Unit 5 Play by the rules分层作业2026-2027学年外研版八年级英语上册

2026—2027学年外研版英语八年级上册 Unit 5 Play by the rules 分层作业 一、作品基础信息 项目 内容 作业名称 Unit 5 Play by the rules 分层作业 学科 英语 年级 八年级（初二） 教材版本 外研版（2024年版）《英语》八年级上册 单元主题 Unit 5 Play by the rules（遵守规则） 主题范畴 人与社会——规则意识、公共秩序与法律法规、网络安全 课时安排 1课时（单元整体课后分层作业） 适用对象 八年级学生（可根据学情弹性选做不同层级） 作业总量 三个层级、8道大题，满分100分 建议时长 基础层约15分钟，提升层约10分钟，拓展层约15分钟（合计20—40分钟） 设计者／审阅 ＿＿＿＿＿＿　／　＿＿＿＿＿＿ 设计时间 2026年10月 排版规范 文档标题：黑体三号加粗居中；一级标题：宋体四号加粗；二级标题：宋体小四加粗；正文：宋体五号；英文、数字、公式：Times New Roman；拼音：汉语拼音体；公式用MathType或Microsoft公式编辑器编辑。 二、设计背景与意图 （一）课标依据 本作业依据《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》设计，落实“主题引领、语篇依托、素养立意”的理念。本单元属于“人与社会”主题范畴，涉及“班级与学校规则，规则意识”“公共秩序与法律法规”“个人信息安全与国家安全意识”等子主题，引导学生在真实语境中理解规则的意义，形成规则意识与社会责任感，发展语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力。 （二）教材分析 本单元以“规则（rules）”为主题，围绕“Play by the rules”展开，共安排六个课时：Starting out 借名言与图片激活学生对规则的已有认知；Understanding ideas 通过记叙文《Rules》讲述作者乘车途中遇到的破坏规则的行为及其感受；Developing ideas 分为听说与阅读两部分，听说讨论特殊场合下的规则，阅读聚焦网络安全规则；Presenting ideas 要求学生设计班级新规。本单元的核心语言为与“规则”相关的重点词汇与短语，重点语法为动词不定式表目的（to do／in order to do／so as to do），以及情态动词 must／mustn't、should／shouldn't、have to 表达规则与义务。 （三）学情分析 八年级学生对身边规则较为熟悉，对“规则”这一话题有话可说，也已具备一定的词汇基础和语篇阅读能力。但学生之间在语言基础、阅读速度和思维深度上存在明显差异：部分学生词汇拼写不牢、语篇信息提取能力较弱；部分学生则能轻松完成基础任务，需要更有挑战性的语篇理解与表达任务来提升思维品质。若统一布置同一份作业，易造成“基础弱的学生做不完、基础好的学生吃不饱”。 （四）设计意图 1. 分层设计，因人而异。作业分“基础巩固层（必做）—能力提升层（选做）—素养拓展层（挑战）”三个层次，让不同水平的学生都能“跳一跳、够得着”，真正减轻过重作业负担。 2. 目标导向，教评一致。每道题均与作业目标对应（见第四部分对应表），做到“练有所依、评有所据”。 3. 语用为本，学用结合。词汇与语法练习均置于“规则”的真实语境中，避免孤立操练；书面表达引导学生辩证思考规则、表达观点，落实育人价值。 三、作业目标 本作业围绕英语学科核心素养，设定以下作业目标： 1.（语言能力）能正确认读、拼写并运用本单元核心词汇，如 opposite、packet、picnic、smelly、reduce、seat、passenger、sign、responsibility、respect、honesty、breath 等。 2.（语言能力）能理解并正确运用动词不定式表目的：to do／in order to do／so as to do；能用情态动词 must／mustn't、should／shouldn't、have to 表达规则、义务与建议。 3.（语言能力）能读懂有关“规则”的记叙文与说明文，获取主旨大意与关键细节，并推断人物的情感变化与作者的写作意图。 4.（语言能力）能围绕“规则”话题，运用本单元词汇、短语和句型进行口头交流与书面表达。 5.（文化意识）认识规则对维护个人安全与社会秩序的重要意义，树立规则意识与责任意识。 6.（文化意识）了解中西方关于规则的文化内涵，尊重规则差异，理解“规则保护而非束缚”的理念。 7.（思维品质）能分析公共场所违规行为的影响，辩证地看待规则，进行简单的比较、分析与推断，并提出自己的观点与建议。 8.（学习能力）能借助上下文和构词法猜测词义，运用预测、略读、找读等阅读策略；能根据自身水平选做相应层次作业，并进行自我评价与反思。 四、作业内容与目标对应表 题号 题型与主要内容 作业层级 对应目标 能力层级 分值 一 单词拼写（规则主题核心词汇） 基础层（必做） 目标1 识记理解 10 二 词形变化填空（构词法运用） 基础层（必做） 目标1 理解应用 10 三 单项选择（目的状语、情态动词） 基础层（必做） 目标2 理解应用 10 四 根据汉语完成句子（重点句型） 基础层（必做） 目标1、2 应用 10 五 完形填空（规则主题语篇） 提升层（选做） 目标2、3 分析应用 15 六 阅读理解（火车上的规则） 提升层（选做） 目标3 理解推断 15 七 任务型阅读（网络安全规则） 拓展层（挑战） 目标3、4、7 分析评价 10 八 书面表达（规则主题征文） 拓展层（挑战） 目标4、7 创造表达 20 合计 8道大题 三个层级 —— —— 100 五、作业评价 （一）评价理念 坚持“教—学—评”一致性，采用结果性评价与过程性评价相结合、教师评价与学生自评互评相结合的多元评价方式，既关注语言知识的落实，也关注思维品质与规则意识的养成。评价以星级（★／★★／★★★）呈现，不排名、不比较，重在激励。 （二）评价方式与工具 评价类型 评价主体 评价内容 评价工具 结果性评价 教师 习题一至七的客观题正确率 参考答案与解析、分数 表现性评价 教师、同伴 书面表达与任务型阅读的完成质量 书面表达评分参考表 过程性评价 学生本人 作业态度、用时、书写与订正情况 作业自评与互评表 （三）分层达标标准 作业层级 对应题目 达标要求 评价等级 基础层（必做） 习题一至四 得分不低于该层总分的80% 合格 提升层（选做） 习题五、六 得分不低于该层总分的80% 良好 拓展层（挑战） 习题七、八 得分不低于该层总分的80% 优秀 （四）书面表达评分参考（满分20分） 评价维度 优秀（满分） 良好（80%以上） 待提高（60%以下） 内容要点 三方面要点齐全，内容充实 要点基本齐全，个别遗漏 要点缺失较多 语言表达 词汇句型丰富，语法准确 表达基本清楚，少量错误 错误较多，影响理解 篇章结构 层次清晰，衔接自然 结构较清楚 结构零散 书写规范 书写工整，卷面整洁 书写较工整 书写潦草 （五）作业自评与互评表 评价项目 自评（★） 互评（★） 师评（★） 备注 按时完成，书写工整 掌握本单元核心词汇 会用不定式表目的和情态动词 能读懂规则主题语篇 能用英语表达自己对规则的看法 六、试题详情 （一）基础巩固层（必做·★，共40分） 习题一　根据句意及首字母或汉语提示，写出正确的单词。（每小题1分，共10分） 1. Please don't make a n＿＿＿＿ in the reading room. 2. There is a bank o＿＿＿＿ the school, on the other side of the road. 3. The little girl gave her seat to an old ＿＿＿＿（乘客）on the bus. 4. We are going to have a ＿＿＿＿（野餐）by the lake this Sunday. 5. The fish in the bin is ＿＿＿＿（有臭味的）. Please take it away. 6. We should be ＿＿＿＿（诚实的）and never tell lies. 7. He took a deep b＿＿＿＿ and stood up to stop the bad behaviour. 8. It's everyone's ＿＿＿＿（责任）to keep our city clean and tidy. 9. Remember to wear your seat ＿＿＿＿（安全带）when you are in a car. 10. Look at the ＿＿＿＿（标志）on the wall. It says "No smoking". 习题二　用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。（每小题1分，共10分） 1. The children were too ＿＿＿＿ (noise), so I couldn't read my book. 2. His ＿＿＿＿ (honest) made everyone in the class trust him. 3. Nobody wants to sit next to the ＿＿＿＿ (smell) food. 4. Please tell me the ＿＿＿＿ (true) about what happened just now. 5. It is our ＿＿＿＿ (responsible) to protect the environment. 6. The bus was full of ＿＿＿＿ (passenger) this morning. 7. Don't be so ＿＿＿＿ (fool). It's really dangerous. 8. Two ＿＿＿＿ (lawyer) are talking about the case in the office. 9. The good news ＿＿＿＿ (spread) quickly through the school yesterday. 10. Please read the ＿＿＿＿ (base) rules of the game first. 习题三　单项选择。（每小题1分，共10分） 1. We should ＿＿＿＿ the old when we are on the bus. A. kick　　B. respect　　C. spread　　D. fool 2. He got up very early ＿＿＿＿ catch the first train. A. in order to　　B. so that　　C. because　　D. but 3. The girl played loud music on the train, and I felt ＿＿＿＿. A. happy　　B. glad　　C. surprised　　D. excited 4. — Must I finish the work now？　— No, you ＿＿＿＿. You can do it tomorrow. A. mustn't　　B. can't　　C. shouldn't　　D. needn't 5. Students ＿＿＿＿ wear school uniforms on school days. It's a school rule. A. mustn't　　B. must　　C. needn't　　D. can't 6. There is a sign on the wall. It says "Please ＿＿＿＿ quiet". A. keep　　B. keeping　　C. to keep　　D. kept 7. I took a deep ＿＿＿＿ and stood up to stop the bad behaviour. A. breathe　　B. noise　　C. breath　　D. seat 8. — Is there a post office near here？　— Yes, it's ＿＿＿＿ the school. You can't miss it. A. opposite of　　B. opposite　　C. opposite at　　D. opposite for 9. We should ＿＿＿＿ the rules instead of breaking them. A. break　　B. spread　　C. cause　　D. follow 10. The food was ＿＿＿＿ smelly that I couldn't eat it. A. so　　B. such　　C. very　　D. too 习题四　根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。（每小题2分，共10分） 1. 为了赶上最早的一班火车，他五点就起床了。 He got up at five ＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ catch the earliest train. 2. 她捂住鼻子，以减少难闻的气味。 She covered her nose ＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ reduce the smell. 3. 我们应该遵守规则，而不是违反它们。 We should ＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿, not break them. 4. 请不要在公共场合大声播放音乐。 Please don't ＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ in public. 5. 他转过身来，想看看其他乘客的表情。 He turned around ＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ the other passengers' faces. （二）能力提升层（选做·★★，共30分） 习题五　完形填空。（每小题1.5分，共15分） 　　Rules are everywhere in our life. They make our world ＿＿1＿＿ and more beautiful. 　　At school, we have many rules. We mustn't be ＿＿2＿＿ for class, and we must hand in our homework on time. We should ＿＿3＿＿ our teachers and classmates. 　　On the road, we must ＿＿4＿＿ the traffic rules. We should cross the road when the light is green. When we take a bus or a train, we must wear a seat ＿＿5＿＿ and give our seats to the old. 　　In a library, we should keep ＿＿6＿＿ and not make any noise. 　　Some people think rules are ＿＿7＿＿ and boring. But in fact, rules are good for us. They protect us and keep us ＿＿8＿＿. ＿＿9＿＿ everyone follows the rules, our life will be much better. 　　So let's start from now on and ＿＿10＿＿ by the rules! 1. A. worse　　B. safer　　C. dirtier　　D. smaller 2. A. early　　B. late　　C. ready　　D. free 3. A. kick　　B. fool　　C. respect　　D. break 4. A. follow　　B. break　　C. make　　D. miss 5. A. belt　　B. bag　　C. coat　　D. hat 6. A. noisy　　B. quiet　　C. busy　　D. free 7. A. useful　　B. helpful　　C. strict　　D. important 8. A. dangerous　　B. safe　　C. tired　　D. angry 9. A. If　　B. Though　　C. But　　D. So 10. A. play　　B. live　　C. work　　D. study 习题六　阅读理解。（每小题3分，共15分） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Rules on the Train 　　After a busy day, I got on the train to go home. I found a quiet seat and took out my book. 　　Suddenly, a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone. What a shock! A minute later, the man next to me took out several packets of food and began to eat. The food was so smelly that I had to cover my nose. Then a boy behind me started to kick my seat. I asked him to stop, but his mother said, "Come on, he's just a kid." 　　I turned around to see the other passengers. They also seemed unhappy, but no one did anything. I looked at the signs on the wall. They read "Please be quiet", "No smelly food" and "Please look after your children". Everyone knows the rules, I thought. They aren't just on the wall but also in our minds and hearts. 　　Suddenly, I felt brave. I took a deep breath and stood up. "Excuse me," I said, "we should all follow the rules here." To my surprise, some passengers began to nod (点头). The girl turned off her music, and the man put away his food. The train became quiet again. 1. What did the girl opposite the writer do on the train？ A. She ate some food.　　B. She played loud music.　　C. She kicked a seat.　　D. She read a book. 2. Why did the writer cover his nose？ A. Because the food was smelly.　　B. Because the train was dirty.　　C. Because he had a cold.　　D. Because the music was loud. 3. What did the boy's mother say when the writer asked her son to stop？ A. She said sorry at once.　　B. She said her son was just a kid.　　C. She turned off the music.　　D. She asked the writer to sit down. 4. What can we learn from the signs on the wall？ A. There were no rules on the train.　　B. Rules are only words on the wall.　　C. The writer didn't understand them.　　D. Everyone should follow the rules. 5. What is the best title for the passage？ A. A Busy Day at Work　　B. Rules on the Train　　C. How to Read on a Train　　D. A Kind Mother （三）素养拓展层（挑战·★★★，共30分） 习题七　任务型阅读。阅读短文，回答问题。（每小题2分，共10分） 　　The Internet is very useful, but we must follow some rules when we use it. 　　First, never give your personal information to strangers online. Your name, address and phone number are all important. If a stranger asks for them, say "no" and tell your parents at once. 　　Second, don't click on strange links (链接). They may bring viruses (病毒) to your computer and make it stop working. 　　Third, if someone says something bad to you online, don't answer it. Just tell your parents or teachers, and they will help you. Remember, cyberbullying (网络欺凌) is a serious problem. 　　Fourth, remember that not everything on the Internet is true. Learn to think carefully before you believe it. 　　Rules make the Internet a safe place for everyone. Let's play by the rules online! 1. What is the passage mainly about？＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2. What should you do if a stranger asks for your personal information？＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 3. Why shouldn't we click on strange links？＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 4. What should you do if someone says something bad to you online？＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 5. 请用一句话谈谈你打算如何安全上网。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 习题八　书面表达。（共20分） 学校正在开展“规则伴我行”主题活动。请你根据以下提示，以 “Rules in My Life” 为题，用英语写一篇短文参赛。 提示：1. 你在学校或家中需要遵守的规则（至少两条）； 　　　2. 你认为为什么要遵守这些规则； 　　　3. 你对规则的看法或呼吁。 要求：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当发挥；3. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。 参考词汇：follow the rules, on time, hand in, be late for, respect, keep quiet, in my opinion, play by the rules Rules in My Life ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 七、答案与解析 （一）基础巩固层 习题一　1. noise　2. opposite　3. passenger　4. picnic　5. smelly　6. honest　7. breath　8. responsibility　9. belt　10. sign 【解析】第2题 opposite 作介词，后直接接名词，意为“在……对面”；第7题 breath 为名词，“take a deep breath”意为“深吸一口气”，注意与动词 breathe 区分；第9题 seat belt 意为“安全带”。 习题二　1. noisy　2. honesty　3. smelly　4. truth　5. responsibility　6. passengers　7. foolish　8. lawyers　9. spread　10. basic 【解析】第1题 too 后用形容词 noisy；第2、4、5题考查名词形式；第6题 The bus was full of 后接可数名词复数 passengers；第7题 be 后用形容词 foolish；第8题 two 后接复数 lawyers；第9题由 yesterday 可知用一般过去时，spread 的过去式仍为 spread；第10题修饰名词 rules 用形容词 basic。 习题三　1—5 BACDB　6—10 ACBDA 【解析】 1. B　respect 意为“尊重”，符合“在公交车上应尊重老人”的语境。 2. A　in order to 后接动词原形，表示目的“为了”。 3. C　遇到有人大声播放音乐，应是“感到惊讶”，surprised 符合语境。 4. D　must 引导的一般疑问句，其否定回答用 needn't，表示“不必”。 5. B　must 表示“必须”，符合校规语境。 6. A　祈使句用动词原形，选 keep。 7. C　take a deep breath 为固定搭配，breath 是名词。 8. B　opposite 作介词，后直接接名词，不与 of／at／for 连用。 9. D　follow the rules 意为“遵守规则”。 10. A　so ... that ... 表示“如此……以至于……”，so 后接形容词。 习题四　1. in order to　2. so as to　3. follow the rules　4. play loud music　5. to see 【解析】第1、2题考查动词不定式表目的，in order to 与 so as to 均可表示“为了……”；第3题 follow the rules 意为“遵守规则”；第5题用不定式表目的，说明“转身”的目的。 （二）能力提升层 习题五　1—5 BBCAA　6—10 BCBAA 【解析】1. B　规则让世界更安全、更美好，safer 符合语境。2. B　be late for class 意为“上课迟到”。3. C　respect 意为“尊重”。4. A　follow the traffic rules 意为“遵守交通规则”。5. A　wear a seat belt 意为“系安全带”。6. B　keep quiet 意为“保持安静”。7. C　strict and boring 表示“严格又枯燥”。8. B　keep us safe 意为“保证我们的安全”。9. A　if 引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”。10. A　play by the rules 意为“按规则行事”。 习题六　1—5 BABDB 【解析】1. B　由第二段 a girl opposite me started playing loud music 可知。2. A　由第二段 The food was so smelly that I had to cover my nose 可知。3. B　由第二段 his mother said, "Come on, he's just a kid." 可知。4. D　由第三段 Everyone knows the rules ... in our minds and hearts 可知人人都应遵守规则。5. B　全文围绕“火车上的规则”展开，B项最佳。 【语篇导读】本文讲述作者乘坐火车回家时，遇到有人大声放音乐、吃味道很重的食物、踢座位等违规行为，最终鼓起勇气呼吁大家遵守规则，车厢恢复安静的故事，引导学生认识遵守公共规则的重要性。 （三）素养拓展层 习题七（答案不唯一，意思接近即可） 1. (It is mainly about) Internet safety rules for students. / Rules for using the Internet safely. 2. We should say "no" and tell our parents at once. 3. Because they may bring viruses to our computer. 4. We should not answer it and tell our parents or teachers. 5. 示例：I will keep my personal information private and never click on strange links. 习题八　One possible version: 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Rules in My Life 　　There are many rules in my life. At school, I must wear my school uniform and hand in my homework on time. I also shouldn't be late for class. At home, I shouldn't play with my phone for too long, and I should help my parents do some housework. 　　I think rules are important because they keep us safe and help us get on well with others. 　　In my opinion, we should follow the rules instead of breaking them. Let's play by the rules and make our life better! 【写作指导】本文可分三段：第一段写自己需要遵守的规则（学校与家庭各写一两条），可借助“at school ... at home ...”的并列结构；第二段说明遵守规则的原因，可用 because 引出；第三段表明自己的态度与呼吁，用 in my opinion 引出观点。写作时注意运用本单元词汇、短语（如 follow the rules、on time、respect）以及不定式表目的和情态动词等核心语言。 — 第 页 — 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $