可表用途。故填for。 33．句意：幸运的是，这些化石显示了许多细节。根据“the fossils showed a lot of details”可知，新发现的化石很有研究价值，这是一件幸运的事，空处修饰整个句子，用lucky的副词形式。故填Luckily。 34．句意：对于研究鸟类和恐龙之间的关系，这些细节非常有帮助。根据“the fossils showed a lot of details”可知，新发现对研究很有帮助，空处用help的形容词helpful作表语。故填helpful。 35．句意：然而，仍然没有人知道这些羽毛何时以及为什么出现在地球上。根据“… and why feathers appeared on the earth.”可知，空处应填连词引导宾语从句，when符合语境，表示没人知道羽毛是何时出现的。故填when。 $