Unit 4 课时2 Understanding ideas（Reading ）（分层作业）英语新教材外研版九年级上册

Unit 4 Heroes 课时2 Understanding ideas Reading 分层作业 参考答案 一、单词默写 1.later 2.footstep 3.realise 4.could 5.gentle 6.pity 7.war 2、 词组默写 1.follow one's footsteps 2.between the lines 3.name…after 4.speak of 5.leave…behind 6.bring up 7.grow up 三、 根据要求完成句子 1. According to, thought of 2. who never gave in 3. speak of 4. realised, live forever 5. to give her life for 9. died for 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. later 2. footsteps 3. realised 4. gentle 5. pitied 6. war 7. forever 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式补全短文 1．The 2．when 3．American 4．finally 5．harder 6．With 7．Who 8．answers 9．shows 10．to keep 一、完形填空 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．C 二、阅读理解 A 1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．B B 1．C 2．D 3．C 3、 阅读与表达 1． B 2．E 3．A 4．C 5．I think the most important quality of a hero is kindness. (答案不唯一) 一、完形填空 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．C 10．B 二、阅读理解 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 4 Heroes 课时2 Understanding ideas Reading 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 词汇 later /ˈleɪtə/ adv. 之后 footstep /ˈfʊtstep/ n. 足迹 realise /ˈrɪəlaɪz/ v. 明白；认识到 could /kʊd/ v. 能，可以 gentle /ˈdʒentl/ adj. 温和的，温柔的 pity /ˈpɪti/ n. 可惜，遗憾 war /wɔː/ n. 战争 句型 1. According to my great‑aunt, she was a kind person who always thought of others first. 据姑婆讲述，她是一位总是先为他人着想的善良人。 2.She was a brave soldier who never gave in. She didn't say a word even when she was badly hurt by the enemy. 她是一名永不屈服的勇敢战士。即便被敌人残酷伤害，她也只字未吐露。 3.Even now, people speak of her with great respect. 直至今日，人们满怀敬意提起她。 4.I realised that Zhao Yiman was a hero who would live forever in Chinese people's hearts. 我意识到赵一曼是永远活在中国人民心中的英雄。 5.Between the lines, I saw a gentle mother who chose to give her life for her country. 从字里行间，我看到一位温柔的母亲，她选择为祖国献出自己的生命。 6.When you grow up, never forget that I died for our country. 当你长大，永远不要忘记，我是为祖国牺牲的。 ) 一、单词默写 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ___________ adv. 之后 2. ___________ n. 足迹 3. ___________ v. 明白；认识到 4. ___________ v. 能，可以 5. ___________ adj. 温和的，温柔的 6. ___________ n. 可惜，遗憾 7. ___________ n. 战争 【答案】1.later 2.footstep 3.realise 4.could 5.gentle 6.pity 7.war 二、词组默写 1. ___________ 追随某人的足迹 2. ___________ 字里行间；言外之意 3. ___________ 以……的名字给……命名 4. ___________ 提到；谈及 5. ___________ 离开，丢下 6. ___________ 抚养，养育 7. ___________ 长大 【答案】 1.follow one's footsteps 2.between the lines 3.name…after 4.speak of 5.leave…behind 6.bring up 7.grow up 三、根据要求完成句子 1. 据姑婆讲述，她是一位总是先为他人着想的善良人。 ___ ___ my great‑aunt, she was a kind person who always ___ ___ others first. 2. 她是一名永不屈服的勇敢战士。 She was a brave soldier ___ ___ ___ ___. 3. 直至今日，人们满怀敬意提起她。 Even now, people ___ ___ her with great respect. 4. 我意识到赵一曼是永远活在中国人民心中的英雄。 I ___ that Zhao Yiman was a hero who would ___ ___ in Chinese people's hearts. 5. 从字里行间，我看到一位温柔的母亲，她选择为祖国献出自己的生命。 Between the lines, I saw a gentle mother who chose ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ her country. 6. 当你长大，永远不要忘记，我是为祖国牺牲的。 When you grow up, never forget that I ___ ___ our country. 【答案】1. According to, thought of 2. who never gave in 3. speak of 4. realised, live forever 5. to give her life for 9. died for 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. If you give up this valuable chance, you will surely regret what you do _________(以后). 【答案】later 【详解】句意：如果你放弃这个宝贵的机会，日后你一定会为自己的所作所为感到后悔。 2．He is determined to follow those inspiring people’s ________ (footstep) . 【答案】footsteps 【详解】句意：他下定决心追随那些励志人物的脚步。 3．He ________ (realise) how hard the work was after he tried it. 【答案】realised 【详解】句意：在尝试之后，他意识到这项工作有多难。realise意为“意识到”，从句中tried、was都是一般过去时，主句时态保持一致，realise的过去式为realised。 4．The teacher’s ________ (gentle) words had a deep on the shy boy’s confidence. 【答案】gentle 【详解】句意：老师温和的话语深深地影响了这个害羞男孩的自信心。have an impact on…意为“对……产生影响”固定搭配。 5．He is ________ for his carelessness in the exam. (pity) 【答案】pitied 【详解】句意：他因为考试中的粗心而被同情。主语He和动词pity之间是被动关系，句子为一般现在时的被动语态，结构是“be +动词过去分词”。pity的过去分词形式为pitied。 6．Many soldiers got wounded during the national ________ (war). 【答案】war 【详解】句意：很多士兵在民族战争期间受伤了。 7.Although they are gone, their brave spirit will live on ________ (永远) in our hearts. 【答案】 forever 【详解】虽然他们的身体离开了，但是他们的精神会永远继续存在。 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式补全短文 （2026·浙江省温州市中考二模） Embrace the New World with a Smile is a book about Qian Xuesen. 1 book was written to remember his 110th birthday. Qian studied in the US 2 he was young. While staying abroad, he made great progress in science. Although the 3 (America) government gave him high pay, he still decided to go back to China. After being blocked by the US for several years, he 4 (final) came back to China in 1955. After Qian returned to China, he worked 5 (hard) than before. He tried his best to develop China’s science and technology. 6 his help, China became much stronger in space exploration. Once at a university, students were asked, “ 7 is the true hero in your mind?” Many young people’s 8 (answer) were Qian Xuesen. The book describes many warm stories of Qian’s daily life. It 9 (show) his deep love for our motherland. We hope 10 (keep) his spirit alive forever. Let’s learn from him and work for the country together! 【答案】 1．The 2．when 3．American 4．finally 5．harder 6．With 7．Who 8．answers 9．shows 10．to keep 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了一本关于钱学森的书《微笑拥抱新的世界》，并简述了钱学森的生平事迹以及他强烈的爱国精神。 【详解】1．句意：《微笑拥抱新的世界》是一本关于钱学森的书。这本书是为了纪念他诞辰110周年而写的。前文已经提到过这本书的名字，后文再次提到时，用定冠词The来特指前文提到的这本书。句首首字母需大写。 2．句意：钱学森年轻时在美国学习。这里需要一个连词引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，用when。 3．句意：尽管美国政府给他高薪，他仍然决定回到中国。此处需要形容词修饰名词government，America的形容词形式是American，意为“美国的”。 4．句意：被美国阻挠多年后，他最终于1955年回到了中国。此处需要副词修饰动词came back，final的副词形式是finally，意为“最终”。 5．句意：钱学森回到中国后，工作比以前更努力了。句中出现了than，表示比较，hard的比较级是harder，意为“更努力地”。 6．句意：在他的帮助下，中国在太空探索方面变得强大得多。固定搭配With one’s help表示“在某人的帮助下”，句首首字母需大写。 7．句意：有一次在一所大学里，学生们被问到：“你心中真正的英雄是谁？”这是一个特殊疑问句，询问“谁是英雄”，用疑问词Who。 8．句意：许多年轻人的答案都是钱学森。句中Many young people’s表示复数所有格，后面的名词要用复数形式，answer的复数是answers。 9．句意：这本书描述了钱学森日常生活中的许多温暖故事。它展现了他对祖国深深的爱。主语It指代单数的The book，句子用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，show的第三人称单数是shows。 10．句意：我们希望他的精神永远传承下去。固定搭配hope to do sth.表示“希望做某事”，所以用to keep。 一、完形填空 What is a hero? Most people connect heroes with bigname stars. 1 , heroes can also be ordinary people around us. They do not do amazing worldchanging things, but they show selfless 2 in daily life. Lei Feng is one of such heroes. He worked in an ordinary post and was always 3 to give a hand to people in need. During the Wenchuan earthquake, Lin Hao became a young rescue hero. He was trapped in rubble, yet he never 4 hope. He tried his best to climb out and then 5 his classmates out. He encouraged and comforted them. Heroes are not only in big news reports. Some are 6 heroes. City cleaners keep streets clean day and night, no matter 7 hot or cold the weather is. Some parents work hard silently for their families. They do not want praise, they just want to bring 8 to others. These ordinary heroes teach us that heroism does not require great achievements. It comes from a warm heart. We should respect them and be 9 for what they have done. Their spirit will continue 10 teenagers to do good things. 1．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Moreover 2．A．pleasure B．interest C．devotion D．pride 3．A．ready B．afraid C．used D．unwilling 4．A．gave in B．gave up C．gave away D．gave out 5．A．carry B．carries C．carried D．carrying 6．A．unsung B．famous C．strange D．silly 7．A．what B．which C．how D．whose 8．A．trouble B．warmth C．pressure D．danger 9．A．sorry B．careful C．grateful D．late 10．A．inspire B．inspired C．to inspire D．to inspiring 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了英雄不一定都是大人物，身边的普通人也能通过日常生活中的无私付出成为英雄，如雷锋、林浩、城市清洁工和父母等，他们的精神激励着青少年。 【详解】1．句意：然而，英雄也可以是我们身边的普通人。 前句提到“大多数人将英雄与大牌明星联系在一起”，后句说“英雄也可以是普通人”，前后存在转折关系。Besides“除此之外”、However“然而”、Therefore“因此”、Moreover“而且”，其中However符合转折逻辑。 2．句意：他们不做惊人的改变世界的事情，但他们在日常生活中表现出无私的奉献。 结合下文雷锋、林浩等事例可知，普通人英雄展现的是无私的“奉献精神”。pleasure“快乐”、interest“兴趣”、devotion“奉献”、pride“骄傲”，devotion符合语境。 3．句意：他在普通岗位工作，总是准备好向需要帮助的人伸出援手。 固定短语be ready to do sth.“准备好做某事”，此处指雷锋乐于助人。afraid“害怕的”、used“习惯的”、unwilling“不情愿的”均不符。 4．句意：他被困在废墟中，却从未放弃希望。 give up hope“放弃希望”为固定搭配。gave in“屈服”、gave away“赠送/泄露”、gave out“分发/耗尽”，均与hope搭配不当。 5．句意：他尽力爬出来，然后救出了他的同学。 and连接并列谓语，前文tried为过去式，and连接并列谓语tried和carried，此处也应用过去式carried out“实施/救出”。carry为原形，carries为三单，carrying为分词，均不符。 6．句意：有些英雄是无名英雄。 下文提到城市清洁工、父母等，他们并不出名，unsung“未被歌颂的/无名的”符合。famous“有名的”、strange“奇怪的”、silly“愚蠢的”均不符。 7．句意：城市清洁工日夜保持街道清洁，无论天气多热或多冷。 固定结构no matter how + 形容词/副词，表示“无论多么……”，此处修饰hot or cold，应用how。what修饰名词，which指特定范围，whose表所属，均不符。 8．句意：他们不想要赞美，他们只想给他人带来温暖。 根据文章主题“普通人带来温暖与爱”，warmth“温暖”符合。trouble“麻烦”、pressure“压力”、danger“危险”均与语境相悖。 9．句意：我们应该尊重他们，并对他们所做的事心存感激。 be grateful for“对……感激”，固定搭配。sorry“抱歉的”、careful“小心的”、late“迟的”均不符合语境。 10．句意：他们的精神将继续激励青少年做好事。 continue to do sth.“继续做某事（另一动作）”，此处指精神会继续去激励青少年，应用动词不定式to inspire。 2、 阅读理解 Human beings have always looked up to heroes. Heroes are people who inspire us, protect us, and show us what is good in life. But what exactly makes someone a hero? Courage is one of the most important qualities of a hero. Heroes are brave enough to face danger and difficulties. They don’t run away when things get hard. Instead, they stand up for what is right. For example, firefighters rush into burning buildings to save people. They put their own lives at risk to help others. Another important quality is selflessness. Heroes often put others before themselves. They care about the needs of others more than their own. A true hero doesn’t do things for fame or money. They do good things because they want to help. Kindness is also a key part of being a hero. Heroes show care and compassion to everyone, even strangers. They believe that everyone deserves to be treated with respect. Heroes come in all shapes and sizes. Some heroes are famous, like scientists who save millions of lives. Others are everyday people—a teacher who helps students, a neighbor who offers a helping hand, or a parent who works hard to support the family. We can all learn from heroes. Their examples encourage us to be brave, kind, and selfless in our own lives. We should always remember that each of us has the potential to be a hero to someone. 1．What does the underlined word “selflessness” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Putting others before oneself. B．Thinking only about oneself. C．Being afraid of danger. D．Working for fame and money. 2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a quality of a hero in the passage? A．Courage. B．Selflessness. C．Kindness. D．Intelligence. 3．According to the passage, who can be a hero? A．Only famous people. B．Only scientists and firefighters. C．Only parents and teachers. D．Both famous people and everyday people. 4．What does the writer encourage us to do in the last paragraph? A．To become famous. B．To learn from heroes and be brave and kind. C．To help only our family members. D．To look for heroes around the world. 5．What is the best title for this passage? A．Famous Heroes in History B．What Makes a Hero C．How to Become a Firefighter D．The Importance of Courage 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文主要探讨了英雄的定义，介绍了英雄具备的勇气、无私和善良等品质，说明了名人和普通人皆可成为英雄，并鼓励大家向英雄学习。 【详解】1．第三段“Heroes often put others before themselves.”，明确说明selflessness意为“把他人的需求置于自己之上”，即“无私”。 2．文章第二段提到了Courage（勇气），第三段提到了Selflessness（无私），第四段提到了Kindness（善良）。全文未提及Intelligence（智力）是英雄的品质。 3．第五段“Some heroes are famous...Others are everyday people...”，明确说明英雄既可以是名人，也可以是普通人。 4．最后一段“We can all learn from heroes. Their examples encourage us to be brave, kind, and selfless...”，明确说明作者鼓励我们从英雄身上学习，变得勇敢、善良和无私。 5．全文围绕“英雄具备哪些特质”展开，从勇气、无私、善良等方面进行论述，因此最佳标题为“什么造就了英雄”。 B What is the first thing that comes to your mind when you hear the word “hero”？ Is it someone who wears a cape（披风）and can fly in the air？ There are onscreen heroes like the superheroes in Avengers（复仇者）,and also everyday heroes in our lives. In general, a hero is someone selfless, courageous and brave. These qualities drive heroes to help others in times of need, even if they are scared. You can count on them to be there for you if something bad happens. Ordinary people-just like you and me -are heroes in their own way, simply just by doing their part for their families and communities. Cleaners, doctors, journalists, delivery workers, nurses, and bus drivers-the list goes on and on. These ordinary people help keep order in our day-to-day lives. And, sometimes, when there are emergencies, these ordinary people show courage and bravery to help complete strangers in need. Being a hero is a universal attribute（属性）of human nature. “The decision to act heroically choice that many of us will be called upon to make at some point in time ？... Heroism becomes something that seems in the range (范围）of possibilities for every person, perhaps inspiring more of us to answer that call,” heroism researchers Zeno Franco and Philip Zimbardo wrote in Greater Good Magazine. Most importantly, you should strive（努力）to be your own hero. Be courageous, honest, and a person with integrity（正直）. Because, once you are your own hero, you can truly do anything you set your mind to. 1．What qualities should a hero have according to the passage？ A．creativity, courage B．unselfishness, fearlessness C．confidence, bravery D．humor, honesty 2．Which of the following statements does the writer most possibly agree with？ A．Heroes won't feel scared. B．Ordinary people can't be heroes. C．Training is the key to being a hero. D．Maybe heroism will inspire more people to be heroes. 3．What does the passage mainly tell us？ A．Where a hero appears. B．What makes a person a hero. C．How a person makes a hero. D．Why a person wants to be a hero. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 【分析】这是一片议论文，文章讲述英雄可以是超级英雄也可以是日常生活中的普通人。英雄是无私、政治和勇敢的，要努力成为自己的英雄，做你自己想做的任何事。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第二段“In general, a hero is someone selfless, courageous and brave. These qualities drive heroes to help others in times of need, even if they are scared. You can count on them to be there for you if something bad happens”英雄是无私的，勇敢的,即使害怕也在需要帮助的时候帮助其他人，坏事发生时总在那里支持你。及最后一段“Most importantly, you should strive to be your own hero. Be courageous, honest, and a person with integrity”可知英雄是无私、诚实、正直的人。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Heroism becomes something that seems in the range of possibilities for every person, perhaps inspiring more of us to answer that call”英雄主义变成每个人都可能有的某种东西，鼓舞我们更多的人来回应那个要求。可知英雄主义可以让更多的人成为英雄。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。文章讲述英雄可以使超级英雄也可以是日常生活中的普通人。英雄是无私、正直和勇敢的，要努力成为自己的英雄，做你自己想做的任何事。可概括为“How a person makes a hero”。故选C。 三、任务型阅读 阅读下面材料，从方框中所给的A—E五个选项中选出正确选项（其中一项是多余选项），将其序号填入第1—4小题，并回答第5小题。 How to Become a Hero in Daily Life Many people think that heroes are born with special talents. 1 Ordinary people can become heroes by making small but meaningful choices every day. Help others. You don’t need to save a life to be a hero. Helping a friend with homework, carrying groceries for an elderly neighbor, or even just listening to someone who is sad can make a big difference. 2 Be kind. Kindness is a simple but powerful act. Smile at a stranger, say thank you, or offer encouragement. 3 Stand up for what is right. If you see someone being treated unfairly, speak up. It takes courage to do the right thing, especially when no one else is doing it. 4 Heroes are not perfect. They are people who choose to make the world a better place, one small action at a time. A．These small acts of kindness can brighten someone’s day. B．But that is not true. C．This is what makes a true hero. D．Heroes are always famous. E．Even a small gesture can show that you care. 5．What do you think is the most important quality of a hero? (不超过15词) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．A 4．C 5．I think the most important quality of a hero is kindness. (答案不唯一) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了普通人如何通过日常生活中的小选择成为英雄，并提出了帮助他人、保持善良和坚持正义的具体建议。 【详解】1．根据文章第1段“Many people think that heroes are born with special talents.（许多人认为英雄是天生具有特殊才能的。）”和“Ordinary people can become heroes by making small but meaningful choices every day.（普通人可以通过每天做出小而有意义的 选择成为英雄。）”可知，前后句意存在转折，空处应否定前句观点，选项B“但那不是真的。”符合语境。 2．根据文章第2段“Helping a friend with homework, carrying groceries for an elderly neighbor, or even just listening to someone who is sad”可知，这些都是关心他人的小举动，选项E“即使是一个小小的举动也能表明你在乎。”符合语境。 3．根据文章第3段“Be kind. Kindness is a simple but powerful act.（善良。善良是一个简单但有力的行为。）”可知，本段关键词为kindness，选项A“这些小小的善举可以照亮某人的一天。”中包含善举，与段落主题一致。 4．根据文章第4段“Stand up for what is right. If you see someone being treated unfairly, speak up.（为正确的事情挺身而出。如果你看到有人受到不公平对待，就说出来。）”可知，这是对英雄行为的定义，选项C“这才是真正的英雄所在。”是对本段内容的总结升华。 5．本题为开放性试题，需结合文章主旨和个人观点作答。文章强调了善良、帮助他人和勇气，据此作答即可，注意词数限制。参考答案为：I think the most important quality of a hero is kindness. 一、完形填空 （2022·广西桂林市中考英语） My favourite Greek hero is Odysseus. He is the main character in The Odyssey, a famous story by the Greek storyteller, Homer. 1 tells a story about Odysseus and his friends who go from Greece to Troy 2 . After ten years, they win and are very 3 of themselves. Then they set off for home, their way home becomes great 4 . While they are travelling, they meet many strange people. Most of them want to hurt Odysseus and his friends, but a few 5 them. There is a very big man 6 only one eye on an island, he tries to kill them. During this fight, Odysseus loses many of his friends, but he 7 to get away. After ten more years on the way home, Odysseus 8 gets back to his own country, alone. However, he looks so 9 that his wife and son fail to recognize him, they don't know who he is until Odysseus saves them from some bad men. I like this story 10 it is very interesting and exciting. I also learn from Odysseus that great men never give up, no matter what they face. 1．A．It B．Its C．They D．Them 2．A．will fight B．fights C．to fight D．fight 3．A．full B．proud C．famous D．pleased 4．A．ability B．address C．actions D．adventures 5．A．help B．hit C．hug D．hold 6．A．has B．with C．in D．on 7．A．refuses B．want C．manages D．try 8．A．lately B．recently C．nearly D．finally 9．A．difficult B．difficulties C．different D．differences 10．A．so B．because C．but D．and 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者最喜欢的希腊英雄——奥德修斯。 【详解】1．句意：它讲述了奥德修斯和他的朋友们从希腊到特洛伊战斗的故事。 It它；Its它的；They它们；Them它们，宾格。此处需要一个代词代指 a famous story，应用it，故选A。 2．句意：它讲述了奥德修斯和他的朋友们从希腊到特洛伊战斗的故事。 will fight一般将来时；fights动词三单形式；to fight动词不定式；fight动词原形。根据“Odysseus and his friends who go from Greece to Troy”可知从希腊到特洛伊，是为了战斗，应用不定式表目的，故选C。 3．句意：十年后，他们赢了，并为自己感到骄傲。 full充满的；proud自豪的；famous著名的；pleased满意的。根据“After ten years, they win”可知胜利了，会感到很自豪，故选B。 4．句意：然后他们出发回家，回家的路上充满了冒险。 ability能力；address地址；actions动作；adventures冒险。根据“they meet many strange people”可知他们在回家的路上遇到很多奇怪的人，说明路上充满了冒险。故选D。 5．句意：他们中的大多数想要伤害奥德修斯和他的朋友们，但有少数人帮助了他们。 help帮助；hit击打；hug拥抱；hold持有。根据“Most of them want to hurt Odysseus and his friends”以及but表转折可知，有少数人帮助了他们，故选A。 6．句意：有一个只有一只眼睛的大块头男人在岛上，他想要杀死他们。 has有，动词；with有，介词；in在……里面；on在……上面。根据“There is a very big man...only one eye”可知是指带有一只眼睛的大块头男人，应用介词with，故选B。 7．句意：在这场战斗中，奥德修斯失去了许多朋友，但他设法逃脱了。 refuses拒绝；want想要；manages管理；try尝试。根据“but he...to get away. ”可知奥德修斯是成功逃脱了，manage to do sth“设法做成某事”，故选C。 8．句意：在回家的路上又走了十年之后，奥德修斯终于独自一人回到了自己的国家。 lately最近；recently最近；nearly几乎；finally最终。根据“After ten more years on the way home”可知在回家的路上又走了十年之后，最后奥德修斯独自一人回到了自己的国家，故选D。 9．句意：然而，他看起来如此不同，以至于他的妻子和儿子无法认出他，他们不知道他是谁，直到奥德修斯把他们从坏人手中拯救出来。 difficult困难的；difficulties困难；different不同的；difference差异。根据“However, he looks so...that his wife and son fail to recognize him”可知奥德修斯的变化很大，此处应用形容词different表示“不同的”，故选C。 10．句意：我喜欢这个故事，因为它非常有趣和令人兴奋。 so所以；because因为；but但是；and和。前后是因果关系，前果后因，应用because引导原因状语从句。故选B。 二、阅读理解 （2024·山东烟台·中考真题） Wangari Maathai, a Nobel Peace Prize winner, was born on April 1, 1940, in Kenya (肯尼亚). Growing up in the countryside, Wangari was deeply connected to the land from an early age. This early experience with the environment later inspired her life’s work, which has left an unforgettable mark on the world. With the help of a program, Wangari received her university education in the United States. After graduation, she returned to Kenya. In 1971, she got a doctor’s degree from the University of Nairobi, becoming the first woman doctor in East and Central Africa. But her greater achievement was outside the university. In 1977, Wangari set up the Green Belt Movement, an organization focused on tree planting, environmental protection, and women’s rights. She called on Kenyan women to plant trees in their hometown. This simple act not only helped to protect the environment but also made women powerful economically (经济地) and socially. Wangari focused not only on environmental problems. She made great efforts to fight for democracy (民主), human rights, and social fairness. Her activism (激进主义) often put her in disagreement with the Kenyan government. As a result, she was put in prison (监狱) several times, but she kept fighting bravely. It was because of her tireless work that she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004. She became the first African woman to receive the award. Wangari passed away on September 25, 2011, but her spirit continues to inspire a worldwide movement towards environmental protection and social fairness. Her book, Unbowed, records her life journey and the challenges she faced, offering an inspiration to countless people worldwide. Her story lives on through the millions of trees planted by the Green Belt Movement and the countless lives she touched through her hard work. It serves as a reminder that even the smallest actions, like planting a tree, can have a great influence on the world. 1．For what purpose does the writer mention Wangari’s early life in Paragraph 1? A．To describe how she grew up in the countryside. B．To tell us why she studied hard for a doctor’s degree. C．To explain why she cared for environmental problems. D．To show how she became a Nobel Peace Prize winner. 2．What does the underlined part “This simple act” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Setting up an organization. B．Planting trees in Kenya. C．Focusing on women’s rights. D．Fighting for democracy. 3．Why was Wangari put in prison several times? A．Because there was something harmful in her book Unbowed. B．Because she founded the Green Belt Movement organization. C．Because the Kenyan government was angry with her activism. D．Because she received her university education in the United States. 4．What can we learn from Wangari’s story? A．Small actions can make great differences. B．Brave people should win the Nobel Prize. C．Good education can help one be successful. D．We shouldn’t look down upon African women. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了诺贝尔和平奖得主Wangari Maathai的成长经历以及她所带来的影响。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据“This early experience with the environment later inspired her life’s work, which has left an unforgettable mark on the world.”可知，提到这个是为了解释她为什么关心环境问题，故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“She called on Kenyan women to plant trees in their hometown. This simple act not only helped to protect the environment but also made women powerful economically (经济地) and socially.”可知，呼吁肯尼亚妇女在家乡植树的简单行为不仅有助于保护环境，而且使妇女在经济和社会上具有强大的力量，所以划线部分指代“Planting trees in Kenya”，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Her activism (激进主义) often put her in disagreement with the Kenyan government. As a result, she was put in prison (监狱) several times”可知，她的激进主义经常使她与肯尼亚政府产生分歧，结果，她被关进监狱好几次，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“It serves as a reminder that even the smallest actions, like planting a tree, can have a great influence on the world.”可知，从她的故事可以得出“小小的行动可以产生巨大的影响”，故选A。 $Unit 4 Heroes 课时2 Understanding ideas Reading 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 词汇 later /ˈleɪtə/ adv. 之后 footstep /ˈfʊtstep/ n. 足迹 realise /ˈrɪəlaɪz/ v. 明白；认识到 could /kʊd/ v. 能，可以 gentle /ˈdʒentl/ adj. 温和的，温柔的 pity /ˈpɪti/ n. 可惜，遗憾 war /wɔː/ n. 战争 句型 1. According to my great‑aunt, she was a kind person who always thought of others first. 据姑婆讲述，她是一位总是先为他人着想的善良人。 2.She was a brave soldier who never gave in. She didn't say a word even when she was badly hurt by the enemy. 她是一名永不屈服的勇敢战士。即便被敌人残酷伤害，她也只字未吐露。 3.Even now, people speak of her with great respect. 直至今日，人们满怀敬意提起她。 4.I realised that Zhao Yiman was a hero who would live forever in Chinese people's hearts. 我意识到赵一曼是永远活在中国人民心中的英雄。 5.Between the lines, I saw a gentle mother who chose to give her life for her country. 从字里行间，我看到一位温柔的母亲，她选择为祖国献出自己的生命。 6.When you grow up, never forget that I died for our country. 当你长大，永远不要忘记，我是为祖国牺牲的。 ) 一、单词默写 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ___________ adv. 之后 2. ___________ n. 足迹 3. ___________ v. 明白；认识到 4. ___________ v. 能，可以 5. ___________ adj. 温和的，温柔的 6. ___________ n. 可惜，遗憾 7. ___________ n. 战争 二、词组默写 1. ___________ 追随某人的足迹 2. ___________ 字里行间；言外之意 3. ___________ 以……的名字给……命名 4. ___________ 提到；谈及 5. ___________ 离开，丢下 6. ___________ 抚养，养育 7. ___________ 长大 三、根据要求完成句子 1. 据姑婆讲述，她是一位总是先为他人着想的善良人。 ___ ___ my great‑aunt, she was a kind person who always ___ ___ others first. 2. 她是一名永不屈服的勇敢战士。 She was a brave soldier ___ ___ ___ ___. 3. 直至今日，人们满怀敬意提起她。 Even now, people ___ ___ her with great respect. 4. 我意识到赵一曼是永远活在中国人民心中的英雄。 I ___ that Zhao Yiman was a hero who would ___ ___ in Chinese people's hearts. 5. 从字里行间，我看到一位温柔的母亲，她选择为祖国献出自己的生命。 Between the lines, I saw a gentle mother who chose ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ her country. 6. 当你长大，永远不要忘记，我是为祖国牺牲的。 When you grow up, never forget that I ___ ___ our country. 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. If you give up this valuable chance, you will surely regret what you do _________(以后). 2．He is determined to follow those inspiring people’s ________ (footstep) . 3．He ________ (realise) how hard the work was after he tried it. 4．The teacher’s ________ (gentle) words had a deep on the shy boy’s confidence. 5．He is ________ for his carelessness in the exam. (pity) 6．Many soldiers got wounded during the national ________ (war). 7.Although they are gone, their brave spirit will live on ________ (永远) in our hearts. 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式补全短文 （2026·浙江省温州市中考二模） Embrace the New World with a Smile is a book about Qian Xuesen. 1 book was written to remember his 110th birthday. Qian studied in the US 2 he was young. While staying abroad, he made great progress in science. Although the 3 (America) government gave him high pay, he still decided to go back to China. After being blocked by the US for several years, he 4 (final) came back to China in 1955. After Qian returned to China, he worked 5 (hard) than before. He tried his best to develop China’s science and technology. 6 his help, China became much stronger in space exploration. Once at a university, students were asked, “ 7 is the true hero in your mind?” Many young people’s 8 (answer) were Qian Xuesen. The book describes many warm stories of Qian’s daily life. It 9 (show) his deep love for our motherland. We hope 10 (keep) his spirit alive forever. Let’s learn from him and work for the country together! 一、完形填空 What is a hero? Most people connect heroes with bigname stars. 1 , heroes can also be ordinary people around us. They do not do amazing worldchanging things, but they show selfless 2 in daily life. Lei Feng is one of such heroes. He worked in an ordinary post and was always 3 to give a hand to people in need. During the Wenchuan earthquake, Lin Hao became a young rescue hero. He was trapped in rubble, yet he never 4 hope. He tried his best to climb out and then 5 his classmates out. He encouraged and comforted them. Heroes are not only in big news reports. Some are 6 heroes. City cleaners keep streets clean day and night, no matter 7 hot or cold the weather is. Some parents work hard silently for their families. They do not want praise, they just want to bring 8 to others. These ordinary heroes teach us that heroism does not require great achievements. It comes from a warm heart. We should respect them and be 9 for what they have done. Their spirit will continue 10 teenagers to do good things. 1．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Moreover 2．A．pleasure B．interest C．devotion D．pride 3．A．ready B．afraid C．used D．unwilling 4．A．gave in B．gave up C．gave away D．gave out 5．A．carry B．carries C．carried D．carrying 6．A．unsung B．famous C．strange D．silly 7．A．what B．which C．how D．whose 8．A．trouble B．warmth C．pressure D．danger 9．A．sorry B．careful C．grateful D．late 10．A．inspire B．inspired C．to inspire D．to inspiring 2、 阅读理解 Human beings have always looked up to heroes. Heroes are people who inspire us, protect us, and show us what is good in life. But what exactly makes someone a hero? Courage is one of the most important qualities of a hero. Heroes are brave enough to face danger and difficulties. They don’t run away when things get hard. Instead, they stand up for what is right. For example, firefighters rush into burning buildings to save people. They put their own lives at risk to help others. Another important quality is selflessness. Heroes often put others before themselves. They care about the needs of others more than their own. A true hero doesn’t do things for fame or money. They do good things because they want to help. Kindness is also a key part of being a hero. Heroes show care and compassion to everyone, even strangers. They believe that everyone deserves to be treated with respect. Heroes come in all shapes and sizes. Some heroes are famous, like scientists who save millions of lives. Others are everyday people—a teacher who helps students, a neighbor who offers a helping hand, or a parent who works hard to support the family. We can all learn from heroes. Their examples encourage us to be brave, kind, and selfless in our own lives. We should always remember that each of us has the potential to be a hero to someone. 1．What does the underlined word “selflessness” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Putting others before oneself. B．Thinking only about oneself. C．Being afraid of danger. D．Working for fame and money. 2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a quality of a hero in the passage? A．Courage. B．Selflessness. C．Kindness. D．Intelligence. 3．According to the passage, who can be a hero? A．Only famous people. B．Only scientists and firefighters. C．Only parents and teachers. D．Both famous people and everyday people. 4．What does the writer encourage us to do in the last paragraph? A．To become famous. B．To learn from heroes and be brave and kind. C．To help only our family members. D．To look for heroes around the world. 5．What is the best title for this passage? A．Famous Heroes in History B．What Makes a Hero C．How to Become a Firefighter D．The Importance of Courage B What is the first thing that comes to your mind when you hear the word “hero”？ Is it someone who wears a cape（披风）and can fly in the air？ There are onscreen heroes like the superheroes in Avengers（复仇者）,and also everyday heroes in our lives. In general, a hero is someone selfless, courageous and brave. These qualities drive heroes to help others in times of need, even if they are scared. You can count on them to be there for you if something bad happens. Ordinary people-just like you and me -are heroes in their own way, simply just by doing their part for their families and communities. Cleaners, doctors, journalists, delivery workers, nurses, and bus drivers-the list goes on and on. These ordinary people help keep order in our day-to-day lives. And, sometimes, when there are emergencies, these ordinary people show courage and bravery to help complete strangers in need. Being a hero is a universal attribute（属性）of human nature. “The decision to act heroically choice that many of us will be called upon to make at some point in time ？... Heroism becomes something that seems in the range (范围）of possibilities for every person, perhaps inspiring more of us to answer that call,” heroism researchers Zeno Franco and Philip Zimbardo wrote in Greater Good Magazine. Most importantly, you should strive（努力）to be your own hero. Be courageous, honest, and a person with integrity（正直）. Because, once you are your own hero, you can truly do anything you set your mind to. 1．What qualities should a hero have according to the passage？ A．creativity, courage B．unselfishness, fearlessness C．confidence, bravery D．humor, honesty 2．Which of the following statements does the writer most possibly agree with？ A．Heroes won't feel scared. B．Ordinary people can't be heroes. C．Training is the key to being a hero. D．Maybe heroism will inspire more people to be heroes. 3．What does the passage mainly tell us？ A．Where a hero appears. B．What makes a person a hero. C．How a person makes a hero. D．Why a person wants to be a hero. 三、任务型阅读 阅读下面材料，从方框中所给的A—E五个选项中选出正确选项（其中一项是多余选项），将其序号填入第1—4小题，并回答第5小题。 How to Become a Hero in Daily Life Many people think that heroes are born with special talents. 1 Ordinary people can become heroes by making small but meaningful choices every day. Help others. You don’t need to save a life to be a hero. Helping a friend with homework, carrying groceries for an elderly neighbor, or even just listening to someone who is sad can make a big difference. 2 Be kind. Kindness is a simple but powerful act. Smile at a stranger, say thank you, or offer encouragement. 3 Stand up for what is right. If you see someone being treated unfairly, speak up. It takes courage to do the right thing, especially when no one else is doing it. 4 Heroes are not perfect. They are people who choose to make the world a better place, one small action at a time. A．These small acts of kindness can brighten someone’s day. B．But that is not true. C．This is what makes a true hero. D．Heroes are always famous. E．Even a small gesture can show that you care. 5．What do you think is the most important quality of a hero? (不超过15词) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 一、完形填空 （2022·广西桂林市中考英语） My favourite Greek hero is Odysseus. He is the main character in The Odyssey, a famous story by the Greek storyteller, Homer. 1 tells a story about Odysseus and his friends who go from Greece to Troy 2 . After ten years, they win and are very 3 of themselves. Then they set off for home, their way home becomes great 4 . While they are travelling, they meet many strange people. Most of them want to hurt Odysseus and his friends, but a few 5 them. There is a very big man 6 only one eye on an island, he tries to kill them. During this fight, Odysseus loses many of his friends, but he 7 to get away. After ten more years on the way home, Odysseus 8 gets back to his own country, alone. However, he looks so 9 that his wife and son fail to recognize him, they don't know who he is until Odysseus saves them from some bad men. I like this story 10 it is very interesting and exciting. I also learn from Odysseus that great men never give up, no matter what they face. 1．A．It B．Its C．They D．Them 2．A．will fight B．fights C．to fight D．fight 3．A．full B．proud C．famous D．pleased 4．A．ability B．address C．actions D．adventures 5．A．help B．hit C．hug D．hold 6．A．has B．with C．in D．on 7．A．refuses B．want C．manages D．try 8．A．lately B．recently C．nearly D．finally 9．A．difficult B．difficulties C．different D．differences 10．A．so B．because C．but D．and 二、阅读理解 （2024·山东烟台·中考真题） Wangari Maathai, a Nobel Peace Prize winner, was born on April 1, 1940, in Kenya (肯尼亚). Growing up in the countryside, Wangari was deeply connected to the land from an early age. This early experience with the environment later inspired her life’s work, which has left an unforgettable mark on the world. With the help of a program, Wangari received her university education in the United States. After graduation, she returned to Kenya. In 1971, she got a doctor’s degree from the University of Nairobi, becoming the first woman doctor in East and Central Africa. But her greater achievement was outside the university. In 1977, Wangari set up the Green Belt Movement, an organization focused on tree planting, environmental protection, and women’s rights. She called on Kenyan women to plant trees in their hometown. This simple act not only helped to protect the environment but also made women powerful economically (经济地) and socially. Wangari focused not only on environmental problems. She made great efforts to fight for democracy (民主), human rights, and social fairness. Her activism (激进主义) often put her in disagreement with the Kenyan government. As a result, she was put in prison (监狱) several times, but she kept fighting bravely. It was because of her tireless work that she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004. She became the first African woman to receive the award. Wangari passed away on September 25, 2011, but her spirit continues to inspire a worldwide movement towards environmental protection and social fairness. Her book, Unbowed, records her life journey and the challenges she faced, offering an inspiration to countless people worldwide. Her story lives on through the millions of trees planted by the Green Belt Movement and the countless lives she touched through her hard work. It serves as a reminder that even the smallest actions, like planting a tree, can have a great influence on the world. 1．For what purpose does the writer mention Wangari’s early life in Paragraph 1? A．To describe how she grew up in the countryside. B．To tell us why she studied hard for a doctor’s degree. C．To explain why she cared for environmental problems. D．To show how she became a Nobel Peace Prize winner. 2．What does the underlined part “This simple act” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Setting up an organization. B．Planting trees in Kenya. C．Focusing on women’s rights. D．Fighting for democracy. 3．Why was Wangari put in prison several times? A．Because there was something harmful in her book Unbowed. B．Because she founded the Green Belt Movement organization. C．Because the Kenyan government was angry with her activism. D．Because she received her university education in the United States. 4．What can we learn from Wangari’s story? A．Small actions can make great differences. B．Brave people should win the Nobel Prize. C．Good education can help one be successful. D．We shouldn’t look down upon African women. $