Unit1-6单元易错知识点解析与配套练习 2026-2027学年外研版英语九年级上册

九年级英语（外研版）上册 单元易错知识点解析与配套练习 Unit 1—Unit 6 易错点—错因分析—正误对比—语法规则—配套练习 九年级英语（外研版）上册　单元易错知识点解析与配套练习 Unit 1　Teenagers today 【单元话题】　当代青少年的成长困惑、自我接纳、压力管理与亲子沟通 【语法项目】　if 引导的条件状语从句；because 引导的原因状语从句 易错知识点解析 易错点 1：条件状语从句中“主将从现”的时间逻辑错位与从句误用 will 【易错点】　在表达将来可能发生的假设条件时，误受汉语“如果明天将要……”的思维定势影响，在 if 引导的条件从句中机械使用一般将来时 will + 动词原形。 【错因分析】　在主从复合句中，从句的时态受主从句逻辑功能制约。条件状语从句是对未来动作发生的前提设定，它在主句动作尚未落实前作为既定的“假设事实”，在英语语法规范中必须使用一般现在时（即以现在时态表示将来时间假定）。学生常把汉语语意中的“将来性”均匀分布在主句和从句两处，忽视了英语时态具有“主句标将来、从句表假定（用现在时）”的非对称分布规则。 【正误对比】 【错例】If it will rain tomorrow, the outdoor speech for Teenagers' Mental Health Day will be canceled.→ 【正例】If it rains tomorrow, the outdoor speech for Teenagers' Mental Health Day will be canceled. 【错例】You will fail to overcome the study anxiety if you will not seek advice from your teachers.→ 【正例】You will fail to overcome the study anxiety if you do not seek advice from your teachers. 【语法规则】　条件状语从句标前提，主将从现莫迟疑；主句将来从现在，will 莫进条件里；be 动词随主语变，三单切记加 -s/-es。 易错点 2：if 引导条件状语从句与宾语从句的时态判定机制混淆 【易错点】　看到 if 便不分青红皂白一律套用“主将从现”，导致在及物动词后的宾语从句中误将表将来的 will 变为一般现在时。 【错因分析】　if 在初中英语语法体系中具备双重身份：①作为从属连词引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”，修饰主句谓语，遵循“主将从现”；②作为从属连词引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，作 know, wonder, ask, tell 等及物动词的宾语，从句时态不受“主将从现”约束，而是由语境的真实发生时间决定（未来动作必用一般将来时）。学生混淆的根源在于未能先从句子成分分析 if 从句是充当状语还是充当动词宾语。 【正误对比】 【错例】The head teacher wonders if the stressed students visit the psychological counseling room next week.→ 【正例】The head teacher wonders if the stressed students will visit the psychological counseling room next week. 【错例】I don't know if he will join the debate club tomorrow, but if he will join, I will help him prepare.→ 【正例】I don't know if he will join the debate club tomorrow, but if he joins, I will help him prepare. 【语法规则】　if 一词有两身，句法功能先分清；动后作宾表“是否”，将来时间 will 紧跟；连带整句表“如果”，主将从现铁规行。 易错点 3：unless 否定内涵与 if...not 互转时的“双重否定”语病 【易错点】　在使用 unless 引导从句时，仍下意识在从句中添加 not，导致出现 Unless you don't keep trying 类的逻辑荒谬表达。 【错因分析】　连词 unless 本身具有强烈的固有否定语义，其核心语义等价于 if...not（意为“除非……否则不；如果不……”）。许多学生习惯了汉语中的“除非……不……”句型，在英文写作中将汉语的否定词直译进从句，造成了双重否定表达肯定、反而彻底颠覆原句意图的恶性语病。改写时必须牢记：unless 从句内部一律用肯定式谓语。 【正误对比】 【错例】Unless teenagers don't learn to manage their emotions, they will feel overwhelmed by peer pressure.→ 【正例】Unless teenagers learn to manage their emotions, they will feel overwhelmed by peer pressure. 【错例】If you don't communicate with your parents honestly, you won't bridge the generation gap.→ 【正例】Unless you communicate with your parents honestly, you won't bridge the generation gap. 【语法规则】　unless 否定意，内含 not 莫再加；从句肯定见真章，换成 if...not 方才化。 易错点 4：because 从属连词与 so 并列连词的母语负迁移连用 【易错点】　在同一个复合句中同时出现 Because 和 so，写成 Because he had great courage, so he conquered the difficulty。 【错因分析】　汉语语法中关联词往往是成对出现的并列结构（如“因为……所以……”、“虽然……但是……”），而现代英语语法遵循严格的“主从单轨逻辑”：because 是从属连词，引导一个原因状语从句依附于主句；so 是并列连词，用于并列连接两个地位平等的独立分句。两者在句法功能上完全互斥，在一个句子里同时使用会导致句子出现两个连接标记而缺失独立主句。 【正误对比】 【错例】Because many teenagers worry too much about what others think, so they lose their own confidence.→ 【正例】Because many teenagers worry too much about what others think, they lose their own confidence. 【错例】Because she was well-prepared for the presentation, so she didn't feel nervous on the stage.→ 【正例】She was well-prepared for the presentation, so she didn't feel nervous on the stage. 【语法规则】　英汉逻辑大不同，因为所以不同行；用了 because 弃了 so，并列从属择一清。 易错点 5：because 与 because of 在句子结构与名词性接续上的句法越界 【易错点】　在接句子时错用 because of（如 Because of he felt sick），或在接名词/动名词短语时误用 because（如 because the heavy rain）。 【错因分析】　混淆了从属连词与复合介词的语法本质。because 是连词，其后必须接包含“主语 + 谓语”的完整句子结构；because of 是复合介词，其后只能接名词、代词、名词性短语或动名词（doing），绝不能接谓语结构完整的独立句子。忽视二者词性归属是导致此类错误的主因。 【正误对比】 【错例】The school sports meeting was put off because of the weather was rainy and windy. → 【正例】The school sports meeting was put off because the weather was rainy and windy. 【错例】The boy couldn't express his creative ideas clearly because his extreme nervousness. → 【正例】The boy couldn't express his creative ideas clearly because of his extreme nervousness. 【语法规则】　because 连词带句子，主谓俱全意完整；because of 介词跟名词，名词动名代词跟。 易错点 6：原因引导词（because / since / as / for）的语义层级与答语排他性 【易错点】　在回答由 why 发起的特殊疑问句时，随意使用 since 或 as 开头；或在需要说明未知直接原因时盲目使用 as。 【错因分析】　英语中表原因的连词存在严格的“信息已知度”与“因果语气强弱”阶梯：① because 语气最强，用于解释听话人未知的直接原因，是唯一能用来直接回答 why 提问的连词；② since（既然，由于）和 as（由于）语气较弱，侧重陈述双方已知的背景常识或显而易见的事实，通常置于句首；③ for 是并列连词，用于对前文进行推断性补充说明，绝不可置于句首。 【正误对比】 【错例】— Why did you choose to volunteer at the local community center? — Since I wanted to gain social experience. → 【正例】— Why did you choose to volunteer at the local community center? — Because I wanted to gain social experience. 【错例】For it was getting late, we decided to stop our group discussion. → 【正例】As / Since it was getting late, we decided to stop our group discussion. 【语法规则】回答 why 提问独尊 because；既然已知用 since/as 放句首；推断补充 for 居中，语气阶梯要明晰。 易错点 7：状语从句主从句位置、逗号标点规范及从句独立断句语病 【易错点】　将从句误当作独立完整句子以句号与主句断开（断句语病 Sentence Fragment）；或在从句后置时机械添加逗号。 【错因分析】　从属连词引导的状语从句属于依赖性结构（dependent clause），在句法上不能独立存在，必须依附于主句构成完整的复合句。当从句置于主句之前时，其后必须用逗号与主句隔开；而当从句置于主句之后时，主从句融为一体，通常无需添加逗号。受汉语随意断句习惯影响，学生极易出现把从句单列成段或乱用逗号的排版与书写硬伤。 【正误对比】 【错例】If you set clear and realistic goals for your new term. You will definitely make continuous progress. → 【正例】If you set clear and realistic goals for your new term, you will definitely make continuous progress. 【错例】Most students can relieve their study pressure, because their parents give them enough emotional support. → 【正例】Most students can relieve their study pressure because their parents give them enough emotional support. 【语法规则】　状语从句不可独立句，依附主句才完整；从句前置逗号分，从句后置无逗痕。 Unit 1　Teenagers today · 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 提示：有括号提示词的用其适当形式填空，无提示词的填入一个适当的词。 1. If every teenager ______ (learn) to accept their imperfections, they will live a much happier life. 2. The school counselor is not sure if the new psychological workshop ______ (help) students relieve their exam stress next Friday. 3. Unless you ______ (take) the initiative to talk with your deskmate, you won't solve this small misunderstanding. 4. Many ninth-graders feel sleepy during the afternoon class because of ______ (stay) up late to finish review papers. 5. As soon as the bell ______ (ring), the students will hand in their self-evaluation forms to the monitor. 6. The young boy failed in the English speech competition yesterday because he ______ (be) extremely nervous on the stage. 7. ______ you have realized the importance of physical exercise, you should make a daily running plan right away. 8. If it ______ (not rain) this Saturday, our youth club will organize an outdoor bicycle trip along the lakeside. 9. You will make rapid progress in your writing skills if you ______ (keep) a daily diary in English. 10. — Why did Li Lei decline the invitation to the concert? — ______ he had promised to help his sister with her physics. 二、按要求改写句子 11. If you don't step out of your comfort zone, you will never discover your hidden talents. (用 unless 改写句子) ______ you ______ out of your comfort zone, you will never discover your hidden talents. 12. He was punished by the coach. The reason was that he arrived late for basketball training. (用 because 合并为一个包含原因状语从句的复合句) He was punished by the coach ______ he ______ late for basketball training. 13. Because the heavy smog covered the city, all outdoor school activities were canceled. (保持原意，用 so 改写为并列句) The heavy smog covered the city, ______ all outdoor school activities ______ canceled. 14. If you join the community volunteer service, you will build up your social responsibility. (用 unless 引导从句改写，保持主从句完整对应) ______ you ______ the community volunteer service, you ______ build up your social responsibility. 15. I wonder: Will our class teacher attend the youth forum tomorrow? (用 if 合并为包含宾语从句的复合句) I wonder ______ our class teacher ______ ______ the youth forum tomorrow. 三、单句改错（每句有一处错误） 16. （诊断改错）If she will be admitted to the key high school next summer, her parents will buy her a new laptop. -> ____________________ 17. （诊断改错）Because teenagers today face many challenges in life, so they need warm guidance from adults. -> ____________________ 18. （诊断改错）The final match was canceled because of the sudden heavy thunderstorm made the court muddy. -> ____________________ 19. （诊断改错）Unless you don't apologize to your best friend sincerely, he will never talk to you again. -> ____________________ 20. （诊断改错）— Why was he absent from the youth leadership meeting? — Since his train was delayed by two hours. -> ____________________ 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Being a teenager in the digital age can be both exciting and challenging. According to a recent survey conducted in 2026, more than seventy percent of ninth-graders report that they often feel stressed 1. ______ they are constantly comparing themselves with peers on social media. If you 2. ______ (be) currently troubled by such feelings, here is some practical advice from education specialists. First, set realistic personal goals instead of chasing others' expectations. If you 3. ______ (focus) only on what others achieve, you will easily lose your own direction. Second, remember that setbacks are an inevitable part of growing up. Unless you 4. ______ (embrace) mistakes as valuable teachers, you will never develop true resilience. When difficulties arise, talk openly with your teachers or parents 5. ______ you feel overwhelmed. They understand your struggle because they 6. ______ (experience) similar moments when they were young. Third, never lose confidence simply 7. ______ of temporary academic failures. In fact, true intelligence grows through persistence. If everyone in our class 8. ______ (make) a small effort to support each other, our learning environment will become far more encouraging. 9. ______ you cannot change the fierce competition around you, you can always change your inner attitude towards it. As soon as you 10. ______ (discover) your unique strengths, you will find your teenage journey shining with confidence and joy. Unit 2　On the money 【单元话题】　青少年金钱观、消费理财意识与理性消费习惯 【语法项目】　时间状语从句；地点状语从句 易错知识点解析 易错点 1：when、while、as 引导时间状语从句时动词延续性与时态呼应失衡 【易错点】　在 while 引导的从句中错用瞬间终止性动词（如 While I opened my wallet），或在描述两个同时进行的延续动作时机械套用 when。 【错因分析】　when、while、as 三个连词对从句动词的“体”（aspect）有严格的选择限制。when 兼容性最强，从句谓语既可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间终止性动词，常表示“在……时刻”；while 强调“在……期间”的时段，其从句谓语必须是延续性动词，且多与进行时态搭配，表示两个动作同步持续；as 侧重“随着”“一边……一边……”的伴随变化。学生若忽略动作的延续性差异，把瞬间动词 open、arrive、finish 等置于 while 之后，便会出现语义与语法的双重违和。 【正误对比】 【错例】While I opened my pocket money record, I suddenly realized that I had wasted too much on snacks. → 【正例】When I opened my pocket money record, I suddenly realized that I had wasted too much on snacks. 【错例】When I was looking for a part-time job, my cousin was saving money for a new bike. → 【正例】While I was looking for a part-time job, my cousin was saving money for a new bike. 【语法规则】　when 兼容瞬时延续，while 只伴延续行；as 随变化同步走，动作性质先辨明。 易错点 2：as soon as 引导时间状语从句的“主将从现”与完成时语义混淆 【易错点】　在 as soon as 从句中直接使用一般将来时 will + 动词原形，忽略了“一……就……”的从句同样遵循主将从现原则。 【错因分析】　as soon as 意为“一……就……”，它所引导的时间状语从句标识一个未来的时间触发点，在语法属性上与 if、when、before、after 一致，属于典型的“主将从现”适用结构：主句用一般将来时，从句必须以一般现在时表将来。若从句也用 will，会因两个将来时标记叠加而导致时态冗余与逻辑混乱。此外，当主句为过去时，从句也需相应地用一般过去时，以保持时态呼应。 【正误对比】 【错例】As soon as I will receive my monthly pocket money, I will put half of it into my savings account. → 【正例】As soon as I receive my monthly pocket money, I will put half of it into my savings account. 【错例】As soon as the shop assistant showed me the bill, I realized I had spent too much on games. → 【正例】As soon as the shop assistant showed me the bill, I realized I had spent too much on games.（原句正确，从句为过去时） 【语法规则】　一就从句表时点，主将从现记心间；主句过去从句随，时态呼应不出偏。 易错点 3：until 与 not...until 中谓语动词延续性与否定结构的错配 【易错点】　将“直到……才”结构中的否定词遗漏或重复，造成 He didn't go to bed until he didn't finish 类双重否定语病，或混淆 until 与 not...until 对主句动词的选择限制。 【错因分析】　until 与 not...until 的核心区别在于主句谓语动词的“延续性”与语义焦点：① 肯定式 until 意为“直到……为止”，主句谓语必须是可持续的延续性动词（如 wait、stay、keep、work），表示该动作一直延续到某时间点；② 否定式 not...until 意为“直到……才”，主句谓语通常是瞬间终止性动词（如 go、leave、start、finish、arrive），表示该动作直到某时刻才发生。学生常因汉语“直到做完作业才睡觉”中“做完”与“才”的双重否定语义，误在从句中加 not，造成逻辑崩塌。 【正误对比】 【错例】My brother didn't buy the new sneakers until he didn't save enough pocket money. → 【正例】My brother didn't buy the new sneakers until he saved enough pocket money. 【错例】He waited for his friend until he didn't arrive at the shopping mall. → 【正例】He waited for his friend until he arrived at the shopping mall. 【语法规则】　延续动词配 until，一直持续到某时；瞬间动词加 not，直到那时才发生；从句肯定莫加否，双重否定必出错。 易错点 4：before、after 引导时间状语从句的时态与动作先后逻辑颠倒 【易错点】　在 before、after 从句中误用一般将来时，或颠倒两个动作发生的时间先后顺序。 【错因分析】　before 与 after 是表达动作先后顺序的核心连词：before 引导的从句动作发生在主句动作之后（“在……之前”），after 引导的从句动作发生在主句动作之前（“在……之后”）。两个连词引导的从句同样受“主将从现”约束。学生易错之处在于：① 从句中直接用 will；② 因汉语语序习惯而把两个动作的先后关系写反，造成逻辑倒置。 【正误对比】 【错例】After I will finish my homework, I will help my mother do the housework. → 【正例】After I finish my homework, I will help my mother do the housework. 【错例】I had already spent all my pocket money after I saw the new comic book. → 【正例】I had already spent all my pocket money before I saw the new comic book. 【语法规则】　before 后事先发生，after 从句先完成；主将从现同遵守，动作先后细分辨。 易错点 5：since 引导时间状语从句的时态错配与“It is + 时间段 + since”句式误用 【易错点】　在 since 引导的时间状语从句中误用现在完成时（如 since I have joined the club），或在“It is/has been + 时间段 + since 从句”句型中把 since 从句也用完成时。 【错因分析】　since 引导的时间状语从句在语义上锚定的是一个“过去的时间起点”，该起点本身必然发生在过去某一时刻，因此从句谓语必须用一般过去时。而主句则用现在完成时，表示动作或状态从该起点一直持续到现在。同理，在“It is / has been + 时间段 + since 从句”句型中，since 从句也必须使用一般过去时，表示“自从……以来已经过了多久”。 【正误对比】 【错例】I have kept a daily spending record since I have entered junior high school. → 【正例】I have kept a daily spending record since I entered junior high school. 【错例】It has been three years since I have started to save my pocket money. → 【正例】It has been three years since I started to save my pocket money. 【语法规则】　since 从句锚过去，一般过去时莫迟疑；主句完成时相连，It is 时间 since 过去式。 易错点 6：where 引导地点状语从句与定语从句的句法功能错位 【易错点】　见到地点名词便盲目使用 where，忽略了 where 前是否存在先行词；或在定语从句中 where 后误加主语，造成成分重复。 【错因分析】　where 在复合句中有两种截然不同的句法身份：① 引导地点状语从句时，where 前没有先行词，它直接修饰主句谓语，表示动作发生的地点（如 Please put your wallet where it is safe）；② 引导定语从句时，where 前必须有表示地点的先行词，且 where 在从句中充当地点状语，可用“介词 + which”替换（如 the bank where I opened my account）。判断的关键不是看句子是否出现地点词，而是看 where 前面有没有名词性先行词。 【正误对比】 【错例】You should keep your pocket money where you can find it easily in your room. → 【正例】You should keep your pocket money where you can find it easily in your room.（原句正确，where 引导地点状语从句） 【错例】The supermarket where we often buy daily necessities there offers a student discount. → 【正例】The supermarket where we often buy daily necessities offers a student discount. 【语法规则】　where 前有先行词，定从引导作状语；where 前无先行词，地点状语直接连；从句成分查完整，重复代词速删减。 易错点 7：wherever 与 where 的语义强度及让步状语从句的引导边界 【易错点】　在表达“无论在哪里”的让步意义时误用 where，或在定语从句中使用 wherever 引导修饰具体地点的从句。 【错因分析】　where 与 wherever 语义强度与句法功能均不相同：① where 表示具体地点，意为“在……的地方”，多引导地点状语从句或定语从句；② wherever 意为“无论在哪里”，相当于 no matter where，具有强烈的让步色彩，用于引导让步状语从句，常置于句首，表示“不论在什么地方”。学生常因汉语“无论在哪里”与“在哪里”的字面相近而混用两者，尤其容易在定语从句位置误用 wherever。 【正误对比】 【错例】Where you go, remember to compare prices before buying anything. → 【正例】Wherever you go, remember to compare prices before buying anything. 【错例】The shop wherever I bought this wallet is having a big sale. → 【正例】The shop where I bought this wallet is having a big sale. 【语法规则】　where 指实地点，wherever 让步强；无论何地首句立，定从切莫用 wherever。 易错点 8：状语从句前置时的逗号规范与从句独立断句语病 【易错点】　将时间或地点状语从句当作独立句子以句号与主句断开，或从句前置后遗漏逗号。 【错因分析】　状语从句在句法上属于从属分句，不具备独立成句的资格，必须与主句共同构成完整的复合句。当时间状语从句置于主句之前时，其后必须用逗号与主句隔开；当从句置于主句之后时，通常不用逗号，主从句融为一体。地点状语从句多置于主句之后，一般不加逗号。受汉语随意断句习惯影响，学生极易出现从句独立成句或逗号滥用的书写硬伤。 【正误对比】 【错例】As soon as I got my monthly allowance. I made a detailed spending plan. → 【正例】As soon as I got my monthly allowance, I made a detailed spending plan. 【错例】You can save money, wherever you shop. → 【正例】You can save money wherever you shop. 【语法规则】　从句不能独立句，依附主句方完整；前置逗号后无痕，地点状语多后行。 Unit 2　On the money · 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 提示：有括号提示词的用其适当形式填空，无提示词的填入一个适当的词。 1. While my mother ______ (make) a shopping list, I was checking the prices of school supplies online. 2. As soon as the winter holiday ______ (begin), I will take a part-time job at the community library. 3. He didn't open his savings account until he ______ (save) enough money for his first bicycle. 4. ______ you have made a clear budget for the month, you should stick to it firmly. 5. I have kept the habit of recording my daily spending since I ______ (enter) junior high school. 6. ______ you go shopping, remember to compare prices before you pay. 7. After she ______ (graduate) from college, she plans to work in a local bank. 8. As the online shopping platform ______ (develop) rapidly, teenagers' spending habits have changed a lot. 9. Please put the receipt back ______ you found it in the drawer. 10. When I ______ (arrive) at the second-hand book market, many students were already bargaining with the sellers. 二、按要求改写句子 11. He finished his monthly budget report. Then he went to the supermarket for shopping. (用 after 合并句子) ______ he ______ his monthly budget report, he went to the supermarket for shopping. 12. I will tell him the good news about the scholarship. He will come back from the bank. (用 as soon as 合并句子) I will tell him the good news about the scholarship ______ ______ ______ he ______ back from the bank. 13. He waited at the bank for nearly an hour. Then the clerk called his number. (用 until 合并句子) He ______ ______ the bank ______ the clerk called his number. 14. He left the shop. He didn't check the change carefully. (用 without 改写，保持句意) He left the shop ______ ______ the change carefully. 15. We should spend our pocket money in the place. The place offers the best value for students. (用 wherever 改写句子) We should spend our pocket money ______ we ______ the best value for students. 三、单句改错（每句有一处错误） 16. （诊断改错）While I opened my new bank account last Monday, the clerk explained the interest rules patiently. -> ____________________ 17. （诊断改错）As soon as the new term will begin, I will make a detailed spending plan. -> ____________________ 18. （诊断改错）My sister has kept a daily spending record since she has entered junior high school. -> ____________________ 19. （诊断改错）He didn't buy the new backpack until he didn't save enough pocket money. -> ____________________ 20. （诊断改错）The shopping mall where we often buy stationery there offers a special discount for students. -> ____________________ 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Learning to manage money wisely is an essential life skill for teenagers. 1. ______ I was in Grade Seven, I used to spend all my pocket money on snacks and small toys. My parents didn't realize how serious the problem was 2. ______ they saw my empty wallet one evening. After they 3. ______ (have) a serious talk with me, I began to reflect on my spending habits. My father advised me to keep a simple record of 4. ______ I spend money. "As soon as you 5. ______ (write) down what you buy, you will understand where your money goes," he said patiently. Since then, I 6. ______ (save) nearly one thousand yuan in my account. While I 7. ______ (check) my spending record last weekend, I found that I had wasted a lot on soft drinks. Now I always think twice 8. ______ I pay for anything. 9. ______ you go shopping, make a shopping list first and stick to it. Besides, my mother promised that she would give me extra money 10. ______ I could save enough for a new bicycle. Money doesn't grow on trees, and every teenager should learn to use it wisely. Unit 3　Past passing by 【单元话题】　时光流逝、家乡变迁、传统文化记忆与代际情感传承 【语法项目】　目的状语从句；结果状语从句 易错知识点解析 易错点 1：so that 与 so...that 的结构混同与成分错位 【易错点】　把 so that 当作 so...that 使用，在 so 与 that 之间插入形容词或副词，写成 He was so tired so that he fell asleep 类的错误结构。 【错因分析】　so that 与 so...that 是两个功能完全不同的结构：① so that 是一个完整的从属连词短语，引导目的状语从句，意为“以便、为了”，其中 so 与 that 之间不可插入任何成分；② so...that 是“so + 形容词/副词 + that 从句”的结果状语结构，so 是副词，修饰其后的形容词或副词，that 引导结果状语从句。学生误将两个结构当作同一用法的变体，随意在其中插入形容词，导致 so that 结构被拆解破坏。 【正误对比】 【错例】He was so tired so that he fell asleep as soon as he lay on the bed. → 【正例】He was so tired that he fell asleep as soon as he lay on the bed. 【错例】My grandmother kept all those old photos so that she could remember her youth. → 【正例】My grandmother kept all those old photos so that she could remember her youth.（原句正确，so that 引导目的状语从句） 【语法规则】　so that 连体不拆分，目的状语表“以便”；so...that 中间嵌形副，结果状语表“以至于”。 易错点 2：so...that 与 such...that 对形容词、副词与名词短语的修饰错配 【易错点】　用 so 直接修饰名词短语（如 so a moving story），或用 such 直接修饰单个形容词（如 such moving）。 【错因分析】　so 与 such 的词性与修饰对象截然不同：① so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词，不能直接修饰名词；② such 是形容词性限定词，只能修饰名词或名词短语（such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词，或 such + 形容词 + 复数名词/不可数名词）。判断依据是 that 之前被强调的成分是“单个形容词/副词”还是“名词短语”，这决定了必须选用 so 还是 such。 【正误对比】 【错例】It was so a moving reunion that all the family members burst into tears. → 【正例】It was such a moving reunion that all the family members burst into tears. 【错例】The old town was such beautiful that thousands of tourists came to visit it every year. → 【正例】The old town was so beautiful that thousands of tourists came to visit it every year. 【语法规则】　so 后紧跟形与副，such 后必接名词组；判断依据看中心，形副用 so 名用 such。 易错点 3：such 与冠词 a/an 的语序倒置 【易错点】　在单数可数名词前把冠词置于 such 之前，写成 a such interesting story 或 an such old town。 【错因分析】　在 such...that 结构中，当被修饰的名词为单数可数名词时，其语序必须是“such + a/an + 形容词 + 名词 + that 从句”，即 such 必须位于不定冠词之前。这与 what、how 引导的感叹句语序规律一致（What a beautiful day! / Such a beautiful day!）。学生受汉语“一个如此……的……”语序影响，习惯性将冠词前置，导致语序错误。 【正误对比】 【错例】It was a such unforgettable experience that I decided to write it down in my diary. → 【正例】It was such an unforgettable experience that I decided to write it down in my diary. 【错例】My hometown has become an such modern city that I can hardly recognize it. → 【正例】My hometown has become such a modern city that I can hardly recognize it. 【语法规则】　such 领衔冠词后，语序固定莫倒置；such a/an 形名词，感叹句里同规律。 易错点 4：so + many/much/few/little + 名词 + that 结构中 such 的误用 【易错点】　在 many、much、few、little 修饰名词的结构中误用 such（如 such many people），忽略了此时必须用 so。 【错因分析】　当名词前有 many、much、few、little 等表示数量多少的限定词修饰时，即使中心词是名词，也仍然必须使用 so 而非 such，构成“so + many/much/few/little + 名词 + that 从句”结构。这是因为这些限定词本身在语义上表示程度或数量，与 so 的副词属性相匹配。特别需要注意的是：little 表示“少”时用 so，而表示“小的”时则须用 such。 【正误对比】 【错例】There were such many old photos in the album that I didn't know which one to choose. → 【正例】There were so many old photos in the album that I didn't know which one to choose. 【错例】He had such little time to prepare for the interview that he felt extremely nervous. → 【正例】He had so little time to prepare for the interview that he felt extremely nervous. 【语法规则】　many/much/few/little 前，so 字当先莫用 such；little 表少用 so 配，little 表小 such 随。 易错点 5：so that 目的状语从句中情态动词的时态呼应缺失 【易错点】　在主句为过去时的 so that 从句中，仍使用 can、may 等现在式情态动词，造成时态错配（如 He left early so that he can catch the train）。 【错因分析】　so that 引导的目的状语从句表示主语想要达到的目的，其从句谓语通常包含情态动词。这些情态动词必须与主句谓语的时态保持严格呼应：主句为现在时（一般现在时、现在完成时等）时，从句用 can、may、will；主句为过去时（一般过去时、过去完成时等）时，从句必须相应地使用 could、might、would，以确保整个复合句在时间轴上的一致性。 【正误对比】 【错例】My father got up early yesterday morning so that he can catch the first bus to his hometown. → 【正例】My father got up early yesterday morning so that he could catch the first bus to his hometown. 【错例】She saves money every month so that she could buy a birthday gift for her grandmother. → 【正例】She saves money every month so that she can buy a birthday gift for her grandmother. 【语法规则】　主句过去从句跟，could/might/would 相应换；主句现在 can/may/will，时态呼应莫错乱。 易错点 6：in order that 与 in order to 的结构混用与主语一致性限制 【易错点】　在 in order that 后接动名词（in order that passing），或在 in order to 后接完整句子（in order to he could pass）；或在主从句主语不一致时强行转换为不定式。 【错因分析】　in order that 是连词短语，其后必须接完整的从句（含主语和谓语）；in order to 是介词短语，其后必须接动词原形，构成不定式短语。二者转换的前提条件是主句与目的状语部分的主语必须保持一致——只有主语相同时，才能将从句简化为不定式短语；若主从句主语不同，则必须保留 that 从句结构，不能转换为不定式。 【正误对比】 【错例】My grandfather worked hard all his life in order that give his children a better future. → 【正例】My grandfather worked hard all his life in order to give his children a better future. 【错例】The teacher spoke loudly in order to all the students could hear her clearly. → 【正例】The teacher spoke loudly in order that all the students could hear her clearly. 【语法规则】　in order that 后跟句，in order to 接原形；主语一致才可换，不同主体从句行。 易错点 7：目的状语从句与结果状语从句的语义焦点与情态标记混判 【易错点】　把表示目的（尚未实现）的 so that 从句误判为结果，或把表示结果（已然发生）的 so...that 从句误判为目的。 【错因分析】　目的状语从句与结果状语从句的核心区别在于语义焦点与情态标记：① 目的状语从句（so that、in order that）表示主语主观上想要达到的目标，该目标尚未实现，因此从句中通常含有 can、could、may、might 等情态动词；② 结果状语从句（so...that、such...that）表示已经客观发生的结果，该结果已成事实，从句中一般不用情态动词，而是直接叙述既成事实。学生需从句中是否含情态动词以及动作是否已实现两个维度进行判断。 【正误对比】 【错例】My father got up so early that he could catch the first bus to his hometown.（此处 could 暗示目的，与结果状语从句语义不符） → 【正例】My father got up early so that he could catch the first bus to his hometown. 【错例】The old town has changed so much so that I could hardly recognize it. → 【正例】The old town has changed so much that I could hardly recognize it. 【语法规则】　目的从句含情态，目标未达待实现；结果从句无模态，既成事实已发生。 Unit 3　Past passing by · 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 提示：有括号提示词的用其适当形式填空，无提示词的填入一个适当的词。 1. It was ______ an unforgettable reunion with my old classmates that I stayed up talking with them until midnight. 2. The old photographs of our village were ______ moving that many of us couldn't hold back our tears. 3. My grandfather spoke slowly ______ that all the young family members could understand our family history. 4. There was ______ little time left before the old house was pulled down that we hurried to take photos. 5. My mother got up early yesterday in order ______ (catch) the first bus back to her hometown. 6. The wooden box was so heavy ______ none of us could lift it by ourselves. 7. We visited the old street again so that we ______ (record) the last traces of our childhood. 8. It has become ______ a modern city that I can hardly recognize my hometown. 9. My grandmother was ______ excited that she couldn't fall asleep on the night before our reunion. 10. We started our journey early in order that we ______ (arrive) before sunset. 二、按要求改写句子 11. The story of my grandfather's youth was very touching. All of us were deeply moved. (用 so...that 合并句子) The story of my grandfather's youth was ______ ______ ______ all of us were deeply moved. 12. It was such a narrow alley that two bicycles could hardly pass at the same time. (用 so 改写句子) The alley was ______ ______ ______ two bicycles could hardly pass at the same time. 13. My father got up early in order to catch the first train back to our hometown. (用 in order that 改写句子) My father got up early ______ ______ ______ he ______ catch the first train back to our hometown. 14. She kept all her old letters so that she could remember her youth. (改为含有 in order to 的句子) She kept all her old letters ______ ______ ______ remember her youth. 15. The square was so crowded that we couldn't find a place to take photos. (用 such 改写句子) It was ______ ______ crowded square ______ we couldn't find a place to take photos. 三、单句改错（每句有一处错误） 16. （诊断改错）It was so an unforgettable childhood memory that I still think of it from time to time. -> ____________________ 17. （诊断改错）There were such many old photos in the album that I didn't know which one to choose. -> ____________________ 18. （诊断改错）My grandfather got up early yesterday so that he can catch the first bus to his hometown. -> ____________________ 19. （诊断改错）The old town has changed such much that I can hardly recognize it now. -> ____________________ 20. （诊断改错）My mother worked hard all her life in order that give us a better life. -> ____________________ 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last summer, my family went back to the small riverside town where my grandparents had lived for over forty years. The town had changed 1. ______ much that I could hardly recognize it. The old stone street was 2. ______ narrow that two bicycles could not pass at the same time when I was a child, but now it has become a wide and clean road lined with modern shops. My grandfather took out an old wooden box 3. ______ that we could see what the town looked like fifty years ago. The black-and-white photos inside were 4. ______ interesting that we looked at them for a whole afternoon without noticing the passing time. "We kept these photos 5. ______ order to remember the days when we were young," my grandmother said softly. She also told us that she had planted a peach tree in the yard 6. ______ that her grandchildren could enjoy its sweet fruit. It was 7. ______ a meaningful trip that I learned a great deal about my family's history. Now I often look at those old photos 8. ______ that I can remind myself of where I come from. Time passes quickly, 9. ______ the memories always stay. Sometimes we need to slow down 10. ______ order to hear the quiet stories of the past. Unit 4　Heroes 【单元话题】　英雄人物、时代楷模的品格力量与责任担当 【语法项目】　who 引导的定语从句 易错知识点解析 易错点 1：关系代词 who 与 which 的先行词指代属性误判 【易错点】　在先行词指人时误用 which，或在先行词指物时误用 who，如 The hero which saved the child 或 The story who moved us。 【错因分析】　选择关系代词的第一判定依据是先行词的指代属性：指人时用 who（或 that），指物时用 which（或 that）。学生出错往往源于两个原因：一是只看句子意义，未先确认先行词的类别；二是把汉语中“那个人/那件事”的模糊表达直接对应成同一个关系词。判断的正确顺序是先定位先行词，明确它指人还是指物，再据此选择关系代词。 【正误对比】 【错例】The young firefighter which rushed into the burning building is a true hero in our city. → 【正例】The young firefighter who rushed into the burning building is a true hero in our city. 【错例】The story who moved millions of people is about an ordinary delivery rider. → 【正例】The story which moved millions of people is about an ordinary delivery rider. 【语法规则】　先行词人用 who，先行词物用 which；指代属性先判明，关系代词方选定。 易错点 2：关系代词在从句中作主语与作宾语的省略权限混淆 【易错点】　把充当从句主语的关系代词随意省略，造成从句缺失主语（如 The doctor treated the patients worked day and night）；或把作宾语的关系代词保留后又重复添加代词。 【错因分析】　关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时，是支撑从句主谓结构的必要成分，绝对不能省略；只有当关系代词在从句中充当动词或介词的宾语时，才可以省略。判断方法是把先行词代入从句，检查从句缺主语还是缺宾语。若缺主语，关系代词必须保留；若缺宾语，则可以省略。 【正误对比】 【错例】The volunteer rescued three children from the flood is a college student from Wuhan. → 【正例】The volunteer who rescued three children from the flood is a college student from Wuhan. 【错例】The scientist who we admire him most has devoted his whole life to research. → 【正例】The scientist (who / whom) we admire most has devoted his whole life to research. 【语法规则】　作主语时不省略，从句骨架靠它撑；作宾语时可省略，成分重复必删净。 易错点 3：定语从句谓语动词的数与先行词一致性错位 【易错点】　把从句谓语动词的数与主句主语保持一致，而忽略了从句谓语应与先行词保持一致（如 The volunteers who helps the old man）。 【错因分析】　关系代词本身没有单复数形态，其数与性完全继承先行词。当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数必须严格与先行词保持一致，与主句主语的数无关。特别需要警惕两种结构：① one of + 复数名词 + who/that + 复数谓语；② the only one of + 复数名词 + who/that + 单数谓语。 【正误对比】 【错例】The volunteers who helps the elderly in the community every weekend are from our school. → 【正例】The volunteers who help the elderly in the community every weekend are from our school. 【错例】She is the only one of the girls who have won the national bravery award. → 【正例】She is the only one of the girls who has won the national bravery award. 【语法规则】　从句谓语看先行，主句主语莫干扰；one of 后接复数谓，the only one of 用单数。 易错点 4：who、whom、whose 的句法功能混用 【易错点】　把表示所属关系的 whose 误写为 who 或 who's（如 the hero who courage is admired），或在该用 whom 的宾语位置误用 who。 【错因分析】　三个关系代词在从句中承担的句法功能截然不同：① who 在从句中作主语，指代先行词并执行动作；② whom 在从句中作宾语，是动作的承受者，可省略；③ whose 是关系所有格代词，意为“……的”，在从句中作定语，其后必须紧跟名词构成名词短语。学生常因 who 与 whose 读音相近、who's 与 whose 拼写相近而产生混淆。 【正误对比】 【错例】The hero who courage inspired the whole nation is a young pilot. → 【正例】The hero whose courage inspired the whole nation is a young pilot. 【错例】The doctor who's timely treatment saved the patient's life works in a county hospital. → 【正例】The doctor whose timely treatment saved the patient's life works in a county hospital. 【语法规则】　作主语用 who，作宾语用 whom，表所属用 whose；whose 后必接名词，who's 是 who is 缩写。 易错点 5：定语从句中成分重复——关系代词与指代先行词的代词双重占位 【易错点】　关系代词已在从句中充当宾语，却在从句谓语后再次出现指代先行词的人称代词（如 The scientist who we admire him most）。 【错因分析】　关系代词在引导定语从句的同时，已经代替先行词在从句中充当了主语或宾语成分。若在从句中再次出现指代同一先行词的人称代词，就会造成同一句法位置被两次填充的成分重复错误。这属于汉语“我很敬佩他”这一完整表达在英语从句中的负迁移现象。 【正误对比】 【错例】The young man who I talked to him at the station is a blood donor. → 【正例】The young man who I talked to at the station is a blood donor. 【错例】The nurse whom we all respect her looks after the patients carefully. → 【正例】The nurse whom we all respect looks after the patients carefully. 【语法规则】　关系代词进从句，已代先行占成分；人称代词莫再现，重复占位必删净。 易错点 6：介词提前时关系代词的选用限制与省略权限 【易错点】　在介词后误用 who 或 that（如 the scientist of who we are proud），或误将提前的介词连同关系代词一起省略。 【错因分析】　当定语从句中的介词从从句末提前至关系代词之前时，关系代词的选择受到严格限制：指物时只能用 which，指人时只能用 whom，此时绝对不能用 who 或 that，且关系代词不能省略。若介词留在句末，则关系代词可用 who/whom/that，并且可以省略。 【正误对比】 【错例】The scientist of who we are all proud has won a national science award. → 【正例】The scientist of whom we are all proud has won a national science award. 【错例】The volunteer with who I worked during the flood rescue is from our community. → 【正例】The volunteer with whom I worked during the flood rescue is from our community. 【语法规则】　介词提前有规矩，指物 which 指人 whom；that/who 不立介后，代词此刻不可省。 Unit 4　Heroes · 配套练习 一、用适当的关系代词填空 1. The astronaut ______ carried out the spacewalk is only thirty-four years old. 2. This is the rescue worker ______ story has moved millions of people across the country. 3. The volunteers ______ helped clean the riverside last weekend came from three different schools. 4. The young doctor ______ we interviewed yesterday works in a village clinic in the mountains. 5. She is exactly the kind of person ______ never gives up in the face of difficulty. 6. The coach ______ trained the girls' football team is a former national player. 7. The soldier ______ we are all proud of has been awarded a national medal. 8. Anyone ______ wants to join the volunteer team can sign up online before Friday. 9. The engineer ______ designed this cross-sea bridge spent five years on the project. 10. The lady ______ handbag was lost on the bus finally found it at the police station. 二、按要求改写句子 11. The firefighter saved a little girl from the burning building. He is from our city. (用 who 合并句子) The firefighter ______ ______ a little girl from the burning building is from our city. 12. I met a hero at the railway station. His story encouraged me a lot. (用 whose 合并句子) I met a hero at the railway station ______ ______ encouraged me a lot. 13. The nurse looks after the elderly patients carefully. We all respect her. (用 whom 合并句子) The nurse ______ we all ______ looks after the elderly patients carefully. 14. The teacher helped me a lot with my study. I will never forget him. (用定语从句改写句子) I will never forget the teacher ______ ______ me a lot with my study. 15. The young man is a volunteer. He is helping the old man cross the busy road. (用 who 合并句子) The young man ______ ______ ______ the old man cross the busy road is a volunteer. 三、单句改错（每句有一处错误） 16. （诊断改错）The hero which saved three people from the flood is a college student from Wuhan. -> ____________________ 17. （诊断改错）The volunteers who helps the community every Sunday are very warm-hearted. -> ____________________ 18. （诊断改错）The scientist who we admire him most has devoted his whole life to research. -> ____________________ 19. （诊断改错）The girl who father is a doctor wants to study medicine in the future. -> ____________________ 20. （诊断改错）The person who I talked to him just now is a regular blood donor. -> ____________________ 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Who is a true hero? Different people may give different answers. A hero is someone 1. ______ is ready to help others even in dangerous situations. Last month, a short video 2. ______ was shared online touched millions of people. In the video, a delivery rider 3. ______ noticed an old man lying on the road stopped his motorbike at once. He called the hospital and stayed with the old man until the ambulance arrived. The rider, 4. ______ name is Li Wei, said he had simply done what anyone should do. Doctors 5. ______ treated the old man said the timely help had saved his life. People 6. ______ watched the video left thousands of warm messages. One of them said, "The heroes 7. ______ we admire most are not always famous. They are ordinary people 8. ______ choose to act." Li Wei is a person 9. ______ we can all learn from. He reminds us that kindness is a quality 10. ______ everyone can develop. Unit 5　A fine balance 【单元话题】　生活平衡、身心和谐、人与自然共生与可持续发展 【语法项目】　that、which 引导的定语从句 易错知识点解析 易错点 1：that 与 which 指物时的选用边界与“只用 that”的七种特例 【易错点】　先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时仍用 which（如 the most serious problem which we face），或先行词为不定代词时误用 which。 【错因分析】　that 与 which 指代“物”时可通用，但在七种特殊语境下必须严格使用 that：① 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时；② 先行词被 all、any、no、every、little、few、much、only、very 等限定词修饰时；③ 先行词本身是不定代词（everything、anything、nothing、all、little、none 等）时；④ 先行词既包含人又包含物时；⑤ 主句以 who 或 which 开头的疑问句中，为避免重复时；⑥ 先行词在从句中作表语时；⑦ there be 句型中先行词指物时。学生若只记住“指物用 which”这一条，便会在这七种情形下出错。 【正误对比】 【错例】This is the most serious environmental problem which we are facing today. → 【正例】This is the most serious environmental problem that we are facing today. 【错例】Everything which we do in daily life can make a difference to the earth. → 【正例】Everything that we do in daily life can make a difference to the earth. 【语法规则】　最高序数不定代，all/little/much 先行该；人与物合一处站，who/which 发问 that 换。 易错点 2：关系代词作主语与作宾语时的省略权限混淆 【易错点】　将作从句主语的关系代词省略，造成从句缺主语（如 The balance keeps nature healthy is hard to keep）。 【错因分析】　关系代词在定语从句中作主语时是支撑从句骨架的必要成分，绝对不可省略；只有当它在从句中充当动词或介词的宾语时才可以省略。判断方法是把先行词代入从句，检查从句是否缺少主语或宾语。若缺主语则关系代词必须保留；若缺宾语则可省略。 【正误对比】 【错例】The habit keeps us healthy both physically and mentally is worth developing. → 【正例】The habit that keeps us healthy both physically and mentally is worth developing. 【错例】The balance which we need to keep in our daily life is hard to achieve. → 【正例】The balance (which / that) we need to keep in our daily life is hard to achieve.（作宾语，可省略） 【语法规则】　代词作主不可省，从句脊梁骨架挺；代词作宾任你省，句子流畅意更清。 易错点 3：定语从句谓语动词的数与先行词一致性错位 【易错点】　把从句谓语动词的数误与主句主语保持一致（如 The habits that helps us stay healthy are easy to form）。 【错因分析】　关系代词本身没有单复数形态，其数与性完全继承先行词。从句谓语动词的单复数必须严格与先行词保持一致，与主句主语的数无关。特别需要警惕 one of + 复数名词 + that/who + 复数谓语，以及 the only one of + 复数名词 + that/who + 单数谓语两种结构。 【正误对比】 【错例】The habits that helps us stay healthy are not difficult to form. → 【正例】The habits that help us stay healthy are not difficult to form. 【错例】He is one of the students who keeps a good balance between study and rest. → 【正例】He is one of the students who keep a good balance between study and rest. 【语法规则】　从句谓语看先行，主句主语莫干扰；one of 后接复数谓，the only one of 用单数。 易错点 4：介词提前至关系代词前时的选用限制与成分重复 【易错点】　介词留在句末时从句中保留了指代先行词的代词（如 the problem which we are talking about it），或介词提前时误用 that（如 about that we are talking）。 【错因分析】　介词在定语从句中有两种位置：① 介词留在句末时，关系代词可用 which 或 that，并可省略，但此时从句中绝不能出现指代先行词的代词；② 介词提前时，关系代词只能用 which（指物）或 whom（指人），绝不可用 that 或 who，且不能省略。学生常见的双重错误是既保留句末介词又重复添加代词，或介词提前后仍用 that。 【正误对比】 【错例】The environmental problem which we are talking about it is becoming more and more serious. → 【正例】The environmental problem which we are talking about is becoming more and more serious. 【错例】The balanced lifestyle about that we talked yesterday is worth learning from. → 【正例】The balanced lifestyle about which we talked yesterday is worth learning from. 【语法规则】　介词后置用 which/that，句末代词莫保留；介词提前只能 which，that/who 不立介后。 易错点 5：定语从句与状语从句的句法身份混淆 【易错点】　把 where 引导的地点状语从句误判为定语从句，或在没有先行词的情况下使用 where 引导定语从句。 【错因分析】　判断定语从句与状语从句的关键在于引导词前是否存在先行词：定语从句的先行词是表示地点或时间的名词，where/when 在从句中作状语，可用“介词 + which”替换；状语从句没有先行词，where/when 直接修饰主句谓语。学生常因句子中出现地点名词或时间名词，就盲目判定为定语从句。 【正误对比】 【错例】We should plant more trees in the place where the soil is poor there. → 【正例】We should plant more trees where the soil is poor.（地点状语从句） 【错例】This is the wetland where we visited last summer. → 【正例】This is the wetland which / that we visited last summer.（visit 缺宾语，用关系代词） 【语法规则】　状语代词莫单看先行，从句成分定前程；缺主缺宾用 that/which，完整缺状才用 where/when。 易错点 6：定语从句与宾语从句的功能判定混淆 【易错点】　把 that 引导的两种从句混为一谈，在定语从句中把 that 当作不作成分的连接词而随意省略。 【错因分析】　定语从句与宾语从句虽然都可用 that 引导，但 that 的功能截然不同：定语从句中 that 前必须有先行词，that 在从句中充当主语或宾语，具有实际句法功能；宾语从句中 that 前是及物动词或形容词，that 只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，通常可省略。判断依据是 that 前面是名词还是动词。 【正误对比】 【错例】The energy that we use every day comes from nature.（原句正确，that 作 use 的宾语） → 【正例】The energy that we use every day comes from nature. 【错例】I believe the balance between work and rest is important that we should keep. → 【正例】I believe that we should keep a balance between work and rest. 【语法规则】　前有名词定从跟，that 作成分不可省；前有动词宾从连，that 无成分常隐身。 易错点 7：which 引导非限制性定语从句的标点与指代范围误区 【易错点】　在非限制性定语从句中误用 that，或遗漏逗号，或将 which 的指代对象误判为某个单词而非整个主句。 【错因分析】　非限制性定语从句与主句之间必须用逗号隔开，起补充说明作用，不能用 that 引导，只能用 which（指物）或 who（指人）。特别需要注意的是，非限制性定语从句中的 which 可以指代前面整个主句的内容，此时从句谓语动词用单数形式。学生常因忽略标点或误判指代对象而出现错误。 【正误对比】 【错例】People cut down too many trees that has broken the balance of nature. → 【正例】People cut down too many trees, which has broken the balance of nature. 【错例】He often stays up late, that does great harm to his health. → 【正例】He often stays up late, which does great harm to his health. 【语法规则】　非限从句逗号隔，that 退场 which 上；which 可代整主句，从句谓语用单数。 易错点 8：whose 指物时的用法与“of which”结构的转换 【易错点】　误以为 whose 只能指人，在指物时不敢使用，或把 whose 与 of which 的转换关系搞混。 【错因分析】　whose 是关系所有格代词，意为“……的”，其后必须紧跟名词构成名词短语，在从句中作定语。whose 既可指人（the scientist whose research...），也可指物（the river whose water...）。指物时，whose + 名词 可转换为 the + 名词 + of which 结构，两者语义相同但语序不同。学生常因对 whose 的指代范围认识不足而回避使用，导致表达不地道。 【正误对比】 【错例】This is a wetland which water has been seriously polluted. → 【正例】This is a wetland whose water has been seriously polluted. 【错例】The forest which the trees were cut down last year is now being restored. → 【正例】The forest whose trees were cut down last year is now being restored. 【语法规则】　whose 后接名词作定语，指人指物皆可行；指物可换 of which，the + 名词 + of which 同义。 Unit 5　A fine balance · 配套练习 一、用适当的关系代词填空 1. Keeping a balance between study and rest is a habit ______ benefits us for a lifetime. 2. This is the most important lesson ______ we have learned from nature. 3. The river ______ flows through our city was once seriously polluted. 4. All the waste ______ we produce every day should be sorted properly. 5. The bike ______ I ride to school every day is made of recycled materials. 6. Everything ______ we do in daily life can make a difference to the environment. 7. The scientists ______ study the wetland ecosystem work in the nature reserve. 8. This is the second report ______ our group has finished this term. 9. The forest ______ we visited last summer is home to many rare birds. 10. She is the only student ______ has joined the wildlife protection club. 二、按要求改写句子 11. People cut down too many trees. This has broken the balance of nature. (用 which 合并句子) People cut down too many trees, ______ ______ broken the balance of nature. 12. This is the best way. We can protect the wetland in this way. (用 that 合并句子) This is the best way ______ ______ ______ protect the wetland. 13. The problem is serious. We are talking about it. (用“介词 + which”合并句子) The problem ______ ______ we are talking is serious. 14. The park is a good place. We often relax there after school. (用 where 合并句子) The park ______ we often ______ after school is a good place. 15. A balanced diet is very important for our health. (用定语从句改写句子，修饰 a balanced diet) A balanced diet is a diet ______ ______ good for our health. 三、单句改错（每句有一处错误） 16. （诊断改错）This is the most serious environmental problem which we are facing today. -> ____________________ 17. （诊断改错）Everything which we do in daily life should follow the rules of nature. -> ____________________ 18. （诊断改错）The energy that we use every day come from the sun and the wind. -> ____________________ 19. （诊断改错）The book which I borrowed it from the library is about ecology. -> ____________________ 20. （诊断改错）He is one of the students who keeps a healthy lifestyle every day. -> ____________________ 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A fine balance exists everywhere in our daily life. The balance 1. ______ we need most is the one between work and rest. Students 2. ______ study all day without a break often feel exhausted and lose their efficiency. That is the reason 3. ______ doctors suggest taking regular exercise. In recent years, a healthy lifestyle 4. ______ includes enough sleep and a balanced diet has become increasingly popular among teenagers. Everything 5. ______ we eat has a direct effect on our body. The food 6. ______ is rich in sugar may bring us energy quickly, but it can also make us feel tired soon. This is the most important lesson 7. ______ I have learned from my biology teacher. She is one of the teachers 8. ______ care about our health most. Besides, the balance between humans and nature is equally important. The forests 9. ______ we protect today will benefit our children tomorrow. We should always remember that the earth is the only home 10. ______ we have. Unit 6　Live green 【单元话题】　绿色生活方式、低碳环保行动与可持续发展责任 【语法项目】　构词法：合成法、派生法、转化法 易错知识点解析 易错点 1：否定前缀 un-、im-、in-、dis- 的选用规则与拼写错位 【易错点】　把 unhappy 写成 inhappy，把 impossible 写成 unpossible，把 disagree 写成 unagree，混淆了各否定前缀的适用条件。 【错因分析】　英语否定前缀的选择受词源与语音同化的双重制约：① un- 是最常用的否定前缀，可加在形容词、副词、动词前；② im- 是 in- 在 p、b、m 前的语音同化变体，只加在以这三个字母开头的形容词前；③ in- 加在部分形容词前；④ dis- 表示“否定、相反”，多与动词、名词连用。学生常因只记住 un- 一个前缀而忽视其他变体，或未掌握“p、b、m 前用 im-”这条规律。 【正误对比】 【错例】It is unpossible for us to solve the plastic pollution problem within a single day. → 【正例】It is impossible for us to solve the plastic pollution problem within a single day. 【错例】Wasting water is infair to people living in dry areas. → 【正例】Wasting water is unfair to people living in dry areas. 【语法规则】　un- 通用最频繁，im- 唯配 p/b/m；in- 常见形副词，dis- 多接动名词。 易错点 2：常见前缀 re-、en-、over-、inter-、pre- 的语义理解偏差 【易错点】　只记住前缀的拼写形式，无法准确说出其含义，遇到派生词时无法推测词义，导致阅读理解偏差。 【错因分析】　前缀是改变词义的重要构词手段，掌握常见前缀的语义有助于推测生词含义。re- 表示“再、重新”；en- 表示“使……”；over- 表示“过度、超过”；inter- 表示“在……之间、相互”；pre- 表示“预先、在……之前”。前缀主要改变词义，一般不改变词性。学生若只机械记忆单词拼写而不理解前缀语义，便无法建立词汇网络。 【正误对比】 【错例】We should reuse and recycle materials so as to reduce waste.（原句正确，re- 表示“再、重新”） → 【正例】We should reuse and recycle materials so as to reduce waste. 【错例】The overuse of plastic bags has caused the serious white pollution.（原句正确，over- 表示“过度”） → 【正例】The overuse of plastic bags has caused the serious white pollution. 【语法规则】　re- 再来一次，en- 使动生效；over- 过分超限，inter- 相互之间；pre- 预先提前，前缀改义不变性。 易错点 3：后缀 -ful 与 -less 的反义关系与构词错误 【易错点】　把 useless 写成 usefulless，或混淆 helpful 与 helpless 的词义，导致语义完全相反。 【错因分析】　-ful 与 -less 是一对互为反义的形容词后缀：-ful 表示“充满……的、有……性质的”，加在名词后构成形容词；-less 表示“没有……的、无……”，同样加在名词后构成形容词。二者加在同一个名词后构成的形容词意思正好相反，如 careful（仔细的）与 careless（粗心的）、helpful（有帮助的）与 helpless（无助的）。学生常因不熟悉这对后缀的反义关系而误用。 【正误对比】 【错例】Using plastic bags is usefulless and harmful to the environment. → 【正例】Using plastic bags is useless and harmful to the environment. 【错例】He is a care person who always sorts the rubbish carefully. → 【正例】He is a careful person who always sorts the rubbish carefully. 【语法规则】　-ful 满含褒义在，-less 全无贬义来；同根加缀义相反，careful/careless 记得牢。 易错点 4：形容词变副词时 -ly 的拼写变化规律遗漏 【易错点】　把 easy 的副词写成 easyly，把 true 的副词写成 truely，把 possible 的副词写成 possiblely。 【错因分析】　形容词变副词虽以加 -ly 为基本规则，但存在多种拼写变化：① 多数形容词直接加 -ly；② 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾时，变 y 为 i 再加 -ly；③ 少数以 e 结尾的词去 e 再加 -ly（如 true—truly）；④ 以 -le 结尾时去 e 加 -y（如 possible—possibly）；⑤ friendly、lovely、lonely 等本身以 -ly 结尾的词却是形容词，不能直接作状语。学生常因只记住第一条规则而出现拼写错误。 【正误对比】 【错例】We can easyly reduce waste by bringing our own shopping bags. → 【正例】We can easily reduce waste by bringing our own shopping bags. 【错例】The young volunteers truly care about the environment and work very hardly. → 【正例】The young volunteers truly care about the environment and work very hard. 【语法规则】　辅音加 y 变 i，-le 去 e 加 y；true 去 e 加 -ly，friendly 是形容词。 易错点 5：常见名词后缀 -tion、-ment、-ness、-ity 的选用依据 【易错点】　把 pollute 的名词写成 pollute，把 develop 的名词写成 developness，或把 happy 的名词写成 happiment。 【错因分析】　名词后缀的选择与原词的词性密切相关：① 动词多接 -tion、-sion、-ment 构成抽象名词（pollute—pollution、decide—decision、develop—development）；② 形容词多接 -ness、-ity（happy—happiness、active—activity）；③ -er、-or 表示执行动作的人或物（invent—inventor、drive—driver）。学生若只记住某一个后缀而不依据原词词性进行判断，便容易出现搭配错误。 【正误对比】 【错例】Air pollute has become one of the most serious problems in many big cities. → 【正例】Air pollution has become one of the most serious problems in many big cities. 【错例】The developness of new energy has greatly changed our daily life. → 【正例】The development of new energy has greatly changed our daily life. 【语法规则】　动词加 -tion/-ment，形容词接 -ness/-ity；-er/-or 指人或物，原词词性定后缀。 易错点 6：合成法构成的新词书写形式与词义理解偏差 【易错点】　把合成词拆开书写（如把 greenhouse 写成 green house），或按字面意思理解合成词的词义。 【错因分析】　合成法由两个或两个以上的词组合成一个新词，通常写成一个词。合成词的构成方式包括：名词 + 名词、形容词 + 名词、副词/介词 + 名词、名词 + 动词、动词 + 副词等。特别需要注意的是，合成词的词义往往不是两个词义的简单相加，如 greenhouse 意为“温室”而非“绿色的房子”，blackboard 意为“黑板”而非“黑色的木板”。学生常因拆分书写或字面直译而出现错误。 【正误对比】 【错例】The wild life in this area is well protected by the local government. → 【正例】The wildlife in this area is well protected by the local government. 【错例】We should turn off the lights before we leave the class room. → 【正例】We should turn off the lights before we leave the classroom. 【语法规则】　合成词义非叠加，书写通常合一体；greenhouse 是温室，blackboard 是黑板。 易错点 7：转化法（词性转换）导致句子成分分析失误 【易错点】　不了解同一单词可以兼作不同词性，导致句子成分分析错误，如把 The room is clean 中的 clean 误判为动词。 【错因分析】　转化法指词形不变而词性发生改变，是英语构词法的重要方式：① 名词转化为动词（water 水→浇水、plant 植物→种植）；② 动词转化为名词（waste 浪费→废物）；③ 形容词转化为动词（clean 干净的→打扫）；④ 形容词转化为名词（green 绿色的→环保）。判断词性必须结合单词在句中的位置与功能：作主语或宾语时为名词，作谓语时为动词，作定语或表语时为形容词。 【正误对比】 【错例】We should water the plants every day.（原句正确，water 在此为动词，意为“浇水”） → 【正例】We should water the plants every day. 【错例】The government has taken action to green the city, and the green makes it more beautiful. → 【正例】The government has taken action to green the city, and the greenery makes it more beautiful. 【语法规则】　词形不变性可移，句法位置定身份；主宾名谓动定表形，转化判断看功能。 Unit 6　Live green · 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. It is ______ (possible) for us to solve the plastic pollution problem within a single day. 2. Wasting water is ______ (fair) to people living in the dry areas of our country. 3. The ______ (use) plastic bags have caused serious white pollution in our city. 4. We should take ______ (care) of the environment instead of being ______ (care) about it. 5. Please read the instructions ______ (careful) before you use the new recycling machine. 6. The ______ (develop) of new energy has greatly changed our daily life. 7. Air ______ (pollute) is a problem that many big cities are facing right now. 8. We can ______ (recycle) paper and glass to reduce the amount of waste. 9. Her ______ (kind) to the stray animals moved everyone present. 10. The ______ (invent) of the solar car has attracted wide attention around the world. 二、按要求改写句子 11. It is not possible for us to live without water. (用 impossible 改写句子) It is ______ for us to live without water. 12. He did the experiment with great care. (用副词改写句子，保持句意) He did the experiment ______. 13. The government has improved the environment of the city. (用名词 improvement 改写句子) The government has made a great ______ ______ the environment of the city. 14. People produce too much waste every day. (改为以 waste 作主语的被动句) Too much waste ______ ______ every day. 15. We should use paper bags instead of plastic ones. (用 reuse 改写句子，保持句意) We should ______ paper bags ______ using plastic ones. 三、单句改错（每句有一处错误） 16. （诊断改错）It is unpossible for us to finish the environmental project within two days. -> ____________________ 17. （诊断改错）She is very friendlily to every visitor who comes to the recycling center. -> ____________________ 18. （诊断改错）Air pollute has become a serious problem in many big cities across the country. -> ____________________ 19. （诊断改错）He answered the question easyly and correctly in the environmental knowledge contest. -> ____________________ 20. （诊断改错）We should take action to protect the wild life in this nature reserve. -> ____________________ 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Living green is not as difficult as many people think. It is 1. ______ (possible) for everyone to make a difference. Small changes in daily life can bring big 2. ______ (improve). For example, using a cloth bag instead of plastic bags is a 3. ______ (help) habit. Turning off the lights when you leave a room is a simple but 4. ______ (use) action. Besides, sorting waste 5. ______ (care) helps recycle more materials. In many cities, the 6. ______ (pollute) of rivers has been brought under control in recent years. New 7. ______ (invent) such as electric buses have made our air much cleaner. However, some people are still 8. ______ (aware) of the importance of protecting the environment. They think one person's action is 9. ______ (use). This idea is 10. ______ (correct). If everyone takes action, our earth will be greener and greener. 参考答案与解析 Unit 1　Teenagers today 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. learns　2. will help　3. take　4. staying　5. rings　6. was　7. Since　8. doesn't rain　9. keep　10. Because 【解析】　 1. if 引导条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”，主语 every teenager 为第三人称单数，动词加 -s。 2. if 引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，根据时间状语 next Friday 可知动作发生在将来，用一般将来时 will help。 3. unless 引导条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”，主语 you 用动词原形。 4. because of 为复合介词，后接动名词形式 staying。 5. as soon as 引导时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”，主语 the bell 为单数，动词加 -s。 6. because 从句叙述过去发生的事实，结合主句 failed 可知用一般过去时 was。 7. 引导原因状语从句表示显而易见的事实，置于句首首字母大写，用 Since。 8. if 条件状语从句主将从现，主语 it 的否定句借助 doesn't，动词还原为 rain。 9. if 条件从句主将从现，主语 you 用动词原形 keep。 10. 直接回答 why 引起的特殊疑问句，只能用连词 Because，置于句首大写。 二、按要求改写句子 11. Unless; step　12. because; arrived　13. so; were　14. Unless; join; won't　15. if / whether; will attend 【解析】　 11. unless 相当于 if...not，从句由否定式 don't step 改为肯定式 step。 12. because 引导原因状语从句，根据主句 was punished 可知从句用一般过去时 arrived。 13. so 为并列连词，连接因果并列分句，从句主语 activities 为复数，用 were。 14. unless 本身含否定意义，将原肯定主句 you will 改为否定主句 you won't。 15. wonder 后接 if/whether 引导的宾语从句，从句采用陈述语序，时间状语 tomorrow 提示用一般将来时 will attend。 三、单句改错 16. 把 will be 改为 is　17. 去掉 so（或去掉 Because）　18. 把 because of 改为 because　19. 去掉 don't　20. 把 Since 改为 Because 【解析】　 16. if 引导的条件状语从句中遵循“主将从现”原则，从句应使用一般现在时，主语 she 后接 is。 17. because 从属连词与 so 并列连词在英语句子中不可并用，应删去 so。 18. 其后连接了包含完整主谓宾的句子 the sudden heavy thunderstorm made the court muddy，介词短语 because of 无法接句子，应改用连词 because。 19. unless 本身已具备 if...not 的否定含义，从句内部不可再用助动词 don't，否则产生双重否定错误。 20. 回答 why 发起的提问，只能用语气最强且直接说明原因的 because，since 不用于直接回答 why。 四、语篇语法填空 1. because　2. are　3. focus　4. embrace　5. when / whenever　6. experienced　7. because　8. makes　9. Since / Although　10. discover 【解析】　 1. 引导原因状语从句解释青少年感到压力的直接诱因，用 because。 2. if 条件从句用一般现在时，主语 you 对应的 be 动词为 are。 3. if 条件从句主将从现，主语 you 用原形 focus。 4. unless 条件从句主将从现，主语 you 用原形 embrace。 5. 引导时间状语从句表示“当……感到不知所措时”，用 when 或 whenever。 6. when 从句中的过去时间提示主从句叙述过去经历，用一般过去时 experienced。 7. 前有 of 构成 because of 短语，后接名词性短语 temporary academic failures。 8. if 条件从句主将从现，主语 everyone 是第三人称单数代词，谓语动词加 -s 为 makes。 9. 引导原因或让步状语从句，句首大写，填 Since 或 Although 均语义通顺。 10. as soon as 引导时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”，主语 you 后接动词原形 discover。 Unit 2　On the money 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. was making　2. begins　3. saved　4. Since　5. entered　6. Wherever　7. graduates　8. develops　9. where　10. arrived 【解析】　 1. while 从句用延续性动词，与主句过去进行时呼应，用过去进行时 was making。 2. as soon as 从句遵循“主将从现”，用一般现在时，主语 the winter holiday 为单数，动词加 -s。 3. not...until 的从句用一般过去时，与主句 didn't open 呼应。 4. 引导原因状语从句，表示已知事实，置于句首首字母大写，用 Since。 5. since 从句锚定过去的时间起点，用一般过去时 entered。 6. 表示“无论在哪里”，引导让步状语从句，置于句首首字母大写，用 Wherever。 7. after 从句遵循“主将从现”，主语 she 为第三人称单数，动词加 -s。 8. as 表示“随着”，从句用一般现在时，主语 the online shopping platform 为单数，动词加 -s。 9. where 引导地点状语从句，前面无先行词，表示“在……的地方”。 10. when 从句用一般过去时，与主句过去进行时 was bargaining 呼应。 二、按要求改写句子 11. After; finished　12. as soon as; comes　13. waited at; until　14. without checking　15. wherever; offers 【解析】　 11. after 引导时间状语从句，从句动作先发生，用一般过去时 finished。 12. as soon as 从句遵循“主将从现”，用一般现在时替代一般将来时，主语 he 后接 comes。 13. wait 为延续性动词，用肯定式 until 结构，表示“一直等到……”。 14. without 是介词，后接动名词 checking。 15. wherever 引导地点状语从句，表示“无论哪里提供……”，主语 we 后用一般现在时 offers。 三、单句改错 16. 把 While 改为 When　 17. 把 will begin 改为 begins　 18. 把 has entered 改为 entered　 19. 去掉从句中的 didn't　 20. 去掉多余的 there 【解析】　 16. opened 是瞬间终止性动作，不能用 while 引导，应改用 when。 17. as soon as 引导的时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，从句应使用一般现在时。 18. since 引导的时间状语从句表示过去的时间起点，谓语必须用一般过去时。 19. not...until 结构中的从句用肯定式，不能再用否定词，否则构成双重否定错误。 20. 关系副词 where 已在定语从句中充当地点状语，从句中不能再出现指代先行词的 there。 四、语篇语法填空 1. When　2. until　3. had　4. where　5. write　6. have saved　7. was checking　8. before　9. Wherever　10. so that 【解析】　 1. when 引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。 2. not...until 结构，表示“直到……才”。 3. after 从句用一般过去时，与主句 began 呼应。 4. where 引导地点状语从句，表示“在……的地方”，前面无先行词。 5. as soon as 从句遵循“主将从现”，主语 you 用动词原形。 6. since then 提示主句用现在完成时。 7. while 从句用延续性动词的过去进行时，与主句 found 呼应。 8. before 引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”。 9. wherever 引导让步状语从句，表示“无论去哪里”，置于句首大写。 10. so that 引导目的状语从句，表示“以便”，从句含情态动词 could。 Unit 3　Past passing by 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. such　2. so　3. so　4. so　5. to catch　6. that　7. could record　8. such　9. so　10. could arrive 【解析】　 1. 修饰名词短语 an unforgettable reunion，用 such。 2. 修饰形容词 moving，用 so。 3. so that 引导目的状语从句。 4. little 表示“少”，其前用 so。 5. in order to 后接动词原形。 6. so...that 结构中的 that。 7. 主句为过去时，so that 从句用 could 保持时态呼应。 8. 修饰名词短语 a modern city，用 such，且 such 位于冠词之前。 9. 修饰形容词 excited，用 so。 10. 主句为过去时，in order that 从句用 could。 二、按要求改写句子 11. so touching that　12. so narrow that　13. in order that; could　14. in order to　15. such a; that 【解析】 11. so 修饰形容词 touching，后接 that 引导结果状语从句。 12. such a narrow alley 改写为 so narrow that 结构，so 直接修饰形容词 narrow。 13. in order that 后接从句，主句为过去时，从句用 could。 14. 主句与不定式的主语一致，可改用 in order to。 15. such a crowded square 中 such 位于冠词之前。 三、单句改错 16. 把 so an 改为 such an　17. 把 such many 改为 so many　18. 把 can 改为 could　19. 把 such much 改为 so much　20. 把 in order that give 改为 in order to give 【解析】　 16. 修饰名词短语 unforgettable childhood memory 应用 such，且 such 位于冠词之前。 17. many 修饰名词时，其前必须用 so 而非 such。 18. 主句 got up 为过去时，so that 从句的情态动词应用 could 保持时态呼应。 19. much 修饰形容词时其前用 so。 20. in order that 后接完整从句，此处后接动词原形，应改用 in order to。 四、语篇语法填空 1. so　2. so　3. so　4. so　5. in　6. so　7. such　8. so　9. but　10. in 【解析】　 1. so...that 结构，much 前用 so。 2. so...that 结构，修饰形容词 narrow。 3. so that 引导目的状语从句。 4. so...that 结构，修饰形容词 interesting。 5. in order to 表示目的，后接动词原形。 6. so that 引导目的状语从句，从句含情态动词 could。 7. such a meaningful trip，such 位于冠词之前。 8. so that 引导目的状语从句。 9. 前后为转折关系，用 but。 10. in order to 表示目的。 Unit 4　Heroes 一、用适当的关系代词填空 1. who / that　2. whose　3. who / that　4. who / whom / that（可省略）　5. who / that　6. who / that　7. who / whom / that（可省略）　8. who / that　9. who / that　10. whose 【解析】　 1、3、5、6、8、9 中关系代词在从句中作主语，先行词指人，用 who 或 that。 2、10 表示所属关系，用 whose。 4、7 中关系代词在从句中作宾语，可用 who、whom 或 that，也可省略。 二、按要求改写句子 11. who saved　12. whose story　13. whom; respect　14. who helped　15. who is helping 【解析】　 11. 关系代词在从句中作主语，先行词指人，用 who。 12. 表示所属关系，用 whose。 13. 关系代词作 respect 的宾语，用 whom，也可用 who 或 that。 14. 关系代词作从句主语，用 who。 15. 关系代词作从句主语，用 who，从句用现在进行时。 三、单句改错 16. 把 which 改为 who　17. 把 helps 改为 help　18. 去掉 him　19. 把 who 改为 whose　20. 去掉 him 【解析】　 16. 先行词 hero 指人，应用 who。 17. 先行词 volunteers 为复数，从句谓语用复数形式。 18. 关系代词已代替 the scientist 在从句中作 admire 的宾语，不能再出现 him。 19. 表示所属关系，应使用关系所有格代词 whose。 20. 关系代词已代替 the person 作介词 to 的宾语，不能再出现 him。 四、语篇语法填空 1. who / that　2. which / that　3. who / that　4. whose　5. who / that　6. who / that　7. who / whom / that（可省略）　8. who / that　9. who / whom / that（可省略）　10. which / that 【解析】　 1. 先行词 someone 指人，在从句中作主语，用 who 或 that。 2. 先行词 a short video 指物，在从句中作主语，用 which 或 that。 3. 先行词 a delivery rider 指人，在从句中作主语。 4. 表示所属关系，用 whose。 5. 先行词 Doctors 指人，在从句中作主语。 6. 先行词 People 指人，在从句中作主语。 7. 关系代词在从句中作 admire 的宾语，可省略。 8. 先行词 ordinary people 指人，在从句中作主语。 9. 关系代词在从句中作 learn from 的宾语，可省略。 10. 先行词 a quality 指物，在从句中作 develop 的宾语。 Unit 5　A fine balance 一、用适当的关系代词填空 1. that / which　2. that　3. that / which　4. that　5. that / which（可省略）　6. that　7. who / that　8. that　9. that / which（可省略）　10. that 【解析】　 1、3 先行词指物，在从句中作主语，用 that 或 which。 2、8 先行词被最高级或序数词修饰，只能用 that。 4、6 先行词被 all 修饰或为不定代词，只能用 that。 5、9 关系代词在从句中作宾语，可用 that 或 which，也可省略。 7 先行词指人，用 who 或 that。 10 先行词被 only 修饰，只能用 that。 二、按要求改写句子 11. which has　12. that we can　13. about which　14. where; relax　15. that / which is 【解析】　 11. which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容，从句谓语用单数 has。 12. 先行词被最高级修饰，只能用 that，其后接定语从句。 13. 介词提前时只能用 which，构成 about which 结构。 14. where 引导定语从句，先行词是 the park。 15. 关系代词在从句中作主语，用 that 或 which。 三、单句改错 16. 把 which 改为 that　17. 把 which 改为 that　18. 把 come 改为 comes　19. 去掉 it　20. 把 keeps 改为 keep 【解析】　 16. 先行词被最高级修饰，只能用 that。 17. 先行词是不定代词 Everything，只能用 that。 18. 先行词 The energy 为不可数名词，从句谓语用单数形式。 19. 关系代词已代替 the book 在从句中作 borrowed 的宾语，不能再出现 it。 20. one of + 复数名词 + who 结构中，从句谓语用复数形式。 四、语篇语法填空 1. that　2. who / that　3. why　4. that / which　5. that　6. that / which　7. that　8. who / that　9. that / which　10. that 【解析】　 1. 先行词被 most 修饰，只能用 that。 2. 先行词 Students 指人，在从句中作主语，用 who 或 that。 3. 先行词是 the reason，从句中作原因状语，用 why。 4. 先行词 a healthy lifestyle 指物，在从句中作主语。 5. 先行词是不定代词 Everything，只能用 that。 6. 先行词 The food 指物，在从句中作主语。 7. 先行词被最高级修饰，只能用 that。 8. 先行词 teachers 指人，在从句中作主语。 9. 先行词 The forests 指物，在从句中作宾语。 10. 先行词被 only 修饰，只能用 that。 Unit 6　Live green 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. impossible　2. unfair　3. useless　4. care; careless　5. carefully　6. development　7. pollution　8. recycle　9. kindness　10. invention 【解析】　 1. possible 以 p 开头，否定前缀用 im-。 2. fair 前加 un- 构成反义词，表示“不公平的”。 3. use 加 -less 构成形容词，表示“无用的”。 4. take care of 是固定短语；be careless about 表示“对……不在意”。 5. 修饰动词 read，用副词 carefully。 6. develop 的名词形式加 -ment，构成 development。 7. pollute 的名词形式加 -tion，构成 pollution。 8. 情态动词 can 后接动词原形。 9. kind 的名词形式加 -ness，构成 kindness。 10. invent 的名词形式加 -tion，构成 invention。 二、按要求改写句子 11. impossible　12. carefully　13. improvement to　14. is produced　15. reuse; instead of 【解析】　 11. not possible 相当于 impossible。 12. 修饰动词 did，用副词 carefully。 13. make a great improvement to 表示“对……作出很大改进”。 14. waste 与 produce 是被动关系，用一般现在时被动语态。 15. reuse 表示“重复使用”，instead of 后接动名词。 三、单句改错 16. 把 unpossible 改为 impossible　17. 把 friendlily 改为 friendly　18. 把 pollute 改为 pollution　19. 把 easyly 改为 easily　20. 把 wild life 改为 wildlife 【解析】　 16. possible 以 p 开头，否定前缀应用 im- 而不用 un-。 17. friendly 是形容词，作表语，不能加 -ly 变副词。 18. 作主语应用名词 pollution。 19. easy 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 -ly。 20. wildlife 是合成词，意为“野生动植物”，应写成一个词。 四、语篇语法填空 1. possible　2. improvements　3. helpful　4. useful　5. carefully　6. pollution　7. inventions　8. unaware　9. useless　10. incorrect 【解析】　 1. 前有 is，此处用形容词 possible 构成 It is possible for sb. to do sth. 句型。 2. improve 的名词形式 improvement，此处表示“改进”，用复数形式。 3. 修饰名词 habit，用形容词 helpful。 4. 与 simple 并列，用形容词 useful。 5. 修饰动词 sorting，用副词 carefully。 6. pollute 的名词形式 pollution。 7. invent 的名词形式 invention，此处泛指，用复数形式。 8. be unaware of 表示“没有意识到”。 9. 表示“无用的”，用 useless。 10. 表示“不正确的”，用 incorrect。 第 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $