专题03 必修第一册Unit 4 单元词汇短语句型语法梳理（期中知识清单）高一英语上学期译林版

专题03 必修第一册Unit 4 Looking good，feeling good 单元词汇短语句型梳理 知识点01 重点词类 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. vt.不做(应做的事情等);跳过 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走;略过 2. vi.变苗条,减肥 adj.苗条的;微薄的,小的 3. n.日常饮食;节食 vi.节食,进行规定饮食 4. vi.起作用,正常工作,运转 n.作用,功能,职能 5. prep.在(某段时间)之内;在(某段距离、范围)之内;在…里 6. adv.相反,而是;相当;更准确地说 7. n.方面,层面 8. n.发作;攻击;抨击 vt.&vi.攻击;侵袭;抨击 9. n.数量 10. n.日程安排,工作计划;时间表 11. adj.消极的,负面的;坏的,有害的;否定的 12. adj.可塑的;塑料的n.塑料 13. n.(大学、学院的)校园,校区 14. n.格言,谚语,警句 15. adj.男性的;雄性的 n.男性,雄性  16. adj.女性的;雌性的 n.女性,雌性 17. n.时尚,时兴;流行款式 18. n.阴影,影子;昏暗处,阴暗处 19. n.内容;目录 20. n.个性,个人特征 21.yogurt n. 22.sex n. 23.nutrition n. 24.surgery n. 25.jeans n. 26.digital adj. 27.series n.(pl.series) 28.external adj. 知识点02 高频短语 1． 不吃饭，漏餐 2． 失去知觉，昏倒 3． 节食（强调动作） 4． 在节食（强调状态） 5． 保持均衡的饮食 6． 吸收；理解；欺骗 7． 强身健体，塑身 8． 呈…的形状；以…形式 9． 变形，走样；不健康 10． 起…作用；具有…功能 11． 集中（注意力）于；全神贯注于 12． 集中（注意力）于；关注 13． 对……有影响 14． 促成，导致；贡献于；捐赠 15 担心，忧虑；关注 16． 而不是；与其…不如 17． 一系列，一连串 18． 把……与……比较 19． 达到，符合（标准、期望） 20． 防备，提防 21． 求助于；转向；翻到 22． 警告某人不要做…… 23． 以……为自豪，对……感到骄傲 24． 建立自信 25． 自在，舒适 26． 对于那些……的人 27． 在一个……的社会里28． 除了…之外（还/也） 29． 一种……感 30． 以……为基础，基于 31． 充满，填满 32． 在内心，内在（与外表相对） 知识点03 重点句型 1．关系副词 where 引导的限制性定语从句 + 不定式目的状语 在一个往往以瘦为美的社会里，青少年有时会借助极端的方法来快速减肥。 2．that 引导的限制性定语从句（主/宾） 珍妮弗的案例提醒我们，在男女青少年中都已变得常见的不健康减肥习惯的危险。 3．who 定语从句 + it 形式主语 + that 主语从句 然而，对于那些严重超重的人来说，努力以恰当的方式减肥是非常重要的。 4．that 宾语从句 + it 形式主语 + since 原因状语从句 + 不定式目的 ★★★ 她指出，健康均衡的饮食十分重要，因为青少年仍在发育，身体需要大量营养才能正常运转。 5．encourage sb to do + because 状语从句 + 动名词主语 + 不定式 我们强烈建议所有青少年遵从这些生活方式的小贴士，因为好好生活是最安全、最有效的强身健体之道。 6．who 定语从句 + 不定式被动（for sb to do） 那些试图模仿最喜爱明星形象的青少年，正在打一场无望取胜的仗——对这些标准，大多数人根本无法企及。 7．what 引导宾语从句（介词后） 媒体中的审美标准会对你如何看待自己的外表产生很大影响。 8．不定式目的状语 + it 形式主语 + 比较级 你的朋友可能上网发一系列没完没了的照片来炫耀漂亮的衣服或健壮的体魄，于是你更容易拿自己和他们比较。 9．prove (linking v. 主动表被动) + to do + what 从句 这已被证明对你如何看待自己的外表有消极影响。 10．that 宾语从句 + the way 后省略关系词的定语从句 请记住，你的家人和朋友就是爱你本来的样子。 11．动名词作主语 + how 宾语从句 听到他们多么在乎你，能帮助你更好地接受（自在于）自己的样子。 12．动名词作主语 + 宾语补足语 专注于自己的长处也能帮你建立自信。 13．so 并列句 + 定语从句省略关系词 + instead of 介词短语 人人都有天赋——你也许擅长画画或弹钢琴，所以要为自己做得好的事感到自豪，而不是为你无法改变的事烦恼。 14．it 形式主语 + 不定式（真正主语） 最后，努力把注意力从消极想法上转移开是个好主意。 15．不定式目的状语 + 定语从句省略关系词 要做到这一点，你应该做一些自己喜欢的事。 知识点04 重点语法 一、定语从句与关系词回顾 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句；被修饰的名词/代词叫先行词(antecedent)；引导词叫关系词。Unit 3 学了关系代词 who/whom/whose/which/that，在从句中作主/宾/定；Unit 4 学关系副词 when/where/why，在从句中作**状语**（时间/地点/原因），与关系代词共同构成完整的定语从句体系。 二、when 指时间（先行词为表时间的名词） when = 介词 + which，在从句中作时间状语，不可充当主/宾。例：Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night's rest? 你记得那段没有烦恼、能安心入睡的时光吗？ / They are still growing, and night is the time when their bodies grow faster. 夜是身体长得更快的时候。 三、where 指地点（先行词为表地点的名词） where = 介词 + which，在从句中作地点状语。先行词不限于表地点的名词，也可为 situation、case、point、society 等抽象“地点”。例：In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful... 在一个以瘦为美的社会里…… / Teenagers may experience situations where body development slows down. 青少年可能遇到身体发育放缓的情形。 四、why 指原因（先行词为 reason） why = for which，在从句中作原因状语，先行词只能是 reason。例：One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night's sleep is pressure from school or work. 人们睡不好觉的原因之一是来自学业或工作的压力。 五、关系副词与“介词 + which”互换 where = in / at which；when = on / in which；why = for which。例：The school where he once studied is very famous. = The school in which he once studied is very famous. / This is the reason why he came late. = This is the reason for which he came late. ① when（时间状语） Do you remember the day when (= on which) you joined our club? 你记得加入社团的那天吗？ ② where（地点/情形状语） This is the situation where (= in which) we should stay calm. 这正是我们应保持冷静的情形。 ③ why（原因状语） That is the reason why (= for which) he was absent. 那就是他缺席的原因。 六、关系副词 vs 关系代词选用（看从句缺什么成分） 若从句缺**主语/宾语/定语** → 用关系代词(who/whom/which/that/whose)；若从句**不缺主宾、只缺状语** → 用关系副词(when/where/why)。判定口诀：看从句谓语动词是否及物、是否缺宾语。例：This is the factory where I worked.（worked 不及物，缺地点状语 → where）vs This is the factory that we visited.（visited 及物，缺宾语 → that/which） 七、易错警示 ① 关系副词 when/where/why 在从句中只作状语，绝不可充当主语或宾语；若从句缺主/宾，必须用关系代词。② where 的先行词可为抽象地点（situation/case/point/society），不可只认“地点名词”。③ why 的先行词只能是 reason，且 why 不用于非限制性定语从句（用 for which）。④ 关系副词 = 介词+which，但介词由语境决定（in which / on which / for which），不可乱用。 考点01 词类转换 （派生词）— 最高频 1.immediately adv.立即,马上conj.一…就→ adj.立即的;目前的;直接的 2.concentrate vi.& vt.集中(注意力、思想等);全神贯注→ n.专心,专注;关注,重视;集中,聚集→ adj.全力以赴的;集中的;浓缩的 3.extreme adj.极端的;严重的 n.极端不同的感情(或境况、行为方式等)→ adv.非常;极其 4.concerned adj.担心的,忧虑的;关注的,关切的→ n.担心,关心 vt.使担忧,涉及→ prep.关于;涉及 5.effect n.效果,作用;影响→ adj.有效的;生效的 6.prove linking v.后来被发现是 vt.证明,证实→ n.证据;证明 7.slightly adv.稍微,略微→ adj.轻微的;细小的 8.energetic adj.精力充沛的,充满活力的→ n.精力,活力;能量→ v.使活跃;供给…能量→ adv.积极地;精力充沛地 9.frightened adj.害怕的,惊吓的,受惊的→ v.使吃惊;惊吓;吓唬→ adj.令人恐惧的,可怕的→ n.害怕,恐惧 10.pressure n.心理压力,紧张;压力;要求,催促→ v.压,按;压迫 11.memory n.记忆力,记性;记忆,回忆→ vt.记住;背熟 12.treatment n.治疗;对待,待遇;处理→ v.治疗;对待,款待 13.addition n.增加,添加;加法→ vt.增加;添加;补充说→ adj.附加的,外加的→ adv.此外  14.strength n.优势;力气,力量;实力→ v.加强,增强 15.talent n.天资,天赋;人才,天才→ adj.天才的,有才能的 16.achievement n.成就,成绩;达到,完成→ v.实现;达到;完成→ adj.可实现的,可达到的 考点02 介词填空 — 必考 考法：固定搭配中挖掉介词。 1. concentrate 集中注意力于 2．focus 集中（注意力）于；关注 3．have an effect / influence 对…有影响 4．contribute 促成，导致；贡献于 5．be concerned 担心，忧虑；关注 6．be based 以……为基础，基于 7．be filled 充满，填满 8．take pride 以……为自豪 9．compare ... / 把…与…比较 10．warn sb doing 警告某人不要做…… 11．turn 求助于；转向 12．apart 除了……之外 考点03 关系副词选用（when / where / why） 三步法： ①看先行词性质（时间→when；地点/情形→where；原因 reason→why）； ②看从句缺什么成分（缺状语→关系副词；缺主/宾→关系代词）； ③看能否换为介词+which（when=on/in which；where=in/at which；why=for which）。 • 时间 when：Do you remember a time when you had no worries?（= on which） • 地点/情形 where：In a society where being thin is seen as beautiful...（= in which） • 原因 why（仅 reason）：One of the reasons why people fail to sleep is pressure.（= for which） 易错：①关系副词只作状语，不缺主宾；若从句缺宾语（如 visit the factory）必须用 that/which。②where 先行词可为 situation/case/point 等抽象地点。③why 仅用于 reason。 考点04 -ed / -ing 形容词辨析 • frighten → 感到害怕的 / 令人害怕的 • worry → 感到担忧的 / 令人担忧的 • interest → 感兴趣的 / 有趣的 • confuse → 感到困惑的 / 令人困惑的 • satisfy → 感到满意的 / 令人满意的 提示：本单元 ashamed（感到羞愧的）本身即 -ed 结尾形容词，无对应 -ing 常用对立词，切忌误加 -ing；confident（自信的）同理。 考点05 语法句型结构仿写/汉译英 • where 定语从句： 在一个以瘦为美的社会里，青少年有时求助于极端的方法。 • it 形式主语 + that 主语从句： 对于那些超重的人，恰当减肥很重要。 • 动名词作主语： 专注于长处能帮你建立自信。 • prove (系动词) 主动表被动： 这被证明对他们的外表有消极影响。 • encourage sb to do + because： 我们建议青少年健康饮食，因为好好生活最能强身健体。 • the way 后定语从句省略： 家人爱你本来的样子。 考点05 书面表达（外貌与自信 / 健康生活：建议信、演讲稿、博客） • 常用体裁：给青少年的建议信、关于“做自己/健康生活”的演讲稿、博客短文。 • 要点：描述外貌焦虑（negative thoughts / compare ... to others）→ 分析原因（media standards / social media）→ 提出建议（accept yourself / focus on strengths / keep a balanced diet）→ 呼吁自信。 • 常备句式： 1. 我知道你因为对自己的外貌缺乏自信而感到焦虑和自卑，但你不必过于担心。 2. 关于外貌的消极想法会像乌云一样一直笼罩着你，尤其是当你把自己和网上的人比较时。 3. 在我看来，这种压力主要来自流行的审美标准和社交媒体，而这些标准对我们99%的人来说都是遥不可及的。 4. 一个建议是找出你真正擅长的事情，把注意力放在你的优点而不是缺点上。 5. 听到朋友和家人有多看重你，能帮助你对自己的外表感到自信。 6. 保持均衡饮食和规律锻炼是个好主意，这会让你在很短时间内看起来和感觉都好得多。 7. 俗话说得好：“不要以貌取人”——你的内在远比外表重要。 8. 如果你能学会看到自己身上的优点，你很快就会开始爱上本来的自己。 · 辨析01 -ed 形容词 vs -ing 形容词 例句：The frightening experience made me frightened.（令人害怕的经历让我感到害怕） 词对 -ed（指人，感到…的） -ing（指物/事，令人…的） frighten 感到害怕的 令人害怕的 worry 感到担忧的 令人担忧的 interest 感兴趣的 有趣的 confuse 感到困惑的 令人困惑的 satisfy 感到满意的 令人满意的  记忆：-ed 用“人/感受者”，-ing 用“物/事（令人……的）”。 · 辨析02 rather than / instead of / other than 短语 词性/用法 例句 连词，连接并列 He decided to call rather than write. 介词，后接 doing/n. She went jogging instead of staying in. 介词，除……之外 He never speaks to anyone other than his mum.  记忆：rather than 连词“而不是”（连接并列成分，常用于 prefer A rather than B）；instead of 介词“代替”（后接名词/doing）；other than 介词“除了”。 · 辨析03 effect / affect / influence 词 词性 例句 n. 影响；效果 The medicine had a good effect. vt. 影响 The rain affected our plan. n./vt. 影响 Media can influence what you think.  记忆：effect 多作名词“影响/效果”（have an effect on）；affect 作及物动词“影响”（主语多为物/事）；influence 可作名/动“影响”，侧重潜移默化的作用。 · 辨析04 diet / food 词 含义 例句 日常饮食；节食 We should keep a balanced diet. 食物（总称） Food and drink are necessary for life.  记忆：diet 指日常（定质定量的）饮食或节食，常作可数名词（a balanced diet）；food 指食物总称，常作不可数，表种类时可数。 · 辨析05 when / where / why（关系副词）vs 关系代词 情形 选用 例句 缺时间状语 I remember the day when we met. 缺地点/情形状语 This is the situation where we stay calm. 缺原因状语（reason） That's the reason why he left. 缺宾语 This is the book that I bought.  记忆：看从句谓语动词：不及物或主宾齐全→缺状语→关系副词；及物且缺宾语/主语→关系代词。where 先行词可为抽象地点。 · 辨析06 concentrate on / focus on 短语 侧重 例句 专心，聚精会神 Concentrate on your study. 聚焦，关注 We should focus on our strengths.  记忆：二者近义，均表“集中（注意力）于”，常可互换；concentrate 偏“专心、聚精会神”，focus 偏“聚焦、关注重点”。 · 辨析07 be concerned about / concerned with 结构 含义 例句 担心，关切 We are concerned about her health. 关于，涉及 The book is concerned with diet.  记忆：be concerned about 担心、忧虑（人作主语，表情绪）；be concerned with 与……有关、涉及（事物作主语）。 · 辨析08 prove（系动词，主动表被动）vs prove（及物动词） 用法 语态 例句 系动词： 主动表被动 The method proved (to be) effective. 及物动词： 被动可用 It is proved that he was right. 题型 考查内容 示例 单词拼写 词汇拼写+词义，侧重单元核心词汇及派生词 根据汉语/首字母写出 skip、diet、concentrate、concerned、effect、confident、achieve、appearance、frightened、rather、immediately、extreme、slim、prove、slightly、aspect、amount、schedule、negative、pressure、attack、memory、beauty、shadow、plastic、surgery、campus、saying、talent、strength、treatment、contribution、achievement、energetic、frightening、additional 单项选择 易混辨析+短语搭配 effect / affect / influence 辨析；rather than；concentrate on；in a society where...；-ed/-ing（frightened / frightening）选择；adapt/adjust/adopt 辨析；count on / depend on / rely on 辨析 单句语法填空 词形变化+关系副词/关系代词 In a society ______ being thin is seen as beautiful...（where）；We should keep a balanced ______ (diet).（diet）；I don't know the reason ______ he looked unhappy these days.（why）；She finds it ______ (easy) to talk.（easier）；The more you concentrate, the ______ (effect) you will be.（more effective） 完成句子 / 句型转换 句型运用+同义结构改写 在一个以瘦为美的社会里青少年求助极端方法：In a society ______ being thin is seen as beautiful, teens turn to extreme methods.（where）/ 专注于长处帮你建立自信：______ on your strengths helps you build confidence.（Focusing）/ 他太害怕了以至于不敢说话：He was ______ frightened ______ he couldn't speak.（so; that）/ 均衡饮食和规律锻炼能让你感觉更好：______ a balanced diet and regular exercise can make you feel better.（Keeping） 选词填空 语境选词+词形变化 从方框选 concerned、effect、achieve、confident、appearance、contribute、pressure、negative、memory、talent 填入关于健康与外表的短文 篇章语法填空 词汇变形+关系副词/关系代词 阅读关于健康生活的短文，填关系副词 where/when/why 与关系代词 who/which/that，及派生词（concentrate→concentration、achieve→achievement、frighten→frightened/frightening、contribute→contribution、beauty→beautiful、treat→treatment、add→addition、memory→memorize） 书面表达 应用文（建议信/演讲稿/博客：做自己·健康生活） 写一封建议信：In a society where being thin is seen as beautiful, we should focus on our strengths. 词数 80 左右 题型 012 单词拼写(夯实双基，厚积薄发) （一）语法版块 模块 考点分类 答题核心技巧 易错警示 & 典型示例 定语从句（关系副词与关系代词辨析） when/where/why 选用；介词 + which 互换；抽象地点 where；关系副词 vs 关系代词 三步法：①看先行词（时间→when；地点/情形→where；reason→why）；②看从句成分（缺状语→关系副词，缺主宾→关系代词）；③看可否换“介词 + which”。where = in/at which；when = on/in which；why = for which。where 先行词可为 situation/case/point/society 等抽象地点，不只“地点名词”。 ❌ 把 where 当 which 作宾语。 ✅ In a society where being thin is beautiful.（where 作状语，不可填 which） ❌ 乱用介词。 ✅ the reason why he left = the reason for which he left. ❌ 误以为 where 只能接地点名词。 ✅ situations where body development slows down. 定语从句（关系代词） who/which/that/whose 的选用；关系代词作主语时谓语一致；介词后关系代词；只用 that 的情况 三步法：①看先行词指人/物；②看关系词在从句中作何成分（主/宾/定→关系代词）；③看特殊规则（只用 that/which、介词后不可用 that）。关系代词作主语时，从句谓语与先行词保持一致。 ❌ 混淆 who/which/that。 ✅ The girl who/that sits next to me is confident. ❌ A friend who trust me → trusts。 ✅ Those who are over 45 won't be permitted to enter. 派生词 词类转换 看词在句中的位置定词性再变形：concentrate→concentration、achieve→achievement、attract→attraction、appear→appearance、 ❌ 名词/形容词混淆。 ✅ We should build our ______ (confident). 填 confidence. -ed/-ing 形容词 人 -ed 物 -ing 先看修饰人还是物：a frightening disease（令人害怕的，修饰物）→ I felt frightened（感到害怕的，修饰人）。 ❌ 颠倒。 ✅ The frightening experience made me frightened. prove 系动词主动表被动 prove 表“后来被发现是”时主动形式表被动，后接 adj./n.，无被动；表“证明”时可用被动。 ❌ 误加 be。 ✅ The method proved (to be) effective.（不用 was proved） 名词性从句 what / that 从句 what 引“……的事”作宾语（不可省）；that 引陈述宾语从句（可省）；it 形式主语后 that 主语从句不可省。 ❌ what 与 that 混淆。 ✅ This proved to have an effect on what you think. 非谓语动词 动名词/不定式 动名词 doing 作主语（Focusing on...）；不定式 to do 作目的/主语/定语（to slim down / to get into shape）。 ❌ 动名词与不定式功能混淆。 ✅ Focusing on strengths helps you. 并列与连词 and / but / or / so / for 并列连词连平等分句：and 递进，but/yet 转折，or 选择/否则，so/for 因果（for 不置句首）。 ❌ so 与 because 连用。 ✅ ...because living well is the safest way to get into shape. 特殊句型 It 形式主语/形式宾语；the more...the more... It is + adj. + to do；find/make + it + adj. + to do；the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...。 ❌ 漏掉 it 或第二个 the。 ✅ The more you concentrate, the more effective you will be. （二）词汇与短语版块 模块 考点分类 答题核心技巧 易错警示 & 典型示例 短语搭配 集中/影响/贡献/关心/而不是 concentrate/focus on；have an effect/influence on；contribute to；be concerned about；rather than。 ❌ 介词错配。✅ We should concentrate on our strengths. ✅ A balanced diet contributes to good health. 易混辨析 effect / affect / influence effect 通常作名词“影响、效果”；affect 通常作动词“影响”；influence 可名可动，偏“潜移默化的影响”。 ❌ effect 当动词。✅ Social media has a great effect on teenagers. ✅ Social media affects teenagers greatly. -ed/-ing 形容词 人 -ed 物 -ing 与语法版块合并复现：修饰人用 -ed，修饰物用 -ing。 ❌ 颠倒。 ✅ frightening / frightened 介词搭配 be concerned about / concentrate on 固定搭配整体记忆，注意介词。 ❌ 遗漏介词。✅ be concerned about your appearance （三）阅读版块 模块 考点分类 答题核心技巧 易错警示 & 典型示例 阅读理解 说明/议论文（健康·外表） 题干定位三步法：①读题干圈关键词（diet/society/standards）；②回原文扫读定位；③对比选项，警惕“张冠李戴”。 ❌ 凭主观印象选择。✅ 原文 in a society where... 对应正确选项“以瘦为美的社会”。 阅读理解 记叙文（Teen faints after skipping meals） 事件脉络法：①把握起因（skip meals）；②找转折（passed out / was rushed to hospital）；③关注结尾主旨（healthy balanced diet）。 ❌ 被局部细节干扰。 ✅ 文章讲不健康减肥的危害，主旨为“合理饮食、健康成长”。 七选五 语篇衔接（建议信/博客） 三看一读法：①看代词指代；②看逻辑连词；③看词汇复现（confidence, strength, appearance）；④读空前后句保连贯。 ❌ 只看词汇复现，忽略逻辑。✅ 空后提到 focus on strengths，则空前须提到“长处/自信”。 完形填空 夹叙夹议（外貌焦虑与自信） 语境逻辑四步法：①通读把握基调；②逐空代入注意复现；③注意固定搭配；④代入复查。 ❌ 脱离语境选词。✅ 前文 negative thoughts，后文 accept yourself，结合逻辑选 confident 或 unique。 （四）语法填空版块 模块 考点分类 答题核心技巧 易错警示 & 典型示例 有提示词填空 词性判断法 ①作谓语→时态/语态/主谓一致；②作非谓语→doing/done/to do；③作定语/表语→派生词（confident→confidence）。 ❌ 不看句子成分乱变形。✅ She finds it ______ (easy) to talk. 填 easier（比较级）。 无提示词填空（定语从句关系副词/关系代词） 成分缺省法 缺状语且先行词表时间/地点/原因→when/where/why；缺主/宾→who/which/that/whose。 ❌ 盲目填 that。✅ In a society ______ being thin is beautiful 填 where（作状语）。 无提示词填空（其他） 固定搭配与冠词 名词前缺限定词→填冠词或介词；注意固定搭配中的冠词。 ❌ 忽略固定搭配。✅ make ______ most of resources 填 the；keep ______ balanced diet 填 a。 （五）书面表达版块 模块 考点分类 答题核心技巧 易错警示 & 典型示例 建议信/演讲稿（做自己·健康生活） 审题构思法 ①人称 you/we，时态一般现在/将来；②列提纲（焦虑+原因+建议+呼吁）；③套高级句式；④检查格式时态。 ❌ 时态混乱，缺少高级句式。✅ In a society where being thin is seen as beautiful, we should focus on our strengths. 关于自信的博客/演讲稿 共情+引用法 ①以谚语开篇（Don't judge a book by its cover）；②结合单元句式（where / it is important that / Focusing on...）；③落点行动。 ❌ 套话空泛。✅ Focusing on your strengths helps you build your confidence and take pride in who you are. 【题型一】单项选择 1．Readers are ________ with the literature book, whose main ________ are about teenage challenges. A．pleased; contents B．satisfied; content C．fluent; contents D．content; content 2．She has a unique ________ of dressing, which makes her stand out in the crowd. A．topic B．content C．personality D．style 3．The ________ of the new library is to provide students with more resources for study. A．schedule B．solution C．goal D．responsibility 4．The little girl was so ________ by the big dog that she couldn’t stop crying. A．happy B．frightened C．confused D．excited 5．He was ________ by the beauty of the sunset and stood there speechless. A．attracted B．attacked C．addicted D．anxious 6．My little brother is so ________ that he can play outside all day without feeling tired. A．confident B．energetic C．separate D．outgoing 7．We should ________ our energy on solving the most urgent problems. A．concentrate B．celebrate C．create D．cancel 8．When I met my old classmate unexpectedly at the supermarket, an ________ silence fell between us for a moment. A．energetic B．awkward C．flexible D．concerned 9．These ancient paintings with unique styles ________ a great artist who lived in the Ming Dynasty hundreds of years ago. A．live up to B．benefit from C．refer to D．belong to 10．I still have a few sweet memories of my childhood ________, and I remember times ________ I explored caves in the mountains with my friends. A．in advance; that B．by chance; when C．in particular; when D．in addition; that 【题型二】单词拼写 1．Don’t be f________ (害怕) to make mistakes while learning new things. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 2．His English teacher is very c________ (关心) about his study. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 3．We should take e________ (有效的) measures to protect the environment. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 4．Under careful t________ (治疗), Tom picked up quickly. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 5．In a________(另外), important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 6．The Chinese government is deeply c______________ (关心的) about the recent development. 7．Later, Winton received various honours for his a__________ (成就，成绩), including a knighthood in 2003. 8．The temperature dropped s_________ (稍微) as the sun hid behind thick dark clouds. 9．Sufficient sleep keeps us e_________ (精力充沛的) for study amid busy social activities. 10．The new building destroy the b_______ (美丽) of the countryside. 【题型三】单句语法填空 1．The sudden loud noise made the child (frighten) so he ran to his mother at once. 2．As (schedule), the sports meet will last from December 19th to 21st in the playground. 3．The (apply) of mind maps makes it easier for us to remember complicated grammar rules. 4．For Western learners, taijiquan offers a different way of understanding the body. It changes the focus from external (strong) to internal awareness. 5．When you are under great (press) from study, the discussion with your friends can help you reduce anxiety that troubles you a lot. 6．By sticking to a regular exercise plan, he has become much (slim) and more energetic than before. 7．Should the experimental results (prove) valid, we would carry out further large‑scale research. 8．I hold the firm belief that you are bound to achieve your dream of being admitted to a key university, which will give you a wonderful sense of ．(achieve) 9．I found myself having a fever this morning and I went to the clinic for immediate (treat). 10．The Student Union is looking for someone (energy) and responsible for the position of chairman. 【题型四】完成句子+句型转换 1．我吓坏了，把书从衬衣里悄悄拿出来递了过去。 __________________________________, I slid the book out from inside the shirt and handed it over. 2．惊恐之下，我觉得我两腿发抖，手心冒汗。 ____________, I felt __________________. (形容词短语作状语) 3．The patients are ________________ (正在接受很好的治疗) in the central hospital. 4．It is time to do... 句式     So if you have trouble getting a good night’s sleep, ___________ (也许是时候在生活方式上做出改变了). 5．A large amount of money was spent on the bridge. (句式转换)  =____________________ spent on the bridge. 6．由于采取了有效的措施，当地的环境问题已经得到控制。 With _________, the local environmental problems _________. 7．He always tries to ________ ________ ________ his parents’ expectations. 他总是努力达到父母的期望。 8．________ ________ ________ ________ ________ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. 已经证实孩童时期吃蔬菜有助于你往后抵抗严重疾病。 9．他们可以为祖国的发展做出贡献。 They can ______________________________________________ our motherland. 10．她在上午的体育课上晕厥，随即被紧急送往医院。 She________________ in her morning PE lesson and was rushed________________ hospital. 【题型五】选词填空 Passage A 用方框中所给的单词的适当形式填空。一空一词，每个词限填一次。 athletes     compare     diet     difference     fitness healthy     injury     instead     look     positive push-up     read     stress     sweat     worry I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible. I 1 about my weight and tried every new 2 I read about online. I tried no-fat, low-fat, 5:2, only bananas, no bananas -- I almost went bananas, too. Then I 3 an article that said instead of asking “Am I fat?” I should be asking “Am I fit?” I had no idea a letter could make such a 4 ! Once I started thinking about 5 rather than weight, things began to change. Instead of saying “I want to lose three kilos” I would say “I want to run two kilometers in eight minutes” or “I want to be able to do 30 6 ”. Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to my meals. I could still have a burger now and then, but I would add a salad or an apple. Finally, I stopped 7 myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body. 8 , I made a list of the things I liked about myself. By being 9 about myself and my body, I became both happier and 10 . Passage B 阅读下面文章，根据上下文从表格中选出适合的词，用其正确形式填空。（每词只能用一次） professor    addition    type    personality    confident likely    contain    enable    benefit    opportunity There are two 1 of people in this world: those who are 2 ask questions and those who shy away. Researchers from the University of Michigan set out to find out the different learning results between these two different 3 . They set up a long - term study across sixty - three different sixth grade math classes 4 513 students. Their results showed that shy students were less 5 to get help. The researchers started looking into ways that classroom environments in universities could be changed in order to help everyone feel comfortable asking questions. They concluded that having a warm, friendly 6 would help. In 7 , creating an uncompetitive environment would 8 quiet ones to ask questions. Though this may not change your mind in wanting to ask a question in class, just know that it is really 9 to your learning. Some of us may need to push ourselves to grasp the 10 to ask questions. We have to stop worrying about what others might think about us. All you have to do is raise your hand! 【题型六】语法填空 Passage A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Now teenagers always have some dark 1 (think) about their physical appearance. Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on 2 they think of their physical appearance. Teenagers who want to copy the looks of their favourite stars will end up 3 (feel) worse about themselves. Besides, 4 (they) friends with model­like good looks also influence the way 5 they view their physical appearance. However, there 6 (be) certainly ways to deal with these external influences. First, it’s wrong 7 (follow) popular beauty standards 8 (blind). It’s very important to accept what you are. Second, teenagers should believe that they are unique and that their family and friends love them just the way they are. Finally, 9 (try) to direct the attention away from negative thoughts. What they should do is to take pride 10 what they do well instead of worrying about things they cannot change. Passage B 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 You already know that smoking is bad for you and that drinking too much alcohol may 1 (short) your life. Now a new study says that spending too much time in a chair and not having enough sleep should join a short list of behaviors 2 (know) to increase your risk of premature death. Sitting for a long time and lack of sleep were damaging in their own way, but when combined with more traditional risk factors, 3 had a multiplier effect that made an early death far more likely. The findings, published in the journal PLOS Medicine, make clear that “some risk behaviors tend to come together and 4 the joint risk could be much higher than the sum of the individual risks”. For instance, smoking was the most dangerous risk factor among the six studied. The small number of people for 5 smoking was their only bad habit were 90 percent more likely to die during the course of the study than were people with practiced clean living in every aspect. People who reported high alcohol 6 (consume) as their only risk factor did not seem to put their lives in danger. But for those who combined heavy drinking with smoking, the risk of premature death was doubled. And when lack of sleep 7 (add) to the mix, the likelihood of an early death was nearly five times 8 (great) even though lack of sleep by itself had only a light effect 9 death. Considering factors such as age, gender, education and other factors, the researchers saw 10 clear pattern. It was a person’s bad lifestyle that contributed to his or her risk of premature death. 【题型七】应用文写作 Passage A 假定你是李华，你的外国笔友Amy最近因身材和外貌焦虑，心情低落。请你给她写一封邮件安慰她，内容包括： 1. 正确看待外在形象；2. 内在美的重要性；3. 保持健康自信的心态。 注意：词数80左右，语句通顺，格式规范。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage B 假如你是李华，你们学校就“青少年是否应该整容”的问题进行讨论，要求每个同学用书信的形式投稿，发表自己的意见。请根据下面的提示写一篇短文。 2．你的观点：青少年不应该整容； 3．你的理由：对身体有害；分散学习的注意力；中学生过分注重外表不合适…… 注意： 4．词数80左右； 5．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $专题03 必修第一册Unit 4 Looking good，feeling good 单元词汇短语句型梳理 知识点01 重点词类 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.skip　vt.不做(应做的事情等);跳过 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走;略过 2.slim vi.变苗条,减肥 adj.苗条的;微薄的,小的 3.diet n.日常饮食;节食 vi.节食,进行规定饮食 4.function vi.起作用,正常工作,运转 n.作用,功能,职能 5.within prep.在(某段时间)之内;在(某段距离、范围)之内;在…里 6.rather adv.相反,而是;相当;更准确地说 7.aspect n.方面,层面 8.attack n.发作;攻击;抨击 vt.&vi.攻击;侵袭;抨击 9.amount n.数量 10.schedule n.日程安排,工作计划;时间表 11.negative adj.消极的,负面的;坏的,有害的;否定的 12.plastic adj.可塑的;塑料的n.塑料 13.campus n.(大学、学院的)校园,校区 14.saying n.格言,谚语,警句 15.male adj.男性的;雄性的 n.男性,雄性  16.female adj.女性的;雌性的 n.女性,雌性 17.fashion n.时尚,时兴;流行款式 18.shadow n.阴影,影子;昏暗处,阴暗处 19.content n.内容;目录 20.individuality n.个性,个人特征 21.yogurt n.酸奶 22.sex n.性别 23.nutrition n.营养 24.surgery n.外科手术 25.jeans n.牛仔裤 26.digital adj.数码的,数字的 27.series n.(pl.series)一系列,连续 28.external adj.外来的,外在的;外面的,外部的 知识点02 高频短语 1．skip meals 不吃饭，漏餐 2．pass out 失去知觉，昏倒 3．go on a diet 节食（强调动作） 4．be on a diet 在节食（强调状态） 5．keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食 6．take in 吸收；理解；欺骗 7．get into shape 强身健体，塑身 8．in the shape of 呈……的形状；以……形式 9．out of shape 变形，走样；不健康 10．function as 起……作用；具有……功能 11．concentrate on 集中（注意力）于；全神贯注于 12．focus on 集中（注意力）于；关注 13．have an effect / influence on 对……有影响 14．contribute to 促成，导致；贡献于；捐赠 15．be concerned about 担心，忧虑；关注 16．rather than 而不是；与其……不如 17．a series of 一系列，一连串 18．compare ... to / with 把……与……比较 19．live up to 达到，符合（标准、期望） 20．guard against 防备，提防 21．turn to 求助于；转向；翻到 22．warn sb against doing 警告某人不要做…… 23．take pride in 以……为自豪，对……感到骄傲 24．build one's confidence 建立自信 25．in one's own skin 自在，舒适 26．for those who 对于那些……的人 27．in a society where 在一个……的社会里28．apart from 除了……之外（还/也） 29．a sense of 一种……感 30．be based on 以……为基础，基于 31．be filled with 充满，填满 32．on the inside 在内心，内在（与外表相对） 知识点03 重点句型 1．关系副词 where 引导的限制性定语从句 + 不定式目的状语 In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly. 在一个往往以瘦为美的社会里，青少年有时会借助极端的方法来快速减肥。 2．that 引导的限制性定语从句（主/宾） Jennifer's case is a reminder of the dangers of the unhealthy weight-loss habits that have become common among teenagers of both sexes. 珍妮弗的案例提醒我们，在男女青少年中都已变得常见的不健康减肥习惯的危险。 3．who 定语从句 + it 形式主语 + that 主语从句 However, for those who are dangerously overweight, it is very important that they try to lose weight properly. 然而，对于那些严重超重的人来说，努力以恰当的方式减肥是非常重要的。 4．that 宾语从句 + it 形式主语 + since 原因状语从句 + 不定式目的 ★★★ She pointed out that it is important to have a healthy balanced diet since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well. 她指出，健康均衡的饮食十分重要，因为青少年仍在发育，身体需要大量营养才能正常运转。 5．encourage sb to do + because 状语从句 + 动名词主语 + 不定式 We strongly encourage all teenagers to follow these lifestyle tips, because living well is the safest and most effective way to get into shape. 我们强烈建议所有青少年遵从这些生活方式的小贴士，因为好好生活是最安全、最有效的强身健体之道。 6．who 定语从句 + 不定式被动（for sb to do） Teens who try to copy the looks of their favourite stars are fighting a losing battle—these standards are simply impossible for most of the population to live up to. 那些试图模仿最喜爱明星形象的青少年，正在打一场无望取胜的仗——对这些标准，大多数人根本无法企及。 7．what 引导宾语从句（介词后） Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on what you think of your physical appearance. 媒体中的审美标准会对你如何看待自己的外表产生很大影响。 8．不定式目的状语 + it 形式主语 + 比较级 Your friends may post a never-ending series of photos online to show off their beautiful dresses or strong bodies, and it becomes easier for you to compare yourself to them. 你的朋友可能上网发一系列没完没了的照片来炫耀漂亮的衣服或健壮的体魄，于是你更容易拿自己和他们比较。 9．prove (linking v. 主动表被动) + to do + what 从句 This has proved to have a negative effect on what you think of your physical appearance. 这已被证明对你如何看待自己的外表有消极影响。 10．that 宾语从句 + the way 后省略关系词的定语从句 Keep in mind that your family and friends love you just the way you are. 请记住，你的家人和朋友就是爱你本来的样子。 11．动名词作主语 + how 宾语从句 Hearing how much they value you can help you feel comfortable in your own skin. 听到他们多么在乎你，能帮助你更好地接受（自在于）自己的样子。 12．动名词作主语 + 宾语补足语 Focusing on your strengths also helps you build your confidence. 专注于自己的长处也能帮你建立自信。 13．so 并列句 + 定语从句省略关系词 + instead of 介词短语 Everyone has their own talents—you may be good at painting or playing the piano, so take pride in things you do well instead of worrying about things you cannot change. 人人都有天赋——你也许擅长画画或弹钢琴，所以要为自己做得好的事感到自豪，而不是为你无法改变的事烦恼。 14．it 形式主语 + 不定式（真正主语） Finally, it is a good idea to try to direct your attention away from negative thoughts. 最后，努力把注意力从消极想法上转移开是个好主意。 15．不定式目的状语 + 定语从句省略关系词 To achieve this, you should do something you enjoy. 要做到这一点，你应该做一些自己喜欢的事。 知识点04 重点语法 一、定语从句与关系词回顾 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句；被修饰的名词/代词叫先行词(antecedent)；引导词叫关系词。Unit 3 学了关系代词 who/whom/whose/which/that，在从句中作主/宾/定；Unit 4 学关系副词 when/where/why，在从句中作**状语**（时间/地点/原因），与关系代词共同构成完整的定语从句体系。 二、when 指时间（先行词为表时间的名词） when = 介词 + which，在从句中作时间状语，不可充当主/宾。例：Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night's rest? 你记得那段没有烦恼、能安心入睡的时光吗？ / They are still growing, and night is the time when their bodies grow faster. 夜是身体长得更快的时候。 三、where 指地点（先行词为表地点的名词） where = 介词 + which，在从句中作地点状语。先行词不限于表地点的名词，也可为 situation、case、point、society 等抽象“地点”。例：In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful... 在一个以瘦为美的社会里…… / Teenagers may experience situations where body development slows down. 青少年可能遇到身体发育放缓的情形。 四、why 指原因（先行词为 reason） why = for which，在从句中作原因状语，先行词只能是 reason。例：One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night's sleep is pressure from school or work. 人们睡不好觉的原因之一是来自学业或工作的压力。 五、关系副词与“介词 + which”互换 where = in / at which；when = on / in which；why = for which。例：The school where he once studied is very famous. = The school in which he once studied is very famous. / This is the reason why he came late. = This is the reason for which he came late. ① when（时间状语） Do you remember the day when (= on which) you joined our club? 你记得加入社团的那天吗？ ② where（地点/情形状语） This is the situation where (= in which) we should stay calm. 这正是我们应保持冷静的情形。 ③ why（原因状语） That is the reason why (= for which) he was absent. 那就是他缺席的原因。 六、关系副词 vs 关系代词选用（看从句缺什么成分） 若从句缺**主语/宾语/定语** → 用关系代词(who/whom/which/that/whose)；若从句**不缺主宾、只缺状语** → 用关系副词(when/where/why)。判定口诀：看从句谓语动词是否及物、是否缺宾语。例：This is the factory where I worked.（worked 不及物，缺地点状语 → where）vs This is the factory that we visited.（visited 及物，缺宾语 → that/which） 七、易错警示 ① 关系副词 when/where/why 在从句中只作状语，绝不可充当主语或宾语；若从句缺主/宾，必须用关系代词。② where 的先行词可为抽象地点（situation/case/point/society），不可只认“地点名词”。③ why 的先行词只能是 reason，且 why 不用于非限制性定语从句（用 for which）。④ 关系副词 = 介词+which，但介词由语境决定（in which / on which / for which），不可乱用。 考点01 词类转换 （派生词）— 最高频 1.immediately adv.立即,马上conj.一…就→immediate adj.立即的;目前的;直接的 2.concentrate vi.& vt.集中(注意力、思想等);全神贯注→concentration n.专心,专注;关注,重视;集中,聚集→concentrated adj.全力以赴的;集中的;浓缩的 3.extreme adj.极端的;严重的 n.极端不同的感情(或境况、行为方式等)→extremely adv.非常;极其 4.concerned adj.担心的,忧虑的;关注的,关切的→concern n.担心,关心 vt.使担忧,涉及→concerning prep.关于;涉及 5.effect n.效果,作用;影响→effective adj.有效的;生效的 6.prove linking v.后来被发现是 vt.证明,证实→proof n.证据;证明 7.slightly adv.稍微,略微→slight adj.轻微的;细小的 8.energetic adj.精力充沛的,充满活力的→energy n.精力,活力;能量→energize v.使活跃;供给…能量→energetically adv.积极地;精力充沛地 9.frightened adj.害怕的,惊吓的,受惊的→frighten v.使吃惊;惊吓;吓唬→frightening adj.令人恐惧的,可怕的→fright n.害怕,恐惧 10.pressure n.心理压力,紧张;压力;要求,催促→press v.压,按;压迫 11.memory n.记忆力,记性;记忆,回忆→memorize vt.记住;背熟 12.treatment n.治疗;对待,待遇;处理→treat v.治疗;对待,款待 13.addition n.增加,添加;加法→add vt.增加;添加;补充说→additional adj.附加的,外加的→additionally adv.此外  14.strength n.优势;力气,力量;实力→strengthen v.加强,增强 15.talent n.天资,天赋;人才,天才→talented adj.天才的,有才能的 16.achievement n.成就,成绩;达到,完成→achieve v.实现;达到;完成→achievable adj.可实现的,可达到的 考点02 介词填空 — 必考 考法：固定搭配中挖掉介词。 1. concentrate on 集中注意力于 2．focus on 集中（注意力）于；关注 3．have an effect / influence on 对……有影响 4．contribute to 促成，导致；贡献于 5．be concerned about 担心，忧虑；关注 6．be based on 以……为基础，基于 7．be filled with 充满，填满 8．take pride in 以……为自豪 9．compare ... to / with 把……与……比较 10．warn sb against doing 警告某人不要做…… 11．turn to 求助于；转向 12．apart from 除了……之外 考点03 关系副词选用（when / where / why） 三步法： ①看先行词性质（时间→when；地点/情形→where；原因 reason→why）； ②看从句缺什么成分（缺状语→关系副词；缺主/宾→关系代词）； ③看能否换为介词+which（when=on/in which；where=in/at which；why=for which）。 • 时间 when：Do you remember a time when you had no worries?（= on which） • 地点/情形 where：In a society where being thin is seen as beautiful...（= in which） • 原因 why（仅 reason）：One of the reasons why people fail to sleep is pressure.（= for which） 易错：①关系副词只作状语，不缺主宾；若从句缺宾语（如 visit the factory）必须用 that/which。②where 先行词可为 situation/case/point 等抽象地点。③why 仅用于 reason。 考点04 -ed / -ing 形容词辨析 • frighten → frightened 感到害怕的 / frightening 令人害怕的 • worry → worried 感到担忧的 / worrying 令人担忧的 • interest → interested 感兴趣的 / interesting 有趣的 • confuse → confused 感到困惑的 / confusing 令人困惑的 • satisfy → satisfied 感到满意的 / satisfying 令人满意的 提示：本单元 ashamed（感到羞愧的）本身即 -ed 结尾形容词，无对应 -ing 常用对立词，切忌误加 -ing；confident（自信的）同理。 考点05 语法句型结构仿写/汉译英 • where 定语从句： 在一个以瘦为美的社会里，青少年有时求助于极端的方法。 In a society where being thin is seen as beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods. • it 形式主语 + that 主语从句： 对于那些超重的人，恰当减肥很重要。 For those who are overweight, it is very important that they try to lose weight properly. • 动名词作主语： 专注于长处能帮你建立自信。 Focusing on your strengths helps you build your confidence. • prove (系动词) 主动表被动： 这被证明对他们的外表有消极影响。 This has proved to have a negative effect on what they think of their appearance. • encourage sb to do + because： 我们建议青少年健康饮食，因为好好生活最能强身健体。 We encourage teenagers to eat healthily, because living well is the best way to get into shape. • the way 后定语从句省略： 家人爱你本来的样子。 Your family love you just the way you are. 考点05 书面表达（外貌与自信 / 健康生活：建议信、演讲稿、博客） • 常用体裁：给青少年的建议信、关于“做自己/健康生活”的演讲稿、博客短文。 • 要点：描述外貌焦虑（negative thoughts / compare ... to others）→ 分析原因（media standards / social media）→ 提出建议（accept yourself / focus on strengths / keep a balanced diet）→ 呼吁自信。 • 常备句式： 1. I know you are feeling anxious and inferior because you lack self-confidence in your appearance, but you don't have to worry about it too much. 我知道你因为对自己的外貌缺乏自信而感到焦虑和自卑，但你不必过于担心。 2. Dark thoughts about your physical appearance can hang over you all the time like a rain cloud, especially when you compare yourself to others online. 关于外貌的消极想法会像乌云一样一直笼罩着你，尤其是当你把自己和网上的人比较时。 3. In my opinion, the pressure mainly comes from popular beauty standards and social media, which are out of reach for 99% of us. 在我看来，这种压力主要来自流行的审美标准和社交媒体，而这些标准对我们99%的人来说都是遥不可及的。 4. One suggestion is to find out what you are really good at and focus on your strengths instead of your weaknesses. 一个建议是找出你真正擅长的事情，把注意力放在你的优点而不是缺点上。 5. Hearing how much your friends and family value you can help you feel comfortable in your own skin. 听到朋友和家人有多看重你，能帮助你对自己的外表感到自信。 6. It is a good idea to keep a balanced diet and take regular exercise, which will help you look and feel much better in no time at all. 保持均衡饮食和规律锻炼是个好主意，这会让你在很短时间内看起来和感觉都好得多。 7. As an old saying goes, "Don't judge a book by its cover" — your contents are much more important than your cover. 俗话说得好：“不要以貌取人”——你的内在远比外表重要。 8. If you can learn to see the good things about yourself, you will soon begin to love yourself just the way you are. 如果你能学会看到自己身上的优点，你很快就会开始爱上本来的自己。 · 辨析01 -ed 形容词 vs -ing 形容词 例句：The frightening experience made me frightened.（令人害怕的经历让我感到害怕） 词对 -ed（指人，感到…的） -ing（指物/事，令人…的） frighten frightened 感到害怕的 frightening 令人害怕的 worry worried 感到担忧的 worrying 令人担忧的 interest interested 感兴趣的 interesting 有趣的 confuse confused 感到困惑的 confusing 令人困惑的 satisfy satisfied 感到满意的 satisfying 令人满意的  记忆：-ed 用“人/感受者”，-ing 用“物/事（令人……的）”。 · 辨析02 rather than / instead of / other than 短语 词性/用法 例句 rather than 连词，连接并列 He decided to call rather than write. instead of 介词，后接 doing/n. She went jogging instead of staying in. other than 介词，除……之外 He never speaks to anyone other than his mum.  记忆：rather than 连词“而不是”（连接并列成分，常用于 prefer A rather than B）；instead of 介词“代替”（后接名词/doing）；other than 介词“除了”。 · 辨析03 effect / affect / influence 词 词性 例句 effect n. 影响；效果 The medicine had a good effect. affect vt. 影响 The rain affected our plan. influence n./vt. 影响 Media can influence what you think.  记忆：effect 多作名词“影响/效果”（have an effect on）；affect 作及物动词“影响”（主语多为物/事）；influence 可作名/动“影响”，侧重潜移默化的作用。 · 辨析04 diet / food 词 含义 例句 diet 日常饮食；节食 We should keep a balanced diet. food 食物（总称） Food and drink are necessary for life.  记忆：diet 指日常（定质定量的）饮食或节食，常作可数名词（a balanced diet）；food 指食物总称，常作不可数，表种类时可数。 · 辨析05 when / where / why（关系副词）vs 关系代词 情形 选用 例句 缺时间状语 when / on which I remember the day when we met. 缺地点/情形状语 where / in which This is the situation where we stay calm. 缺原因状语（reason） why / for which That's the reason why he left. 缺宾语 that / which / who This is the book that I bought.  记忆：看从句谓语动词：不及物或主宾齐全→缺状语→关系副词；及物且缺宾语/主语→关系代词。where 先行词可为抽象地点。 · 辨析06 concentrate on / focus on 短语 侧重 例句 concentrate on 专心，聚精会神 Concentrate on your study. focus on 聚焦，关注 We should focus on our strengths.  记忆：二者近义，均表“集中（注意力）于”，常可互换；concentrate 偏“专心、聚精会神”，focus 偏“聚焦、关注重点”。 · 辨析07 be concerned about / concerned with 结构 含义 例句 be concerned about 担心，关切 We are concerned about her health. be concerned with 关于，涉及 The book is concerned with diet.  记忆：be concerned about 担心、忧虑（人作主语，表情绪）；be concerned with 与……有关、涉及（事物作主语）。 · 辨析08 prove（系动词，主动表被动）vs prove（及物动词） 用法 语态 例句 系动词：prove (to be) + adj./n. 主动表被动 The method proved (to be) effective. 及物动词：prove sth. 被动可用 It is proved that he was right. 记忆：prove 作系动词“后来被发现是”时主动形式表被动，后接 adj./n.（prove (to be) + adj./n.），无被动；作及物动词“证明”时可用于被动（be proved that...）。 题型 考查内容 示例 单词拼写 词汇拼写+词义，侧重单元核心词汇及派生词 根据汉语/首字母写出 skip、diet、concentrate、concerned、effect、confident、achieve、appearance、frightened、rather、immediately、extreme、slim、prove、slightly、aspect、amount、schedule、negative、pressure、attack、memory、beauty、shadow、plastic、surgery、campus、saying、talent、strength、treatment、contribution、achievement、energetic、frightening、additional 单项选择 易混辨析+短语搭配 effect / affect / influence 辨析；rather than；concentrate on；in a society where...；-ed/-ing（frightened / frightening）选择；adapt/adjust/adopt 辨析；count on / depend on / rely on 辨析 单句语法填空 词形变化+关系副词/关系代词 In a society ______ being thin is seen as beautiful...（where）；We should keep a balanced ______ (diet).（diet）；I don't know the reason ______ he looked unhappy these days.（why）；She finds it ______ (easy) to talk.（easier）；The more you concentrate, the ______ (effect) you will be.（more effective） 完成句子 / 句型转换 句型运用+同义结构改写 在一个以瘦为美的社会里青少年求助极端方法：In a society ______ being thin is seen as beautiful, teens turn to extreme methods.（where）/ 专注于长处帮你建立自信：______ on your strengths helps you build confidence.（Focusing）/ 他太害怕了以至于不敢说话：He was ______ frightened ______ he couldn't speak.（so; that）/ 均衡饮食和规律锻炼能让你感觉更好：______ a balanced diet and regular exercise can make you feel better.（Keeping） 选词填空 语境选词+词形变化 从方框选 concerned、effect、achieve、confident、appearance、contribute、pressure、negative、memory、talent 填入关于健康与外表的短文 篇章语法填空 词汇变形+关系副词/关系代词 阅读关于健康生活的短文，填关系副词 where/when/why 与关系代词 who/which/that，及派生词（concentrate→concentration、achieve→achievement、frighten→frightened/frightening、contribute→contribution、beauty→beautiful、treat→treatment、add→addition、memory→memorize） 书面表达 应用文（建议信/演讲稿/博客：做自己·健康生活） 写一封建议信：In a society where being thin is seen as beautiful, we should focus on our strengths. 词数 80 左右 题型 012 单词拼写(夯实双基，厚积薄发) （一）语法版块 模块 考点分类 答题核心技巧 易错警示 & 典型示例 定语从句（关系副词与关系代词辨析） when/where/why 选用；介词 + which 互换；抽象地点 where；关系副词 vs 关系代词 三步法：①看先行词（时间→when；地点/情形→where；reason→why）；②看从句成分（缺状语→关系副词，缺主宾→关系代词）；③看可否换“介词 + which”。where = in/at which；when = on/in which；why = for which。where 先行词可为 situation/case/point/society 等抽象地点，不只“地点名词”。 ❌ 把 where 当 which 作宾语。 ✅ In a society where being thin is beautiful.（where 作状语，不可填 which） ❌ 乱用介词。 ✅ the reason why he left = the reason for which he left. ❌ 误以为 where 只能接地点名词。 ✅ situations where body development slows down. 定语从句（关系代词） who/which/that/whose 的选用；关系代词作主语时谓语一致；介词后关系代词；只用 that 的情况 三步法：①看先行词指人/物；②看关系词在从句中作何成分（主/宾/定→关系代词）；③看特殊规则（只用 that/which、介词后不可用 that）。关系代词作主语时，从句谓语与先行词保持一致。 ❌ 混淆 who/which/that。 ✅ The girl who/that sits next to me is confident. ❌ A friend who trust me → trusts。 ✅ Those who are over 45 won't be permitted to enter. 派生词 词类转换 看词在句中的位置定词性再变形：concentrate→concentration、achieve→achievement、attract→attraction、appear→appearance、 ❌ 名词/形容词混淆。 ✅ We should build our ______ (confident). 填 confidence. -ed/-ing 形容词 人 -ed 物 -ing 先看修饰人还是物：a frightening disease（令人害怕的，修饰物）→ I felt frightened（感到害怕的，修饰人）。 ❌ 颠倒。 ✅ The frightening experience made me frightened. prove 系动词主动表被动 prove 表“后来被发现是”时主动形式表被动，后接 adj./n.，无被动；表“证明”时可用被动。 ❌ 误加 be。 ✅ The method proved (to be) effective.（不用 was proved） 名词性从句 what / that 从句 what 引“……的事”作宾语（不可省）；that 引陈述宾语从句（可省）；it 形式主语后 that 主语从句不可省。 ❌ what 与 that 混淆。 ✅ This proved to have an effect on what you think. 非谓语动词 动名词/不定式 动名词 doing 作主语（Focusing on...）；不定式 to do 作目的/主语/定语（to slim down / to get into shape）。 ❌ 动名词与不定式功能混淆。 ✅ Focusing on strengths helps you. 并列与连词 and / but / or / so / for 并列连词连平等分句：and 递进，but/yet 转折，or 选择/否则，so/for 因果（for 不置句首）。 ❌ so 与 because 连用。 ✅ ...because living well is the safest way to get into shape. 特殊句型 It 形式主语/形式宾语；the more...the more... It is + adj. + to do；find/make + it + adj. + to do；the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...。 ❌ 漏掉 it 或第二个 the。 ✅ The more you concentrate, the more effective you will be. （二）词汇与短语版块 模块 考点分类 答题核心技巧 易错警示 & 典型示例 短语搭配 集中/影响/贡献/关心/而不是 concentrate/focus on；have an effect/influence on；contribute to；be concerned about；rather than。 ❌ 介词错配。✅ We should concentrate on our strengths. ✅ A balanced diet contributes to good health. 易混辨析 effect / affect / influence effect 通常作名词“影响、效果”；affect 通常作动词“影响”；influence 可名可动，偏“潜移默化的影响”。 ❌ effect 当动词。✅ Social media has a great effect on teenagers. ✅ Social media affects teenagers greatly. -ed/-ing 形容词 人 -ed 物 -ing 与语法版块合并复现：修饰人用 -ed，修饰物用 -ing。 ❌ 颠倒。 ✅ frightening / frightened 介词搭配 be concerned about / concentrate on 固定搭配整体记忆，注意介词。 ❌ 遗漏介词。✅ be concerned about your appearance （三）阅读版块 模块 考点分类 答题核心技巧 易错警示 & 典型示例 阅读理解 说明/议论文（健康·外表） 题干定位三步法：①读题干圈关键词（diet/society/standards）；②回原文扫读定位；③对比选项，警惕“张冠李戴”。 ❌ 凭主观印象选择。✅ 原文 in a society where... 对应正确选项“以瘦为美的社会”。 阅读理解 记叙文（Teen faints after skipping meals） 事件脉络法：①把握起因（skip meals）；②找转折（passed out / was rushed to hospital）；③关注结尾主旨（healthy balanced diet）。 ❌ 被局部细节干扰。 ✅ 文章讲不健康减肥的危害，主旨为“合理饮食、健康成长”。 七选五 语篇衔接（建议信/博客） 三看一读法：①看代词指代；②看逻辑连词；③看词汇复现（confidence, strength, appearance）；④读空前后句保连贯。 ❌ 只看词汇复现，忽略逻辑。✅ 空后提到 focus on strengths，则空前须提到“长处/自信”。 完形填空 夹叙夹议（外貌焦虑与自信） 语境逻辑四步法：①通读把握基调；②逐空代入注意复现；③注意固定搭配；④代入复查。 ❌ 脱离语境选词。✅ 前文 negative thoughts，后文 accept yourself，结合逻辑选 confident 或 unique。 （四）语法填空版块 模块 考点分类 答题核心技巧 易错警示 & 典型示例 有提示词填空 词性判断法 ①作谓语→时态/语态/主谓一致；②作非谓语→doing/done/to do；③作定语/表语→派生词（confident→confidence）。 ❌ 不看句子成分乱变形。✅ She finds it ______ (easy) to talk. 填 easier（比较级）。 无提示词填空（定语从句关系副词/关系代词） 成分缺省法 缺状语且先行词表时间/地点/原因→when/where/why；缺主/宾→who/which/that/whose。 ❌ 盲目填 that。✅ In a society ______ being thin is beautiful 填 where（作状语）。 无提示词填空（其他） 固定搭配与冠词 名词前缺限定词→填冠词或介词；注意固定搭配中的冠词。 ❌ 忽略固定搭配。✅ make ______ most of resources 填 the；keep ______ balanced diet 填 a。 （五）书面表达版块 模块 考点分类 答题核心技巧 易错警示 & 典型示例 建议信/演讲稿（做自己·健康生活） 审题构思法 ①人称 you/we，时态一般现在/将来；②列提纲（焦虑+原因+建议+呼吁）；③套高级句式；④检查格式时态。 ❌ 时态混乱，缺少高级句式。✅ In a society where being thin is seen as beautiful, we should focus on our strengths. 关于自信的博客/演讲稿 共情+引用法 ①以谚语开篇（Don't judge a book by its cover）；②结合单元句式（where / it is important that / Focusing on...）；③落点行动。 ❌ 套话空泛。✅ Focusing on your strengths helps you build your confidence and take pride in who you are. 【题型一】单项选择 1．Readers are ________ with the literature book, whose main ________ are about teenage challenges. A．pleased; contents B．satisfied; content C．fluent; contents D．content; content 【答案】A 【详解】句意：读者对这本文学书很满意，它的主要内容是关于青少年面临的挑战。A. pleased满意的；contents (书、作品等的)内容，目录；B. satisfied满意的；content内容；C. fluent流利的；contents (书、作品等的)内容，目录；D. content满足的；content内容。第一空，be pleased/satisfied/content with均表示“对……满意”；第二空，content表示“内容”时为可数名词，此处作定语从句的主语，由空后的are可知，应使用复数形式contents。 2．She has a unique ________ of dressing, which makes her stand out in the crowd. A．topic B．content C．personality D．style 【答案】D 【详解】句意：她有着独特的穿衣风格，这使她在人群中格外显眼。A. topic话题；B. content内容；C. personality个性；D. style风格。根据下文“of dressing”以及“makes her stand out in the crowd”可知，此处指她有着独特的“穿衣风格”，style of dressing表示“穿衣风格”，D选项符合句意。 3．The ________ of the new library is to provide students with more resources for study. A．schedule B．solution C．goal D．responsibility 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这座新图书馆的目标是为学生提供更多学习资源。A. schedule日程；B. solution解决办法；C. goal目标；D. responsibility责任。根据后文“to provide students with more resources for study”可知，此处是图书馆设立的目的。 4．The little girl was so ________ by the big dog that she couldn’t stop crying. A．happy B．frightened C．confused D．excited 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个小女孩被大狗吓得不停地哭。A. happy开心的；B. frightened害怕的；C. confused困惑的；D. excited兴奋的。根据后文“couldn’t stop crying”可知，小女孩感到害怕。 5．He was ________ by the beauty of the sunset and stood there speechless. A．attracted B．attacked C．addicted D．anxious 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他被日落的美景所吸引，站在那里说不出话来。A. attracted吸引；B. attacked攻击；C. addicted使上瘾；D. anxious焦虑的。由stood there speechless可知，他看到美景激动得说不出话，空格处表达“吸引”。 6．My little brother is so ________ that he can play outside all day without feeling tired. A．confident B．energetic C．separate D．outgoing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的小弟弟如此精力充沛，以至于他能在外面玩一整天而不觉得累。A. confident自信的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. separate分开的；D. outgoing外向的。根据he can play outside all day without feeling tired可知，弟弟能在外面玩一整天都不觉得累，他精力非常充沛。 7．We should ________ our energy on solving the most urgent problems. A．concentrate B．celebrate C．create D．cancel 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该集中精力解决最紧迫的问题。A. concentrate集中；B. celebrate庆祝；C. create创造；D. cancel取消。根据下文“our energy on solving the most urgent problems”可知，此处表示把精力集中在解决最紧迫的问题上，concentrate on为固定搭配，意为“集中精力于”，符合句意。 8．When I met my old classmate unexpectedly at the supermarket, an ________ silence fell between us for a moment. A．energetic B．awkward C．flexible D．concerned 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我在超市意外遇到老同学时，我们之间陷入了片刻尴尬的沉默。A. energetic精力充沛的；B. awkward令人尴尬的；C. flexible灵活的；D. concerned担心的。根据句意可知，意外相遇时两人之间出现的沉默是“令人尴尬的”。 9．These ancient paintings with unique styles ________ a great artist who lived in the Ming Dynasty hundreds of years ago. A．live up to B．benefit from C．refer to D．belong to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这些风格独特的古画属于几百年前生活在明代的一位伟大艺术家。A. live up to不辜负；B. benefit from从……中受益；C. refer to提到；D. belong to属于。根据前文“These ancient paintings”和后文“a great artist who lived in the Ming Dynasty”可知，此处表示画作的归属关系，应用belong to“属于”。 10．I still have a few sweet memories of my childhood ________, and I remember times ________ I explored caves in the mountains with my friends. A．in advance; that B．by chance; when C．in particular; when D．in addition; that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我尤其还留有几段童年的美好回忆，我记得那些和伙伴们一起进山探洞的时光。A. in advance提前；that是关系代词；B. by chance偶然；when是关系副词；C. in particular尤其；when是关系副词；D. in addition此外；that是关系代词。结合“have a few sweet memories”以及“I remember times ________ I explored caves in the mountains with my friends.”可知，此处强调尤其有一些童年甜蜜回忆，第一空填介词短语in particular；“_________ I explored caves in the mountains with my friends”是限制性定语从句修饰先行词times，关系词指代先行词在该从句中作时间状语，第二空要用关系副词when。 【题型二】单词拼写 1．Don’t be f________ (害怕) to make mistakes while learning new things. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】frightened/rightened 【详解】句意：在学习新事物时，不要害怕犯错。设空处位于系动词be后面充当表语，根据汉语提示“害怕”及首字母f可知，设空处应填入形容词frightened。短语be frightened to do sth意为“害怕做某事”。 2．His English teacher is very c________ (关心) about his study. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】concerned/oncerned 【详解】句意：他的英语老师非常关心他的学习。“关心”作表语，结合首字母提示，用形容词concerned，表明主语的心理状态。 3．We should take e________ (有效的) measures to protect the environment. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】effective/ffective 【详解】句意：我们应该采取有效措施保护环境。“有效的”修饰名词measures，结合首字母提示，用形容词effective作定语。 4．Under careful t________ (治疗), Tom picked up quickly. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】treatment/reatment 【详解】句意：在精心的治疗下，汤姆恢复得很快。根据首字母t及汉语提示“治疗”可知，此处应填入名词treatment，作介词under的宾语。 5．In a________(另外), important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】addition/ddition 【详解】句意：另外，由于计算机能力的不断增强，医学和环境科学取得了重要进展。根据汉语提示“另外”可知，此处应填入名词addition，构成固定短语in addition（另外，此外），在句中作状语。 6．The Chinese government is deeply c______________ (关心的) about the recent development. 【答案】concerned/oncerned 【详解】考查形容词。句意：中国政府对事态发展深表关切。短语be concerned about“关心；挂念”，故填concerned。 7．Later, Winton received various honours for his a__________ (成就，成绩), including a knighthood in 2003. 【答案】achievement/chievement 【详解】句意：后来，温顿因其成就获得了各种荣誉，包括2003年的骑士头衔。根据首字母a及汉语提示“成就，成绩”可知，应填名词achievement，在句中作介词for的宾语。 8．The temperature dropped s_________ (稍微) as the sun hid behind thick dark clouds. 【答案】slightly/lightly 【详解】句意：随着太阳躲进厚厚的乌云，气温略微下降了。根据首字母s及中文提示“稍微”可知，应用副词slightly，修饰动词dropped，作状语。 9．Sufficient sleep keeps us e_________ (精力充沛的) for study amid busy social activities. 【答案】energetic/nergetic 【详解】句意：充足的睡眠能让我们在繁杂的社交活动中保持精力充沛地投入学习。根据中文“精力充沛的”以及首字母提示可知，此处是形容词energetic，作宾补。 10．The new building destroy the b_______ (美丽) of the countryside. 【答案】beauty/eauty 【详解】句意：这座新建筑破坏了乡村的美丽。“美丽”作宾语，结合首字母提示，用名词beauty，不可数名词。 【题型三】单句语法填空 1．The sudden loud noise made the child (frighten) so he ran to his mother at once. 【答案】frightened 【详解】句意：突然的巨响吓坏了那个孩子，所以他立刻跑向妈妈。这里是made+宾语+宾补的结构，宾语是the child，空格处为宾语补足语；frighten的形容词形式有frightened（感到害怕的）和frightening（令人害怕的），此处描述孩子的感受，应用frightened，make sb. frightened意为“使某人感到害怕”。 2．As (schedule), the sports meet will last from December 19th to 21st in the playground. 【答案】scheduled 【详解】句意：按计划，运动会将于12月19日至21日在操场举行。as scheduled是常用的省略结构，意为“按计划，如期”，逻辑主语the sports meet和schedule之间是被动关系，所以用schedule的过去分词形式scheduled。 3．The (apply) of mind maps makes it easier for us to remember complicated grammar rules. 【答案】application 【详解】句意：思维导图的应用让我们更容易记住复杂的语法规则。此处位于定冠词the之后、介词of之前，需要名词作句子主语，动词apply的名词形式是application，意为“应用”。 4．For Western learners, taijiquan offers a different way of understanding the body. It changes the focus from external (strong) to internal awareness. 【答案】strength 【详解】句意：对于西方学习者来说，太极拳提供了一种理解身体的不同方式。它将关注点从外在力量转向内在感知。本空作from的宾语，用名词形式strength“力量”。 5．When you are under great (press) from study, the discussion with your friends can help you reduce anxiety that troubles you a lot. 【答案】pressure 【详解】句意：当你处于巨大的学习压力之下时，和朋友讨论有助于减轻困扰你的焦虑。本空作介词under的宾语，用press的名词形式pressure，under great pressure是固定搭配，意为“承受巨大压力”。 6．By sticking to a regular exercise plan, he has become much (slim) and more energetic than before. 【答案】slimmer 【详解】句意：通过坚持规律的锻炼计划，他变得比以前苗条得多，也更有活力。空后有比较级标志词than，much可用来修饰比较级，且and连接并列的比较级结构，故填slim的比较级形式slimmer。 7．Should the experimental results (prove) valid, we would carry out further large‑scale research. 【答案】prove 【详解】句意：如果实验结果被证实有效，我们将开展进一步的大规模研究。本句中虚拟条件句的引导词if被省略，将从句中的情态动词should提前至句首，形成部分倒装结构，情态动词should后必须接动词原形。 8．I hold the firm belief that you are bound to achieve your dream of being admitted to a key university, which will give you a wonderful sense of ．(achieve) 【答案】achievement 【详解】句意：我坚信你一定会实现考入重点大学的梦想，这会带给你绝妙的成就感。介词of后面需要接名词作宾语；结合所给词achieve对应的名词是achievement，a sense of achievement表示“成就感”。 9．I found myself having a fever this morning and I went to the clinic for immediate (treat). 【答案】treatment 【详解】句意：今天早上我发现自己发烧了，于是我去诊所接受即时治疗。设空处应填名词作介词for的宾语，treat的名词是treatment，意为“治疗”，不可数名词。 10．The Student Union is looking for someone (energy) and responsible for the position of chairman. 【答案】energetic 【详解】句意：学生会正在为主席一职寻找精力充沛且有责任心的人选。空处需用形容词与responsible并列，共同修饰不定代词someone作后置定语；名词energy的形容词形式为energetic，意为“精力充沛的”。 【题型四】完成句子+句型转换 1．我吓坏了，把书从衬衣里悄悄拿出来递了过去。 __________________________________, I slid the book out from inside the shirt and handed it over. 【答案】Frightened 【详解】设空处应填形容词作伴随状语，再结合句意“吓坏了的”是frightened，描述主语I的状态，句首单词首字母大写。 2．惊恐之下，我觉得我两腿发抖，手心冒汗。 ____________, I felt __________________. (形容词短语作状语) 【答案】 Extremely frightened my legs were trembling and my palms were sweating 【详解】表示“惊恐之下”为Extremely frightened，该形容词短语置于句首作状语修饰主语I的状态；表示“两腿发抖，手心冒汗”为 my legs were trembling and my palms were sweating，并列结构衔接两种身体反应，跟在felt之后作宾语从句。 3．The patients are ________________ (正在接受很好的治疗) in the central hospital. 【答案】under good treatment 【详解】句意：病患们正在中心医院接受良好的医治。固定短语under good treatment“正在接受很好的治疗”。 4．It is time to do... 句式     So if you have trouble getting a good night’s sleep, ___________ (也许是时候在生活方式上做出改变了). 【答案】it might be time to make some changes in your lifestyle 【详解】句意：因此，如果你晚上睡不好觉，也许是时候在生活方式上做出改变了。此处考查It is time to do...句式，表示“是时候做某事了”；结合语境，用might表示“也许”；“做出改变”为make some changes；“在生活方式上”为in your lifestyle。 5．A large amount of money was spent on the bridge. (句式转换)  =____________________ spent on the bridge. 【答案】Large amounts of money were 【详解】句意：这座桥花费了大量的资金。原句中的a large amount of为固定短语，意为“大量，许多”，通常用来修饰不可数名词，表达该意时，也可使用其复数形式large amounts of，将原句主语改写为Large amounts of money，原句使用一般过去时被动语态，改写后的句子也应用一般过去时被动语态，此时be动词应与amounts保持一致，用were，空处填Large amounts of money were。 6．由于采取了有效的措施，当地的环境问题已经得到控制。 With _________, the local environmental problems _________. 【答案】 effective measures have been controlled/have been under control 【详解】根据句意，第一空作介词with的宾语，“有效的措施”译为effective measures；第二空主语the local environmental problems和control为被动关系，结合“已经”用现在完成时被动语态，主语为名词复数，所以谓语动词为have been controlled；也可使用固定短语be under control表“得到控制”，对应have been under control。 7．He always tries to ________ ________ ________ his parents’ expectations. 他总是努力达到父母的期望。 【答案】 live up to 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“达到/不辜负某人的期望”应用固定搭配live up to one’s expectations，try to后接动词原形，所以此处填live up to，符合语境。 8．________ ________ ________ ________ ________ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. 已经证实孩童时期吃蔬菜有助于你往后抵抗严重疾病。 【答案】 It has been proved that 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。 结合汉语提示可知，空处应填“已经证实”，可用固定句型It has been proved that...来表达，其中It是形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，has been proved是现在完成时的被动语态，表示“已经被证实”。 故填：It has been proved that。 9．他们可以为祖国的发展做出贡献。 They can ______________________________________________ our motherland. 【答案】contribute to the development of 【详解】考查固定短语、情态动词、名词。表示“做出贡献”用contribute to，情态动词can后接动词原形。表示“发展”用development，作宾语。表示“祖国的发展”用the development of our motherland。故填contribute to the development of。 10．她在上午的体育课上晕厥，随即被紧急送往医院。 She________________ in her morning PE lesson and was rushed________________ hospital. 【答案】 passed out/fainted to 【详解】考查动词和介词。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“晕厥”应用pass out或faint，为动词，在本句中作谓语，因句子描述过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时；表示“送往”应用介词to，构成固定搭配be rushed to，表示“被紧急送往”，符合语境。故填passed out/fainted；to。 【题型五】选词填空 Passage A 用方框中所给的单词的适当形式填空。一空一词，每个词限填一次。 athletes     compare     diet     difference     fitness healthy     injury     instead     look     positive push-up     read     stress     sweat     worry I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible. I 1 about my weight and tried every new 2 I read about online. I tried no-fat, low-fat, 5:2, only bananas, no bananas -- I almost went bananas, too. Then I 3 an article that said instead of asking “Am I fat?” I should be asking “Am I fit?” I had no idea a letter could make such a 4 ! Once I started thinking about 5 rather than weight, things began to change. Instead of saying “I want to lose three kilos” I would say “I want to run two kilometers in eight minutes” or “I want to be able to do 30 6 ”. Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to my meals. I could still have a burger now and then, but I would add a salad or an apple. Finally, I stopped 7 myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body. 8 , I made a list of the things I liked about myself. By being 9 about myself and my body, I became both happier and 10 . 【答案】 1．worried 2．diet 3．read 4．difference 5．fitness 6．push-ups 7．comparing 8．Instead 9．positive 10．healthier 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要描述了作者自己健身的经历、健身前后的变化以及对健康的感悟。 1．考查动词时态。句意：我担心自己的体重，尝试了网上读到的每一种新饮食。根据前文“I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible.(我一直想看起来像电视上的苗条女孩，尽管我知道这是不可能的。)”可知，我担心自己的体重，worry“担心”符合语境，文章主时态是一般过去时，故填worried。 2．考查名词。句意同上。根据下文“I tried no-fat, low-fat, 5:2, only bananas, no bananas -- I almost went bananas, too.(我试过不吃脂肪，低脂，只吃香蕉，不吃香蕉——我也差不多快疯了）”可知，我尝试了网上读到的每一种新饮食，diet“饮食”符合语境。every修饰用单数，故填diet。 3．考查动词时态。句意：后来我读到一篇文章上说，不要问“我胖吗？”我应该问“我健康吗？”。根据下文“an article that said”可知，我读到一篇文章，read作谓语符合语境，描述过去的事情用一般过去时，故填read。 4．考查名词。句意：我竟然不知道一个字母能够有这么大的不同。根据前文“instead of asking “Am I fat?” I should be asking “Am I fit?””可知，此处表示有差距，difference“不同”符合句意，由不定冠词修饰用单数，故填difference。 5．考查名词。句意：一旦我开始考虑健康而不是体重时，事情就开始改变了。介词后接名词作宾语，根据句意，fitness“健康”符合语境，不可数名词，故填fitness。 6．考查名词。句意：与其说“我想减掉3公里”，不如说“我想在8分钟内跑2公里”或“我想能做30个俯卧撑”。数词修饰名词，根据句意，push-up“俯卧撑”，由30修饰用复数，故填push-ups。 7．考查动名词。句意：最后，我停止了与女演员和模特比较，停止寻找我的脸或身体有问题的地方。根据下文的“myself with actresses and models”可知，compare“比较”符合语境，stop doing，表示“停止做……”的意思。故填comparing。 8．考查副词。句意：相反，我列出了自己身上喜欢的东西。根据前后文内容可知，前后文是转折关系，instead“相反”符合语境，故填Instead。 9．考查形容词。句意：通过对自己的身体保持积极的态度，我变得更快乐、更健康。分析句子可知，空处用形容词置于be动词后作表语，根据句意，positive“积极的”符合语境，故填positive。 10．考查形容词的比较级。句意：通过对自己的身体保持积极的态度，我变得更快乐、更健康。became是系动词，由happier可知，healthy“健康的”符合语境，且用比较级，故填healthier。 Passage B 阅读下面文章，根据上下文从表格中选出适合的词，用其正确形式填空。（每词只能用一次） professor    addition    type    personality    confident likely    contain    enable    benefit    opportunity There are two 1 of people in this world: those who are 2 ask questions and those who shy away. Researchers from the University of Michigan set out to find out the different learning results between these two different 3 . They set up a long - term study across sixty - three different sixth grade math classes 4 513 students. Their results showed that shy students were less 5 to get help. The researchers started looking into ways that classroom environments in universities could be changed in order to help everyone feel comfortable asking questions. They concluded that having a warm, friendly 6 would help. In 7 , creating an uncompetitive environment would 8 quiet ones to ask questions. Though this may not change your mind in wanting to ask a question in class, just know that it is really 9 to your learning. Some of us may need to push ourselves to grasp the 10 to ask questions. We have to stop worrying about what others might think about us. All you have to do is raise your hand! 【答案】 1．types 2．confidently 3．personalities 4．containing 5．likely 6．professor 7．addition 8．enable 9．beneficial 10．opportunity 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出世界上有两种人，一种人可以自信地提问，另一种人回避提问。研究者们研究不同的方法让回避提问的人们可以大胆提问。 【详解】 1．考查名词。句意：这个世界上有两种人：自信提问的人和回避提问的人。由句意可知，世界上有两种人。名词type“种类”符合句意，句意表明是两种人，所以使用名词复数形式。故填types。 2．考查副词。句意：同上。由句意可知，世界上有两种人，一种是回避提问的人，所以空处应该是指与其相反的一类人，即自信提问的人，confident“自信的”符合句意，空后为动词ask，副词才能修饰动词。故填confidently。 3．考查名词。句意：密歇根大学的研究人员正着手找出这两种不同性格之间人们的不同学习结果。根据前文可知，一种人可以自信地提问，另一种人回避提问，这是两种不同性格的人，所以personality“性格”，符合句意。因为是两种不同的性格，所以使用名词复数形式。故填personalities。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们在63个不同的六年级数学课上开展了一项长期研究，研究包含 513 名学生。分析句子可知，研究包含513名学生，句中set up是谓语动词，所以contain应该使用非谓语的形式，其逻辑主语是study，所以contain的形式应表示主动。故填containing。 5．考查形容词。句意：他们的结果表明，害羞的学生不太可能获得帮助。由句意可知，害羞的学生不大可能得到帮助。固定用法be less likely to do sth意为“不太可能做某事”。故填likely。 6．考查名词。句意：他们得出的结论是，拥有一位热情友好的教授会有所帮助。上文中提到“classroom environments in universities(大学中的课堂环境)”和本句中“a warm, friendly…(一位热情友好的……)”指大学中的影响因素，而且又指人，所以professor“教授，讲师”符合句意。故填professor。 7．考查介词短语。句意：此外，创造一个没有竞争力的环境能够让安静的人提问。空处前文讲述了一个影响人们提问的因素。本句又提出了另外一个影响因素，所以in addition“此外，而且”符合上下文逻辑关系，in addition是固定搭配。故填addition。 8．考查动词。句意：同上。由句意可知，没有竞争力的环境能够让安静的人提问，enable“使能够”符合句意，enable sb to do sth“使某人能够做某事”，空前是情态动词would，其后动词应使用原形。故填enable。 9．考查形容词。句意：虽然这可能不会改变你想在课堂上提问的想法，但要知道这对你的学习真的很有帮助。提问有助于学习，be beneficial to sth“对……有好处”符合句意，所以应使用benefit的形容词。故填beneficial。 10．考查名词。句意：我们中的一些人可能需要迫使自己抓住提问的机会。前文表述了提问有助于学习，所以要抓住提问的机会，opportunity“机会”符合文意，grasp the opportunity to do sth意为“抓住机会做某事”。故填opportunity。 【题型六】语法填空 Passage A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Now teenagers always have some dark 1 (think) about their physical appearance. Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on 2 they think of their physical appearance. Teenagers who want to copy the looks of their favourite stars will end up 3 (feel) worse about themselves. Besides, 4 (they) friends with model­like good looks also influence the way 5 they view their physical appearance. However, there 6 (be) certainly ways to deal with these external influences. First, it’s wrong 7 (follow) popular beauty standards 8 (blind). It’s very important to accept what you are. Second, teenagers should believe that they are unique and that their family and friends love them just the way they are. Finally, 9 (try) to direct the attention away from negative thoughts. What they should do is to take pride 10 what they do well instead of worrying about things they cannot change. 【答案】 1．thoughts 2．how 3．feeling 4．their 5．that 6．are 7．to follow 8．blindly 9．try 10．in 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了青少年往往会受到关于外表的负面想法的影响，本文就如何减少这些影响提出了几点建议。 【详解】 1．考查名词。句意：现在的青少年总是对自己的外表有一些阴暗的想法。结合空前的“some dark”可知，此处应填名词作宾语，thought“想法”，可数名词，此处用复数形式，故填thoughts。 2．考查宾语从句。句意：媒体对美的标准对他们如何看待自己的外表有很大的影响。空处引导宾语从句，从句结构完整，结合句意可知，此处指“他们如何看待自己的外表”，应用连接副词how引导，故填how。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：想要模仿自己喜欢的明星长相的青少年最终会对自己感觉更糟。end up doing sth“以做某事结束”，此处应填动名词形式，故填feeling。 4．考查代词。句意：此外，他们的朋友像模特一样漂亮的外表也影响了他们看待自己外表的方式。空处修饰名词“friends”，应用形容词性物主代词，故填their。 5．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导定语从句，先行词是way，关系词应用关系代词that或者in whcih。再结合所给出的空可知，故填that。 6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，当然有办法处理这些外部影响。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语“ways”是名词复数，故填are。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：首先，盲目地遵循流行的审美标准是错误的。分析句子可知，it是形式主语，此处用动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to follow。 8．考查副词。句意同上。空处修饰动词“follow”，应用副词形式，故填blindly。 9．考查祈使句。句意：最后，试着把注意力从消极的想法上转移开。此处是祈使句，应用动词原形开头，故填try。 10．考查介词。句意：他们应该做的是为自己做得好而自豪，而不是担心自己无法改变的事情。take pride in“以……为自豪”，固定短语，故填in。 Passage B 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 You already know that smoking is bad for you and that drinking too much alcohol may 1 (short) your life. Now a new study says that spending too much time in a chair and not having enough sleep should join a short list of behaviors 2 (know) to increase your risk of premature death. Sitting for a long time and lack of sleep were damaging in their own way, but when combined with more traditional risk factors, 3 had a multiplier effect that made an early death far more likely. The findings, published in the journal PLOS Medicine, make clear that “some risk behaviors tend to come together and 4 the joint risk could be much higher than the sum of the individual risks”. For instance, smoking was the most dangerous risk factor among the six studied. The small number of people for 5 smoking was their only bad habit were 90 percent more likely to die during the course of the study than were people with practiced clean living in every aspect. People who reported high alcohol 6 (consume) as their only risk factor did not seem to put their lives in danger. But for those who combined heavy drinking with smoking, the risk of premature death was doubled. And when lack of sleep 7 (add) to the mix, the likelihood of an early death was nearly five times 8 (great) even though lack of sleep by itself had only a light effect 9 death. Considering factors such as age, gender, education and other factors, the researchers saw 10 clear pattern. It was a person’s bad lifestyle that contributed to his or her risk of premature death. 【答案】 1．shorten 2．known 3．they 4．that 5．whom 6．consumption 7．was added 8．greater 9．on 10．a 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了懒惰和缺乏睡眠会缩短你的寿命，尤其是当两者结合在一起时，风险可能远远高于单个风险的总和。 【详解】 1．考查动词。句意：你已经知道吸烟有害健康，酗酒可能会缩短你的寿命。情态动词may后接动词原形，表示“缩短”用动词shorten。故填shorten。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，一项新的研究表明，花太多时间坐在椅子上而睡眠不足应该加入一个已知会增加过早死亡风险的行为清单。分析句子成分可知，宾语从句的谓语动词为“should join”，所以提示词应为非谓语动词，与逻辑主语a short list of behaviors为动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填known。 3．考查代词。句意：久坐和睡眠不足本身就有危害，但当它们与更传统的风险因素结合在一起时，会产生乘数效应，使早死的可能性大大增加。分析句子成分可知，but后的分句中，主句缺少主语，结合句意应为代词they指代前文提到的“Sitting for a long time”和“lack of sleep”。故填they。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：发表在《公共科学图书馆·医学》(PLOS Medicine)杂志上的研究结果明确指出，“一些风险行为往往会结合在一起，且联合风险可能远远高于单个风险的总和”。分析句子成分可知，动词短语make clear后接了两个宾语从句，第二个宾语从句成分和意义都完整，所以用只起连接作用的that，且不可以省略。故填that。 5．考查定语从句。句意：在研究过程中，一小部分吸烟是唯一坏习惯的人死亡的可能性比在各方面都有实际清洁生活的人高90%。分析句子成分可知，“for_______smoking was their only bad habit”应为定语从句，修饰先行词people，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中充当介词“for”的宾语，应用关系代词whom。故填whom。 6．考查名词。句意：那些将大量饮酒作为唯一风险因素的人似乎并没有将自己的生命置于危险之中。作宾语，表示“饮用”应用名词consumption，不可数。故填consumption。 7．考查时态和语态。句意：如果再加上睡眠不足，早死的可能性会增加近5倍，尽管睡眠不足本身对死亡的影响很小。分析句子成分可知，空处为时间状语从句的谓语动词，根据主句谓语动词was判断为一般过去时，且主语lack of sleep和add之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语不可数，谓语用was。故填was added。 8．考查形容词比较级。句意同上。结合上下文语境可知，此处是把睡眠不足导致早死的风险和一般情况作对比，应用great的比较级greater作表语。故填greater。 9．考查介词。句意同7小题。结合句意表达“对……有影响”应用have an effect on。故填on。 10．考查冠词。句意：句意：考虑到年龄、性别、教育程度等因素，研究人员发现了一个清晰的模式。pattern“模式”是可数名词单数形式，此处是泛指，应添加不定冠词，且clear的发音是辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 【题型七】应用文写作 Passage A 假定你是李华，你的外国笔友Amy最近因身材和外貌焦虑，心情低落。请你给她写一封邮件安慰她，内容包括： 1. 正确看待外在形象；2. 内在美的重要性；3. 保持健康自信的心态。 注意：词数80左右，语句通顺，格式规范。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Amy, I’m sorry to hear that you feel upset because of appearance anxiety. I’d like to tell you that true beauty lies in inner qualities. Outer appearance is not the most valuable thing. Kindness, confidence and positive personalities are far more precious. To keep a good state, we can stay fit by keeping a balanced diet and doing regular exercise. Most importantly, learn to accept and love your unique self. Always hold confidence in yourself. You are the most special and beautiful person in your own way! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】要求以李华的身份给外国笔友Amy写邮件，针对她因身材和外貌焦虑而心情低落的情况进行安慰，内容需涵盖正确看待外在形象、强调内在美的重要性以及保持健康自信心态的建议。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 沮丧的：upset→depressed 在于：lie in→consist in 宝贵的：precious→valuable 保持：keep→maintain 1. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’d like to tell you that true beauty lies in inner qualities. 拓展句：I’d like to tell you that true beauty, which is what really matters, lies in inner qualities. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m sorry to hear that you feel upset because of appearance anxiety.（运用that引导宾语从句） 【高分句型2】To keep a good state, we can stay fit by keeping a balanced diet and doing regular exercise.（运用了不定式作目的状语） Passage B 假如你是李华，你们学校就“青少年是否应该整容”的问题进行讨论，要求每个同学用书信的形式投稿，发表自己的意见。请根据下面的提示写一篇短文。 2．你的观点：青少年不应该整容； 3．你的理由：对身体有害；分散学习的注意力；中学生过分注重外表不合适…… 注意： 4．词数80左右； 5．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Dear Editor， I’m Li Hua. I’m writing to express my opinions about whether teenagers should have plastic surgery. I strongly hold the view that teenagers shouldn’t have plastic surgery. Firstly, a teenager should not care about his appearance too much, but concentrate on his lessons. In other words, a teenager should improve himself by working hard. Secondly, a teenager is still growing and such surgery is likely to harm his health. Some teenagers had plastic surgery, which stopped them from returning to a normal life. Therefore, they regret having the surgery. In a word, a teenager should keep away from plastic surgery, read more books and lead a meaningful life. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求考生就“青少年是否应该整容”的问题发表自己的意见，写一封书信投稿，需陈述自己的观点，详述支撑该观点的理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 表达：express→convey 看法：opinion→view, thought 专注于：concentrate on→focus on 换句话说：in other words→that is to say 阻止某人做某事：stop sb. from doing sth.→prevent sb. from doing sth. 总之：in a word→in short, in brief 1. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Secondly, a teenager is still growing and such surgery is likely to harm his health. 拓展句：Secondly, a teenager is still growing and it is likely that such surgery will harm his health. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m writing to express my opinions about whether teenagers should have plastic surgery. (运用了whether引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] I strongly hold the view that teenagers shouldn’t have plastic surgery. (运用了that引导同位语从句) [高分句型3] Some teenagers had plastic surgery, which stopped them from returning to a normal life. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) $