Unit1-6单元易错知识点解析与配套练习2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

八年级英语（外研版）上册　单元易错知识点解析与配套练习 八年级英语（外研版）上册 单元易错知识点解析与配套练习 Unit 1—Unit 6 Unit 1　This is me 【单元话题】　自我认识、悦纳自我与成长历程中的自我突破 【语法项目】　现在完成时（一） 易错点 1：现在完成时结构助动词缺失与 have/has 的主语匹配错误 【易错点】　漏掉助动词写成 I finished my homework already，或主语为第三人称单数时误用 have 写成 She have grown taller。 【错因分析】　学生把现在完成时等同于一般过去时，只关注动词的过去分词形式，忽略了 have/has 这一必备的助动词成分。现在完成时由“have/has + 过去分词”两部分构成，缺一不可。其中 have 用于 I、you、we、they 及复数名词，has 用于第三人称单数。学生出错的两个根源：一是未建立“两部分结构”意识，二是主谓一致规则迁移不到位。 【正误对比】 【错例】I finished my homework already, so I can play basketball now. → 【正例】I have finished my homework already, so I can play basketball now. 【错例】She have grown ten centimetres taller since she entered junior high. → 【正例】She has grown ten centimetres taller since she entered junior high. 【错例】My brother has went to the school art club meeting. → 【正例】My brother has gone to the school art club meeting. 【语法规则】　完成时两件套，have/has 加过去分词；I/you/we/they 用 have，三单主语用 has。 易错点 2：规则动词过去分词的拼写变化遗漏 【易错点】　把 study 的过去分词写成 studyed，把 stop 的过去分词写成 stoped，把 like 的过去分词写成 likeed。 【错因分析】　学生只记住“加 -ed”这一条最简规则，未掌握词尾字母对变化方式的制约。规则动词的过去分词与过去式形式完全相同，变化规则也一致：① 一般动词直接加 -ed；② 以 e 结尾只加 -d；③ 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾变 y 为 i 再加 -ed；④ 重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写该字母再加 -ed。学生出错的根源是把“加 -ed”绝对化。 【正误对比】 【错例】My sister has studyed English for more than six years. → 【正例】My sister has studied English for more than six years. 【错例】The young player has stoped training because of his leg injury. → 【正例】The young player has stopped training because of his leg injury. 【错例】I have likeed this hobby since I was eight years old. → 【正例】I have liked this hobby since I was eight years old. 【语法规则】　过去分词同过去式，一般加 -ed，e 尾加 -d；辅音加 y 变 i，重读闭音节双写末辅。 易错点 3：不规则动词过去式与过去分词的混用 【易错点】　把 grow 的过去分词写成 grew，把 write 的过去分词写成 wrote，把 speak 的过去分词写成 spoke。 【错因分析】　学生已记住这些动词的过去式，在现在完成时中直接沿用过去式，未意识到部分不规则动词的过去式与过去分词形式不同。英语不规则动词按形态可分为三类：① A-B-B 型，过去式与过去分词相同（buy—bought—bought、make—made—made）；② A-B-C 型，三者各不相同（grow—grew—grown、write—wrote—written、speak—spoke—spoken、take—took—taken）；③ A-A-A 型，三者相同（put—put—put、cut—cut—cut）。 【正误对比】 【错例】My cousin has grew a lot taller since last summer holiday. → 【正例】My cousin has grown a lot taller since last summer holiday. 【错例】He has wrote three short stories about his own growth. → 【正例】He has written three short stories about his own growth. 【错例】She has spoke in front of the whole class many times. → 【正例】She has spoken in front of the whole class many times. 【语法规则】　不规则动词分三类，A-B-B、A-B-C、A-A-A；grew 是过去式，grown 才是过去分词。 易错点 4：现在完成时与一般过去时的时间状语判定混淆 【易错点】　把“我昨天完成了作业”写成 I have finished my homework yesterday。 【错因分析】　学生把现在完成时简单理解为“过去做的事”，忽略了它与现在的联系，也忽略了明确过去时间状语的排他性。英语中，一般过去时强调过去某一时间发生的动作，与 yesterday、last week、in 2024、three years ago 等连用；现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在，与 already、yet、just、ever、never、since、for 等连用。句中出现明确的过去时间状语时，只能用一般过去时。 【正误对比】 【错例】I have finished my self-introduction speech yesterday afternoon. → 【正例】I finished my self-introduction speech yesterday afternoon. 【错例】He has joined the school basketball team three years ago. → 【正例】He joined the school basketball team three years ago. 【错例】She has seen the famous scientist in the school hall last Friday. → 【正例】She saw the famous scientist in the school hall last Friday. 【语法规则】　yesterday、last、ago 用过去，already、yet、since、for 用完成；明确过去时间状，完成时不可用。 易错点 5：already、yet、just、ever、never 的句式与位置误用 【易错点】　把“我已经读完了这本书”写成 I have read already this book，把否定句写成 I haven't already finished it。 【错因分析】　学生的错误包含两个层面：① 位置错误，把副词按汉语语序放在动词之后；② 句式错误，未区分 already 与 yet 各自适用的句式。英语中 already、just、ever、never 位于 have/has 与过去分词之间；yet 只用于否定句和疑问句，且位于句末。学生常因不熟悉这一位置规律而按汉语习惯排列。 【正误对比】 【错例】I have read already this interesting book about self-growth. → 【正例】I have already read this interesting book about self-growth. 【错例】I haven't already finished my growth diary for this week. → 【正例】I haven't finished my growth diary for this week yet. 【错例】Have you finished your self-evaluation already? → 【正例】Have you finished your self-evaluation yet? 【语法规则】　already/just/ever/never 居中间，位于助动词与分词之间；yet 只配否定疑问，句末安家。 易错点 6：have been to 与 have gone to 的语境错配 【易错点】　把“他去北京了（人不在这里）”写成 He has been to Beijing，把“他去过北京两次”写成 He has gone to Beijing twice。 【错因分析】　学生只记住两个短语都表示“去某地”，未注意它们在“人现在在哪里”这一点上的本质差别。have/has been to 表示去过某地，人已回来，常与 twice、before、ever 等连用；have/has gone to 表示去了某地，人不在这里，不能与表示次数的词连用；have/has been in 表示待在某地一段时间，常与 for、since 连用。判断的核心依据是人现在所处的位置。 【正误对比】 【错例】— Where is your brother? — He has been to the school library. → 【正例】— Where is your brother? — He has gone to the school library. 【错例】My cousin has gone to Shanghai three times with his parents. → 【正例】My cousin has been to Shanghai three times with his parents. 【错例】I have been to Beijing for three years. → 【正例】I have been in Beijing for three years. 【语法规则】　been to 去过已回来，gone to 去了尚未归；been in 待在某地久，时间段后常相随。 易错点 7：现在完成时否定句与疑问句中过去分词形式改变 【易错点】　把否定句写成 He hasn't knew the answer，把疑问句写成 Did he have known the answer? 【错因分析】　学生把一般现在时的否定、疑问方式套用到现在完成时上，借助 do/does；或只改动助动词而忽略了过去分词的形式必须保持不变。正确做法是：否定句在 have/has 后加 not，过去分词保持不变；一般疑问句把 have/has 提至句首，过去分词同样不变；简略回答用 Yes, he has. / No, he hasn't.。各种句式变化都围绕助动词 have/has 进行。 【正误对比】 【错例】He hasn't knew the answer to this question about self-confidence. → 【正例】He hasn't known the answer to this question about self-confidence. 【错例】Did he have known the result of the self-assessment? → 【正例】Has he known the result of the self-assessment? 【错例】Has he knew his own strengths and weaknesses? → 【正例】Has he known his own strengths and weaknesses? 【语法规则】　否定 has 后加 not，疑问 has 提句首；过去分词不改变，简答 Yes, he has. 记心头。 Unit 1　This is me · 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I ______ (grow) a lot taller and more confident since I entered junior high school. 2. My cousin ______ (make) great progress in English this term. 3. They ______ (not finish) their self-introduction videos yet. 4. ______ you ever ______ (be) to the science museum in our city? 5. My brother ______ (join) the school basketball team and he trains every day. 6. He ______ (write) three short stories about his own growth since last year. 7. We ______ (know) each other for more than five years. 8. ______ she ______ (see) the new film about teenage growth yet? 9. I ______ (not see) my primary school teacher since last summer. 10. My father ______ just ______ (come) back from a parent-teacher meeting. 二、按要求改写句子 11. I have already finished my self-assessment form. (改为否定句) I ______ finished my self-assessment form ______. 12. He has visited the Great Wall with his family. (改为一般疑问句) ______ he ______ the Great Wall with his family? 13. She has lived in this city for ten years. (对划线部分 for ten years 提问) ______ ______ has she lived in this city? 14. They have been to Shanghai twice. (对划线部分 twice 提问) ______ ______ ______ have they been to Shanghai? 15. My sister joined the school music club two years ago. (用现在完成时改写句子) My sister ______ ______ in the school music club for two years. 三、单句改错（每句有一处错误） 16. （诊断改错）She have grown much taller and more confident than before. -> ____________________ 17. （诊断改错）I have finished my growth diary yesterday evening. -> ____________________ 18. （诊断改错）My cousin has went to the school art club twice this term. -> ____________________ 19. （诊断改错）I have read already this interesting book about self-growth. -> ____________________ 20. （诊断改错）He has been to the school library, so you can't find him in the classroom. -> ____________________ 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I am Li Hua. I 1. ______ (be) a student of Grade Eight now. Great changes 2. ______ (take) place in me since I entered junior high school. I 3. ______ (grow) ten centimetres taller and become much more confident. In the past, I was afraid of speaking in front of the class. But now I 4. ______ (make) many good friends and I am not shy any more. My English 5. ______ (improve) a lot since my teacher gave me some helpful advice. I 6. ______ (read) more than twenty English storybooks so far. I 7. ______ (not give) up my hobby of drawing. I 8. ______ (join) the school art club this term. So far, I 9. ______ (take) part in three art shows. I believe I 10. ______ (become) a better person in the future. Unit 2　Getting along 【单元话题】　人际交往、换位思考与同伴间的理解包容 【语法项目】　现在完成时（二）：since 与 for 的用法；延续性动词 易错点 1：since 与 for 后接成分的时间属性误判 【易错点】　把“我已经学英语六年了”写成 I have learned English since six years，把“自从 2020 年”写成 for 2020。 【错因分析】　学生把 since 与 for 都理解为“一段时间”，未区分二者后接成分的时间属性。since 后必须接时间点（since 2020、since last year、since I came here、since three o'clock），表示动作的起始时间；for 后必须接时间段（for six years、for three months、for a long time），表示动作持续的时长。判断依据是后面接的是“点”还是“段”，这与汉语中“六年”“2020 年”表达形式相近有关。 【正误对比】 【错例】I have learned English since six years and I really enjoy it. → 【正例】I have learned English for six years and I really enjoy it. 【错例】My family has lived in this community for 2020. → 【正例】My family has lived in this community since 2020. 【错例】We have been good friends since three years. → 【正例】We have been good friends for three years. 【语法规则】　since 后接时间点，for 后接时间段；点用 since 段用 for，判断依据看后词。 易错点 2：非延续性动词与 for/since 时间段连用 【易错点】　把“他买这辆车三年了”写成 He has bought the car for three years，把“他入团两年了”写成 He has joined the club for two years。 【错因分析】　学生只注意句子意思，忽略了 buy、join、leave 等词表示的是瞬间完成的动作，无法在时间轴上延续，因而不能与表示时间段的 for/since 连用。英语中遇到这类情况必须改用相应的延续性表达：buy→have、join→be in/be a member of、borrow→keep、leave→be away from、die→be dead、begin/start→be on、come→be here、go→be there。 【正误对比】 【错例】My father has bought the family car for three years. → 【正例】My father has had the family car for three years. 【错例】My deskmate has joined the school volunteer club for two years. → 【正例】My deskmate has been in the school volunteer club for two years. 【错例】I have borrowed this book from the library for a week. → 【正例】I have kept this book from the library for a week. 【语法规则】　瞬间动词不延续，for/since 前须替换；buy 变 have，join 变 be in，borrow 变 keep 记心间。 易错点 3：since 引导从句的时态误用现在完成时 【易错点】　把“我们自从成为同学就一直是好朋友”写成 We have been good friends since we have been classmates。 【错因分析】　学生受主句现在完成时的影响，把 since 从句也用现在完成时，未掌握 since 从句在语义上锚定的是一个过去的时间起点这一特点。英语语法规定：主句用现在完成时，since 引导的从句必须用一般过去时，表示该时间起点发生在过去某一时刻。同理，在“It is/has been + 时间段 + since 从句”句型中，since 从句也必须用一般过去时。 【正误对比】 【错例】We have been good friends since we have become classmates. → 【正例】We have been good friends since we became classmates. 【错例】He has changed a lot since he has entered junior high school. → 【正例】He has changed a lot since he entered junior high school. 【错例】It has been three years since I have known him. → 【正例】It has been three years since I knew him. 【语法规则】　since 从句锚过去，一般过去时莫迟疑；主句完成时相连，It is 时间 since 过去式。 易错点 4：现在完成时表示经历的用法与一般过去时混淆 【易错点】　把“你去过长城吗”写成 Did you ever go to the Great Wall，把“我从未见过他”写成 I never saw him。 【错因分析】　学生把“有没有过某种经历”与“某一次具体的行为”混为一谈。英语中，表示到现在为止的经历用现在完成时，常与 ever、never、before、twice、three times 等连用；表示过去某一次的具体经历用一般过去时，常与 last year、in 2024 等连用。判断依据是句子强调的是“经历的有无”还是“具体的那一次”。 【正误对比】 【错例】Did you ever go to the Great Wall with your family? → 【正例】Have you ever been to the Great Wall with your family? 【错例】I never saw such a warm-hearted classmate before. → 【正例】I have never seen such a warm-hearted classmate before. 【错例】Have you visited the science museum last Sunday? → 【正例】Did you visit the science museum last Sunday? 【语法规则】　经历有无用完成，ever/never/before 相随；具体某次用过去，last/in + 年份记分明。 易错点 5：现在完成时与一般过去时的时态判定混淆 【易错点】　把“我三年前见过他”写成 I have seen him three years ago。 【错因分析】　学生只关注动作本身，未注意句子是否指向具体的过去时间。现在完成时与现在有联系，不指出具体过去时间（I have seen him. He is over there.）；一般过去时指向过去的具体时间（I saw him three years ago.）。判断的关键是句中是否出现 ago、last、yesterday、in + 过去年份等明确的时间状语——出现这类状语时，一律用一般过去时。 【正误对比】 【错例】I have seen him three years ago at the school gate. → 【正例】I saw him three years ago at the school gate. 【错例】They have moved to this neighbourhood last month. → 【正例】They moved to this neighbourhood last month. 【错例】I have met him. He is over there.（原句正确，强调对现在的影响） → 【正例】I have met him. He is over there. 【语法规则】　明确过去时间状，一律使用过去时；现在完成不指时，强调影响与延续。 易错点 6：现在完成时与一般现在时表示“持续”的误用 【易错点】　把“我们认识五年了”写成 We know each other for five years，把“他住在这里”写成 He lives here since 2021。 【错因分析】　学生把汉语的“认识五年了”“住在这里”直接对应成一般现在时，未意识到英语中表示动作或状态从过去持续到现在必须使用现在完成时。一般现在时表示经常、习惯或客观事实，不能与 for、since 表示持续时间的用法连用。这一差异源于汉语没有时态形态变化，而英语必须通过时态体现时间跨度。 【正误对比】 【错例】We know each other for five years and we often help each other. → 【正例】We have known each other for five years and we often help each other. 【错例】He lives in this neighbourhood since 2021. → 【正例】He has lived in this neighbourhood since 2021. 【错例】I am a member of the reading club for two years. → 【正例】I have been a member of the reading club for two years. 【语法规则】　持续到现在用完成，for/since 是标志；一般现在表经常，不与时间段连用。 易错点 7：现在完成时的常见时间状语识别遗漏 【易错点】　把“到目前为止我已经读了二十本书”写成 So far I read twenty books。 【错因分析】　学生对 so far、up to now、in the past few years、these days、recently 等状语所要求的时态缺乏整理，按句子意思误用一般过去时。英语中，这类状语表示从过去延续到现在的时间跨度，与现在完成时严格搭配。学生出错的原因是只熟悉 already、yet 等少数几个标志词，对 so far 这类状语缺乏敏感度。 【正误对比】 【错例】So far I read twenty books about personal growth. → 【正例】So far I have read twenty books about personal growth. 【错例】In the past few years he made great progress in his study. → 【正例】In the past few years he has made great progress in his study. 【错例】These days I finished three volunteer activities. → 【正例】These days I have finished three volunteer activities. 【语法规则】　so far、up to now、in the past 几年，these days、recently 配完成；时间状语先识别，时态选择不出偏。 Unit 2　Getting along · 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. We have been good friends since we ______ (become) classmates in Grade Seven. 2. My deskmate ______ (keep) this interesting book for two weeks. 3. My grandfather ______ (be) dead for five years, but I still miss him. 4. She ______ (be) in the school volunteer club for three years. 5. I ______ (not hear) from my primary school friend since last month. 6. The class meeting ______ (be) on for ten minutes. 7. They ______ (know) each other since 2020. 8. ______ you ever ______ (visit) the science museum in our city? 9. We ______ (move) to this neighbourhood three years ago. 10. My friend ______ (have) this bicycle for half a year. 二、按要求改写句子 11. He has lived in this community for ten years. (对划线部分 for ten years 提问) ______ ______ has he lived in this community? 12. I bought this storybook two weeks ago. (用现在完成时改写句子) I ______ ______ this storybook for two weeks. 13. She joined the school volunteer club last year. (用现在完成时改写句子) She ______ ______ ______ the school volunteer club for a year. 14. They have known each other since 2019. (改为一般疑问句) ______ they ______ each other since 2019? 15. He has been away from his hometown for three days. (用 leave 改写句子，改为一般过去时) He ______ his hometown three days ago. 三、单句改错（每句有一处错误） 16. （诊断改错）I have learned English since five years and I really enjoy it. -> ____________________ 17. （诊断改错）My father has bought the family car for three years. -> ____________________ 18. （诊断改错）We have been good friends since we have become classmates. -> ____________________ 19. （诊断改错）I have seen him three years ago at the school gate. -> ____________________ 20. （诊断改错）My deskmate has joined the school volunteer club for two years. -> ____________________ 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Getting along well with others is an important lesson in our life. I have a good friend. His name is Wang Ming. We 1. ______ (know) each other for six years. We 2. ______ (become) friends when we were in Grade Three. Since then, we 3. ______ (share) our happiness and worries with each other. He 4. ______ (be) in the school basketball team for two years. I 5. ______ (be) in the reading club since last term. We are quite different, but we 6. ______ (never quarrel) with each other. Last month, we 7. ______ (have) a small argument about a basketball game. But we 8. ______ (talk) about it patiently and solved the problem. I think friendship is like a young plant. It 9. ______ (need) care and patience. We 10. ______ (be) good friends since we met, and I believe we will be friends forever. Unit 3　Make it happen! 【单元话题】　发明创造、科学探索与把想法变成现实的行动力 【语法项目】　动词不定式与动名词 易错点 1：只接动词不定式作宾语的动词后误用动名词 【易错点】　把“他决定参加比赛”写成 He decided joining the competition，把“我希望成为一名发明家”写成 I hope becoming an inventor。 【错因分析】　学生对动词后接不定式还是动名词缺乏分类记忆，凭语感选择。英语中有一批动词只能接动词不定式作宾语，包括 decide、hope、wish、plan、want、agree、learn、promise、refuse、offer、would like 等。这类动词的共同特点是其后表示的动作往往尚未发生，具有指向未来的语义特征，因而用不定式（to do）表达。学生出错的原因是没有对这类动词进行归类记忆。 【正误对比】 【错例】Our group decided joining the school invention competition this term. → 【正例】Our group decided to join the school invention competition this term. 【错例】I hope becoming a young inventor like Easton LaChappelle. → 【正例】I hope to become a young inventor like Easton LaChappelle. 【错例】My cousin wants going to the science museum this weekend. → 【正例】My cousin wants to go to the science museum this weekend. 【语法规则】　decide/hope/want/plan/agree 等，后接不定式 to do；动作未发生，指向未来。 易错点 2：只接动名词作宾语的动词后误用不定式 【易错点】　把“他喜欢发明小东西”写成 He enjoys to invent small things，把“她读完了这本书”写成 She finished to read the book。 【错因分析】　学生把“动词后接 to do”当作通用规则，未掌握 enjoy、finish、mind、practise、keep、suggest、avoid、give up 等词后只接动名词这一限制。这类动词所表示的动作往往已经发生或正在进行，具有“已有之事”的语义特征，因而用动名词（doing）表达。学生出错的原因是把部分动词的规则推广到了所有动词。 【正误对比】 【错例】My brother enjoys to invent small things with recycled materials. → 【正例】My brother enjoys inventing small things with recycled materials. 【错例】She finished to read the book about great inventors yesterday. → 【正例】She finished reading the book about great inventors yesterday. 【错例】Would you mind to open the window for some fresh air? → 【正例】Would you mind opening the window for some fresh air? 【语法规则】　enjoy/finish/mind/practise/keep，后接动名词 doing；动作已发生或持续。 易错点 3：stop、remember、forget 后接不定式与动名词的语义混淆 【易错点】　把“他停下来去休息”写成 He stopped having a rest，把“记得带笔记本”写成 Remember bringing your notebook。 【错因分析】　学生只记住这些动词可以接两种形式，未掌握两种形式所表示的动作发生时间不同这一关键区别。stop to do 表示停下来去做另一件事（to do 的动作尚未发生）；stop doing 表示停止正在做的事（doing 的动作正在进行）。remember/forget to do 表示记得/忘记去做（尚未做）；remember/forget doing 表示记得/忘记做过（已经做过）。判断依据是动作是否已经发生。 【正误对比】 【错例】After working on the model for three hours, he stopped having a rest. → 【正例】After working on the model for three hours, he stopped to have a rest. 【错例】Remember bringing your science notebook to the lab tomorrow. → 【正例】Remember to bring your science notebook to the lab tomorrow. 【错例】I forgot to meet him at the science fair, but I knew his name. → 【正例】I forgot meeting him at the science fair, but I knew his name. 【语法规则】　to do 未做将要做，doing 已做已完成；stop/remember/forget 三词，两种形式意不同。 易错点 4：介词后误接动词原形或不定式 【易错点】　把“他擅长修理东西”写成 He is good at repair things，把“我期待见到你”写成 I am looking forward to see you。 【错因分析】　学生未建立“介词后一律接动名词”这一规则，同时也容易把 look forward to、be used to 中的 to 误当作不定式符号。英语中，介词（at、in、for、of、about 等）后必须接名词、代词或动名词。特别需要注意的是，look forward to、be used to、devote oneself to 中的 to 是介词而非不定式符号，其后同样接动名词。 【正误对比】 【错例】My cousin is good at repair old machines and making new things. → 【正例】My cousin is good at repairing old machines and making new things. 【错例】I am looking forward to see the young inventor at the science fair. → 【正例】I am looking forward to seeing the young inventor at the science fair. 【错例】He is interested in invent new useful things for people. → 【正例】He is interested in inventing new useful things for people. 【语法规则】　介词后接动名词，look forward to 中 to 是介词；be used to、devote to 同此理。 易错点 5：不定式作目的状语时结构缺失 【易错点】　把“他去图书馆借书”写成 He went to the library borrow books。 【错因分析】　学生不了解不定式可以作目的状语，直接用两个动词并列，造成句子结构错误。英语中表示“为了……”时，用“to + 动词原形”构成不定式短语作目的状语，置于主句之后或句首（置于句首时起强调作用，后加逗号）。此外，不定式的否定形式为 in order not to do 或 so as not to do，not 必须位于 to 之前。 【正误对比】 【错例】My brother went to the science museum borrow some books about inventions. → 【正例】My brother went to the science museum to borrow some books about inventions. 【错例】He got up early in order to not miss the science lecture. → 【正例】He got up early in order not to miss the science lecture. 【错例】Solve this problem, the young inventor tried many different ways. → 【正例】To solve this problem, the young inventor tried many different ways. 【语法规则】　目的状语用 to do，置于句末或句首；否定形式 not to do，not 必在 to 之前。 易错点 6：动名词作主语时谓语动词单复数错配 【易错点】　把“读书是他的爱好”写成 Read books is his hobby，把“保护环境很重要”写成 Protect the environment is important。 【错因分析】　学生把动词原形直接放在主语位置，未掌握动词作主语时必须改为动名词或不定式这一要求。英语中，动名词或不定式作主语时，谓语动词一律用单数形式。学生出错的两个根源：一是受汉语“读书是……”句式影响直接使用动词原形；二是虽然改成了动名词，却未注意谓语的单复数。 【正误对比】 【错例】Read books about science is his favourite hobby after school. → 【正例】Reading books about science is his favourite hobby after school. 【错例】Protect the environment are important for every one of us. → 【正例】Protecting the environment is important for every one of us. 【错例】Invent new things need a lot of patience and courage. → 【正例】Inventing new things needs a lot of patience and courage. 【语法规则】　动名词作主语，谓语一律用单数；动词原形不可作主，须加 -ing。 易错点 7：不定式作主语时 It 作形式主语的缺失与 to 遗漏 【易错点】　把“学会与他人合作很重要”写成 Learn to work with others is important，或写成 It is important learn to work with others。 【错因分析】　学生不了解英语中常用 It 作形式主语、把真正的主语（不定式短语）后置这一句式特点，因而出现两种错误：① 直接把不定式短语置于句首作主语，使句子显得头重脚轻；② 使用 It 作形式主语时，遗漏了后置不定式中的 to。正确结构为“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”，其中 to 不能省略。 【正误对比】 【错例】It is important learn to work with others in a team. → 【正例】It is important to learn to work with others in a team. 【错例】It is hard finishing the model within one day. → 【正例】It is hard to finish the model within one day. 【错例】To invent a useful machine it takes great patience. → 【正例】It takes great patience to invent a useful machine. 【语法规则】　It 作形式主语句后置，结构 It is + adj. + to do；to 不可省，形式主语占首位。 易错点 8：spend、be worth 等固定搭配中误用不定式 【易错点】　把“他花了两小时完成这个模型”写成 He spent two hours to finish the model，把“做这件事是值得的”写成 It is worth to do it。 【错因分析】　学生对 spend、be worth 等词后的固定搭配记忆不牢，按一般规则推断，因而误用不定式。英语中有一批固定搭配要求使用动名词：spend time (in) doing sth.、be worth doing、It is no use doing、be busy doing、have fun doing、can't help doing。这些结构中的动词形式必须用 doing，不能用 to do。 【正误对比】 【错例】The young inventor spent two years to finish his first robotic arm. → 【正例】The young inventor spent two years finishing his first robotic arm. 【错例】It is worth to try again even if you fail the first time. → 【正例】It is worth trying again even if you fail the first time. 【错例】It is no use to complain about the difficulties. → 【正例】It is no use complaining about the difficulties. 【语法规则】　spend time doing、be worth doing、no use doing；固定搭配用动名，不可改用不定式。 Unit 3　Make it happen! · 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. He decided ______ (invent) a useful machine for his grandfather last year. 2. My sister enjoys ______ (draw) pictures of new machines and robots. 3. Please remember ______ (close) the door when you leave the science lab. 4. He stopped ______ (have) a rest after working on the model for three hours. 5. She is good at ______ (solve) problems in new and creative ways. 6. I am looking forward to ______ (meet) the young inventor at the science fair. 7. They kept ______ (try) until they finally succeeded. 8. ______ (read) books about science is his favourite hobby. 9. He got up early in order ______ (catch) the first bus to the science museum. 10. I forgot ______ (bring) my notebook, so I had to borrow one from my deskmate. 二、按要求改写句子 11. He wants to become an inventor. (改为同义句，用 hope) He ______ ______ become an inventor. 12. She finished her homework and then watched TV. (用 finish doing 改写句子) She finished ______ her homework and then watched TV. 13. He is interested in science. He often reads books about it. (用 be interested in doing 合并句子) He is interested in ______ books about science. 14. He worked hard so that he could make his dream come true. (用不定式改写句子) He worked hard ______ ______ his dream come true. 15. To learn from others is important. (用 It 作形式主语改写句子) ______ is important ______ ______ from others. 三、单句改错（每句有一处错误） 16. （诊断改错）Our group decided joining the school invention competition this term. -> ____________________ 17. （诊断改错）My brother enjoys to invent small things with recycled materials. -> ____________________ 18. （诊断改错）My cousin is good at repair old machines and making new things. -> ____________________ 19. （诊断改错）I am looking forward to see the young inventor at the science fair. -> ____________________ 20. （诊断改错）Read books about science is his favourite hobby after school. -> ____________________ 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Easton LaChappelle is a young inventor from the United States. He started 1. ______ (build) things when he was a child. He enjoyed 2. ______ (take) old machines apart and putting them together again. When he was fourteen, he decided 3. ______ (make) a robotic arm. He wanted 4. ______ (help) a girl who had lost her arm. It was not easy at all. He kept 5. ______ (try) and never gave up. He was good at 6. ______ (learn) from his mistakes. He spent two years 7. ______ (finish) his first robotic arm. Later, he set up a company in order 8. ______ (make) better and cheaper arms for more people. He says, "Never stop 9. ______ (dream). If you keep working hard, you 10. ______ (make) it happen." Unit 4　Digital life 【单元话题】　数字生活方式、科技理性使用与网络安全意识 【语法项目】　动词不定式作宾语补足语 易错点 1：不定式作宾语补足语时 to 的遗漏 【易错点】　把“老师让我们用手机查资料”写成 Our teacher asks us use the phone to look up information。 【错因分析】　学生把 make、let 等词后省略 to 的用法推广到了所有动词，未掌握 ask、tell、want、would like、advise、invite、encourage、allow、warn 等动词后的不定式必须带 to 这一规则。这类动词后接“宾语 + to do”结构，to 不可省略。学生出错的原因是把个别动词的特殊用法误当作普遍规律。 【正误对比】 【错例】Our teacher asks us use digital devices wisely in daily life. → 【正例】Our teacher asks us to use digital devices wisely in daily life. 【错例】My parents tell me do not spend too much time on short videos. → 【正例】My parents tell me not to spend too much time on short videos. 【错例】He wants me help him with his new computer. → 【正例】He wants me to help him with his new computer. 【语法规则】　ask/tell/want/advise/allow 等，后接宾语加 to do；to 不可省，否定式 not to do。 易错点 2：使役动词与感官动词后不定式 to 的误加 【易错点】　把“妈妈让我少玩游戏”写成 My mother makes me to play fewer games，把“我看见她用这个软件”写成 I saw her to use the app。 【错因分析】　学生只记住“宾语补足语用不定式”这一条，未掌握 make、let、have 三个使役动词以及 see、hear、watch、feel、notice 等感官动词后必须省略 to 这一特殊用法。这类动词后接“宾语 + 动词原形”结构，to 必须省略。学生出错的原因是把 ask、tell 类的规则不加区分地套用到了所有动词上。 【正误对比】 【错例】My mother makes me to play fewer computer games on weekdays. → 【正例】My mother makes me play fewer computer games on weekdays. 【错例】I saw her to use the new learning app on her phone. → 【正例】I saw her use the new learning app on her phone. 【错例】Let him to take a break from the screen for a while. → 【正例】Let him take a break from the screen for a while. 【语法规则】　make/let/have 与感官动词，后接宾语加动词原形；主动语态省 to，切莫多加。 易错点 3：被动语态中省略的 to 未还原 【易错点】　把“他被要求放下手机”写成 He was made put down his phone。 【错因分析】　学生只记住主动语态中 make 后省略 to，变为被动语态后仍按原样处理，未意识到 to 必须还原。英语语法规定：make、see、hear 等动词变为被动语态后，原来在主动语态中省略的 to 必须恢复，构成“be made to do”“be seen to do”“be heard to do”等结构。这是主动语态与被动语态在不定式处理上的重要差异。 【正误对比】 【错例】He was made put down his phone before the important exam. → 【正例】He was made to put down his phone before the important exam. 【错例】A stranger was seen enter the school computer room yesterday. → 【正例】A stranger was seen to enter the school computer room yesterday. 【错例】The students were heard sing an English song in the classroom. → 【正例】The students were heard to sing an English song in the classroom. 【语法规则】　主动省 to 被动还，be made to do 记心间；see/hear 同此理，被动语态 to 必现。 易错点 4：不定式否定形式误用 don't 【易错点】　把“老师告诉我们在网上不要泄露个人信息”写成 The teacher tells us don't give out personal information online。 【错因分析】　学生把祈使句的否定形式（don't + 动词原形）直接搬进宾语补足语位置，未掌握不定式的否定式应为“not to do”这一规则。英语中，不定式的否定形式是在 to 之前加 not，而不是使用 don't。这一错误在 tell、ask、want、advise、warn 等动词后尤为常见。 【正误对比】 【错例】The teacher tells us don't give out our personal information online. → 【正例】The teacher tells us not to give out our personal information online. 【错例】My mother asked me don't be late for the online class. → 【正例】My mother asked me not to be late for the online class. 【错例】The doctor warned us don't look at the screen for too long. → 【正例】The doctor warned us not to look at the screen for too long. 【语法规则】　不定式否定 not to do，not 位于 to 之前；don't 是祈使否定，不可用于宾补。 易错点 5：help 后误接动名词 【易错点】　把“他帮我修好了电脑”写成 He helped me repairing the computer。 【错因分析】　学生把 help 与 enjoy、finish 等接动名词的动词归为一类，未掌握 help 后接不定式且可省略 to 这一特点。英语中，help 后可接“help sb. do sth.”（省略 to）或“help sb. to do sth.”（带 to），两种形式都正确，但不能接动名词。学生出错的原因是对 help 的用法缺乏专门记忆。 【正误对比】 【错例】My friend helped me repairing my computer last weekend. → 【正例】My friend helped me repair my computer last weekend. / My friend helped me to repair my computer last weekend. 【错例】The new app helps students learning new words more easily. → 【正例】The new app helps students learn new words more easily. 【错例】Could you help me carrying these books to the classroom? → 【正例】Could you help me carry these books to the classroom? 【语法规则】　help sb. (to) do sth.，to 可省可不省；后接动词原形，绝不接动名词。 易错点 6：hope、suggest 后误接“宾语 + 不定式” 【易错点】　把“我希望你能明智地使用手机”写成 I hope you to use your phone wisely。 【错因分析】　学生把 want、expect 的用法推广到了 hope，未注意 hope、suggest 等动词后不能接“宾语 + 不定式”这一限制。英语中，hope 和 suggest 后只能接 that 引导的宾语从句，不能接“宾语 + to do”结构。而 want、expect、would like 等动词后则可以接“宾语 + 不定式”。这是动词搭配的重要差异，必须分类记忆。 【正误对比】 【错例】I hope you to use your smartphone in a wiser way. → 【正例】I hope that you can use your smartphone in a wiser way. 【错例】Our teacher suggested us to make a plan for screen time. → 【正例】Our teacher suggested that we (should) make a plan for screen time. 【错例】I want you use your phone less before going to bed. → 【正例】I want you to use your phone less before going to bed. 【语法规则】　hope/suggest 后接 that 从句，不接“宾语 + 不定式”；want/expect/would like 后接宾补 to do。 Unit 4　Digital life · 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Our teacher asks us ______ (use) digital devices wisely in our daily life. 2. My parents don't allow me ______ (play) computer games for a long time. 3. The teacher made him ______ (put) down his phone during the lesson. 4. I saw her ______ (take) photos with her new smartphone yesterday. 5. The doctor warned us ______ (not click) any strange links online. 6. My friend helped me ______ (fix) my computer last weekend. 7. He was made ______ (hand) in his phone before the important exam. 8. I want you ______ (spend) less time on short videos. 9. The new learning app helps students ______ (learn) new words more easily. 10. She advised me ______ (not give) out my personal information online. 二、按要求改写句子 11. The teacher told us. We should protect our personal information online. (用不定式合并句子) The teacher told us ______ ______ our personal information online. 12. My mother makes me turn off the phone at nine every evening. (改为被动语态) I ______ ______ ______ turn off the phone at nine every evening. 13. He wants to use the new learning app. His father agrees. (用 want sb. to do 改写句子) His father wants ______ ______ ______ the new learning app. 14. "Don't spend too much time online," my teacher said to me. (用 ask sb. not to do 改写句子) My teacher asked me ______ ______ ______ too much time online. 15. I hope that you can use digital devices wisely. (改为同义句) I hope you ______ ______ digital devices wisely. 三、单句改错（每句有一处错误） 16. （诊断改错）Our teacher asks us use digital devices wisely in our daily life. -> ____________________ 17. （诊断改错）My mother makes me to play fewer computer games on weekdays. -> ____________________ 18. （诊断改错）He was made put down his phone before the important exam. -> ____________________ 19. （诊断改错）My friend helped me repairing my computer last weekend. -> ____________________ 20. （诊断改错）I hope you to use your smartphone in a wiser way. -> ____________________ 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Digital devices have greatly changed our daily life. They help us 1. ______ (work) and study more easily. But they also bring some problems. Our teacher often asks us 2. ______ (use) them wisely. She tells us 3. ______ (not spend) too much time on short videos. Last week, she invited a doctor 4. ______ (give) us a talk about eye health. The doctor warned us 5. ______ (not give) out our personal information online. He also advised us 6. ______ (take) a break every thirty minutes. My parents don't allow me 7. ______ (play) games on weekdays. They want me 8. ______ (keep) a good balance between study and rest. I have made a plan. I will let my phone 9. ______ (stay) in the living room at night. I hope 10. ______ I can use digital devices in a healthier way. Unit 5　Play by the rules? 【单元话题】　规则意识、公共生活秩序与规则背后的公共理性 【语法项目】　情态动词 must、have to、should、can 易错点 1：must 与 have to 的语义属性与时态限制混用 【易错点】　把“我昨天不得不早起”写成 I must get up early yesterday。 【错因分析】　学生把 must 当作可以用于各种时态的情态动词，未注意 must 只有现在时形式，没有过去式。英语中，must 表示说话人主观上的义务或强烈建议（You must follow the school rules.）；have to 表示客观情况导致的必要，具有完整的时态变化（have to / has to / had to / will have to）。因此表示过去的“不得不”只能用 had to。 【正误对比】 【错例】I must get up early yesterday to catch the first bus to school. → 【正例】I had to get up early yesterday to catch the first bus to school. 【错例】You will must hand in your homework before Friday. → 【正例】You will have to hand in your homework before Friday. 【错例】He musts follow the public rules in the library. → 【正例】He must follow the public rules in the library. 【语法规则】　must 表主观无时态变，have to 表客观可变形；过去时用 had to，将来用 will have to。 易错点 2：mustn't 与 don't have to 的语义混淆 【易错点】　把“你明天不必来”写成 You mustn't come tomorrow。 【错因分析】　学生把 mustn't 当作 must 的普通否定式，按字面理解为“不必”，未区分“禁止”与“没有必要”这两种截然不同的含义。英语中，mustn't 表示禁止、不许（You mustn't run in the hallway.）；don't have to 表示不必、没有必要（You don't have to come tomorrow.）。二者意思差别很大，不能互换。 【正误对比】 【错例】You mustn't come to school tomorrow if you are still ill. → 【正例】You don't have to come to school tomorrow if you are still ill. 【错例】You don't have to smoke in the school building. → 【正例】You mustn't smoke in the school building. 【错例】Students mustn't wear school uniforms if they don't like them. → 【正例】Students don't have to wear school uniforms if they don't like them. 【语法规则】　mustn't 表禁止不可为，don't have to 表不必无须；二者语义差得远，切莫混用。 易错点 3：should 与 ought to 的句法结构混用 【易错点】　把“你应该向老师道歉”写成 You should to say sorry to the teacher，把否定句写成 You shouldn't to break the rule。 【错因分析】　学生把 ought to 中的 to 误加到 should 之后，未掌握两个词的句法结构差异。英语中，should 后直接接动词原形（You should say sorry to the teacher.）；ought 后必须带 to（You ought to say sorry to the teacher.）。两者的否定形式分别为 shouldn't 和 ought not to，均后接动词原形。 【正误对比】 【错例】You should to say sorry to your classmate for being late. → 【正例】You should say sorry to your classmate for being late. 【错例】We ought follow the traffic rules when crossing the road. → 【正例】We ought to follow the traffic rules when crossing the road. 【错例】You shouldn't to break the public rules in the library. → 【正例】You shouldn't break the public rules in the library. 【语法规则】　should 后直接接原形，ought 后必带 to；否定式 shouldn't 与 ought not to。 易错点 4：can 与 be able to 的时态适用范围误判 【易错点】　把“他去年能游一千米”写成 He can swim 1,000 metres last year，把“他明天能来”写成 He can come tomorrow。 【错因分析】　学生把 can 当作适用于各种时态的情态动词，未注意 can 只有现在时和过去式（could）两种形式。英语中，be able to 可用于各种时态，表示将来或完成时的“能够”时只能用 be able to。这一差异在涉及不同时态的语境中尤为重要。 【正误对比】 【错例】He can swim 1,000 metres when he was ten years old. → 【正例】He was able to swim 1,000 metres when he was ten years old. 【错例】I can join the volunteer activity tomorrow if I finish my homework. → 【正例】I will be able to join the volunteer activity tomorrow if I finish my homework. 【错例】She has could speak three foreign languages since last year. → 【正例】She has been able to speak three foreign languages since last year. 【语法规则】　can 只有现在与过去，could 表过去能力；将来完成用 be able to，时态齐全不受限。 易错点 5：情态动词否定句与疑问句误借助 do/does 【易错点】　把疑问句写成 Do you must follow the rules，把否定句写成 He doesn't can swim。 【错因分析】　学生把实义动词的否定、疑问方式套用到情态动词上，习惯性借助 do/does，未掌握情态动词自身即可构成否定与疑问这一特点。英语中，情态动词的否定式直接在其后加 not，一般疑问句直接把情态动词提至句首。此外，情态动词后一律接动词原形，不加 -s。 【正误对比】 【错例】Do you must follow the school rules every day? → 【正例】Must you follow the school rules every day? 【错例】He doesn't can swim across the river by himself. → 【正例】He can't swim across the river by himself. 【错例】He musts obey the traffic rules when crossing the road. → 【正例】He must obey the traffic rules when crossing the road. 【语法规则】　情态动词自成否定疑问，不借 do/does；后接动词一律原形，不加 -s。 易错点 6：情态动词表推测时 must 与 can't 的混用 【易错点】　把“他一定在家”写成 He must at home，把“他不可能在家”写成 He mustn't be at home。 【错因分析】　学生存在两类错误：① 把 must 当作动词直接接表语，遗漏了 be；② 把 mustn't 当作 must 的否定推测，未注意否定推测应使用 can't。英语中，must 表示有把握的肯定推测（只用于肯定句），can't 表示有把握的否定推测，may/might 表示可能性不大的推测。表示推测时，情态动词后接动词原形，be 动词须用 be。 【正误对比】 【错例】The light in his room is on. He must at home now. → 【正例】The light in his room is on. He must be at home now. 【错例】He mustn't be at home because I saw him at the library just now. → 【正例】He can't be at home because I saw him at the library just now. 【错例】Must he be at home now?（用于推测时一般不这样提问） → 【正例】Can he be at home now? 【语法规则】　must 肯定推测，can't 否定推测；may/might 可能性小，推测后接动词原形。 易错点 7：情态动词简略回答的对应形式错误 【易错点】　把“我必须今天交吗”的否定回答写成 No, you mustn't，把 Must 提问的肯定回答写成 Yes, I need。 【错因分析】　学生按 must 的否定形式直接作答，未注意 Must 提问的否定回答应用 needn't（表示“不必”），而不是 mustn't（表示“禁止”）。此外，简略回答中情态动词后不再接动词，学生容易误用实义动词 need。正确形式为：肯定回答 Yes, sb. must.；否定回答 No, sb. needn't.。 【正误对比】 【错例】— Must I hand in the report today? — No, you mustn't. → 【正例】— Must I hand in the report today? — No, you needn't. 【错例】— Must I finish the task now? — Yes, I need. → 【正例】— Must I finish the task now? — Yes, I must. 【错例】— Can I leave the classroom now? — No, you needn't. → 【正例】— Can I leave the classroom now? — No, you can't. 【语法规则】　Must 提问肯定 must，否定回答 needn't；Can 提问肯定 can，否定回答 can't。 Unit 5　Play by the rules? · 配套练习 一、用适当的情态动词填空 1. Students ______ follow the school rules, and everyone knows that. 2. Yesterday it rained heavily, so we ______ stay at home all day. 3. You ______ run in the hallway. It is dangerous for everyone. 4. You ______ come so early tomorrow. The class begins at nine o'clock. 5. You ______ say sorry to your classmate. It was your mistake. 6. He ______ swim across the river when he was only ten years old. 7. ______ I hand in the report today? No, you needn't. 8. The light in his room is still on. He ______ be at home now. 9. He ______ be at home. I saw him at the library just now. 10. Next year I ______ be able to ride a bike to school by myself. 二、按要求改写句子 11. You must hand in your homework on time. (改为否定句) You ______ ______ in your homework on time. 12. He can speak English very well. (改为一般疑问句) ______ he ______ English very well? 13. We had to leave early yesterday. (对划线部分 had to leave early 提问) What ______ you ______ ______ do yesterday? 14. You should follow the traffic rules. (用 ought to 改写句子) You ______ ______ follow the traffic rules. 15. It is not necessary for you to come tomorrow. (用 don't have to 改写句子) You ______ ______ ______ come tomorrow. 三、单句改错（每句有一处错误） 16. （诊断改错）I must get up early yesterday to catch the first bus to school. -> ____________________ 17. （诊断改错）You mustn't come to school tomorrow if you are still ill. -> ____________________ 18. （诊断改错）You should to follow the public rules in the library. -> ____________________ 19. （诊断改错）Do you must hand in the form today? -> ____________________ 20. （诊断改错）The light in his room is on. He must at home now. -> ____________________ 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Rules are everywhere in our daily life. At school, we 1. ______ follow many rules. We 2. ______ run in the hallway because it is dangerous. We 3. ______ arrive at school before eight o'clock every morning. But we 4. ______ wear school uniforms every day if we don't like them. Last week, my friend Li Ming was late for class. He said he 5. ______ get up early because his alarm clock didn't work. Our teacher said, "You 6. ______ say sorry to the whole class, and you 7. ______ be late again." Li Ming promised to follow the rules from then on. On the road, we 8. ______ follow the traffic rules, too. We 9. ______ cross the road when the light is red. Everyone 10. ______ play by the rules, and then our life will be safer and happier. Unit 6　When disaster strikes 【单元话题】　自然灾害应对、自救互救常识与灾难中的人性光辉 【语法项目】　过去进行时 易错点 1：过去进行时结构中 be 动词时态误用现在式 【易错点】　把“我们正在吃晚饭时停电了”写成 We are having dinner when the lights went out。 【错因分析】　学生把现在进行时的结构直接用于过去语境，只注意了动作正在进行，未注意 be 动词必须变为过去式。过去进行时由“was/were + 动词 -ing 形式”构成：主语为 I、he、she、it 及单数名词时用 was；主语为 you、we、they 及复数名词时用 were。学生出错的根源是只关注动词的 -ing 形式，忽略了 be 动词的时态标记。 【正误对比】 【错例】We are having dinner when the earthquake happened. → 【正例】We were having dinner when the earthquake happened. 【错例】I was read a book about disaster safety at eight last night. → 【正例】I was reading a book about disaster safety at eight last night. 【错例】They was sleeping when the storm came. → 【正例】They were sleeping when the storm came. 【语法规则】　过去进行两件套，was/were 加 doing；I/he/she/it 用 was，you/we/they 用 were。 易错点 2：过去进行时与一般过去时的功能混淆 【易错点】　把“昨天下午三点我在做作业”写成 I did my homework at three o'clock yesterday afternoon。 【错因分析】　学生只关注动作发生在过去，未区分“某一时刻正在进行”与“已经完成”这两种表意。过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，常与 at that time、at eight last night、this time yesterday 等表示具体时刻的状语连用；一般过去时表示过去发生的动作且已结束。判断依据是句中是否有表示过去具体时刻的状语，以及语义是强调“正在进行”还是“已经完成”。 【正误对比】 【错例】I did my homework at three o'clock yesterday afternoon when the fire alarm rang. → 【正例】I was doing my homework at three o'clock yesterday afternoon when the fire alarm rang. 【错例】They were finishing their rescue training and then went home. → 【正例】They finished their rescue training and then went home. 【语法规则】　具体时刻正在进行用过去进行，动作完成已结束用一般过去；时间状语先辨别，语义侧重再判断。 易错点 3：when 与 while 引导时间状语从句的动词属性误判 【易错点】　把“当我在看书时，地震发生了”写成 While the earthquake happened, I was reading。 【错因分析】　学生把 when 与 while 视为完全等同、可以随意替换，未注意 while 后的动词必须是延续性的。英语中，when 引导的从句动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词；while 引导的从句动词必须是延续性的，常用过去进行时，表示“在……期间”。happen、start、arrive、break out 等终止性动词只能用 when 引导。 【正误对比】 【错例】While the earthquake happened, most people were sleeping at home. → 【正例】When the earthquake happened, most people were sleeping at home. 【错例】While he arrived at the shelter, the volunteers were handing out food. → 【正例】When he arrived at the shelter, the volunteers were handing out food. 【错例】While I was reading a book, my brother was doing his homework.（原句正确，两个延续动作同时进行） → 【正例】While I was reading a book, my brother was doing his homework. 【语法规则】　when 兼容瞬时延续，while 只伴延续行；happen/arrive 等终止动词，只配 when 不配 while。 易错点 4：过去进行时否定句与疑问句中误借助 did 【易错点】　把否定句写成 They weren't watch TV at that time，把疑问句写成 Did they watching TV at that time? 【错因分析】　学生把一般过去时的否定、疑问方式套用到过去进行时上，借助 did，或只改动 be 动词而忽略了后面的 -ing 形式。正确做法是：否定句在 was/were 后加 not，动词保持 -ing 形式；一般疑问句把 was/were 提至句首，动词同样保持 -ing 形式；特殊疑问句结构为“疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + doing”。 【正误对比】 【错例】They weren't watch TV at that time; they were listening to the radio. → 【正例】They weren't watching TV at that time; they were listening to the radio. 【错例】Did they watching the rescue news at that time? → 【正例】Were they watching the rescue news at that time? 【错例】What did you doing when the flood came? → 【正例】What were you doing when the flood came? 【语法规则】　否定 were 后加 not，疑问 were 提句首；动词 -ing 不改变，特殊疑问词 + were + 主 + doing。 易错点 5：过去进行时表示背景动作与突发动作的时态错配 【易错点】　把“当洪水到来时，人们正在睡觉”写成 When the flood came, people slept。 【错因分析】　学生把两个过去发生的动作一律用一般过去时，未区分“较长的背景动作”与“突然发生的短暂动作”。英语叙述突发事件时，常用“过去进行时（背景）+ when + 一般过去时（突发）”的结构：背景动作持续时间较长，用过去进行时；突发动作时间短暂，用一般过去时。这一时态搭配是叙事性语篇的核心特征。 【正误对比】 【错例】When the flood came, people slept in their houses. → 【正例】When the flood came, people were sleeping in their houses. 【错例】People were sleeping when the flood was coming. → 【正例】People were sleeping when the flood came. 【错例】While the earthquake happened, students had a class. → 【正例】When the earthquake happened, students were having a class. 【语法规则】　背景动作过去进行，突发动作一般过去；when 连接两动作，长短对比定形式。 易错点 6：过去进行时的典型时间状语识别遗漏 【易错点】　把“昨天晚上七点到九点我在写报告”写成 I write a report from seven to nine last night。 【错因分析】　学生对过去进行时的时间状语缺乏整理，按句子意思误用一般现在时或一般过去时。过去进行时的典型时间状语包括 at that time、at eight last night、this time yesterday、from seven to nine last night、at that moment，以及 when、while 引导的时间状语从句。学生出错的原因是只熟悉一般过去时的时间状语，对这类表示“过去某一时段”的状语缺乏敏感度。 【正误对比】 【错例】I write a safety report from seven to nine last night. → 【正例】I was writing a safety report from seven to nine last night. 【错例】This time yesterday, the volunteers hand out food at the shelter. → 【正例】This time yesterday, the volunteers were handing out food at the shelter. 【错例】At that moment, the fire fighters put out the big fire. → 【正例】At that moment, the fire fighters were putting out the big fire. 【语法规则】　at that time、this time yesterday、from...to... 过去时段，均配过去进行时。 易错点 7：过去进行时与现在进行时的时间状语误配 【易错点】　把“他昨天这个时候正在踢足球”写成 He is playing football this time yesterday。 【错因分析】　学生只记住“正在进行就用进行时”，未根据时间状语确定 be 动词的时态形式。现在进行时表示此刻正在进行，与 now、at the moment、Look!、Listen! 等连用；过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行，与 at that time、this time yesterday、at eight last night 等连用。判断时先看时间状语指向现在还是过去，再确定 be 动词形式。 【正误对比】 【错例】He is playing football this time yesterday afternoon. → 【正例】He was playing football this time yesterday afternoon. 【错例】They are having a class meeting at that time last Friday. → 【正例】They were having a class meeting at that time last Friday. 【语法规则】　now/Look/Listen 配现在进行，this time yesterday/at that time 配过去进行；先看状语定时间，再定 be 动形式。 Unit 6　When disaster strikes · 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. At eight o'clock last night, I ______ (watch) the news about the flood in the south. 2. While we ______ (have) dinner, the earthquake happened suddenly. 3. They ______ (sleep) when the storm came to the small town. 4. What ______ you ______ (do) at this time yesterday afternoon? 5. The students ______ (not play) football at that time; they were having a safety class. 6. When the fire broke out, people ______ (run) out of the building quickly. 7. My mother ______ (cook) from six to seven yesterday evening. 8. While I ______ (read) a safety guide, my brother was doing his homework. 9. ______ it ______ (rain) heavily when you left home this morning? 10. He ______ (drive) to work when the traffic accident happened. 二、按要求改写句子 11. They were having a class meeting at that time. (改为否定句) They ______ ______ a class meeting at that time. 12. She was reading a safety guide when the storm came. (改为一般疑问句) ______ she ______ a safety guide when the storm came? 13. I was doing my homework at eight last night. (对划线部分 at eight last night 提问) ______ ______ you ______ at eight last night? 14. The earthquake happened while we were sleeping. (用 when 改写句子，句意不变) We ______ ______ when the earthquake ______. 15. He watched TV. Then the fire broke out. (用过去进行时与 when 合并句子) He ______ ______ TV when the fire ______ ______. 三、单句改错（每句有一处错误） 16. （诊断改错）While the earthquake happened, most people were sleeping at home. -> ____________________ 17. （诊断改错）They weren't watch TV at that time; they were listening to the radio. -> ____________________ 18. （诊断改错）What did you doing when the flood came to the village? -> ____________________ 19. （诊断改错）He is playing football this time yesterday afternoon. -> ____________________ 20. （诊断改错）When the flood came, people slept in their houses. -> ____________________ 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last summer, a big flood hit a small town in the south. At that time, most people 1. ______ (sleep) at home. Li Wei 2. ______ (work) in his small shop when he heard a loud noise. He 3. ______ (run) out and saw that the water 4. ______ (rise) quickly. While his neighbours 5. ______ (move) their things to the second floor, Li Wei called the police at once. When the rescue team 6. ______ (arrive), some people 7. ______ (stand) on the roof of their houses. The team 8. ______ (help) them get on the boat one by one. "I 9. ______ (look) for my son when the water came," said one woman. Thanks to the timely help, nobody 10. ______ (lose) their life in the flood. 参考答案 Unit 1　This is me 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. have grown　2. has made　3. haven't finished　4. Have; been　5. has joined　6. has written　7. have known　8. Has; seen　9. haven't seen　10. has; come 二、按要求改写句子 11. haven't; yet　12. Has; visited　13. How long　14. How many times　15. has been 三、单句改错 16. 把 have 改为 has　17. 把 have finished 改为 finished　18. 把 went 改为 been　19. 把 already 移到 have 与 read 之间　20. 把 has been to 改为 has gone to 四、语篇语法填空 1. am　2. have taken　3. have grown　4. have made　5. has improved　6. have read　7. haven't given　8. have joined　9. have taken　10. will become Unit 2　Getting along 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. became　2. has kept　3. has been　4. has been　5. haven't heard　6. has been　7. have known　8. Have; visited　9. moved　10. has had 二、按要求改写句子 11. How long　12. have had　13. has been in　14. Have; known　15. left 三、单句改错 16. 把 since 改为 for　17. 把 bought 改为 had　18. 把 have become 改为 became　19. 把 have seen 改为 saw　20. 把 has joined 改为 has been in 四、语篇语法填空 1. have known　2. became　3. have shared　4. has been　5. have been　6. have never quarrelled　7. had　8. talked　9. needs　10. have been Unit 3　Make it happen! 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. to invent　2. drawing　3. to close　4. to have　5. solving　6. meeting　7. trying　8. Reading　9. to catch　10. to bring 二、按要求改写句子 11. hopes to　12. doing　13. reading　14. to make　15. It; to learn 三、单句改错 16. 把 joining 改为 to join　17. 把 to invent 改为 inventing　18. 把 repair 改为 repairing　19. 把 see 改为 seeing　20. 把 Read 改为 Reading 四、语篇语法填空 1. building　2. taking　3. to make　4. to help　5. trying　6. learning　7. finishing　8. to make　9. dreaming　10. will make Unit 4　Digital life 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. to use　2. to play　3. put　4. take　5. not to click　6. fix　7. to hand　8. to spend　9. learn　10. not to give 二、按要求改写句子 11. to protect　12. am made to　13. me to use　14. not to spend　15. can use 【解析】　11. tell sb. to do sth.。12. make 的被动语态为 be made to do sth.。13. want sb. to do sth.。14. ask sb. not to do sth.。15. hope 后接 that 引导的宾语从句，从句中的 can 保留。 三、单句改错 16. 在 us 后加 to　17. 去掉 to　18. 在 made 后加 to　19. 把 repairing 改为 repair　20. 把 you to use 改为 that you can use 四、语篇语法填空 1. work　2. to use　3. not to spend　4. to give　5. not to give　6. to take　7. to play　8. to keep　9. stay　10. that Unit 5　Play by the rules? 一、用适当的情态动词填空 1. must　2. had to　3. mustn't　4. don't have to　5. should　6. could　7. Must　8. must　9. can't　10. will 二、按要求改写句子 11. mustn't hand　12. Can; speak　13. did; have to　14. ought to　15. don't have to 三、单句改错 16. 把 must 改为 had to　17. 把 mustn't 改为 don't have to　18. 去掉 to　19. 把 Do you must 改为 Must you　20. 在 must 后加 be 四、语篇语法填空 1. must　2. mustn't　3. must　4. don't have to　5. had to　6. should　7. mustn't　8. must　9. mustn't　10. should Unit 6　When disaster strikes 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. was watching　2. were having　3. were sleeping　4. were; doing　5. weren't playing　6. were running　7. was cooking　8. was reading　9. Was; raining　10. was driving 二、按要求改写句子 11. weren't having　12. Was; reading　13. What were; doing　14. were sleeping; happened　15. was watching; broke out 三、单句改错 16. 把 While 改为 When　17. 把 watch 改为 watching　18. 把 did 改为 were　19. 把 is 改为 was　20. 把 slept 改为 were sleeping 四、语篇语法填空 1. were sleeping　2. was working　3. ran　4. was rising　5. were moving　6. arrived　7. were standing　8. helped　9. was looking　10. lost 第 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $