Unit 6 Developing ideas Reading for writing 讲义 2026-2027学年英语外研版八年级上册

Unit 6 When disaster strikes　Developing ideas (Reading for writing) 课时基本信息 课　　题 Unit 6 When disaster strikes — Developing ideas (Reading for writing) 课　　型 阅读与写作课（第四课时·45分钟） 年　　级 八年级上册 版　　本 外研版（2024）英语八年级上册 教学重难点 【教学重点】 读懂《Iron Girl》，梳理牛钰「灾难—复原—当下」三段式故事，完成图表七空信息补全,掌握 fashion, encouraging, honour, wound 四个重点词汇与搭配 【教学难点】 按七问框架写出一篇灾后暖心故事，并按三自检清单修改润色,理解标题 Iron Girl、「came out from the shadows」与 Nora Ephron 引言的深层含义，形成积极的生命观 词汇速览 fashion /ˈfæʃn/ n. 时尚；时装（follow fashion 追随时尚；out of fashion 过时） encouraging /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒɪŋ/ adj. 鼓舞人心的（encouraging words 鼓励的话；encouraging results 令人振奋的结果） honour /ˈɒnə(r)/ n. 荣誉；荣幸（great honour 莫大的荣幸；in honour of 为纪念） wound /wuːnd/ n. 伤口；创伤（deep wound 深深的伤口；heal the wound 治愈伤口） （一）自由谈话 · 走近幸存者 【过渡语】上一课我们读了庞贝古城的往事——灾难过去之后，幸存者的生活如何继续？今天的故事给出了答案。 Free talk：Do you know any survivors of natural disasters? What do you think of them? 你知道哪些自然灾害的幸存者？你觉得他们怎么样？ 引入关键词：survivor 幸存者、brave 勇敢的、courage 勇气——幸存者身上往往同时存在创伤与勇气，带着这份思考走进今天的故事《Iron Girl》。 【知识点】 ▶survivor 由动词 survive（幸存）派生：survive the earthquake 在地震中幸存→a survivor of the earthquake 一位地震幸存者——动词加-or 表「做……的人」。 【提示框】 谈看法用上 survivor / brave / courage 三词，例如：They are brave and full of courage.——先敢说，再说好。 （二）看图预测 · 三问导入 Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use the words and expressions to help you.（词库：confident, come out, support, earthquake, disaster, encourage, survivor, look forward, brave, courage, break one's dream） 问题一：What is the sculpture built for? 这座雕塑是为什么而建的？问题二：What do you think of the young woman? 你觉得这位年轻女性怎么样？问题三：What may have happened to her? 她可能经历了什么？ 【知识点】 ▶预测三抓：抓图中的假肢、抓自信的笑容、抓「雕塑」这一纪念性载体——带着三个问题读文，读后逐一验证，阅读就有了目的。 【提示框】 大胆用词库预测：She may have experienced an earthquake...——may have done 表示对过去的推测，用错也不要紧，读后验证才是关键。 看图回答三问导入页 （三）初读验证 · 把握大意 Read the passage and check your answers. 读课文《Iron Girl》，核看你刚才对三问的预测。 故事梗概：Niu Yu is a brave and inspiring woman who lost her right leg in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake but overcame struggles with pain and self-doubt. With support, she embraced her artificial leg, ran a half marathon, and now encourages others by sharing her story and even carrying the FISU torch in 2023.——牛钰是一位勇敢而鼓舞人心的女性：2008 年汶川地震中失去右腿，在与疼痛和自我怀疑的抗争中，她接纳了自己的假肢，跑完半程马拉松，如今通过分享自己的故事鼓励他人，还担任了 2023 年世界大学生夏季运动会的火炬手。 【知识点】 ▶验证三问对答案：雕塑为纪念地震幸存者而建；年轻女性勇敢自信；她在 2008 年汶川地震中失去右腿——初读只需抓「谁＋经历了什么＋现在怎样」。 （四）图表梳理 · 三阶段信息 Complete the chart about Niu Yu's story using the words and expressions from the passage. 用课文词句完成牛钰故事图表。 The disaster 灾难：A(n) 1 earthquake happened in Wenchuan in 2008. Niu Yu, an 11-year-old girl, lost her right leg.（2008 年汶川地震，11 岁的牛钰失去右腿） Recovery 复原：Niu Yu had to live with an artificial leg. It was not 2 comfortable. With the support of her family and friends, she slowly 3 came out from the shadows. In 2018, she stopped hiding her leg and got lots of 4 encouraging words. She also finished a half marathon.（假肢起初并不舒适；在亲友支持下慢慢走出阴影；2018 年她不再隐藏假肢，收到大量鼓励，并跑完半马） Now 当下：Niu Yu listens to disaster survivors and 5 encourages them to look forward. She carried the torch at the FISU World University Games in 2023. She showed the power of being 6 brave and facing the wounds and pain with 7 courage.（倾听幸存者并鼓励他们向前；2023 年担任大运会火炬手；展现勇敢面对伤痛的力量） 【知识点】 ▶图表三栏即文章三段：灾难（时间＋地点＋损失）→复原（困境＋支持＋转折点 2018）→当下（帮助他人＋高光时刻＋精神力量）——「过去之痛→走出之程→今日之光」的叙事弧线是暖心故事的通用骨架。 【提示框】 答案速查：1 earthquake 2 comfortable 3 came out 4 encouraging words 5 encourages 6 brave 7 courage——第 5 空主语 Niu Yu 三单要加 s。 牛钰故事图表梳理页 （五）深度思考 · 幸存者需要什么 Think and share 问题一：What might be the reason for Niu Yu to stop hiding her leg? 牛钰不再隐藏假肢的原因可能是什么？参考：关键原因可能是她不断增强的自我接纳和自由生活的渴望——多年的不适与羞怯之后，她意识到隐藏假肢只会束缚自己的生活；亲友的支持与内心的力量给了她拥抱自我的勇气；她也想挑战社会对残障的刻板印象，用行动告诉世人：美与自信有各种形态。 Think and share 问题二：What do you think is important for the survivors of natural disasters to get back to their lives? 幸存者重返生活需要什么？参考四个维度：心理支持（心理疏导、社区关怀）以抚平创伤、避免长期情感疤痕；社会接纳以重建尊严——像牛钰一样不因伤疤或缺失而被评判；实际资源（医疗、假肢、就业）以重获独立；希望与目标——通过鼓舞人心的故事、新的目标或帮助他人找到意义。 Learning to think：A natural disaster can change a person's life in many ways. It's important to consider all the effects before giving your help.——自然灾害会从多方面改变一个人的生活，施以援手前应考虑到所有影响。 【知识点】 ▶问题二按「心理支持／社会接纳／实际资源／希望与目标」四维作答——与图表三阶段呼应：复原阶段需要的支持，正是当下牛钰在为他人做的事。 【提示框】 答题先分角度再展开：只答「家人支持」一条就停笔是不够的——灾难改变生活的方式是多方面的，帮助也要多管齐下。 （六）标题探义 · Iron Girl 与引言 Answer the questions. 问题一：What does the title mean? 标题《Iron Girl》何意？参考：象征牛钰的坚强、韧性与不屈精神——失去一条腿后她依然如钢铁般坚强，勇敢面对挑战，不让残障定义自己；同时呼应她的金属假肢，把看似弱点的东西变成了力量的象征。 问题二：What does the expression "came out from the shadows" mean? 「走出阴影」何意？参考：指牛钰逐渐克服了不安与羞怯——地震后她隐藏假肢、在他人目光下感到不自在，仿佛活在情感的「阴影」中；随着时间的推移和支持，她重拾自信，停止躲藏，拥抱了真实的自我。 问题三：What is the meaning of Nora Ephron's words? 诺拉·艾芙隆的话「Above all, be the heroine of your life, not the victim.（最重要的是，做你自己人生的女主角，而不是受害者）」何意？参考：我们应当带着勇气和决心主动书写自己的人生，而不是让苦难消极地定义我们；牛钰正是如此——她没有把自己当作地震的受害者，而是成为了激励他人的榜样。 【知识点】 ▶三个问题指向同一主题：把「受害者叙事」改写为「主角叙事」——iron（铁）从冰冷的金属变成精神的隐喻，shadows（阴影）从处境变成可走出的阶段，victim（受害者）被 heroine（女主角）取代。 （七）写作支架 · 七问构思 【过渡语】读懂了牛钰的故事，现在轮到你来讲一个暖心故事——七问就是你的故事骨架。 Write another heart-warming story after a natural disaster. Step 1：Plan your story with the help of the questions. 用七个问题构思你的暖心故事——The disaster：1 What was the natural disaster? 2 When and where did it happen? 3 Who went through the disaster? Recovery：4 How did the person come out from the shadows of the disaster? 5 What were some touching moments? Now：6 How is the person's life now? 7 What can you learn from the story? Step 2：Write the story. Step 3 检查清单：Did you include the structure in Step 1? Did you use the words and expressions from the reading passage? Did you give your opinion about getting back to oneself after a disaster? Step 4：Share your story with the class. 【知识点】 ▶七问对应三段：灾难段答 1-3 问（是什么／何时何地／谁），复原段答 4-5 问（如何走出阴影／动人时刻），当下段答 6-7 问（现在怎样／学到什么）——牛钰的图表就是你写作的模板。 【提示框】 写作三自检：①结构齐全（灾难—复原—当下）；②用上课文词句（如 come out from the shadows／encouraging words）；③结尾亮出你对「走出灾难、重拾自我」的观点。 写作七问构思框架页 （八）范文引路 · Maria 的故事 读范文 A Heart-Warming Story：In 2013, Typhoon Haiyan, one of the strongest storms ever recorded, devastated the Philippines. Among the survivors was Maria, a 9-year-old girl who lost her home and parents in the disaster.（2013 年，史上最强风暴之一的台风海燕重创菲律宾，幸存者中有 9 岁女孩 Maria，她在灾难中失去了家园和父母。） For months, Maria lived in fear at a shelter, barely speaking. Then a volunteer teacher patiently taught her to express her feelings through drawing. The most touching moment came when Maria drew a picture of her family with the words, "They would want me to be happy." This breakthrough helped her begin healing.（数月里 Maria 在收容所沉默寡言；一位志愿者老师耐心教她用绘画表达情感；最动人的一幕是她画下全家并写下「他们会希望我快乐」——这个突破让她开始疗愈。） Now 19, Maria studies social work and volunteers at disaster relief centers. "I want to help others like people helped me," she says. Her story shows that even after great loss, kindness and purpose can rebuild broken hearts.（如今 19 岁的 Maria 学习社会工作，在救灾中心做志愿者——「我要像别人帮我那样去帮助别人」；巨大的失去之后，善意与目标感可以重建破碎的心。） 【知识点】 ▶范文对照七问自查：灾难段（Typhoon Haiyan, 2013, Philippines, Maria）→复原段（恐惧沉默→绘画突破）→当下段（19 岁学社工＋回馈社会＋观点句）——首尾各有「点题句」，中段「最动人的一幕」是暖心故事的心脏。 暖心故事范文页 （九）词汇精讲 · 四词联动 学习 fashion：搭配 follow fashion 追随时尚／out of fashion 过时——She always follows the latest fashion trends. 她总是追随最新的时尚潮流。Those shoes are now out of fashion. 那些鞋子现在已经过时了。 学习 encouraging：搭配 encouraging words 鼓励的话／encouraging results 令人振奋的结果——His encouraging words motivated me to keep trying. 他鼓励的话激励我继续努力。She gave me an encouraging smile before the exam. 考试前她给了我一个鼓舞的微笑。 学习 honour：搭配 great honour 莫大的荣幸／in honour of 为纪念——It was a great honour to meet the president. 见到总统是莫大的荣幸。The ceremony was held in honour of the heroes. 仪式是为纪念英雄们举行的。 学习 wound：搭配 deep wound 深深的伤口／heal the wound 治愈伤口——The soldier had a deep wound on his leg. 士兵腿上有道很深的伤口。Time can help heal the emotional wound. 时间有助于治愈情感创伤。 【提示框】 四词与课文一一呼应：encouraging words 是图表第 4 空，wound 呼应「facing the wounds and pain」，honor 类词呼应 2023 年火炬手的荣誉时刻——结合故事情节记搭配更牢固。 （十）随堂检测 限时独立完成随堂检测（本课词汇），完成后同桌互批，逐题核对订正。 1. fashion　2. encouraging　3. honour　4. wound 一、根据句意及汉语提示补全句子 1. 时装秀展示了许多创意设计。The _______________ show displayed many creative designs. 2. 团队收到了关于项目的振奋消息。The team received __________________ news about the project. 3. 他对工作有强烈的荣誉感。He has a strong sense of ________________ about his work. 4. 伤口很深需要立即缝合。The deep ______________ required immediate stitches. （十一）作业布置 Review the key words, expressions and sentence patterns in today's lesson. 复习本课重点词汇、短语与句型。 Write another heart-warming story after a natural disaster. 按七问框架完成并润色你的灾后暖心故事，下节课分享。 【提示框】 写完对照三自检清单：结构齐全吗？课文词句用了吗？观点句亮出来了吗？——三问都打勾再誊写。 语言点归纳 课堂总结 本课为单元读写课（第四课时）：自由谈话走近幸存者——Do you know any survivors of natural disasters? What do you think of them? 看图预测：What is the sculpture built for? What do you think of the young woman? What may have happened to her? 初读验证：Niu Yu is a brave and inspiring woman who lost her right leg in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake but overcame struggles with pain and self-doubt. With support, she embraced her artificial leg, ran a half marathon, and now encourages others by sharing her story and even carrying the FISU torch in 2023. 图表梳理三阶段——The disaster：A(n) earthquake happened in Wenchuan in 2008. Niu Yu, an 11-year-old girl, lost her right leg. Recovery：Niu Yu had to live with an artificial leg. It was not comfortable. With the support of her family and friends, she slowly came out from the shadows. In 2018, she stopped hiding her leg and got lots of encouraging words. She also finished a half marathon. Now：Niu Yu listens to disaster survivors and encourages them to look forward. She carried the torch at the FISU World University Games in 2023. She showed the power of being brave and facing the wounds and pain with courage. 深度思考：幸存者重返生活需要心理支持、社会接纳、实际资源、希望与目标四维支持——A natural disaster can change a person's life in many ways. It's important to consider all the effects before giving your help. 标题探义：Iron Girl 象征牛钰如钢铁般的坚韧，也呼应她的金属假肢——把弱点变成力量的象征；came out from the shadows 指走出不安与羞怯的「情感阴影」，拥抱真实自我；Nora Ephron 的话 Above all, be the heroine of your life, not the victim.——做人生的女主角，而不是受害者。写作迁移：按七问框架（灾难三问—复原两问—当下两问）写一篇灾后暖心故事，范文为 2013 年台风海燕中菲律宾 9 岁女孩 Maria 的故事。词汇聚焦 fashion, encouraging, honour, wound 四词搭配。随堂检测四题当堂闭环。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $