Unit 6 Understanding ideas Reading 讲义 2026-2027学年英语外研版八年级上册

Unit 6 When disaster strikes　Understanding ideas (Reading) 课时基本信息 课　　题 Unit 6 When disaster strikes — Understanding ideas (Reading) 课　　型 阅读课（第一课时·45分钟） 年　　级 八年级上册 版　　本 外研版（2024）英语八年级上册 教学重难点 【教学重点】 梳理、概括 A lost city 的主要内容，充分理解文章细节内容，掌握重点词汇短语,完成看图说话、总结三选一与时间线八空，理清维苏威火山喷发之夜「地震→逃离→喷发→反应→结果」的完整线索,掌握 lost、scared、shut、shocking、straight、historical、expert、reaction 八个重点词汇与搭配 【教学难点】 深入理解文章的逻辑关系（灾难进程与人的反应交织），能够用目标语言对本课时话题进行探讨,用历史记录、专家研究与实地探访了解历史灾难的真相（Learning to think） 词汇速览 lost /lɒst/ adj. 迷路的；失去的（lost in thought 陷入沉思；get lost 迷路） scared /skeəd/ adj. 害怕的（scared of 害怕……；scared to death 吓得要死） shut /ʃʌt/ v. 关闭（shut down 关闭，停工；shut the door 关门） shocking /ˈʃɒkɪŋ/ adj. 令人震惊的（shocking news 惊人的消息；shocking behavior 令人震惊的行为） straight /streɪt/ adv./adj. 直地；直的（go straight 直走；straight to the point 直截了当） historical /hɪˈstɒrɪkl/ adj. 历史的（historical event 历史事件；historical figure 历史人物） expert /ˈekspɜːt/ n. 专家（expert in……方面的专家；expert advice 专家建议） reaction /riˈækʃn/ n. 反应（chemical reaction 化学反应；allergic reaction 过敏反应） （一）Free talk · 灾害亲历谈 【过渡语】两千年前的意大利海湾，有一场让整座城市消失的灾难——亲历者写下了它。 FREE TALK：Have you ever experienced an earthquake or natural disaster? How did you feel? 你经历过地震或自然灾害吗？当时感觉如何？ 【提示框】 聊灾害感受用「经历+感受+做法」三句式：I (once)... I felt... So I...——为读幸存者的记录备好情感底色。 （二）读前看图 · 灾难现场 Look at the two pictures and answer the questions. Use the words and expressions to help you. 看两幅图回答：①What can you see in the pictures? ②What do you think the local people did in the disaster? ③How might people feel? 提示词：shake 震动／spread 蔓延／turn into 变成／earth 大地／dark cloud 乌云／smoke 烟雾／call／cry／shout／shocked 震惊的／hope 希望／fear 恐惧。 【知识点】 ▶两图两阶段：一图火山灰云压顶（dark cloud／smoke／shake），一图人们四散奔逃（call／cry／shout）——十二个提示词正好铺开「天灾」与「人慌」两条线。 【提示框】 答感受题两头抓：hope（盼救援）与 fear（怕被埋）并存——给词语分类：天上的（cloud/smoke）写景，人的（call/cry/shout）写情。 读前看图说话页 （三）通读主旨 · 幸存者记录 Read the record of Pliny the Younger and find out how he survived the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. 读小普林尼的记录，找出他如何在维苏威火山喷发中幸存——By escaping early, staying together, and persisting through the disaster, Pliny and his mother survived the eruption. 早撤离、不分散、坚持到底，母子幸存。 Choose the best summary of the passage. 选最佳总结：a Pliny the Younger and his mother saw Mount Vesuvius erupt and got away from it.（目睹喷发并逃离）b Pliny the Younger had no thoughts of things to come after the volcano erupted.（喷发后不考虑将来）c People have lived near Mount Vesuvius for thousands of years.（人们千百年来住在火山附近）——正确答案 a：a 概括「经历+结果」主线，b 只是结尾一句、c 只是背景铺垫。 【知识点】 ▶幸存三要素：escaping early（早撤）→staying together（不散）→persisting through（坚持）——选总结题抓「谁+经历+结果」三件套，a 三者齐备。 【提示框】 b 断章取义（只取最后一句）、c 以偏概全（只谈背景）——总结要覆盖全文主线，细节句和背景句都当不了总结。 （四）精读时间线 · 五站八空 Complete the timeline with the words and expressions from the passage. 用课文词句补全时间线：【The earthquake 地震】Pliny the Younger was sleeping when the ground 1____________（shook）very hard. He and his mother decided to leave the town. 大地剧烈摇晃，母子决定离城。 【Getting away 逃离】They were at a place out of town. Just then, 2____________（shocking）things happened. Their coach moved from side to side. The sea moved back and there were many sea animals on the sand. 马车左右摇晃、海水后退、沙滩上满是海中动物。【The volcanic eruption 火山喷发】There was a dark cloud over Mount Vesuvius. It came down and covered the sea. Then the cloud 3____________（spread）over the land like a flood. The air was thick with 4____________（smoke）and ash began to fall. 乌云压顶漫过海面，如洪水般在陆地蔓延，空气里浓烟弥漫，火山灰开始落下。 【People's reactions 人们的反应】Women were calling, children were 5____________（crying）and men were 6____________（shouting）. They were trying to find their families. 女人在呼喊、孩子在哭叫、男人在喊叫，都在寻找家人。【The results 结果】After a night of living between 7____________（hope）and 8____________（fear）, they had no thoughts of things to come. 在希望与恐惧交织中度过一夜，已无暇考虑将来。 【知识点】 ▶时间线五站：地震（ground shook）→逃离（shocking things：车摇海退）→喷发（cloud spread／smoke 弥漫）→反应（calling/crying/shouting 找家人）→结果（between hope and fear）——灾难进程一气贯通，8 空按站定位。 【提示框】 第 5/6 空看排比：were calling, were ____, were ____——三个 were doing 并列，从提示词里挑 crying／shouting；between 后接两个对立名词 hope and fear。 时间线填空（地震站）页 （五）Think and share · 其人其城 【过渡语】一场喷发埋了一座城，也留下了一份最珍贵的记录。 ①What do you think of Pliny the Younger? 你怎么评价小普林尼？——Pliny the Younger was a brave, observant, and loyal person. His account of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius is one of the most important historical records of the disaster. Despite the chaos, he stayed with his mother even when she urged him to go ahead without her, showing his strong family loyalty. His detailed descriptions also prove he was intelligent and careful, making his writings valuable to historians today. 勇敢、观察敏锐、忠诚：记录是这场灾难最重要的历史文献之一；混乱中坚持陪母亲，重情重义；细节描写证明他聪明细心，作品对今天的历史学家仍有价值。 ②What else do you know about the disaster in Pompeii? 关于庞贝之灾你还知道什么？——The eruption happened in 79 AD and destroyed Pompeii, Herculaneum, and other nearby towns. Pyroclastic flows (superheated gas and ash) killed people instantly, burying the city under 6 meters (20 feet) of ash. Many victims were preserved as "plaster casts"—their bodies left hollow spaces in the ash, which archaeologists later filled with plaster to see their final moments. The ruins were lost for over 1,500 years until rediscovered in 1748. Today, Pompeii is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Pliny the Younger's uncle, Pliny the Elder, died trying to rescue people by ship, showing the eruption's deadly reach. 公元 79 年喷发毁城；火山碎屑流瞬间夺命，全城被 6 米火山灰掩埋；「石膏铸像」复原遇难者最后时刻；废墟湮没 1500 余年，1748 年重见天日，现为世界遗产；老普林尼驾船救人牺牲。 Learning to think for question 2：Historical records, studies of experts and visiting historical places can help you learn more truth about a historical disaster. 历史记录、专家研究与实地探访，能帮你了解历史灾难的更多真相。 【知识点】 ▶评价三词定位：brave（混乱中不慌）→observant（细节描写）→loyal（陪母亲不先走）；▶了解真相三途径：historical records 历史记录＋studies of experts 专家研究＋visiting historical places 实地探访。 【提示框】 评价人物给「证据」：说 loyal 就引「母亲劝他先走他没走」，说 observant 就引「海水后退、沙滩上海中动物」——一句评价一句证据才站得住。 Think and share 页 （六）词汇精讲 · 八词联动 学习 lost：搭配 lost in thought 陷入沉思／get lost 迷路——He was late because he got lost. 他因为迷路而迟到了。Her keys were lost in the park yesterday. 她的钥匙昨天在公园丢了。 学习 scared：搭配 scared of 害怕……／scared to death 吓得要死——The child was scared to death by the thunder. 那个孩子被雷声吓得要死。He stood at the edge of the cliff, scared stiff. 他站在悬崖边，吓得不敢动。 学习 shut：搭配 shut down 关闭，停工／shut the door 关门——Please shut the window, it's cold outside. 请把窗户关上，外面很冷。The factory shut down due to economic issues. 工厂因为经济问题关闭了。 学习 shocking：搭配 shocking news 惊人的消息／shocking behavior 令人震惊的行为——The result of the accident was shocking. 这场事故的结果令人震惊。His behavior was shocking to everyone. 他的行为让所有人都感到难以置信。 学习 straight：搭配 go straight 直走／straight to the point 直截了当——Go straight along this road to reach the station. 沿着这条路直走就能到车站。His answer was straight to the point. 他的回答直截了当，没有废话。 学习 historical：搭配 historical event 历史事件／historical figure 历史人物——This city has many historical sites. 这座城市有许多历史遗址。That war was a significant historical event. 那次战争是一个重要的历史事件。 学习 expert：搭配 expert in……方面的专家／expert advice 专家建议——He is an expert in computer programming. 他是计算机编程领域的专家。We need to listen to expert advice. 我们需要听取专家的建议。 学习 reaction：搭配 chemical reaction 化学反应／allergic reaction 过敏反应——She has a severe allergic reaction to pollen. 她对花粉有严重的过敏反应。His immediate reaction was to run away. 他的第一反应是逃跑。 【知识点】 ▶八词串课文：get lost（失落的城）→scared（害怕的人们）→shut（关不上的门）→shocking things（骇人景象）→go straight（直奔城外）→historical event（历史事件）→expert advice（专家研究）→reaction（人们的反应）——庞贝之夜全在这八个词里。 【提示框】 随堂检测八题对应 lost／scared／shut／shocking／straight／historical／expert／reaction——第 3 题 shut 过去式同形（shut-shut-shut），别加 ed；第 1 题空在名词前用 lost 修饰 puppy。 lost 搭配讲解页 （七）随堂检测 限时独立完成随堂检测（本课词汇），完成后同桌互批，逐题核对订正。 1. lost　2. scared　3. shut　4. shocking　5. straight　6. historical　7. expert　8. reaction 一、根据句意及汉语提示补全句子 1. 这只走失的小狗最终被好心人收养了。The _____________ puppy was finally adopted by a kind person. 2. 黑暗让独自回家的女孩感到害怕。The dark made the girl feel _____________ walking home alone. 3. 他用力关上抽屉，发出"砰"的一声响。He _____________ the drawer forcefully with a loud bang. 4. 她在演讲中提出了一个令人震惊的新理论。She presented a _______________ new theory during her speech. 5. 她盯着正前方，一言不发。She stared _____________ ahead without saying a word. 6. 这本书讲述了一位重要的历史人物。This book tells the story of an important ______________ figure. 7. 这位医学专家发表了重要演讲。The medical _____________ gave an important speech. 8. 这个实验展示了有趣的化学反应。This experiment shows an interesting chemical _____________. （八）作业布置 Review the key words, expressions and sentence patterns in today's lesson. 复习本课重点词汇、短语与句型。 Write a short passage about your opinion on disaster. 写一段话谈谈你对灾害的看法。 【提示框】 看法短文按「灾害无情+人可为+行动倡议」展开：灾害部分引庞贝之灾，行动部分落在听 expert advice、早准备早撤离——以 Learning to think 三途径收尾。 语言点归纳 课堂总结 本课为单元阅读课（第一课时）：Free talk 热身——Have you ever experienced an earthquake or natural disaster? How did you feel? 你经历过地震或自然灾害吗？当时感觉如何？读前看图：Look at the two pictures and answer the questions——①What can you see in the pictures? ②What do you think the local people did in the disaster? ③How might people feel? 提示词：shake 震动／spread 蔓延／turn into 变成／earth 大地／dark cloud 乌云／smoke 烟雾／call 呼喊／cry 哭喊／shout 喊叫／shocked 震惊的／hope 希望／fear 恐惧。通读主旨：Read the record of Pliny the Younger and find out how he survived the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. 读小普林尼的记录，找出他如何在维苏威火山喷发中幸存——By escaping early, staying together, and persisting through the disaster, Pliny and his mother survived the eruption. 早撤离、不分散、坚持到底，小普林尼和母亲幸存下来。总结三选一：a Pliny the Younger and his mother saw Mount Vesuvius erupt and got away from it. 小普林尼和母亲目睹维苏威火山喷发并逃离；b Pliny the Younger had no thoughts of things to come after the volcano erupted. c People have lived near Mount Vesuvius for thousands of years.——正确答案 a。时间线八空：【The earthquake 地震】Pliny the Younger was sleeping when the ground 1____________（shook）very hard. He and his mother decided to leave the town. 大地剧烈摇晃，母子决定离城。【Getting away 逃离】They were at a place out of town. Just then, 2____________（shocking）things happened. Their coach moved from side to side. The sea moved back and there were many sea animals on the sand. 马车左右摇晃、海水后退、沙滩上满是海中动物。【The volcanic eruption 火山喷发】There was a dark cloud over Mount Vesuvius. It came down and covered the sea. Then the cloud 3____________（spread）over the land like a flood. The air was thick with 4____________（smoke）and ash began to fall. 乌云压顶漫过海面，如洪水般在陆地蔓延，空气里浓烟弥漫，火山灰开始落下。【People's reactions 人们的反应】Women were calling, children were 5____________（crying）and men were 6____________（shouting）. They were trying to find their families. 女人在呼喊、孩子在哭叫、男人在喊叫，都在寻找家人。【The results 结果】After a night of living between 7____________（hope）and 8____________（fear）, they had no thoughts of things to come. 在希望与恐惧交织中度过一夜，已无暇考虑将来。Think and share 两问：①What do you think of Pliny the Younger? ——Pliny the Younger was a brave, observant, and loyal person. His account of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius is one of the most important historical records of the disaster. Despite the chaos, he stayed with his mother even when she urged him to go ahead without her, showing his strong family loyalty. His detailed descriptions also prove he was intelligent and careful, making his writings valuable to historians today. 勇敢、观察敏锐、忠诚：他的记录是这场灾难最重要的历史文献之一；混乱中坚持陪母亲，重情重义；细节描写证明他聪明细心，作品对今天的历史学家仍有价值；②What else do you know about the disaster in Pompeii? ——The eruption happened in 79 AD and destroyed Pompeii, Herculaneum, and other nearby towns. Pyroclastic flows (superheated gas and ash) killed people instantly, burying the city under 6 meters (20 feet) of ash. Many victims were preserved as "plaster casts"—their bodies left hollow spaces in the ash, which archaeologists later filled with plaster to see their final moments. The ruins were lost for over 1,500 years until rediscovered in 1748. Today, Pompeii is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Pliny the Younger's uncle, Pliny the Elder, died trying to rescue people by ship, showing the eruption's deadly reach. 公元 79 年喷发毁掉庞贝等城；火山碎屑流瞬间夺命，全城被 6 米火山灰掩埋；遇难者遗体在灰烬中留下空腔，考古学家后来灌注石膏复原其最后时刻（「石膏铸像」）；废墟湮没 1500 余年，1748 年重见天日，如今是联合国教科文组织世界遗产；小普林尼的舅舅老普林尼驾船救人牺牲，足见灾情之烈。Learning to think for question 2：Historical records, studies of experts and visiting historical places can help you learn more truth about a historical disaster. 历史记录、专家研究与实地探访，能帮你了解历史灾难的更多真相。词汇八讲：lost／scared／shut／shocking／straight／historical／expert／reaction（详见词汇步）。随堂检测八题对应 lost／scared／shut／shocking／straight／historical／expert／reaction。作业：复习本课词汇句型；写一段话谈谈你对灾害的看法。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $