Unit 8 The world of literature 单词短语句型语法（教材考点精练）英语新教材译林版九年级上册

Unit 8 The world of literature 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 参考答案 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、根据首字母填空（共11小题，每小题1分，共11分） 1. bedside 2. unable 3. widely 4. branches 5. apartment 6. sense 7. seat 8. enemies 9. mirror 10. works 11. knock 二、根据汉语提示填空（共9小题，每小题1分，共9分） 1. typical 2. against 3. masterpiece 4. survive 5. fair 6. act 7. lasting 8. doorbell 9. against 三、用单词的适当形式填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1. will get 2. personal 3. widely 4. fools 5. unable 6. lasting 7. makes 8. mistaken 9. to prove 10. more valuable 四、单项选择（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分） 1-5. A A D A D 6-10. C A B B A 综合攻坚·知能拔高 一、首字母填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 1. However 2. works 3. explaining 4. leading 5. practice 6. themes 7. acted 8. remain 9. correctly 10. praised 二、短文填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 1. creativity 2. which##that 3. centuries 4. valuable 5. on##upon 6. has been 7. to form 8. thinking 9. is thrown 10. a 三、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 1-5. B C C A C 6-10. B A D A D 11-15. B D C D B 四、信息还原（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分） 1. D 2. E 3. F 4. C 5. A 五、阅读理解（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. B 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 The world of literature 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 教材考点概览 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、根据首字母填空（共11小题，每小题1分，共11分） 1. There is a small lamp at his b that helps him read before bed. 【答案】bedside 【解析】句意：他床边有一盏小灯，帮助他睡前阅读。at his bedside 意为“在他床边”，bedside 符合语境。 2. She is u to finish the work unless you give her a hand. 【答案】unable 【解析】句意：除非你帮她一把，否则她无法完成这项工作。be unable to do sth. 意为“无法做某事”，unable 符合句意。 3. The famous writer's works have been w translated into different languages and loved by readers everywhere. 【答案】widely 【解析】句意：这位著名作家的作品已被广泛翻译成不同语言，受到各地读者的喜爱。widely translated 意为“被广泛翻译”，用副词 widely 修饰 translated。 4. The strong wind broke many b of the old tree that stood in front of our house. 【答案】branches 【解析】句意：大风折断了我家门前那棵老树的许多树枝。branch 意为“树枝”，根据 many 可知用复数 branches。 5. After moving to the city, they rented a small a on the fifth floor with a lovely view of the park. 【答案】apartment 【解析】句意：搬到城里后，他们在五楼租了一间小公寓，能看到公园的美丽景色。rent a small apartment 意为“租一间小公寓”，apartment 符合句意。 6. It doesn't make s to stay up all night studying if you're too tired to focus the next day. 【答案】sense 【解析】句意：如果你第二天太累无法集中注意力，那么通宵学习就没有意义。make sense 为固定搭配，意为“有意义、讲得通”，sense 符合句意。 7. Please find your s in the theatre quickly before the movie starts and the lights go down. 【答案】seat 【解析】句意：请在电影开始、灯光熄灭之前赶快在剧院里找到你的座位。find your seat 意为“找到你的座位”，seat 符合句意。 8. A wise leader knows how to respect his e because understanding them is the first step to winning any war. 【答案】enemies 【解析】句意：一位明智的领导者知道如何尊重他的敌人，因为了解他们是赢得任何战争的第一步。enemy 意为“敌人”，根据 his 和 them 可知用复数 enemies。 9. In the story Snow White, the magic m that the queen used always told her who was the most beautiful 【答案】mirror 【解析】句意：在《白雪公主》的故事中，女王使用的魔镜总是告诉她谁是最美丽的人。magic mirror 意为“魔镜”，mirror 符合语境。 10. His early w that tell the stories of common people have moved millions of readers. 【答案】works 【解析】句意：他早期讲述普通人故事的著作感动了数百万读者。works 意为“著作、作品”，根据 tell 和 have moved 可知用复数 works。 11. Late at night, there was a sudden and very loud k at the old wooden door which made us jump. 【答案】knock 【解析】句意：深夜，旧木门上突然传来一声很响的敲门声，吓了我们一跳。a sudden and very loud knock 意为“突然而响亮的敲门声”，knock 符合句意。 1. bedside 2. unable 3. widely 4. branches 5. apartment 6. sense 7. seat 8. enemies 9. mirror 10. works 11.knock 二、根据汉语提示填空（共9小题，每小题1分，共9分） 1. Jane Eyre is Bronte's (典型的) novel about courage in the face of despair. 【答案】typical 【解析】句意：《简·爱》是勃朗特的一部典型小说，讲述了面对绝望时的勇气。typical 意为“典型的”，作形容词修饰 novel。 2. Put the box (紧靠) the window so that it won't fall onto the floor. 【答案】against 【解析】句意：把箱子紧靠着窗户放，这样它就不会掉到地板上。against 意为“紧靠、倚着”，put ... against ... 表示“把……紧靠在……上”。 3. Leonardo's Last Supper is widely regarded as a (杰作). 【答案】masterpiece 【解析】句意：达·芬奇的《最后的晚餐》被广泛认为是杰作。masterpiece 意为“杰作”，a masterpiece 意为“一件杰作”。 4. Unless we act now, only a few hundred of these amazing animals will (继续存在) on our planet in the future. 【答案】survive 【解析】句意：除非我们现在采取行动，否则未来这些神奇动物中只有几百只将继续生存在我们的星球上。survive 意为“继续存在、生存”，will 后用动词原形。 5. I will never forget the book (展销会) that we visited last Sunday, where I found many wonderful books. 【答案】fair 【解析】句意：我永远不会忘记我们上周日参观的那个书展，在那里我找到了许多精彩的书。book fair 意为“书展、图书展销会”，fair 符合句意。 6. The third (幕) of the play is so moving that almost everyone in the theatre cried. 【答案】act 【解析】句意：这部戏的第三幕如此感人，以至于剧院里几乎每个人都哭了。act 意为“幕”，the third act 意为“第三幕”。 7. Good friendship can bring us (持久的) happiness that we will treasure all our lives. 【答案】lasting 【解析】句意：良好的友谊能带给我们持久的幸福，我们将终生珍惜。lasting 意为“持久的”，作形容词修饰 happiness。 8. As soon as the (门铃) rang, my little dog ran towards the gate happily. 【答案】doorbell 【解析】句意：门铃一响，我的小狗就高兴地朝大门跑去。doorbell 意为“门铃”，the doorbell rang 意为“门铃响了”。 9. We took a photo (以…为背景) the blue sky, which looked very beautiful and peaceful. 【答案】against 【解析】句意：我们以蓝天为背景拍了一张照片，看起来非常美丽宁静。against 意为“以……为背景”，take a photo against ... 表示“以……为背景拍照”。 1. typical 2. against 3. masterpiece 4. survive 5. fair 6. act 7. lasting 8. doorbell 9. against 三、用单词的适当形式填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1. If you take your time to prepare for the exam, you (get) a good grade certainly. 【答案】will get 【解析】句意：如果你慢慢花时间准备考试，你一定会取得好成绩。if 引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，结构为“主将从现”，填 will get。 2. Some (person) information like fingerprints can help find out the criminal. 【答案】personal 【解析】句意：一些个人信息如指纹可以帮助找出罪犯。修饰名词 information，用形容词 personal（个人的）。 3. This book is (wide) read by teenagers because it is full of positive energy. 【答案】widely 【解析】句意：这本书被青少年广泛阅读，因为它充满正能量。修饰动词 read，用副词 widely（广泛地）。 4. Only those who never try will be looked on as (fool) in the end. 【答案】fools 【解析】句意：只有那些从不尝试的人最终才会被视为傻瓜。be looked on as fools 意为“被视为傻瓜”，主语为 those，用复数 fools。 5. He was (able) to work out the problem though he had tried many times. 【答案】unable 【解析】句意：尽管他尝试了很多次，他还是无法解出这道题。be unable to do sth. 意为“无法做某事”，根据 though 转折可知用 able 的反义词 unable。 6. True friendship can bring us (last) happiness that nothing else can replace. 【答案】lasting 【解析】句意：真正的友谊能带给我们持久的幸福，是其他任何东西都无法替代的。lasting happiness 意为“持久的幸福”，用形容词 lasting 修饰 happiness。 7. What (make) the book great is that it teaches people to be kind and brave. 【答案】makes 【解析】句意：使这本书伟大的是它教导人们善良和勇敢。主语为 What 引导的主语从句，谓语动词用第三人称单数 makes。 8. New York is often (mistake) for the capital city of America. 【答案】mistaken 【解析】句意：纽约常被误认为是美国的首都。be mistaken for 意为“被误认为”，用过去分词 mistaken。 9. That is the only way I can think of (prove) what I said is true. 【答案】to prove 【解析】句意：这是我能想到的证明我说的是真的的唯一方法。way to do sth. 意为“做某事的方法”，用动词不定式 to prove。 10. What makes life (value) than any other thing in the world is that it doesn't last forever. 【答案】more valuable 【解析】句意：使生命比世界上任何其他东西都更有价值的是它不会永远持续。than 前面用比较级，value 的形容词比较级为 more valuable。 1. will get 2. personal 3. widely 4. fools 5. unable 6. lasting 7. makes 8. mistaken 9. to prove 10. more valuable 四、单项选择（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分） 1. Whether to go on to study abroad a problem for her. She hasn't made a decision yet. A. remains B. reminds C. requires D. reduces 【答案】A 【解析】句意：是否继续出国留学对她来说仍然是个问题。她还没有做出决定。remain 意为“仍然是、保持”，符合句意。remind 提醒，require 需要，reduce 减少，均不符合。 2. --- Could you give me some advice on what to read? --- Of course, but it mainly depends on your taste. For me, science fiction is my cup of tea. A. personal B. classical C. unusual D. natural 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你能给我一些关于读什么的建议吗？——当然，但这主要取决于你的个人品味。对我来说，科幻小说是我的最爱。personal taste 意为“个人品味”，符合句意。classical 古典的，unusual 不寻常的，natural 自然的，均不符合。 3. Here’s a notice for this week’s school Book Club activities. From it we can learn . Notice Activities: · a talk on two classical Chinese novels Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions · act out the stories in groups · Time: 1:30 p. m.-3:00 p. m., Thursday · Teacher: Miss Yu Sunshine Book Club A. club members will act out the stories alone B. in which room the club activities will be held C. what the club members will do on Tuesday afternoon D. who will give a talk on the two classical Chinese novels 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这是本周学校读书俱乐部活动的通知。从中我们可以了解到谁将就两部中国古典小说做讲座。通知中明确提到 Teacher: Miss Yu，即由余老师做讲座。A 项“独自表演”与原文 act out the stories in groups 不符；B 项房间号未提及；C 项时间是周四而非周二下午，均错误。 4. --- Daniel, I want to read the book Journey to the West. But I don’t know . --- You can try Nantong Library. A. how I can get one B. what I should take with me C. when I can borrow one D. if I can take Underground Line 1 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——丹尼尔，我想读《西游记》。但我不知道怎样才能得到一本。——你可以试试南通图书馆。根据答语 You can try Nantong Library 可知问的是“如何得到一本书”，用 how I can get one。B 项“该带什么”、C 项“何时能借”、D 项“是否能坐地铁1号线”均不符合。 5. --- This article says a person who loves red is confident and willing to challenge new things. --- . My cousin likes red best, but he is shy and sometimes a little lazy. A. I can't agree more B. Don't mention it C. That's all right D. That's not the case 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——这篇文章说喜欢红色的人自信且愿意挑战新事物。——事实并非如此。我表弟最喜欢红色，但他害羞，有时还有点懒。That's not the case 意为“事实并非如此”，用于反驳对方观点，符合语境。I can't agree more 我完全同意，Don't mention it 不客气，That's all right 没关系，均不符合。 6. Which of the following words can be filled in the blank? The difficult things in the world must start from the easy ones, and the great things must be achieved through . --- Taken from Tao Te Ching(道经) A. promises B. results C. details D. moods 【答案】C 【解析】 句意：天下难事，必作于易；天下大事，必作于细。details 意为“细节”，与“易”对应，符合《道德经》原文含义。promises 承诺，results 结果，moods 情绪，均不符合。 7. --- Have you finished your project? --- Not yet. I'll finish it if I ten more minutes. A. am given B. will be given C. give D. will give 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你的项目完成了吗？——还没有。如果再给我十分钟，我就完成了。if 引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来；I 与 give 是被动关系，用 am given。 8. --- I dream of getting into a good high school. Do you think it will come true? --- Nothing will happen you put all your efforts into it. A. if B. unless C. though D. because 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我梦想进入一所好高中。你觉得会实现吗？——除非你全力以赴，否则什么都不会发生。unless 意为“除非”，引导条件状语从句，符合句意。if 如果，though 虽然，because 因为，均不符合。 9. Which English saying can best describe the text below? … Then, I made another place for my goats and kept half of them in each field. If one group of goats were discovered, I would still have the other... --- Taken from Robinson Crusoe A. It never rains but it pours. B. Don't put all your eggs in one basket. C. A miss is as good as a mile. D. The grass is always greener on the other side. 【答案】B 【解析】句意：下面这段文字最能用哪句英语谚语来描述？……然后，我为我的山羊另找了一个地方，把它们一半养在一片地里，一半养在另一片地里。如果一群山羊被发现了，我至少还有另一群…… Don't put all your eggs in one basket 意为“不要把所有鸡蛋放在一个篮子里”，即分散风险，与鲁滨逊把山羊分开放养的做法一致。A 项“祸不单行”，C 项“失之毫厘，谬以千里”，D 项“这山望着那山高”，均不符合。 10. --- Mum, I’m a little worried about my writing competition next week. --- , my dear. You always shine when you try your best. A. Cheer up B. Well done C. Good idea D. All right 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——妈妈，我有点担心下周的写作比赛。——振作起来，亲爱的。你只要尽力，总会闪光的。Cheer up 意为“振作起来”，用于鼓励对方，符合语境。Well done 做得好，Good idea 好主意，All right 好吧，均不符合。 1-5. A A D A D 6-10. C A B B A 综合攻坚·知能拔高 一、首字母填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） Sometimes, learning about poetry can be boring. 1. H , students at Beijing New Oriental Foreign Language School in Yangzhou had fun studying it. They enjoyed ancient poems, shared their own 2. w , and even created new ones with their foreign language teachers. When preparing for the class, Chinese teacher Liu Xi noticed that students often studied poetry passively. "Instead of 3. e every line myself, I want them to learn from the poems and express themselves," Liu said. In her class, students played a 4. 1 role. They learned about imagery and techniques from ancient poems and then put them into 5. p . After that, many students wrote impressive original poems, such as Recalling Youth and The Moon Said, showing how they see and think about the world. Students' favourite activity was collage(拼贴) poetry. The teacher prepared cards with words and lines from poems. Students used these cards to create new poems on 6. t like the moon or the nation, They also 7. a as "cultural translators", helping their foreign language teachers make their own. This activity encouraged students to 8. r interested throughout the class and study poems more carefully. "Only when we fully understand each character and line can we describe it 9.c to our foreign language teachers," said one student. "When Ken, my group's teacher, 10. p the beauty of jiaguwen and the rhythm of Chinese poetry, I felt so proud of our history and culture." 【答案】 1. However 2. works 3. explaining 4. leading 5. practice 6. themes 7. acted 8. remain 9. correctly 10. praised 【解析】 【1题详解】However 句意：有时候，学习诗歌可能很无聊。然而，扬州北京新东方外国语学校的学生们却学得很开心。前后为转折关系，用 However（然而），首字母大写。 【2题详解】works 句意：他们欣赏古诗，分享自己的作品，甚至和外语老师一起创作新诗。works 意为“作品”，根据 shared 可知用复数形式。 【3题详解】explaining 句意：“与其我自己逐行解释，我想让他们从诗歌中学习并表达自己，”刘老师说。instead of 后接动名词，explain 意为“解释”，用 explaining。 【4题详解】leading 句意：在她的课堂上，学生们发挥了主导作用。play a leading role 为固定搭配，意为“发挥主导作用”，用 leading。 【5题详解】practice 句意：他们从古诗中学习意象和技巧，然后将其付诸实践。put ... into practice 为固定搭配，意为“把……付诸实践”，用 practice。 【6题详解】themes 句意：学生们用这些卡片围绕月亮或国家等主题创作新诗。theme 意为“主题”，根据 like the moon or the nation 可知用复数 themes。 【7题详解】acted 句意：他们还充当“文化翻译”，帮助外语老师创作自己的诗。act as 意为“充当、担任”，根据全文时态可知用一般过去时 acted。 【8题详解】remain 句意：这项活动鼓励学生整堂课都保持兴趣，更仔细地学习诗歌。remain interested 意为“保持兴趣”，encourage sb. to do sth. 后用动词原形 remain。 【9题详解】correctly 句意：“只有当我们完全理解每个字和每行诗，我们才能正确地向外语老师描述它，”一名学生说。修饰动词 describe，用副词 correctly（正确地）。 【10题详解】praised 句意：“当我的小组老师肯夸赞甲骨文之美和中国诗歌的韵律时，我为我们的历史和文化感到如此自豪。”praise 意为“夸赞、赞扬”，根据 felt 可知用一般过去时 praised。 二、短文填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Playing with toys is an important part of a child’s development. It helps children develop important skills such as ____1___ (creative), problem-solving and even socialization. Here are some of the traditional Chinese toys for kids ____2____ are both fun and educational. Kites have been enjoyed by children in China for ____3____ (century). These simple toys not only provide hours of fun but also offer ____4____ (value) learning opportunities. Children can learn how to adapt their kites for best performance based ____5____ wind speed and direction. Flying kites can also help children develop their coordination and dexterity (协调性和灵活性). The tangram is a type of puzzle (拼图) that ____6____ (be) popular in China since ancient times. The puzzle includes seven pieces that can be arranged ____7____ (form) different shapes and figures. Playing with tangrams can help children not only develop their spatial reasoning and critical ____8____ (think) skills, but also improve their visual perception (视觉感知能力) and creativity. The bamboo-copter, also known as the bamboo dragonfly or Chinese top, dates back to the Jin Dynasty. It’s made of bamboo and features a rotor blade (旋转叶片) that turns when the toy ____9____ (throw) into the air. As the rotor turns, the bamboo-copter takes off and flies like ____10____ tiny helicopter (直升飞机). Playing with the bamboo-copter can help children learn about the relationship between the rotor blade and airflow, and how this creates lift, as well as improving children’s hand-eye coordination. 【答案】 1. creativity 2. which##that 3. centuries 4. valuable 5. on##upon 6. has been 7. to form 8. thinking 9. is thrown 10. a 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了三种中国传统玩具——风筝、七巧板和竹蜻蜓，说明了它们对儿童创造力、解决问题能力、协调性等技能发展的教育价值。 【1题详解】 考查名词作宾语。句意：它帮助儿童发展重要技能，如创造力、解决问题能力，甚至社交能力。空处作介词短语such as的宾语，与problem-solving和socialization并列，应用名词形式creativity。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：以下是一些中国传统儿童玩具，它们既有趣又有教育意义。空处引导定语从句，先行词为toys，指物，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。 【3题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：风筝在中国已有数百年历史，深受孩子们的喜爱。提示词为可数名词，空前无限定词，表示“数百年”，应用复数形式centuries。 【4题详解】 考查形容词作定语。句意：这些简单的玩具不仅提供数小时的乐趣，还提供宝贵的学习机会。空处修饰名词opportunities，应用形容词valuable作定语。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：孩子们可以学习如何根据风速和风向调整风筝以获得最佳性能。(be) based on/upon为固定搭配，意为“基于/根据”。 【6题详解】 考查时态。句意：七巧板是一种拼图，自古以来在中国就很受欢迎。空处是从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语“since ancient times”可知，表示从过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时，主语that指代The tangram，为第三人称单数，助动词用has。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个拼图包含七块，可以排列成不同的形状和图形。空处是非谓语动词，作目的状语，表示“为了形成”，应用不定式to form。 【8题详解】 考查动名词。句意：玩七巧板不仅可以帮助儿童发展空间推理和批判性思维能力，还可以提高他们的视觉感知能力和创造力。空处是非谓语动词，修饰名词skills，应用动名词thinking作定语，critical thinking skills表示“批判性思维能力”。 【9题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：它由竹子制成，带有旋转叶片，当玩具被抛向空中时，叶片会随之转动。空处是从句的谓语动词，与主语the toy之间是被动关系，表示“被抛”，应用被动语态；描述一般情况，要用一般现在时，所以空处要用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。 【10题详解】 考查冠词。句意：随着叶片转动，竹蜻蜓起飞，像一架微型直升机一样飞行。helicopter为可数名词单数，此处泛指，表示“一架微型直升机”，且tiny以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 三、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A storm with strong winds struck late on a Friday evening, knocking down trees, blocking roads, damaging homes, and destroying power lines. Thousands of people ____1____ found themselves in the dark without water or electricity. They found themselves cut off from the modern world, ____2____ 37℃ plus heat with no help and no idea when it would be over. ____3____, the most amazing thing happened: the storm ____4____ the best in us. While there were a few selfish acts, they were overwhelmed (淹没) by the wave of love and ____5____ that came from the hearts of so many. People shared their food and ice. People who still had power ____6____ their homes to those who had none. People rushed out to clear roads, repair the damage and ____7____ electricity. People ____8____ on front porches (前廊) to talk. Strangers came together as one family to help one another in this time of great need. It was a great ____9____ to see all these people acting like this in such a tough situation. In life, ____10____ strike all of us from time to time. No one can ____11____ it. We all get challenged. We all get squeezed by the difficulties. How we ____12____ these difficulties, though, is ____13____ us. We can choose to be like monsters of selfishness or ____14____ of kindness. May you always present the best from your heart and soul, no matter what life may ____15____ at you. 1. A. accidentally B. suddenly C. eventually D. gradually 2 A. enjoying B. managing C. bearing D. carrying 3. A. Therefore B. Instead C. However D. Besides 4. A. brought out B. made up C. accounted for D. stuck to 5. A. silence B. loss C. sympathy D. luck 6. A. borrowed B. opened C. sold D. adjusted 7. A. restore B. rebuild C. recall D. reuse 8. A. advanced B. crowded C. wandered D. gathered 9. A. delight B. comedy C. favor D. chance 10. A. anxieties B. questions C. fears D. disasters 11. A. disturb B. avoid C. enjoy D. survive 12. A. count on B. escape from C. take up D. respond to 13. A. due to B. reduced to C. up to D. rooted to 14. A. masters B. explorers C. partners D. angels 15. A. target B. throw C. point D. wave 【答案】1-5. B C C A C 6-10. B A D A D 11-15. B D C D B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了暴风雨后人们团结互助，共克时艰，展现了人性中的善良与美好。 【1题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：成千上万的人突然发现自己身处黑暗之中，没有水和电。A. accidentally偶然地；B. suddenly突然地；C. eventually最终；D. gradually逐渐地。根据上文“A storm with strong winds struck late on a Friday evening, knocking down trees, blocking roads, damaging homes, and destroying power lines.”可知，狂风暴雨摧毁了电力，所以成千上万的人突然发现自己身处黑暗之中。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们发现自己与现代世界隔绝，忍受着37℃以上的高温，没有帮助，也不知道何时会结束。A. enjoying享受；B. managing管理；C. bearing忍受；D. carrying携带。根据上文“destroying power lines”和下文“37℃ plus heat with no help and no idea when it would be over”可知，狂风暴雨摧毁了电力，温度很高，只能忍受高温。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，最令人惊奇的事情发生了：暴风雨激发了我们最好的一面。A. Therefore因此；B. Instead相反；C. However然而；D. Besides此外。根据下文“the most amazing thing happened: the storm 　4 　 the best in us. While there were a few selfish acts, they were overwhelmed (淹没) by the wave of love and 　　5　 that came from the hearts of so many.”可知，前后句之间为转折关系，表示尽管情况艰难，但暴风雨激发了人们最好的一面。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. brought out激发，使显现；B. made up组成；C. accounted for解释；D. stuck to坚持。根据下文“the best in us. While there were a few selfish acts, they were overwhelmed (淹没) by the wave of love and 　5　　 that came from the hearts of so many.”可知，暴风雨激发了人们最好的一面，使他们展现出善良和互助的精神。故选A。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然有一些自私的行为，但它们被来自许多人内心的爱和同情的浪潮所淹没。A. silence沉默；B. loss损失；C. sympathy同情；D. luck运气。根据上文“While there were a few selfish acts, they were overwhelmed (淹没) by the wave of love and”和下文“that came from the hearts of so many”、“People shared their food and ice. People who still had power 　6　　 their homes to those who had none”可知，后文描述人们互相帮助，且本空与 love并列，应是积极的情感，sympathy，此处指爱和同情的浪潮淹没了自私的行为。故选C。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：仍然有电的人向没有电的人敞开了家门。A. borrowed借；B. opened打开；C. sold卖；D. adjusted调整。根据上文“People shared their food and ice. People who still had power”和下文“their homes to those who had none”可知，人们互相帮助，有电的人向没有电的人敞开家门。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们冲出去清理道路，修复损坏，恢复电力。A. restore恢复；B. rebuild重建；C. recall回忆；D. reuse再利用。根据上文“destroying power lines”、“People rushed out to clear roads, repair the damage and”和下文“electricity”可知，狂风暴雨摧毁了电力，人们努力恢复电力供应。故选A。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们聚集在前廊上交谈。A. advanced前进；B. crowded拥挤；C. wandered徘徊；D. gathered聚集。根据下文“on front porches (前廊) to talk. Strangers came together as one family to help one another in this time of great need.”可知，人们聚在一起交流。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到所有这些人在如此艰难的情况下表现得如此出色，真是令人高兴。A. delight高兴；B. comedy喜剧；C. favor恩惠；D. chance机会。根据下文“to see all these people acting like this in such a tough situation”可知，看到人们在艰难情况下表现得如此出色，这种情况让人感到非常高兴。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在生活中，灾难不时地袭击我们所有人。A. anxieties焦虑；B. questions问题；C. fears恐惧；D. disasters灾难。根据上文“A storm with strong winds struck late on a Friday evening”、下文“strike all of us from time to time”可知，上文以暴风雨这场灾难为例，此处引申到生活中，指“灾难”不时发生。故选D。 【11题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人能避免它。A. disturb打扰；B. avoid避免；C. enjoy享受；D. survive生存。根据上文“strike all of us from time to time”和下文“We all get challenged.”可知，灾难不时发生，是无法避免的，每个人都可能遇到。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，我们如何应对这些困难取决于我们自己。A. count on依靠；B. escape from逃避；C. take up占据；D. respond to应对。根据下文“these difficulties”、“We can choose to be like monsters of selfishness or 　14　　of kindness.”可知，此处指面对困难的“应对”方式，我们如何应对困难取决于我们自己的选择和态度。故选D。 【13题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。A. due to由于；B. reduced to减少到；C. up to取决于；D. rooted to扎根于。根据上文“We can choose to be like monsters of selfishness or 14 of kindness.”可知，我们可以选择像自私的怪物一样，或者选择像善良的天使一样，我们如何应对困难取决于我们自己。故选C。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以选择像自私的怪物一样，或者选择像善良的天使一样。A. masters主人；B. explorers探险家；C. partners伙伴；D. angels天使。根据上文“We can choose to be like monsters of selfishness or”和下文“of kindness”可知，与自私的怪物相对的是善良的天使，表示我们可以选择善良和互助。故选D。 【15题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论生活向你抛来什么，愿你总是展现出内心和灵魂中最好的一面。A. target目标；B. throw抛；C. point指；D. wave挥动。根据上文“May you always present the best from your heart and soul, no matter what life may”和下文“at you”可知，无论生活向我们抛来什么困难和挑战，我们都应该展现出最好的一面，此处引申为生活带给人各种遭遇。throw at表示“向……抛去”，符合语境。故选B。 四、信息还原（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Improve your attention span May I have your attention, please? I’ll try and be quick, as I probably only have about 47 seconds before your mind starts wandering (走神). That, according to psychologist Dr Gloria Mark, is now our average attention span (注意力持续时间), based on her latest study of people’s use of screens in the workplace. Of course, this figure has its limits. As other psychologists have argued your concentration can vary so much, the very idea of an “average" attention span is almost meaningless. ____1____. Nevertheless, it’s likely your attention span is decreasing. As one recent survey suggests, nearly half the population nowadays feels as if theirs is worse than it was. ___2____. Of course, we can silence our phone notifications (通知) and put on noise-canceling headphones. ___3____. Unknowingly, you’re “interrupting” yourself all day long, according to Mark. Even while reading this, you may have gotten the sudden desire to look something up online, check your emails or do something else. “It’s something we do without realizing,” said Mark. ____4____. Lining up your most mentally taxing tasks with your natural peaks (顶峰) of focus is key to concentration, says Mark. Her research has found that, on average, these high points occur around 10 a.m. in the morning and around 2 — 3 p.m. in the afternoon. ___5____, depending on whether you’re more of a morning person or a night person. “If a person is an early type, their peak focus would be earlier — before 10 a.m.,” explains Mark. “And if they’re a late type, their peak focus will be later.” A. There are differences around these times B. Don’t expect to always be focused and productive C. One solution to this is to pay attention to your body clock D. Because of this, there isn’t even scientific agreement on how to measure focus E. With the ever-present pull of our emails and social media, it’s easy to see why F. However, even when we’ve done all that, there’s still the enemy within to deal with G. While we don’t all have the same attention span, truly paying attention to something is universal 【答案】1. D 2. E 3. F 4. C 5. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现代人注意力时长缩短的现象，分析了外部和内部的原因，并提出根据个人生物钟安排任务以提高专注力的解决方案。 【1题详解】 前文“That, according to psychologist Dr Gloria Mark, is now our average attention span (注意力持续时间), based on her latest study of people’s use of screens in the workplace. Of course, this figure has its limits. As other psychologists have argued your concentration can vary so much, the very idea of an “average" attention span is almost meaningless. (根据心理学家Gloria Mark博士对人们在工作场所使用屏幕的最新研究，这是我们现在的平均注意力持续时间。当然，这个数字也有其局限性。正如其他心理学家所认为的那样，你的注意力可以变化很大，“平均”注意力持续时间的概念几乎是毫无意义的。)”指出平均注意力时长的数据及概念存在局限性，因此D项“Because of this, there isn’t even scientific agreement on how to measure focus (正因如此，科学界甚至对如何测量注意力都未达成一致)”符合语境，指出测量注意力也存在分歧，和前文构成因果关系，其中的this指代前文的争议。故选D。 【2题详解】 前文“Nevertheless, it’s likely your attention span is decreasing. As one recent survey suggests, nearly half the population nowadays feels as if theirs is worse than it was. (然而，很可能你的注意力持续时间正在减少。最近的一项调查显示，如今近一半的人感觉他们的注意力持续时间比以前更糟了。)”指出调查显示近半数人感觉注意力变差，因此E项“With the ever-present pull of our emails and social media, it’s easy to see why (由于电子邮件和社交媒体的持续干扰，这种现象很容易理解)”符合语境，解释注意力变差的原因，承接前文。故选E。 【3题详解】 前文“Of course, we can silence our phone notifications (通知) and put on noise-canceling headphones. (当然，我们可以将手机通知静音，戴上降噪耳机。)”提到关闭通知等外部措施，后文“Unknowingly, you’re “interrupting” yourself all day long, according to Mark. (Mark说，在不知不觉中，你一整天都在“打断”自己。)”提到自我打断的问题，此处需转折指出内部干扰仍存在，因此F项“However, even when we’ve done all that, there’s still the enemy within to deal with (然而，即使做了这些，我们仍需应对内在的敌人)”符合语境，和前文构成转折，引出后文的内部问题。故选F。 【4题详解】 后文“Lining up your most mentally taxing tasks with your natural peaks (顶峰) of focus is key to concentration, says Mark. (Mark说，把最耗费脑力的任务和你最容易集中注意力的时间排在一起是集中注意力的关键。)”建议根据生物钟安排任务，此处需提出关注生物钟的解决办法，因此C项“One solution to this is to pay attention to your body clock (一个解决方法是关注你的生物钟)”符合语境，提出生物钟方案，引出后文。故选C。 【5题详解】 前文“Her research has found that, on average, these high points occur around 10 a.m. in the morning and around 2 — 3 p.m. in the afternoon. (她的研究发现，平均而言，这些高峰出现在上午10点左右和下午2点至3点左右。)”给出平均高峰时间，后文“depending on whether you’re more of a morning person or a night person. “If a person is an early type, their peak focus would be earlier — before 10 a.m.,” explains Mark. “And if they’re a late type, their peak focus will be later.” (这取决于你是早起的人还是晚睡的人。Mark解释说：“如果一个人是早起型的人，他们的注意力会更早——在上午10点之前。如果他们是晚睡型的人，他们的注意力高峰将在晚些时候。”)”具体解释早起型人和晚睡型人的个体差异，此处需补充说明高峰的时间差异，因此A项“There are differences around these times (这些时间存在个体差异)”符合语境，承接前文，后文是对其展开说明。故选A。 五、阅读理解（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） Carl Behnke, a food safety expert at Purdue University, had long been curious about the actual cleanliness of his reusable water bottle. He put paper towels into the bottle and, upon pulling them out, was shocked to see how dirty they turned out to be. This encouraged him to design a study. Behnke and his workmates stopped walkers along a road at Purdue University and asked if they would be happy to lend their water bottles to them as part of their research — to see how clean they were. “One thing that stood out from the project was the number of people who didn’t want to know the results,” recalls Behnke. “Basically, they knew that their cleaning habits were poor, with some even hardly thinking about cleaning their bottles.” Research shows that reusable water bottles can carry millions of bacteria (细菌). A study found that water in bottles used by adults went from about 75,000 bacteria in the morning to over 1-2 million by the end of the day. Pollution often comes from the drinker’s hands, mouth, and the outside of the bottle. Those who don’t wash their hands regularly may bring bacteria into their bottles. Though most bacteria are harmless, they can put some people at risk, especially those with poor health. Besides, drinks that have sugar can feed bacteria, making the situation worse. Although there is a small chance that we get serious illnesses from reusable bottles, it’s still important to keep good hygiene (卫生). To cut down bacterial growth, it’s suggested to clean your water bottle regularly. Behnke’s research showed that people who used brushes or dishwashers had the lowest bacteria counts. People should clean their bottles with hot water and soap, letting the bottle sit under water for about ten minutes before washing. It’s important to let the bottle air-dry to prevent wetness, which encourages bacteria. And proper hand-washing before touching your clean bottle can also help. 1. Why does the writer mention the fact that Carl Behnke put paper towels into the bottle in the first paragraph? A. To introduce the study. B. To give an answer. C. To explain a subject. D. To tell a story. 2. What can we know about the people in the study according to Paragraph 2? A. They actively helped with the study. B. They thought the study was necessary. C. They were confident about the study results. D. They were clear that they didn’t take good care of their bottles. 3. What’s a suggested way to reduce bacterial growth? A. Washing with clean, dry towels. B. Washing hands regularly with soap. C. Using brushes with hot, soapy water. D. Washing for about ten minutes each time. 4. Which of the following will cause the bacteria in reusable bottles to increase? ① Leave sweet drinks in the bottle. ② Touch the bottle with hands or mouth. ③ Form the habit of washing hands regularly. ④ Avoid cleaning the bottle too often. A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①②④ D. ①③④ 5. What’s the purpose of writing this article? A. To introduce a famous food safety expert and his research. B. To warn readers of the bacteria in reusable water bottles and tell how to clean them properly. C. To explain why people should stop using reusable bottles. D. To show different ways of testing the cleanliness of reusable water bottles. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了食品安全专家Carl Behnke对可重复使用水瓶的细菌污染情况的研究，并给出了正确清洁水瓶的建议。 【1题详解】 第一段指出：“He put paper towels into the bottle and, upon pulling them out, was shocked to see how dirty they turned out to be. This encouraged him to design a study.” Carl把纸巾放进水瓶，拿出后发现很脏，这件事鼓励他设计了这个研究，因此这个细节是为了引出后文的研究。 【2题详解】 第二段明确提到“they knew that their cleaning habits were poor, with some even hardly thinking about cleaning their bottles.”，这些人清楚自己没有好好清洁水瓶，因此不想知道检测结果。 【3题详解】 最后一段的“Behnke’s research showed that people who used brushes or dishwashers had the lowest bacteria counts. People should clean their bottles with hot water and soap”表明使用刷子，用热的肥皂水清洗水瓶是减少细菌滋生的建议方法。 【4题详解】 第三段的“Pollution often comes from the drinker’s hands, mouth”与②对应；第四段的“drinks that have sugar can feed bacteria”对应①；最后一段的“To cut down bacterial growth, it’s suggested to clean your water bottle regularly. ”可反向推知不经常清洗瓶子会增加细菌，对应④；而③“勤洗手”会减少细菌。 【5题详解】 文章先指出可重复使用水瓶存在大量细菌，接着说明细菌来源和风险，最后给出正确清洁方法，因此写作目的是提醒读者注意水瓶中的细菌并告知如何正确清洁。 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 The world of literature 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 教材考点概览 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、根据首字母填空（共11小题，每小题1分，共11分） 1. There is a small lamp at his b that helps him read before bed. 2. She is u to finish the work unless you give her a hand. 3. The famous writer's works have been w translated into different languages and loved by readers everywhere. 4. The strong wind broke many b of the old tree that stood in front of our house. 5. After moving to the city, they rented a small a on the fifth floor with a lovely view of the park. 6. It doesn't make s to stay up all night studying if you're too tired to focus the next day. 7. Please find your s in the theatre quickly before the movie starts and the lights go down. 8. A wise leader knows how to respect his e because understanding them is the first step to winning any war. 9. In the story Snow White, the magic m that the queen used always told her who was the most beautiful 10. His early w that tell the stories of common people have moved millions of readers. 11. Late at night, there was a sudden and very loud k at the old wooden door which made us jump. 二、根据汉语提示填空（共9小题，每小题1分，共9分） 1. Jane Eyre is Bronte's (典型的) novel about courage in the face of despair. 2. Put the box (紧靠) the window so that it won't fall onto the floor. 3. Leonardo's Last Supper is widely regarded as a (杰作). 4. Unless we act now, only a few hundred of these amazing animals will (继续存在) on our planet in the future. 5. I will never forget the book (展销会) that we visited last Sunday, where I found many wonderful books. 6. The third (幕) of the play is so moving that almost everyone in the theatre cried. 7. Good friendship can bring us (持久的) happiness that we will treasure all our lives. 8. As soon as the (门铃) rang, my little dog ran towards the gate happily. 9. We took a photo (以…为背景) the blue sky, which looked very beautiful and peaceful. 三、用单词的适当形式填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1. If you take your time to prepare for the exam, you (get) a good grade certainly. 2. Some (person) information like fingerprints can help find out the criminal. 3. This book is (wide) read by teenagers because it is full of positive energy. 4. Only those who never try will be looked on as (fool) in the end. 5. He was (able) to work out the problem though he had tried many times. 6. True friendship can bring us (last) happiness that nothing else can replace. 7. What (make) the book great is that it teaches people to be kind and brave. 8. New York is often (mistake) for the capital city of America. 9. That is the only way I can think of (prove) what I said is true. 10. What makes life (value) than any other thing in the world is that it doesn't last forever. 四、单项选择（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分） 1. Whether to go on to study abroad a problem for her. She hasn't made a decision yet. A. remains B. reminds C. requires D. reduces 2. --- Could you give me some advice on what to read? --- Of course, but it mainly depends on your taste. For me, science fiction is my cup of tea. A. personal B. classical C. unusual D. natural 3. Here’s a notice for this week’s school Book Club activities. From it we can learn . Notice Activities: · a talk on two classical Chinese novels Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions · act out the stories in groups · Time: 1:30 p. m.-3:00 p. m., Thursday · Teacher: Miss Yu Sunshine Book Club A. club members will act out the stories alone B. in which room the club activities will be held C. what the club members will do on Tuesday afternoon D. who will give a talk on the two classical Chinese novels 4. --- Daniel, I want to read the book Journey to the West. But I don’t know . --- You can try Nantong Library. A. how I can get one B. what I should take with me C. when I can borrow one D. if I can take Underground Line 1 5. --- This article says a person who loves red is confident and willing to challenge new things. --- . My cousin likes red best, but he is shy and sometimes a little lazy. A. I can't agree more B. Don't mention it C. That's all right D. That's not the case 6. Which of the following words can be filled in the blank? The difficult things in the world must start from the easy ones, and the great things must be achieved through . --- Taken from Tao Te Ching(道经) A. promises B. results C. details D. moods 7. --- Have you finished your project? --- Not yet. I'll finish it if I ten more minutes. A. am given B. will be given C. give D. will give 8. --- I dream of getting into a good high school. Do you think it will come true? --- Nothing will happen you put all your efforts into it. A. if B. unless C. though D. because 9. Which English saying can best describe the text below? … Then, I made another place for my goats and kept half of them in each field. If one group of goats were discovered, I would still have the other... --- Taken from Robinson Crusoe A. It never rains but it pours. B. Don't put all your eggs in one basket. C. A miss is as good as a mile. D. The grass is always greener on the other side. 10. --- Mum, I’m a little worried about my writing competition next week. --- , my dear. You always shine when you try your best. A. Cheer up B. Well done C. Good idea D. All right 综合攻坚·知能拔高 一、首字母填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） Sometimes, learning about poetry can be boring. 1. H , students at Beijing New Oriental Foreign Language School in Yangzhou had fun studying it. They enjoyed ancient poems, shared their own 2. w , and even created new ones with their foreign language teachers. When preparing for the class, Chinese teacher Liu Xi noticed that students often studied poetry passively. "Instead of 3. e every line myself, I want them to learn from the poems and express themselves," Liu said. In her class, students played a 4. 1 role. They learned about imagery and techniques from ancient poems and then put them into 5. p . After that, many students wrote impressive original poems, such as Recalling Youth and The Moon Said, showing how they see and think about the world. Students' favourite activity was collage(拼贴) poetry. The teacher prepared cards with words and lines from poems. Students used these cards to create new poems on 6. t like the moon or the nation, They also 7. a as "cultural translators", helping their foreign language teachers make their own. This activity encouraged students to 8. r interested throughout the class and study poems more carefully. "Only when we fully understand each character and line can we describe it 9.c to our foreign language teachers," said one student. "When Ken, my group's teacher, 10. p the beauty of jiaguwen and the rhythm of Chinese poetry, I felt so proud of our history and culture." 二、短文填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Playing with toys is an important part of a child’s development. It helps children develop important skills such as ____1___ (creative), problem-solving and even socialization. Here are some of the traditional Chinese toys for kids ____2____ are both fun and educational. Kites have been enjoyed by children in China for ____3____ (century). These simple toys not only provide hours of fun but also offer ____4____ (value) learning opportunities. Children can learn how to adapt their kites for best performance based ____5____ wind speed and direction. Flying kites can also help children develop their coordination and dexterity (协调性和灵活性). The tangram is a type of puzzle (拼图) that ____6____ (be) popular in China since ancient times. The puzzle includes seven pieces that can be arranged ____7____ (form) different shapes and figures. Playing with tangrams can help children not only develop their spatial reasoning and critical ____8____ (think) skills, but also improve their visual perception (视觉感知能力) and creativity. The bamboo-copter, also known as the bamboo dragonfly or Chinese top, dates back to the Jin Dynasty. It’s made of bamboo and features a rotor blade (旋转叶片) that turns when the toy ____9____ (throw) into the air. As the rotor turns, the bamboo-copter takes off and flies like ____10____ tiny helicopter (直升飞机). Playing with the bamboo-copter can help children learn about the relationship between the rotor blade and airflow, and how this creates lift, as well as improving children’s hand-eye coordination. 三、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A storm with strong winds struck late on a Friday evening, knocking down trees, blocking roads, damaging homes, and destroying power lines. Thousands of people ____1____ found themselves in the dark without water or electricity. They found themselves cut off from the modern world, ____2____ 37℃ plus heat with no help and no idea when it would be over. ____3____, the most amazing thing happened: the storm ____4____ the best in us. While there were a few selfish acts, they were overwhelmed (淹没) by the wave of love and ____5____ that came from the hearts of so many. People shared their food and ice. People who still had power ____6____ their homes to those who had none. People rushed out to clear roads, repair the damage and ____7____ electricity. People ____8____ on front porches (前廊) to talk. Strangers came together as one family to help one another in this time of great need. It was a great ____9____ to see all these people acting like this in such a tough situation. In life, ____10____ strike all of us from time to time. No one can ____11____ it. We all get challenged. We all get squeezed by the difficulties. How we ____12____ these difficulties, though, is ____13____ us. We can choose to be like monsters of selfishness or ____14____ of kindness. May you always present the best from your heart and soul, no matter what life may ____15____ at you. 1. A. accidentally B. suddenly C. eventually D. gradually 2 A. enjoying B. managing C. bearing D. carrying 3. A. Therefore B. Instead C. However D. Besides 4. A. brought out B. made up C. accounted for D. stuck to 5. A. silence B. loss C. sympathy D. luck 6. A. borrowed B. opened C. sold D. adjusted 7. A. restore B. rebuild C. recall D. reuse 8. A. advanced B. crowded C. wandered D. gathered 9. A. delight B. comedy C. favor D. chance 10. A. anxieties B. questions C. fears D. disasters 11. A. disturb B. avoid C. enjoy D. survive 12. A. count on B. escape from C. take up D. respond to 13. A. due to B. reduced to C. up to D. rooted to 14. A. masters B. explorers C. partners D. angels 15. A. target B. throw C. point D. wave 四、信息还原（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Improve your attention span May I have your attention, please? I’ll try and be quick, as I probably only have about 47 seconds before your mind starts wandering (走神). That, according to psychologist Dr Gloria Mark, is now our average attention span (注意力持续时间), based on her latest study of people’s use of screens in the workplace. Of course, this figure has its limits. As other psychologists have argued your concentration can vary so much, the very idea of an “average" attention span is almost meaningless. ____1____. Nevertheless, it’s likely your attention span is decreasing. As one recent survey suggests, nearly half the population nowadays feels as if theirs is worse than it was. ___2____. Of course, we can silence our phone notifications (通知) and put on noise-canceling headphones. ___3____. Unknowingly, you’re “interrupting” yourself all day long, according to Mark. Even while reading this, you may have gotten the sudden desire to look something up online, check your emails or do something else. “It’s something we do without realizing,” said Mark. ____4____. Lining up your most mentally taxing tasks with your natural peaks (顶峰) of focus is key to concentration, says Mark. Her research has found that, on average, these high points occur around 10 a.m. in the morning and around 2 — 3 p.m. in the afternoon. ___5____, depending on whether you’re more of a morning person or a night person. “If a person is an early type, their peak focus would be earlier — before 10 a.m.,” explains Mark. “And if they’re a late type, their peak focus will be later.” A. There are differences around these times B. Don’t expect to always be focused and productive C. One solution to this is to pay attention to your body clock D. Because of this, there isn’t even scientific agreement on how to measure focus E. With the ever-present pull of our emails and social media, it’s easy to see why F. However, even when we’ve done all that, there’s still the enemy within to deal with G. While we don’t all have the same attention span, truly paying attention to something is universal 五、阅读理解（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） Carl Behnke, a food safety expert at Purdue University, had long been curious about the actual cleanliness of his reusable water bottle. He put paper towels into the bottle and, upon pulling them out, was shocked to see how dirty they turned out to be. This encouraged him to design a study. Behnke and his workmates stopped walkers along a road at Purdue University and asked if they would be happy to lend their water bottles to them as part of their research — to see how clean they were. “One thing that stood out from the project was the number of people who didn’t want to know the results,” recalls Behnke. “Basically, they knew that their cleaning habits were poor, with some even hardly thinking about cleaning their bottles.” Research shows that reusable water bottles can carry millions of bacteria (细菌). A study found that water in bottles used by adults went from about 75,000 bacteria in the morning to over 1-2 million by the end of the day. Pollution often comes from the drinker’s hands, mouth, and the outside of the bottle. Those who don’t wash their hands regularly may bring bacteria into their bottles. Though most bacteria are harmless, they can put some people at risk, especially those with poor health. Besides, drinks that have sugar can feed bacteria, making the situation worse. Although there is a small chance that we get serious illnesses from reusable bottles, it’s still important to keep good hygiene (卫生). To cut down bacterial growth, it’s suggested to clean your water bottle regularly. Behnke’s research showed that people who used brushes or dishwashers had the lowest bacteria counts. People should clean their bottles with hot water and soap, letting the bottle sit under water for about ten minutes before washing. It’s important to let the bottle air-dry to prevent wetness, which encourages bacteria. And proper hand-washing before touching your clean bottle can also help. 1. Why does the writer mention the fact that Carl Behnke put paper towels into the bottle in the first paragraph? A. To introduce the study. B. To give an answer. C. To explain a subject. D. To tell a story. 2. What can we know about the people in the study according to Paragraph 2? A. They actively helped with the study. B. They thought the study was necessary. C. They were confident about the study results. D. They were clear that they didn’t take good care of their bottles. 3. What’s a suggested way to reduce bacterial growth? A. Washing with clean, dry towels. B. Washing hands regularly with soap. C. Using brushes with hot, soapy water. D. Washing for about ten minutes each time. 4. Which of the following will cause the bacteria in reusable bottles to increase? ① Leave sweet drinks in the bottle. ② Touch the bottle with hands or mouth. ③ Form the habit of washing hands regularly. ④ Avoid cleaning the bottle too often. A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①②④ D. ①③④ 5. What’s the purpose of writing this article? A. To introduce a famous food safety expert and his research. B. To warn readers of the bacteria in reusable water bottles and tell how to clean them properly. C. To explain why people should stop using reusable bottles. D. To show different ways of testing the cleanliness of reusable water bottles. 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $