考前押题06 阅读还原（期中专项训练）八年级英语上学期新教材沪教版

考前押题06 阅读还原 话题1 百科 话题2 数字与寓言 话题3 智能与科技（难点） 话题4 发明（常考点） ① 通读全文，把握大意； ② 分析空缺，寻找线索； ③ 代入验证，确保连贯。 话题1 百科（共4篇） Passage 1 In the age of AI and online information, knowing how to use encyclopaedias correctly is more important than ever. 1 The following guidelines can help you become a smarter user of knowledge tools. First, understand the difference between primary and secondary sources. Encyclopaedias are secondary sources—they summarize information from primary sources. 2 For academic work, you should try to find the original research or documents whenever possible. Second, pay attention to when an article was last updated. 3 For example, a science article from 2010 may not include recent discoveries. Always check the date before you use the information. Third, be aware of potential bias. Every source has a perspective, whether it is written by a human or generated by AI. 4 Read articles from multiple viewpoints to get a more balanced understanding. 5 Whether you use a printed encyclopaedia, Wikipedia, or an AI-powered tool, the key is to think critically, verify information, and never stop asking questions. Knowledge is powerful only when it is accurate. A．Knowledge that is outdated can be just as misleading as knowledge that is wrong. B．A single source, no matter how authoritative, can never tell the whole story. C．Remember that no single tool is perfect. D．They are great starting points, but they should not be your only source. E．The way we access knowledge has changed, but the principles of good research remain the same. F．AI-generated articles are always more reliable than human-written ones. Passage 2 In our study, we always meet new knowledge and difficult problems. 1 They can help us solve many study problems and improve our learning ability. However, many students don’t know how to look up information correctly. 2 First, use professional reference books. Dictionaries and educational books are the best choices. 3 They can provide exact and detailed answers for us. Second, screen online information carefully. The Internet has lots of information, but not all is correct. 4 Third, take notes after looking up information. Recording key knowledge can help you remember it better. 5 In short, correct ways of looking up information can make our study more efficient. A．Here are some useful methods. B．Reference books are very important for our study. C．This is a good way to improve our study efficiency. D．They are written by professional writers. E．We can learn all knowledge from the Internet. F．We need to choose reliable and useful information. Passage 3 Tomatoes are very popular in the world. We use them in many dishes and soups. But how much do you really know about them? In this article, we’ve put together some fun facts about tomatoes for you. 1 But in fact, they are fruits because they have seeds (种子) and grow from flowering plants. Tomato plants first grew in the Andes Mountains of South America. 2 There are over 7,500 kinds of tomatoes around the world. They come in different sizes. 3 But some can be up to more than 20cm across and weigh a few kilos. And tomatoes aren’t always red. They can be yellow, purple, black and even white. 4 The English word “tomato” came from the Spanish (西班牙语的) word “tomate”. And the Spanish learned the word from the Aztec language (阿兹特克语) Nahuatl “tomatl”. People not only make tomatoes into different kinds of dishes, but also hold some interesting festivals for the fruit. La Tomatina in Spain is one of the most famous tomato festivals. 5 During the festival, people throw 150,000 kilos of tomatoes at each other. What a mess (混乱)! But it sounds interesting. A．Many people think tomatoes are vegetables. B．Most tomato fruits are the same size as tennis balls. C．Do you know how the fruit got its name? D．Today, they grow in almost every country in the world. E．They thought eating tomatoes could bring them bad luck. F．The festival takes place on the last Wednesday of August every year. Passage 4 Step aside, pandas and puppies! Capybaras, the world’s largest rodents (啮齿动物), are becoming teens’ new favourite animals! “ 1 There are two capybara erasers in my pencil box!” says 14-year-old Lin Xia from Shanghai, proudly showing off her latest collections. Walk through any middle school hallway, and you’ll see backpacks with capybara bag hangers (挂件). Capybaras win hearts with their cute and unusual looks. These large rodents from South America look like big guinea pigs (豚鼠). 2 Their soft fur and kind eyes make them look like living teddy bears. 3 They spend days eating grass and nights swimming peacefully in water. Living in groups, they share meals with ducks and even let monkeys ride on their backs. Birds can even help clean their fur while they relax. Their slow and gentle behaviour makes them a joy to watch. 4 From hot springs to zoos, boys and girls line up just to watch them sleep. “They teach me to stay relaxed during exams,” says Yuki from Canada. An American student Lucas says, “Just watching them eat slowly makes me happy.” Shanghai student Li Hua smiles, “Their kindness inspires me to be a better person.” As Lin Xia says, “If a large rodent can live stress-free, why can’t we?” 5 Maybe it’s time to learn from these furry teachers—slow down, breathe, and enjoy life’s little joys. A．Happiness we expect can be really simple. B．They have short legs and calm faces that seem to smile. C．But capybaras aren’t just cute, they’re nature’s chill experts (悠闲达人). D．Teenagers around the world have shown their love for capybaras. E．This kind of lovely animal is commonly seen in teens’ daily items. F．Capybaras are also known for their cleverness and problem-solving skills. 话题2数字与寓言（共3篇） Passage 1 Do you like the number 13? 1 In the past, a lot of tall buildings didn’t have the 13th floor. 2 For example, the number “4” is said to be unlucky because it sounds like the Chinese word for “death”. But that’s just one example about numbers in China. When I first came here, I was surprised to see that many websites had numbers in their names instead of letters. I soon found that this is actually convenient, as Chinese characters (汉字) cannot be used for website addresses. 3 In pinyin, the telecom company China Unicom is called Zhongguo Liantong. If the company used their pinyin name for their website address, it would be quite long. 4 In addition, the pronunciations of some numbers sound similar to other words in Chinese. This is wordplay (双关语). For example, the numbers “520” in Chinese sound similar to the pronunciation of the Chinese phrase “I love you”. 5 A．They can only use numbers or letters instead. B．There are also superstitions (迷信) about some numbers in China. C．In western countries, some people think the number 13 brings bad luck. D．It is interesting to see how Chinese people use numbers in different ways. E．So instead, they used the hotline number—10010.com. This is easier to type and remember. F．Many couples choose to get married on May 20th for this reason. Passage 2 The word “longevity” comes from the word “long”. It means that people hope to live a long life. So in the traditional society, all people considered longevity as the most important goal. 1 Early in the Spring and Autumn period, there were celebrations for the elderly. 2 So the Chinese people started to hold the birthday ceremony at the age of 40. Later, celebrations would also be held for people’s 50th, 60th, 70th birthdays. The 60th birthday ceremony was the most common. As the length of people’s lives is increasing in modern society, more celebrations have been held in the later decades (十年). In addition, people now have the habit of celebrating the birthday before the end of the decades. 3 Why so? As the pronunciation of “nine” in Chinese is the same as the pronunciation of the word “long”. Nine is also the largest single-digit number. 4 The highlight of the celebration is the birthday feast (宴会), which is different from other feasts. 5 Besides being a form of celebrating old age, the birthday ceremony is also a way to wish for the health of the elderly person and hope that they can overcome difficulties they may meet in later life. A．It stands for best wishes for longevity. B．Only a few people could live long in ancient times. C．At birthday feasts, eating “longevity noodles” is the most important part. D．There are many activities and customs about the celebration of longevity. E．In ancient times, people didn’t celebrate birthdays because of poor living conditions. F．For example, people usually celebrate the 59th birthday rather than the 60th birthday. Passage 3 Many people always think that things in their daily life are related to (与……有关) luck. 1 . The great thinker Liu An gave the famous story The Old Man at the Frontier Who Lost His Horse (塞翁失马). An old man lived a poor life with his son. 2 . His neighbors came to express their pity (同情) for his bad luck. The old man asked, “How do you know this is bad luck?” After several days, his horse returned with many horses. His neighbors came again. But this time they came to congratulate him on his good luck. The old man replied, “How do you know this is good luck?” His son learnt to ride a horse. However, he fell from the horse and broke his leg. 3 ? The next year, there was a war. The son did not have to go to the front because of his leg. Nothing in the world is absolutely (绝对地) right or wrong. Every coin has two sides. Just as the old saying goes, “Good luck and bad luck come in turn.” Bad things can lead to good results. 4 . When you are lucky, you’d better keep calm or you may get into trouble at last. When you are in danger or trouble, 5 . So we shouldn’t judge things too quickly when something happens to us. We should keep a peaceful mind and look at problems from different sides. Maybe the bad situation will turn into something good later. A．How can this be a good thing B．One day, he lost one of his horses C．And good things can lead to bad results D．You can do things that you want to do E．In fact, there is no such thing as good luck or bad luck F．you should see it in a good way and you can turn it around 话题3 智能与科技（共4篇） Passage 1 Every third week of October, a middle school celebrates Digital Citizen Week (数字公民周). It’s held to tell students the healthy and responsible (负责任的) use of online technology. 1 It includes online safety, protecting personal information and more. Good digital citizenship encourages students to connect with one another and create long-lasting relationships online. The key idea behind it is to treat others with respect. 2 They also may not understand the possible results of their online actions. Helping students learn about digital citizenship can help them deal with online risks and use the internet safely and successfully. 3 Some useful information online can help teachers to plan their lessons about digital citizenship. Another important thing students need to understand is their digital footprints (足迹). 4 Because digital footprints can’t be cleared, and other people may find them through their footprints easily. It may influence students’ online safety. 5 For example, they need to clear cookies (网络浏览数据) from time to time. They should also be careful about what they shared with online users. The most important thing is that they should be responsible for what they shared on the Internet. A．So here is some useful advice for them. B．Everyone who uses the Internet has digital footprints. C．Teachers need to think about how to teach digital citizenship in the school. D．However, students might not know what is not safe to share online. E．Many students are also very interested in playing online games with friends. F．During the week, teachers tell students something about digital citizenship. Passage 2 In today’s world, digital technology is everywhere. We use smartphones to talk to friends, computers to study, and the Internet to find information. 1 But how can we make good use of it without letting it control us? This is an important question for everyone, especially young students like us. First, we should learn to manage our screen time wisely. Spending too much time online can affect not only our sleep and study but also our physical and mental health. 2 For example, we can turn off social notifications when doing homework, or choose to read a book instead of watching videos before bed. Second, we need to be careful about what we share online. This is why digital responsibility matters. 3 Once something is posted, it may stay on the Internet forever and could be seen by people we don’t know. Remember: if you wouldn’t say it face to face, don’t say it online. However, digital life is not all bad. In fact, it brings us many opportunities if we use it properly. 4 We can also learn new skills through online courses, such as drawing, programming, or even cooking. The key is to use technology in a smart and healthy way. So, what can we do? We should try to balance our online and offline lives. This is especially important for young students. 5 A．It helps us stay connected with family and friends far away. B．It makes our lives more difficult and less convenient. C．Therefore, we must think before we click. D．Let’s try to be the masters of technology, not its slaves. E．It makes our life easier and more interesting in many ways. F．We can set a timer to remind us to take a break every 30 minutes. Passage 3 Artificial intelligence (AI) is used to run online search engines, help doctors find out what sickness people have, and do many other hard tasks. 1 Recently, a band called The Velvet Sundown was revealed (揭露) to have been created using AI. They have more than one million listeners on Spotify every month. But it wasn’t just the music that came from AI. The pictures of the band members and the stories about them were also made up by AI. 2 When they found out, some thought the songs should have been clearly marked as AI-made. So, does it matter if music is created by AI? Yes, it should have a warning. 3 It’s connected to human experiences and emotions, and often carries powerful messages. Music that has been created by a computer just doesn’t have the same depth, so listeners should be told if music is made by AI. 4 Not giving the artists credit when their work has been used is really unfair. Also, AI changes very fast, so it’s important to clearly mark AI-made music. No, it doesn’t matter how music is made. 5 It’s the end result that matters. If people can’t tell that music has been made using AI, then surely it’s just as good as the real thing. AI can also help musicians who don’t have expensive tools. Technology has been used in music for many years. This is simply the next step. If AI music has a warning, should remakes of old songs have warnings too? A．At first, people didn’t know this. B．AI can make life easier, but some people also worry about it. C．As long as people like the way music sounds, does it matter how it was made? D．Creating music with AI makes music more important to people. E．Some artists say their music is used to train AI without asking them first. F．Music is so much more than just a tune and lyrics. Passage 4 Artificial intelligence is changing the way we learn. 1 Instead of just answering questions, modern AI can now create personalized study plans, track learning progress and even predict which topics a student will find difficult. This is called AI-assisted learning. 2 For example, if a student keeps making mistakes in grammar, the AI will provide more grammar exercises. If another student is good at reading but weak in writing, the AI will focus on writing practice. 3 Some education experts say that AI can never replace the emotional support and encouragement that a human teacher provides. “A teacher does more than just teach knowledge,” said Professor Li. 4 Despite the debate, AI in education is here to stay. The key is to use it sensibly. 5 A．AI should be a tool that supports learning, not a replacement for thinking. B．AI tutors can adapt to each student’s needs and learning speed. C．However, not everyone believes AI should play a big role in education. D．It goes far beyond simple search engines or question-answering tools. E．“They inspire students, build confidence and help them grow as people.” F．Students must still think critically and evaluate the information AI gives them. 话题4 发明（共4篇） Passage 1 Inventions have always played a central role in human progress. 1 Some inventions seem very simple, but they have changed the world in amazing ways. 2 For example, the wheel made transport faster and easier, and movable type printing helped spread knowledge quickly. Today, new inventions like 3D printers and brain-computer interfaces are solving problems that once seemed impossible. 3 A great invention does not have to be expensive or complicated. 4 Jia Mingxuan’s irrigation device, made from simple metal tubes and recycled bottles, won an international award. 5 A．Without doubt, the wheel is one of the greatest inventions of all time. B．It just needs to solve a real problem and be practical. C．As we all know, inventions have greatly shaped human history. D．Such useful creations can save people plenty of time and energy. E．After seeing these ancient and modern examples, do you think great inventions must cost a lot? F．This shows that creativity is far more important than cost. Passage 2 （25-26初二上·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，请阅读全文，并从下列方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。 Scientists around the world are creating amazing tools to solve global challenges. 1 Moon Building Bricks (砖) Chinese engineers invented a solar-powered machine. 2 This device uses mirrors to focus sunlight, heating soil to 1,000℃ until it becomes hard. No glue or chemicals are needed! These bricks will help build China’s future moon base, protecting astronauts from extreme temperatures and space radiation (辐射). Underwater Repair Gel 3 It works on wet surfaces. Inspired by shellfish clinging to rocks, this hydrogel (水凝胶) bonds 10 times stronger than regular glue. It can fix leaking pipes underwater or help doctors close cuts inside the body without sewing. Ships might soon carry “repair gel kits” for emergencies! Deep-Brain Scanner 4 It uses laser light and sound waves. When light touches brain cells, it creates tiny movements that machines detect. This method allows doctors to see brain activity five times deeper than before—without operations or harmful dyes. It could help treat Alzheimer’s disease. Hummingbird Robot Engineers in China built a robot smaller than your palm. Its wings hover (悬停) and flap like a real hummingbird’s, powered by mini-motors. Made of carbon fiber (碳纤维), it carries cameras into disaster zones where humans can’t reach. 5 A．It can turn moon soil into strong bricks. B．Here are four amazing inventions in 2025. C．It can work for 15 minutes without stopping. D．Japanese scientists created a special sticky gel. E．The following are five of these tools created in 2025. F．MIT researchers developed a new brain-scanning technique. Passage 3 （25-26初二上·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，请阅读全文，并从下列方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。 If you are a teenager with many ideas, you may not know how to turn them into inventions. 1 First, build your skills. Study math and science because they help you understand how things work. You can also join art, technology, or woodworking clubs. 2 You might even meet other creative teenagers like yourself. Next, find a real need. Successful inventors understand what people need in daily life. Keep a short list of daily troubles you notice. This way, you can notice the right problem and create something truly useful. 3 Then, make a small model and test it. For example, build a simple model using cardboard that is easy to change. 4 Their ideas can help you improve. Change one thing at a time so you know what works. Problems will come; that’s okay. 5 A．There you can learn how to use tools safely. B．The steps below can help you get started. C．Without this step, you might build something no one will use. D．With clear goals and learning from each try, you’ll keep improving. E．After you build it, ask classmates to try it and share comments. F．Find out how much time and effort they put into their inventions. Passage 4 Easton LaChappelle’s journey of invention started at a science fair. He showed his first robotic arm there. 1 A girl named Jenny came to see his work. She had an artificial arm herself. 2 Easton was shocked because he made his robotic arm for only $300. He decided to use his skills to help people like Jenny.   3 Easton got a 3-D printer for his 16th birthday and made a new artificial arm that could move with brain signals. 4 The arm weighed 3.6 kilograms. So Easton continued to improve his design. 5 Finally at age 23, he created a design that weighed only 0.5 kilograms and cost around $500. He shared his design online for free, making it possible for anyone with a 3-D printer to help others. A．He also learned a lot about engineering and design. B．He found out that Jenny’s artificial arm cost $80,000. C．That is how he got the idea to help others. D．It was made from plastic blocks and fishing line. E．But it was too heavy for a child to use. F．Then he kept working on it for many years. 文章主要介绍什么是优质城市，以雄安新区为例，介绍它生态优先、智慧建设、重视公共服务的特点，说明雄安为世界城市建设提供经验。。 【新素材·优质城市】What makes a good city? In many languages, words for “city” share a similar beginning. Cities are an important part of human culture. They welcome different people and keep changing. As we look back at the past and ahead to the future, the meaning of a city has changed. Today, cities around the world are growing and changing quickly. Modern cities are no longer just places for work and housing. 1 In North China, a new city, Xiong’an, is rising to make this dream come true. 2 Instead of letting buildings be built everywhere, it follows the rule of “planting trees before building the city” from the start. Large forests and wetland parks are built to improve the local environment. What’s more, Xiong’an works with the help of computers and the Internet. 3 Computers help with traffic, public services and safety. Public places are also well planned when the city is being built. 4 The city now has many schools, centers for the elderly and other local centers. Xiong’an is still being built, but it has shown us what a future city can be like. Its green parks and smart services work together to make life easier and happier. 5 Such ideas can also offer useful experience for city building around the world. A．New challenges come with more elders. B．To achieve this, it puts the environment first. C．They also focus more on daily needs and happiness. D．And they make sure different groups share public services. E．It shows that a good city balances nature, technology and public needs. F．Such smart tools collect real-time information to help the city run better. 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题06 阅读还原 话题1 百科 话题2 数字与寓言 话题3 智能与科技（难点） 话题4 发明（常考点） ① 通读全文，把握大意； ② 分析空缺，寻找线索； ③ 代入验证，确保连贯。 话题1 百科（共4篇） Passage 1 In the age of AI and online information, knowing how to use encyclopaedias correctly is more important than ever. 1 The following guidelines can help you become a smarter user of knowledge tools. First, understand the difference between primary and secondary sources. Encyclopaedias are secondary sources—they summarize information from primary sources. 2 For academic work, you should try to find the original research or documents whenever possible. Second, pay attention to when an article was last updated. 3 For example, a science article from 2010 may not include recent discoveries. Always check the date before you use the information. Third, be aware of potential bias. Every source has a perspective, whether it is written by a human or generated by AI. 4 Read articles from multiple viewpoints to get a more balanced understanding. 5 Whether you use a printed encyclopaedia, Wikipedia, or an AI-powered tool, the key is to think critically, verify information, and never stop asking questions. Knowledge is powerful only when it is accurate. A．Knowledge that is outdated can be just as misleading as knowledge that is wrong. B．A single source, no matter how authoritative, can never tell the whole story. C．Remember that no single tool is perfect. D．They are great starting points, but they should not be your only source. E．The way we access knowledge has changed, but the principles of good research remain the same. F．AI-generated articles are always more reliable than human-written ones. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍在人工智能与网络信息时代，正确使用百科全书的几条准则，教会读者理性辨别、查证信息。 【详解】1．前文点明AI与网络时代，正确使用百科全书比以往更重要，后文引出下面几条准则。此处需要过渡句衔接前后文，E选项“The way we access knowledge has changed, but the principles of good research remain the same.”承接首句，自然引出下文的方法指导。 2．前文说明百科全书属于二手资料，用来汇总一手资料里的信息，后文建议做学术研究尽量查找原始文献。此处需要承接句，D选项“They are great starting points, but they should not be your only source.”中“They”指代“Encyclopaedias”，承接上文，引出不能只依靠百科全书的观点。 3．前文提出要留意文章的最后更新时间，后文举例说明早年的科学文章可能缺少新发现，使用信息前要核对日期。此处需要解释关注更新时间的原因，A选项 “Knowledge that is outdated can be just as misleading as knowledge that is wrong.”承接上文，点明过时知识的危害。 4．前文提到要留意潜在偏见，任何来源都带有自身视角，后文建议阅读多角度文章，获得更全面的理解。此处需要过渡句，B选项“A single source, no matter how authoritative, can never tell the whole story.”承接上文，引出要参考多种观点的做法。 5．后文阐述不管使用纸质百科、维基百科还是AI工具，关键在于批判性思考、核验信息，不断提出疑问。此处需要总起句，C选项“Remember that no single tool is perfect.”总领本段，引出下文使用工具的核心原则。 Passage 2 In our study, we always meet new knowledge and difficult problems. 1 They can help us solve many study problems and improve our learning ability. However, many students don’t know how to look up information correctly. 2 First, use professional reference books. Dictionaries and educational books are the best choices. 3 They can provide exact and detailed answers for us. Second, screen online information carefully. The Internet has lots of information, but not all is correct. 4 Third, take notes after looking up information. Recording key knowledge can help you remember it better. 5 In short, correct ways of looking up information can make our study more efficient. A．Here are some useful methods. B．Reference books are very important for our study. C．This is a good way to improve our study efficiency. D．They are written by professional writers. E．We can learn all knowledge from the Internet. F．We need to choose reliable and useful information. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．F 5．C 【导语】本文为说明文，主要介绍了在学习中遇到难题时，如何正确查找信息的三种有效方法，包括使用参考书、筛选网络信息以及做笔记，旨在提高学习效率。 【详解】1．后文提到“They can help us solve many study problems and improve our learning ability.”它们可以帮助我们解决许多学习问题并提高学习能力。可推知前文需提及能帮助解决问题的复数名词事物，B选项“参考书对我们的学习很重要。”符合语境。 2．前文提到“However, many students don't know how to look up information correctly.”然而，许多学生不知道如何正确查找信息。因此后文介绍一些方法。A选项“这里有一些有用的方法。”符合逻辑。 3．前文提到“Dictionaries and educational books are the best choices.”字典和教育类书籍是最好的选择。及后文“They can provide exact and detailed answers for us.”它们能为我们提供准确详细的答案。可推知此处应解释为何这些书能提供准确答案，D选项“它们是由专业作家编写的。”说明了书籍的权威性，衔接自然。 4．前文提到“The Internet has lots of information, but not all is correct.”互联网有很多信息，但并非所有都是正确的。可推知面对网络信息的优劣混杂，我们需要进行筛选，F选项“我们需要选择可靠且有用的信息。”与前文逻辑相呼应。 5．前文提到“Recording key knowledge can help you remember it better.”记录关键知识能帮助你更好地记忆。及结尾段“make our study more efficient”使我们的学习更高效，可推知做笔记这一行为有助于提升效率，C选项“这是提高学习效率的好方法。”与前文语境相符。 Passage 3 Tomatoes are very popular in the world. We use them in many dishes and soups. But how much do you really know about them? In this article, we’ve put together some fun facts about tomatoes for you. 1 But in fact, they are fruits because they have seeds (种子) and grow from flowering plants. Tomato plants first grew in the Andes Mountains of South America. 2 There are over 7,500 kinds of tomatoes around the world. They come in different sizes. 3 But some can be up to more than 20cm across and weigh a few kilos. And tomatoes aren’t always red. They can be yellow, purple, black and even white. 4 The English word “tomato” came from the Spanish (西班牙语的) word “tomate”. And the Spanish learned the word from the Aztec language (阿兹特克语) Nahuatl “tomatl”. People not only make tomatoes into different kinds of dishes, but also hold some interesting festivals for the fruit. La Tomatina in Spain is one of the most famous tomato festivals. 5 During the festival, people throw 150,000 kilos of tomatoes at each other. What a mess (混乱)! But it sounds interesting. A．Many people think tomatoes are vegetables. B．Most tomato fruits are the same size as tennis balls. C．Do you know how the fruit got its name? D．Today, they grow in almost every country in the world. E．They thought eating tomatoes could bring them bad luck. F．The festival takes place on the last Wednesday of August every year. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．F 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些关于西红柿的趣味知识，包括它的属性、起源、种类、名称由来以及相关节日。 【详解】1．后文“But in fact, they are fruits because they have seeds…”是转折，这里是在纠正人们对西红柿属性的误解，前文应是人们普遍的看法。A选项“Many people think tomatoes are vegetables.”引出下文的纠正说明，符合语境。 2．前文指出“Tomato plants first grew in the Andes Mountains of South America.”，这里介绍了西红柿的起源地，后文应承接其现在分布的发展情况。D选项“Today, they grow in almost every country in the world.”从起源地过渡到全球分布，逻辑连贯。 3．前文提到“They come in different sizes.”和后文指出“But some can be up to more than 20 cm across and weigh a few kilos.”，这里在介绍西红柿的尺寸差异，先说明普遍情况再用转折引出特殊情况。B选项“Most tomato fruits are the same size as tennis balls.”描述了常见的西红柿尺寸，与下文的特殊尺寸形成对比，符合语境。 4．后文指出“The English word ‘tomato’ came from the Spanish word ‘tomate’. And the Spanish learned the word…”，这里详细解释了“tomato”一词的词源，前文应是引出这个话题的句子。C选项“Do you know how the fruit got its name?”以提问引出下文的词源说明，符合语境。 5．前文提到“La Tomatina in Spain is one of the most famous tomato festivals.”和后文指出“During the festival, people throw…”，这里在介绍西班牙西红柿节，空格处应补充该节日的相关信息。F选项“The festival takes place on the last Wednesday of August every year.”介绍了节日的举办时间，与上下文衔接自然。 Passage 4 Step aside, pandas and puppies! Capybaras, the world’s largest rodents (啮齿动物), are becoming teens’ new favourite animals! “ 1 There are two capybara erasers in my pencil box!” says 14-year-old Lin Xia from Shanghai, proudly showing off her latest collections. Walk through any middle school hallway, and you’ll see backpacks with capybara bag hangers (挂件). Capybaras win hearts with their cute and unusual looks. These large rodents from South America look like big guinea pigs (豚鼠). 2 Their soft fur and kind eyes make them look like living teddy bears. 3 They spend days eating grass and nights swimming peacefully in water. Living in groups, they share meals with ducks and even let monkeys ride on their backs. Birds can even help clean their fur while they relax. Their slow and gentle behaviour makes them a joy to watch. 4 From hot springs to zoos, boys and girls line up just to watch them sleep. “They teach me to stay relaxed during exams,” says Yuki from Canada. An American student Lucas says, “Just watching them eat slowly makes me happy.” Shanghai student Li Hua smiles, “Their kindness inspires me to be a better person.” As Lin Xia says, “If a large rodent can live stress-free, why can’t we?” 5 Maybe it’s time to learn from these furry teachers—slow down, breathe, and enjoy life’s little joys. A．Happiness we expect can be really simple. B．They have short legs and calm faces that seem to smile. C．But capybaras aren’t just cute, they’re nature’s chill experts (悠闲达人). D．Teenagers around the world have shown their love for capybaras. E．This kind of lovely animal is commonly seen in teens’ daily items. F．Capybaras are also known for their cleverness and problem-solving skills. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了水豚这种动物，它是世界上最大的啮齿动物，深受青少年喜爱，介绍了它可爱的外形、悠闲温和的生活习性，以及人们从它身上学到要放慢节奏享受生活。 【详解】1．本段围绕印有水豚形象的各类日常物品展开，E选项“This kind of lovely animal is commonly seen in teens’ daily items.”承接后文橡皮、书包挂件等日常物品，贴合上下文语境。 2．前文介绍水豚外形酷似豚鼠，后文描写它的皮毛与眼睛，B选项“They have short legs and calm faces that seem to smile.”继续刻画外貌特征，前后衔接自然。 3．前文介绍水豚可爱的外形，本段转而介绍它的生活习性，C选项“But capybaras aren’t just cute, they’re nature’s chill experts (悠闲达人).”起到转折过渡作用，引出下文水豚悠闲的生活状态。 4．后文列举多国学生对水豚的看法，D选项“Teenagers around the world have shown their love for capybaras.”总领本段，点明世界各地的青少年都喜爱水豚。 5．前文引出感悟，后文呼吁人们感受生活中的小美好，A选项“Happiness we expect can be really simple.”承接前文感悟，总结全文主旨。 话题2数字与寓言（共3篇） Passage 1 Do you like the number 13? 1 In the past, a lot of tall buildings didn’t have the 13th floor. 2 For example, the number “4” is said to be unlucky because it sounds like the Chinese word for “death”. But that’s just one example about numbers in China. When I first came here, I was surprised to see that many websites had numbers in their names instead of letters. I soon found that this is actually convenient, as Chinese characters (汉字) cannot be used for website addresses. 3 In pinyin, the telecom company China Unicom is called Zhongguo Liantong. If the company used their pinyin name for their website address, it would be quite long. 4 In addition, the pronunciations of some numbers sound similar to other words in Chinese. This is wordplay (双关语). For example, the numbers “520” in Chinese sound similar to the pronunciation of the Chinese phrase “I love you”. 5 A．They can only use numbers or letters instead. B．There are also superstitions (迷信) about some numbers in China. C．In western countries, some people think the number 13 brings bad luck. D．It is interesting to see how Chinese people use numbers in different ways. E．So instead, they used the hotline number—10010.com. This is easier to type and remember. F．Many couples choose to get married on May 20th for this reason. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．E 5．F 【导语】本文介绍了数字在文化中的特殊意义以及它们在网站名称中的应用；文章还提到了一些数字与中文词语发音相似，形成有趣的双关语现象。 【详解】1．根据上文“Do you like the number 13? ”可知，此处是人们对于数字13的看法；选项C“在西方国家，有些人认为数字13会带来厄运。”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据下文“For example, the number ‘4’ is said to be unlucky because it sounds like the Chinese word for ‘death’.”可知，中国文化中对数字也有迷信的说法；选项B“在中国也有一些关于数字的迷信。”符合语境。故选B。 3．根据上文“I soon found that this is actually convenient, as Chinese characters (汉字) cannot be used for website addresses.”可知，汉字不能在网址上用，所以此处是介绍什么可以用在网址上；选项A“它们只能用数字或字母来代替。”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据上文“If the company used their pinyin name for their website address, it would be quite long.”可知，中国联通使用拼音导致网址太长，所以他们采用了数字；选项E“因此，他们使用了热线电话10010.com。这样更容易打字和记忆。”符合语境。故选E。 5．根据上文“For example, the numbers ‘520’ in Chinese sound similar to the pronunciation of the Chinese phrase ‘I love you’. ”可知，520的谐音是“我爱你”；选项F“出于这个原因，许多情侣选择在5月20日结婚。”符合语境。故选F。 Passage 2 The word “longevity” comes from the word “long”. It means that people hope to live a long life. So in the traditional society, all people considered longevity as the most important goal. 1 Early in the Spring and Autumn period, there were celebrations for the elderly. 2 So the Chinese people started to hold the birthday ceremony at the age of 40. Later, celebrations would also be held for people’s 50th, 60th, 70th birthdays. The 60th birthday ceremony was the most common. As the length of people’s lives is increasing in modern society, more celebrations have been held in the later decades (十年). In addition, people now have the habit of celebrating the birthday before the end of the decades. 3 Why so? As the pronunciation of “nine” in Chinese is the same as the pronunciation of the word “long”. Nine is also the largest single-digit number. 4 The highlight of the celebration is the birthday feast (宴会), which is different from other feasts. 5 Besides being a form of celebrating old age, the birthday ceremony is also a way to wish for the health of the elderly person and hope that they can overcome difficulties they may meet in later life. A．It stands for best wishes for longevity. B．Only a few people could live long in ancient times. C．At birthday feasts, eating “longevity noodles” is the most important part. D．There are many activities and customs about the celebration of longevity. E．In ancient times, people didn’t celebrate birthdays because of poor living conditions. F．For example, people usually celebrate the 59th birthday rather than the 60th birthday. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．F 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了“长寿”的含义，以及古今中国关于长寿的庆祝习俗，还说明了相关习俗的寓意与特色。   1．根据“So in the traditional society, all people considered longevity as the most important goal.”以及“Early in the Spring and Autumn period, there were celebrations for the elderly.”可知，此处是衔接“长寿是重要目标”和“相关庆祝活动”，说明有很多关于长寿庆祝的习俗活动，选项D“关于长寿的庆祝有很多活动和习俗”符合语境。故选D。 2．根据“So the Chinese people started to hold the birthday ceremony at the age of 40.”可知，此处是解释“40岁才办寿宴”的原因，选项B“在古代，只有少数人能长寿”能支撑这一结果，符合语境。故选B。 3．根据“In addition, people now have the habit of celebrating the birthday before the end of the decades.”以及“Why so? As the pronunciation of ‘nine’ in Chinese is the same as the pronunciation of the word ‘long’.”可知，此处是举例说明“在十年期结束前庆祝生日”的具体做法，选项F“例如，人们通常庆祝59岁生日而不是60岁生日”符合语境。故选F。 4．根据“Nine is also the largest single-digit number.”可知，此处是说明“九”的寓意，选项A“它代表着对长寿的美好祝愿”能承接前文对“九”的解释，符合语境。故选A。 5．根据“The highlight of the celebration is the birthday feast (宴会), which is different from other feasts.”可知，此处是介绍寿宴的特色内容，选项C“在寿宴上，吃‘长寿面’是最重要的环节”符合语境。故选C。 Passage 3 Many people always think that things in their daily life are related to (与……有关) luck. 1 . The great thinker Liu An gave the famous story The Old Man at the Frontier Who Lost His Horse (塞翁失马). An old man lived a poor life with his son. 2 . His neighbors came to express their pity (同情) for his bad luck. The old man asked, “How do you know this is bad luck?” After several days, his horse returned with many horses. His neighbors came again. But this time they came to congratulate him on his good luck. The old man replied, “How do you know this is good luck?” His son learnt to ride a horse. However, he fell from the horse and broke his leg. 3 ? The next year, there was a war. The son did not have to go to the front because of his leg. Nothing in the world is absolutely (绝对地) right or wrong. Every coin has two sides. Just as the old saying goes, “Good luck and bad luck come in turn.” Bad things can lead to good results. 4 . When you are lucky, you’d better keep calm or you may get into trouble at last. When you are in danger or trouble, 5 . So we shouldn’t judge things too quickly when something happens to us. We should keep a peaceful mind and look at problems from different sides. Maybe the bad situation will turn into something good later. A．How can this be a good thing B．One day, he lost one of his horses C．And good things can lead to bad results D．You can do things that you want to do E．In fact, there is no such thing as good luck or bad luck F．you should see it in a good way and you can turn it around 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．F 【导语】本文通过讲述“塞翁失马”的故事，告诉我们事情没有绝对好坏，祸福可以相互转化，要多角度看待问题。 【详解】1．上文讲到很多人认为生活中的事情和运气有关，下文引出塞翁失马的故事来反驳这个观点，E选项“In fact, there is no such thing as good luck or bad luck”承上启下，引出故事。 2．下文提到邻居前来为坏运气表示同情，说明发生了不好的事，B选项“One day, he lost one of his horses”讲述他丢马，和下文邻居同情相呼应。 3．上文提到他的儿子从马上摔下来摔断腿，发生不幸，后文是问号，A选项“How can this be a good thing”承接摔断腿这件坏事，符合上下文语境。 4．上文讲述坏事可以带来好结果，此处需要并列对应，C选项“And good things can lead to bad results”和上文形成并列结构，表述祸福相依。 5．上文讲到当身处危险困境的时候，此处给出对应的做法，F选项“you should see it in a good way and you can turn it around”给出面对困境的正确态度，承接上文条件。 话题3 智能与科技（共4篇） Passage 1 Every third week of October, a middle school celebrates Digital Citizen Week (数字公民周). It’s held to tell students the healthy and responsible (负责任的) use of online technology. 1 It includes online safety, protecting personal information and more. Good digital citizenship encourages students to connect with one another and create long-lasting relationships online. The key idea behind it is to treat others with respect. 2 They also may not understand the possible results of their online actions. Helping students learn about digital citizenship can help them deal with online risks and use the internet safely and successfully. 3 Some useful information online can help teachers to plan their lessons about digital citizenship. Another important thing students need to understand is their digital footprints (足迹). 4 Because digital footprints can’t be cleared, and other people may find them through their footprints easily. It may influence students’ online safety. 5 For example, they need to clear cookies (网络浏览数据) from time to time. They should also be careful about what they shared with online users. The most important thing is that they should be responsible for what they shared on the Internet. A．So here is some useful advice for them. B．Everyone who uses the Internet has digital footprints. C．Teachers need to think about how to teach digital citizenship in the school. D．However, students might not know what is not safe to share online. E．Many students are also very interested in playing online games with friends. F．During the week, teachers tell students something about digital citizenship. 【答案】1．F 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了中学数字公民周的相关内容，阐述了数字公民教育的内容、必要性、教学开展以及数字足迹的相关注意事项。     【详解】1．前文引出数字公民周的举办目的，后文介绍它包含的网络安全、个人信息保护等内容，F选项“在这周期间，老师会给学生讲解关于数字公民的相关知识”承接上下文，符合语境。 2．后文提到“他们也可能不理解自己网络行为可能带来的后果”，D选项“然而，学生可能不知道在网上分享什么是不安全的”和后文的“也可能不理解”衔接连贯，符合语境。 3．后文提到“网上的一些有用信息可以帮助老师规划关于数字公民的课程”，C选项“老师们需要思考如何在学校教授数字公民相关内容”引出下文关于教师备课的内容，符合语境。 4．前文提到学生需要理解数字足迹，后文说明数字足迹无法清除、他人很容易找到，B选项“每个使用互联网的人都有数字足迹”承接前文，引出后文对数字足迹特点的说明，符合语境。 5．后文举例说明了清理网络浏览数据、谨慎分享内容等具体做法，A选项“所以这里有一些给他们的有用建议”引出下文的具体建议，符合语境。 Passage 2 In today’s world, digital technology is everywhere. We use smartphones to talk to friends, computers to study, and the Internet to find information. 1 But how can we make good use of it without letting it control us? This is an important question for everyone, especially young students like us. First, we should learn to manage our screen time wisely. Spending too much time online can affect not only our sleep and study but also our physical and mental health. 2 For example, we can turn off social notifications when doing homework, or choose to read a book instead of watching videos before bed. Second, we need to be careful about what we share online. This is why digital responsibility matters. 3 Once something is posted, it may stay on the Internet forever and could be seen by people we don’t know. Remember: if you wouldn’t say it face to face, don’t say it online. However, digital life is not all bad. In fact, it brings us many opportunities if we use it properly. 4 We can also learn new skills through online courses, such as drawing, programming, or even cooking. The key is to use technology in a smart and healthy way. So, what can we do? We should try to balance our online and offline lives. This is especially important for young students. 5 A．It helps us stay connected with family and friends far away. B．It makes our lives more difficult and less convenient. C．Therefore, we must think before we click. D．Let’s try to be the masters of technology, not its slaves. E．It makes our life easier and more interesting in many ways. F．We can set a timer to remind us to take a break every 30 minutes. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕数字科技展开，介绍数字科技带来的便利，同时提出合理使用数字技术的几条建议：管控屏幕时长、重视线上分享的责任、平衡线上线下生活，倡导做科技的主人。 【详解】1． 前文列举智能手机、电脑、互联网的各类用途，介绍数字技术无处不在。E选项“It makes our life easier and more interesting in many ways.”说明数字科技在很多方面让生活更便捷有趣，承接上文科技带来的各类应用，与后文转折问句形成逻辑衔接。 2． 本段中心为合理管控屏幕时间，后文给出具体做法的例子。F选项“We can set a timer to remind us to take a break every 30 minutes.”提供管理屏幕时长的可行方法，和后文举例内容属于同类建议，上下文连贯。 3． 前文提出线上分享要谨慎，重视数字责任，后文说明网络发布内容会永久留存。C选项“Therefore, we must think before we click.”起到过渡总结作用，提醒人们点击发布前三思，契合本段线上分享的话题。 4． 本段讲述合理使用数字科技能够带来机遇，后文列举网课学习新技能。A选项“It helps us stay connected with family and friends far away.”介绍数字科技的优势，和后文网课例子并列，共同说明数字生活的益处。 5． 前文提出我们需要平衡线上与线下生活，D选项“Let’s try to be the masters of technology, not its slaves.”收束全文，升华文章主旨，呼应开篇“不被科技控制”的问题。 Passage 3 Artificial intelligence (AI) is used to run online search engines, help doctors find out what sickness people have, and do many other hard tasks. 1 Recently, a band called The Velvet Sundown was revealed (揭露) to have been created using AI. They have more than one million listeners on Spotify every month. But it wasn’t just the music that came from AI. The pictures of the band members and the stories about them were also made up by AI. 2 When they found out, some thought the songs should have been clearly marked as AI-made. So, does it matter if music is created by AI? Yes, it should have a warning. 3 It’s connected to human experiences and emotions, and often carries powerful messages. Music that has been created by a computer just doesn’t have the same depth, so listeners should be told if music is made by AI. 4 Not giving the artists credit when their work has been used is really unfair. Also, AI changes very fast, so it’s important to clearly mark AI-made music. No, it doesn’t matter how music is made. 5 It’s the end result that matters. If people can’t tell that music has been made using AI, then surely it’s just as good as the real thing. AI can also help musicians who don’t have expensive tools. Technology has been used in music for many years. This is simply the next step. If AI music has a warning, should remakes of old songs have warnings too? A．At first, people didn’t know this. B．AI can make life easier, but some people also worry about it. C．As long as people like the way music sounds, does it matter how it was made? D．Creating music with AI makes music more important to people. E．Some artists say their music is used to train AI without asking them first. F．Music is so much more than just a tune and lyrics. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．F 4．E 5．C 【导语】本文围绕人工智能（AI）在音乐创作中的应用展开讨论，呈现了支持和反对为AI音乐添加警示标记的两种观点。 【详解】1．根据上文“Artificial intelligence (AI) is used to run online search engines, help doctors find out what sickness people have, and do many other hard tasks.”可知，此处介绍AI的诸多用途，B项“AI can make life easier, but some people also worry about it.”（AI能让生活更轻松，但有些人也对此表示担忧）承上启下，引出下文关于AI乐队引发的争议，符合语境。 2．根据上文“The pictures of the band members and the stories about them were also made up by AI.”可知，乐队成员的照片和故事也都是由AI编造的，再根据下文“When they found out, some thought the songs should have been clearly marked as AI-made.”中的“When they found out”可知，听众起初并不知情，A项“At first, people didn’t know this.”（起初，人们并不知道这一点）承接上文，并与下文“found out”形成呼应，符合语境。 3．根据下文“It’s connected to human experiences and emotions, and often carries powerful messages.”可知，此处强调音乐与人类经历和情感相连，F项“Music is so much more than just a tune and lyrics.”（音乐远不止是曲调和歌词）引出下文对音乐深层价值的阐述，符合语境。 4．根据下文“Not giving the artists credit when their work has been used is really unfair.”可知，此处在讨论艺术家的作品被使用却未获得署名的问题，E项“Some artists say their music is used to train AI without asking them first.”（一些艺术家说他们的音乐在未经同意的情况下被用来训练AI）引出下文关于对艺术家不公平的论述，符合语境。 5．根据下文“It’s the end result that matters. If people can’t tell that music has been made using AI, then surely it’s just as good as the real thing.”可知，此处在表达“重要的是最终结果”的观点，C项“As long as people like the way music sounds, does it matter how it was made?”（只要人们喜欢音乐的听感，它是怎么制作的重要吗）引出下文对最终结果的强调，符合语境。 Passage 4 Artificial intelligence is changing the way we learn. 1 Instead of just answering questions, modern AI can now create personalized study plans, track learning progress and even predict which topics a student will find difficult. This is called AI-assisted learning. 2 For example, if a student keeps making mistakes in grammar, the AI will provide more grammar exercises. If another student is good at reading but weak in writing, the AI will focus on writing practice. 3 Some education experts say that AI can never replace the emotional support and encouragement that a human teacher provides. “A teacher does more than just teach knowledge,” said Professor Li. 4 Despite the debate, AI in education is here to stay. The key is to use it sensibly. 5 A．AI should be a tool that supports learning, not a replacement for thinking. B．AI tutors can adapt to each student’s needs and learning speed. C．However, not everyone believes AI should play a big role in education. D．It goes far beyond simple search engines or question-answering tools. E．“They inspire students, build confidence and help them grow as people.” F．Students must still think critically and evaluate the information AI gives them. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．E 5．F 【导语】本文介绍了AI如何改变学习方式，从简单的问答工具发展到可以个性化规划和追踪学习进度的AI助手。 【详解】1．前文说AI正在改变学习方式，D选项“It goes far beyond simple search engines or question-answering tools.它远不止简单的搜索引擎或问答工具”引出下文对AI能力的具体描述。 2．前文提到AI辅助学习，B选项“AI tutors can adapt to each student’s needs and learning speed.AI导师可以适应每个学生的需求和学习速度”具体说明个性化功能。 3．后文说教育专家认为AI不能替代教师，C选项“However, not everyone believes AI should play a big role in education.然而，并非所有人都认为AI应该在教育中发挥重要作用”引出转折。 4．前文引用Prof. Li说“教师做的不仅仅是传授知识”，E选项“‘They inspire students, build confidence and help them grow as people.’他们激励学生，建立信心，帮助他们成长”补充说明教师的价值。 5．前文说要明智地使用AI，F选项“Students must still think critically and evaluate the information AI gives them.学生仍然需要批判性思考并评估AI给出的信息”承接上文的建议。 话题4 发明（共4篇） Passage 1 Inventions have always played a central role in human progress. 1 Some inventions seem very simple, but they have changed the world in amazing ways. 2 For example, the wheel made transport faster and easier, and movable type printing helped spread knowledge quickly. Today, new inventions like 3D printers and brain-computer interfaces are solving problems that once seemed impossible. 3 A great invention does not have to be expensive or complicated. 4 Jia Mingxuan’s irrigation device, made from simple metal tubes and recycled bottles, won an international award. 5 A．Without doubt, the wheel is one of the greatest inventions of all time. B．It just needs to solve a real problem and be practical. C．As we all know, inventions have greatly shaped human history. D．Such useful creations can save people plenty of time and energy. E．After seeing these ancient and modern examples, do you think great inventions must cost a lot? F．This shows that creativity is far more important than cost. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．E 4．B 5．F 【导语】本文围绕发明展开，通过列举古今发明的实例以及少年的获奖事例，探讨什么样的发明才称得上伟大，告诉我们伟大的发明不一定昂贵复杂，创造力十分重要。 【详解】1．前文提出发明在人类进步中的核心作用，C选项“As we all know, inventions have greatly shaped human history.”继续阐述发明对人类历史的重大影响，开启下文。 2．前文说有些发明看起来简单却以惊人的方式改变了世界，D选项“Such useful creations can save people plenty of time and energy.”具体说明发明带来的益处。 3．前文列举了轮子、活字印刷以及现代3D打印机、脑机接口的事例，E选项“After seeing these ancient and modern examples, do you think great inventions must cost a lot?”提出设问，后面紧接着的句子正好回答该问题，前后呼应。 4．前文说明一项伟大的发明不必昂贵或是复杂，B选项“It just needs to solve a real problem and be practical.”补充阐释伟大发明的必备条件。 5．前文提到贾明轩用简单材料制作的发明获国际奖，F选项“This shows that creativity is far more important than cost.”对该实例进行总结收尾。 Passage 2 （25-26初二上·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，请阅读全文，并从下列方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。 Scientists around the world are creating amazing tools to solve global challenges. 1 Moon Building Bricks (砖) Chinese engineers invented a solar-powered machine. 2 This device uses mirrors to focus sunlight, heating soil to 1,000℃ until it becomes hard. No glue or chemicals are needed! These bricks will help build China’s future moon base, protecting astronauts from extreme temperatures and space radiation (辐射). Underwater Repair Gel 3 It works on wet surfaces. Inspired by shellfish clinging to rocks, this hydrogel (水凝胶) bonds 10 times stronger than regular glue. It can fix leaking pipes underwater or help doctors close cuts inside the body without sewing. Ships might soon carry “repair gel kits” for emergencies! Deep-Brain Scanner 4 It uses laser light and sound waves. When light touches brain cells, it creates tiny movements that machines detect. This method allows doctors to see brain activity five times deeper than before—without operations or harmful dyes. It could help treat Alzheimer’s disease. Hummingbird Robot Engineers in China built a robot smaller than your palm. Its wings hover (悬停) and flap like a real hummingbird’s, powered by mini-motors. Made of carbon fiber (碳纤维), it carries cameras into disaster zones where humans can’t reach. 5 A．It can turn moon soil into strong bricks. B．Here are four amazing inventions in 2025. C．It can work for 15 minutes without stopping. D．Japanese scientists created a special sticky gel. E．The following are five of these tools created in 2025. F．MIT researchers developed a new brain-scanning technique. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．F 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了2025年的四项惊人发明，包括月球建筑砖、水下修复凝胶、深脑扫描仪和蜂鸟机器人。 【详解】1．上文总述科学家创造了一些工具，下文列举了四项具体发明。B项“这里是2025年的四项惊人发明。”承上启下，且发明数量与后文吻合。 2．本段小标题为“月球建筑砖”，上文提到太阳能机器，下文说该设备利用镜子来聚焦阳光，从而将土壤加热变硬。A项“它能将月球土壤变成坚固的砖。”具体说明机器的功能，与标题及下文内容一致。 3．本段小标题为“水下修复凝胶”，下文介绍了水凝胶的特性。D项“日本科学家创造了一种特殊的黏性凝胶。”引出下文，符合逻辑。 4．本段小标题为“深脑扫描仪”，下文介绍其原理。F项“MIT研究人员开发了一种新的脑扫描技术。”引出主题，与标题对应。 5．本段主要介绍了蜂鸟机器人，上文提到其用途。C项“它能连续工作15分钟”补充说明机器人的性能，作为段落结尾合适。 Passage 3 （25-26初二上·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，请阅读全文，并从下列方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。 If you are a teenager with many ideas, you may not know how to turn them into inventions. 1 First, build your skills. Study math and science because they help you understand how things work. You can also join art, technology, or woodworking clubs. 2 You might even meet other creative teenagers like yourself. Next, find a real need. Successful inventors understand what people need in daily life. Keep a short list of daily troubles you notice. This way, you can notice the right problem and create something truly useful. 3 Then, make a small model and test it. For example, build a simple model using cardboard that is easy to change. 4 Their ideas can help you improve. Change one thing at a time so you know what works. Problems will come; that’s okay. 5 A．There you can learn how to use tools safely. B．The steps below can help you get started. C．Without this step, you might build something no one will use. D．With clear goals and learning from each try, you’ll keep improving. E．After you build it, ask classmates to try it and share comments. F．Find out how much time and effort they put into their inventions. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．E 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了青少年把想法变成发明的方法步骤。 【详解】1．上文提出“not know how to turn them into inventions”的问题，下文列举了具体步骤，选项B“The steps below can help you get started.”承上启下，引出下文。 2．上文建议“join art, technology, or woodworking clubs.”，选项A“There you can learn how to use tools safely.”中的“There”指代俱乐部，说明在那里可以提高技能，符合语境。 3．根据“Next, find a real need.”可知，本段强调发现真实需求的重要性，选项C“Without this step, you might build something no one will use.”，从反面论证了本段的观点。 4．下文提到“Their ideas can help you improve”，选项E“After you build it, ask classmates to try it and share comments.”，其中的“classmates”对应下文的“Their”，逻辑连贯。 5．上文提到“Problems will come; that’s okay.”，选项D“With clear goals and learning from each try, you’ll keep improving.”，承接上文，用在全文结尾起到鼓励作用。 Passage 4 Easton LaChappelle’s journey of invention started at a science fair. He showed his first robotic arm there. 1 A girl named Jenny came to see his work. She had an artificial arm herself. 2 Easton was shocked because he made his robotic arm for only $300. He decided to use his skills to help people like Jenny.   3 Easton got a 3-D printer for his 16th birthday and made a new artificial arm that could move with brain signals. 4 The arm weighed 3.6 kilograms. So Easton continued to improve his design. 5 Finally at age 23, he created a design that weighed only 0.5 kilograms and cost around $500. He shared his design online for free, making it possible for anyone with a 3-D printer to help others. A．He also learned a lot about engineering and design. B．He found out that Jenny’s artificial arm cost $80,000. C．That is how he got the idea to help others. D．It was made from plastic blocks and fishing line. E．But it was too heavy for a child to use. F．Then he kept working on it for many years. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．E 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Easton LaChappelle发明机械臂的历程，从初次参展受到触动，到不断改进设计，最终创造出轻便低成本的机械臂并免费分享的故事。 【详解】1．前文提到Easton在科技展展示了第一个机械手臂，需补充说明这个机械手臂的制作细节，D选项“It was made from plastic blocks and fishing line.”符合语境，对应前文的“first robotic arm”。 2．后文提到Easton因为自己的机械臂仅300美元而感到震惊，说明他了解到了Jenny的义肢的价格，B选项“He found out that Jenny’s artificial arm cost $80,000.”能衔接后文的“shocked”。 3．前文Easton决定用自己的技能帮助像Jenny这样的人，需对应说明他产生这个想法的缘由，C选项“That is how he got the idea to help others.”承接上文的决定。 4．前文提到Easton制作出了能随脑信号移动的新手臂，后文说明这个手臂重3.6公斤，E选项“But it was too heavy for a child to use.”能衔接后文的重量信息，解释为什么要继续改进设计。 5．前文说Easton继续改进设计，后文提到他23岁时造出了新的设计，F选项“Then he kept working on it for many years.”符合时间线的递进，衔接“继续改进设计”和最终成功的内容。 文章主要介绍什么是优质城市，以雄安新区为例，介绍它生态优先、智慧建设、重视公共服务的特点，说明雄安为世界城市建设提供经验。。 【新素材·优质城市】What makes a good city? In many languages, words for “city” share a similar beginning. Cities are an important part of human culture. They welcome different people and keep changing. As we look back at the past and ahead to the future, the meaning of a city has changed. Today, cities around the world are growing and changing quickly. Modern cities are no longer just places for work and housing. 1 In North China, a new city, Xiong’an, is rising to make this dream come true. 2 Instead of letting buildings be built everywhere, it follows the rule of “planting trees before building the city” from the start. Large forests and wetland parks are built to improve the local environment. What’s more, Xiong’an works with the help of computers and the Internet. 3 Computers help with traffic, public services and safety. Public places are also well planned when the city is being built. 4 The city now has many schools, centers for the elderly and other local centers. Xiong’an is still being built, but it has shown us what a future city can be like. Its green parks and smart services work together to make life easier and happier. 5 Such ideas can also offer useful experience for city building around the world. A．New challenges come with more elders. B．To achieve this, it puts the environment first. C．They also focus more on daily needs and happiness. D．And they make sure different groups share public services. E．It shows that a good city balances nature, technology and public needs. F．Such smart tools collect real-time information to help the city run better. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．F 4．D 5．E 【导语】本文介绍什么是优质城市，以雄安新区为例，介绍它生态优先、智慧建设、重视公共服务的特点，说明雄安为世界城市建设提供经验。 【详解】1．前文提到现代城市不再仅仅是工作和居住的地方，C项“They also focus more on daily needs and happiness.”承接上文，说明现代城市更多关注日常需求与幸福感，符合逻辑。 2．后文讲述雄安遵循“先种树，后建城”，修建大片森林与湿地改善环境。B项“To achieve this, it puts the environment first.”引出本段环境优先的建设理念，总领下文。 3．前一句说雄安借助电脑和互联网建设，F项“Such smart tools collect real-time information to help the city run better.”里的smart tools指代电脑与网络，解释智能工具的作用，衔接紧密。 4．后文提到雄安建设学校、养老中心等公共配套。D项“And they make sure different groups share public services.”引出公共服务、面向不同人群，引出后面各类公共设施例子。 5．前面总结雄安绿色公园与智能服务让生活更美好，E项“It shows that a good city balances nature, technology and public needs.”对雄安案例进行总结，引出后文它给世界城市建设提供经验。 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $