精品解析：北京市第十二中学2026-2027学年第一学期高一年级10月统一练习英语

北京十二中2026-2027学年第一学期高一年级10月统一练习 英语 2026.10 本试卷共6页，满分100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题纸交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 It was a lovely spring morning in the mountains of my hometown. The sky was blue, the sun was out, and the ____1____ was warm. As I drove along the winding road, I could see thousands of wild flowers. When I turned, I slowed as I saw some volunteers ____2____ rubbish along the roadside. I smiled as I saw them doing some “Spring Cleaning” for Mother Earth and my mind went back to another spring day long ago. When my children were younger, we used to walk along a road around the lake near our home. One spring day my daughter and I noticed just how much rubbish was lying along the road. The next day then we ____3____ a big rubbish bag with us and started to slowly collect the rubbish along our way. There were some cans, plastic bottles, ____4____ for candy bars and so on. We stopped and picked up each one and even ____5____ a few pieces of garbage out of the edge of the water. By the time we had ____6____ the lake, the bag was nearly full. Tired but happy, we put the bag in a rubbish can. We stopped before we ____7____ home and took one last look at the lake as the sun set. It looked more ____8____ than ever and I felt like all around us were looking at it with us and ____9____ our smiles. I know that at times this world’s problems can seem overpowering and you ____10____ what you can do to make a difference. But the truth is that everything you do makes a difference. 1. A. tree B. air C. grass D. road 2. A. giving out B. turning to C. taking back D. picking up 3. A. brought B. sent C. borrowed D. designed 4. A. shapes B. packages C. signs D. posters 5. A. saved B. raised C. burned D. fished 6. A. reached B. searched C. circled D. filled 7. A. escaped B. headed C. quitted D. arrived 8. A. beautiful B. common C. silent D. interesting 9. A. imagining B. observing C. sharing D. showing 10. A. decide B. wonder C. enjoy D. refuse 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者春日看到志愿者捡垃圾，回忆起曾和女儿绕湖捡垃圾的经历，感悟到小事也能带来改变。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：天空湛蓝，太阳出来了，空气温暖。A. tree树；B. air空气；C. grass草；D. road道路。根据上文“The sky was blue, the sun was out”以及下文“was warm”可知，描述的是春天早晨的整体环境，太阳出来后空气温暖。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我转弯时，我看到一些志愿者在路边捡垃圾，于是我放慢了速度。A. giving out分发；B. turning to转向；C. taking back拿回；D. picking up捡起。根据下文“I smiled as I saw them doing some “Spring Cleaning” for Mother Earth and my mind went back to another spring day long ago.”可知，作者看到志愿者在捡垃圾，回忆起自己和女儿捡垃圾的经历。故选D。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，我们带了一个大垃圾袋，开始慢慢地收集沿途的垃圾。A. brought带来；B. sent发送；C. borrowed借；D. designed设计。根据下文“a big rubbish bag with us and started to slowly collect the rubbish along our way”以及常识可知，要收集垃圾，需要先带上垃圾袋。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一些罐头、塑料瓶、糖果棒的包装纸等等。A. shapes形状；B. packages包装；C. signs标志；D. posters海报。根据下文“for candy bars”以及语境可知，此处在描述各种类型的垃圾，这里说的是糖果棒的包装纸。故选B。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们停下来捡起每一个，甚至从水边捞出了几块垃圾。A. saved拯救；B. raised提高；C. burned燃烧；D. fished捞取。根据下文“a few pieces of garbage out of the edge of the water”可知，此处表示从水边捞取垃圾。故选D。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们绕完湖时，袋子几乎满了。A. reached到达；B. searched搜索；C. circled绕……而行；D. filled填充。根据上文“we used to walk along a road around the lake near our home”可知，作者和女儿绕着湖走，所以此处表示的是绕完湖，袋子快装满了垃圾。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们回家前，我们停下来，在夕阳西下时最后看了一眼湖。A. escaped逃跑；B. headed朝……走去；C. quitted放弃；D. arrived到达。根据下文“home and took one last look at the lake as the sun set.”可知，此处表示结束后，作者和女儿朝家里走去。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它看起来比以往任何时候都更美丽，我觉得我们周围的一切都在和我们一起看着它，分享着我们的笑容。A. beautiful美丽的；B. common普通的；C. silent沉默的；D. interesting有趣的。根据下文“I felt like all around us were looking at it with us and ___9___ our smiles.”可知，此处在描述清理了垃圾之后，湖看起来更美丽。故选A。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它看起来比以往任何时候都更美丽，我觉得我们周围的一切都在和我们一起看着它，分享着我们的笑容。A. imagining想象；B. observing观察；C. sharing分享；D. showing展示。根据上文“It looked more ___8___ than ever and I felt like all around us were looking at it with us and”可知，大家一起为保护环境努力后看到美好的景象，所以此处表示在分享笑容。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道有时候这个世界的问题似乎让人难以承受，你想知道你能做些什么来改变现状。A. decide决定；B. wonder想知道；C. enjoy享受；D. refuse拒绝。根据下文“what you can do to make a difference.”可知，此处表示想知道能做什么来改变现状。故选B。 第二节 语言基础（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 11. Asian-American parents took a more _________ (reason) approach conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】reasonable 【解析】 【详解】句意：亚裔美国父母采取了一种更为合理的方式，向孩子传达学业上的成功能如何改善他们的生活。修饰名词用形容词reasonable，作定语。 12. In modern society, it is acceptable _________ men quit their jobs and stay at home to look after their families. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】句意：在现代社会，男性辞职在家照顾家人是可以被接受的。本句使用固定句型it is acceptable that...，it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。 13. The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based________ our present mental register.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】on 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：重读的美妙之处在于，我们与作品的联系是基于我们当前的心理记录。短语be based on表示“基于”。故填on。 14. The scenery in Jiuzhaigou is beautiful beyond _________ (describe), attracting a large number of tourists all over the world every year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】description 【解析】 【详解】句意：九寨沟的风景美得难以形容，每年吸引大量来自世界各地的游客。作介词的宾语，用名词description，短语beyond description表示“难以形容”。 15. _________ (know) the good news, Tony was so excited that he couldn’t sleep last night. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Knowing 【解析】 【详解】句意：得知这个好消息，托尼非常激动，昨晚无法入睡。主语Tony和know之间是主动关系，用现在分词作原因状语，句首单词首字母大写。 16. The Sanxingdui ruins ________ (belong) to the Shu Kingdom that existed at least 4,800 years ago and lasted more than 2,000 years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】belonged 【解析】 【详解】句意：三星堆遗址属于至少距今4800年、持续了2000多年的蜀王国。空处作谓语，结合后面从句中的“existed”和“lasted”可知，归属关系也发生在过去，应用一般过去时，所以用过去式belonged。 17. After _________ (return) from the trip to the mountain, the children were so hungry that they ate up all the food within a short time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】returning 【解析】 【详解】句意：从山里旅行回来之后，孩子们非常饥饿，很快吃光了所有食物。本空作介词after的宾语，用动名词returning。 18. In my opinion, it is necessary for you to have a good rest, _________ provides enough energy for you. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【解析】 【详解】句意：在我看来，你有必要好好休息，这会为你提供充足的精力。引导非限制性定语从句，修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which。 19. I _________ (send) to the village last month to see how the development plan had been carried out in the past two years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was sent 【解析】 【详解】句意：上个月我被派往那个村庄，了解过去两年发展计划的执行情况。主语I与动词send之间为被动关系，且时间状语last month表示过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语I对应的be动词为was。 20. I thought my grandfather would be too old to get to the top of Mount Tai, but he _________ (make) it at last. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】made 【解析】 【详解】句意：我原以为爷爷年纪太大，登不上泰山山顶，但他最终成功做到了。根据前面主句的thought可知，事情发生在过去，but后的句子时态用一般过去时，make的过去式为made。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Gap Year Volunteer Abroad Programme Ready to break free from the ordinary and start an exciting journey of change? Your gap year is your chance to discover what you’re truly capable of, and Projects Abroad is here to help you make it unforgettable. You’ll gain real-world experience and support communities in need at the same time. It’s an exciting and different way to start the next chapter of your life after high school. If you are looking to do something this autumn or winter, we recommend our Gap Projects: Gap Project 1: Peru & the Galapagos(8 weeks) Gap Project 2: Kenya & Tanzania (6 weeks) Gap Project 3: Nepal & Cambodia(10 weeks) On a gap year programme abroad after high school, the experience can be designed to benefit your exact interests and goals. You can explore a career you’re interested in, like medicine or law, and add relevant work experience to your resume (简历). We have options for students who’ve put off their university acceptance, and for those who don’t feel they’re ready for further education just yet. There’s a lot you can get involved in by volunteering abroad on your gap year. You can protect endangered ecosystems and wild animals on a Conservation Project. Or, give children the educational support they desperately need on a Childcare Project. If you’re eager to be more independent, we recommend joining Flexi Trips to personalize your gap year programme. All of our programmes focus on providing long-term, sustainable solutions. We don’t believe in quick fixes. So no matter how short or long your gap year abroad is, you’ll be part of ongoing efforts to make a real difference. 21. What can the programme help the volunteers to do? A. Take a break from busy school life. B. Get prepared for university admissions. C. Pay a visit to different foreign countries. D. Enrich experience and help communities. 22. Which can best meet one’s personal needs? A. Flexi Trips. B. Childcare Project. C. Gap Project to Peru. D. Conservation Project. 23. Who would be interested in the programme? A. A job hunter. B. An office worker. C. A college teacher. D. A high school graduate. 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几种为高中生准备的空档年海外志愿者项目。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“You’ll gain real-world experience and support communities in need at the same time.( 您将获得现实世界的经验，并同时支持有需要的社区)”可知，这个项目可以帮助志愿者丰富经验以及帮助社区。故选D项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“If you’re eager to be more independent, we recommend joining Flexi Trips to personalize your gap year programme.( 如果你渴望更独立，我们建议加入Flexi Trips，为你的空档年计划提供个性化服务)”可知，Flexi Trips最能满足个人需求。故选A项。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“It’s an exciting and different way to start the next chapter of your life after high school.( 这是一个令人兴奋和不同的方式开始你高中毕业后生活的下一个篇章)”可知，高中毕业生会对这个项目感兴趣。故选D项。 B About 15 years ago, Andrew McLindon, a business owner, was riding his bike in Austin, Texas, when he thought about a friend’s 12-year-old son. The boy had never known the joy of biking because he suffered from a brain condition that often caused balance disturbances. When he got home, he went online and found a three-wheeled bike with a seat belt, perfect for a child with balance issues. Soon the boy was cycling around the street with his peers, having fun and getting exercise. But there was more, as McLindon learned from his friend’s reaction after performing this small act of kindness. “To see his son interacting with other kids,” McLindon said, “I’ll never forget the smile on his face.” This smile touched Andrew’s heart and he wanted to help more children receive free special-needs bikes. And this led to the launch of the McLindon Family Foundation. Funded by donations, the group worked with local children’s hospitals to find children who can benefit from owning bikes and to help craft each bike to the particular needs of the child. A bike may include a headrest, a shoulder band, a seat belt, and a caregiver’s steering and braking system in the back. The bikes are expensive — $3,000 to $4,000, and that’s with the foundation’s large discount. For kids lucky enough to get one, they’re a life changer. When the foundation was just started, people thought a bike was not a necessity for children with medical conditions. However, the response changed afterwards, many thought biking not only strengthened muscles but also built confidence, most importantly, it made kids feel inclusive. “We worked with a 14-year-old who had a back problem,” said McLindon. She spent most days on the couch watching TV. Soon after she got her bike, she was training for special-needs bike-racing competitions. In a magazine interview, she said, “I always knew there was an athlete in me.” So far, the foundation has given away 450 bikes, and that’s just a start. “I do a lot of things. I run a lot of companies,” McLindon says. “But getting these kids their bikes is the most important thing that I do.” 24. What benefit can special-needs bikes bring? A. They can offer medical treatment. B. They can provide exercise and fun. C. They can relieve physical suffering. D. They can improve academic performance. 25. What inspired Andrew McLindon to start the Foundation? A. His enthusiasm for cycling. B. His ambition to start a new business. C. The goal to invent a new type of bike. D. The response from his friend. 26. What can we infer from paragraph 3? A. Children can get special bikes for free. B. Bikes were donated by the government. C. Biking can bring confidence and connection with others. D. People thought highly of the foundation at the beginning. 27. What can we learn from the story? A. Giving is receiving. B. Well begun is half done. C. Practice makes perfect. D. Hard work leads to success. 【答案】24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Andrew McLindon因帮助一位平衡障碍儿童体验骑行的快乐而创立基金会，通过捐赠定制自行车，让特殊需求儿童获得锻炼、信心和社交包容。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“When he got home, he went online and found a three-wheeled bike with a seat belt, perfect for a child with balance issues. Soon the boy was cycling around the street with his peers, having fun and getting exercise. (回到家后，他上网找到了一辆带安全带的三轮自行车，非常适合有平衡问题的孩子。很快，这个男孩就和他的同龄人一起在街上骑自行车，玩得开心，锻炼了身体。)”可知，特殊需求的自行车能提供锻炼和乐趣。故选B项。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中““To see his son interacting with other kids,” McLindon said, “I’ll never forget the smile on his face.” This smile touched Andrew’s heart and he wanted to help more children receive free special-needs bikes. And this led to the launch of the McLindon Family Foundation. (“看到他的儿子和其他孩子互动，”McLindon说，“我永远不会忘记他脸上的笑容。”这个微笑触动了Andrew的心，他想帮助更多的孩子获得免费的特殊需要的自行车。这导致了McLindon Family Foundation的成立。)”可知，朋友看到儿子骑车后的反应激励了Andrew McLindon创立基金会。故选D项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, the response changed afterwards, many thought biking not only strengthened muscles but also built confidence, most importantly, it made kids feel inclusive. (然而，之后的反应发生了变化，许多人认为骑自行车不仅可以增强肌肉，还可以建立信心，最重要的是，它让孩子们感到包容。)”可推知，骑行能带来信心和与他人的联结。故选C项。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中““To see his son interacting with other kids,” McLindon said, “I’ll never forget the smile on his face.” (“看到他的儿子和其他孩子互动，”McLindon说，“我永远不会忘记他脸上的笑容。”)”、第三段中“For kids lucky enough to get one, they’re a life changer. (对于那些有幸得到一个的孩子来说，它们改变了他们的生活。)”和最后一段中McLindon所说的话“But getting these kids their bikes is the most important thing that I do. (但让这些孩子拥有自行车是我做的最重要的事情。)”可知，McLindon因帮助了朋友的儿子获得满足感，决定创立基金会，而基金会改变了许多孩子的生活，让McLindon觉得自己做的事业非常有意义。由此可知，这个故事告诉我们“给予即是收获”。B. 好的开始是成功的一半；C. 熟能生巧；D. 努力导致成功。故选A项。 C Making predictions blocks the brain’s ability to remember the present moment, new research suggests. The hippocampus, a brain structure usually associated with remembering events, also uses experiences to make forecasts (neuroscientists call this “statistical learning”). But scientists writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA have now demonstrated that the latter (后者) function can interrupt the former. Researchers showed participants a series of photographs on a screen without telling them some image categories always followed others: mountains always came immediately after beaches, for example. The subjects were intended to subconsciously (潜意识地) learn these associations and begin to expect these pairings. Later, the participants were shown the same photos again, mixed in with new examples, and were asked if they had spotted any of them before. They accurately recalled seeing random images at a much better rate than the “predictive” ones (like the beach pictures). The scientists repeated this process while scanning participants’ brains with functional MRI. Each image category caused a specific neural activity pattern, and the patterns for “predicable” categories were seen in the hippocampus when the correlating predictive category was displayed. Moreover, the effect’s strength in fMRI correlated inversely with participants’ memory task scores. “The more evidence for prediction we saw, the worse their memory was for those predictive items,” such as a particular beach scene, says study lead author and Yale University cognitive neuroscientist Brynn Sherman. This suggests that predictive images activated the hippocampus to shift gears toward prediction — and away from encoding a new memory. The study is among the first to demonstrate how making predictions affects human memory. Scientists previously suspected that the hippocampus had a role in statistical learning but had not known how it interacts with memory formation. “This paper is a really nice demonstration of the trade-off where the hippocampus is doing both these things,” says University of Virginia cognitive neuroscientist Nicole Long, who was not involved in the research. The team says this trade-off occurs because remembering and predicting both use some of the same biological pathways. In the paper, the authors compare it with “using one’s right foot to operate both the brake and gas pedals in a car ... but not both at the same time.” This setup could prevent unnecessary memory storage and thus conserve brainpower, Sherman says: a successful prediction would contain the same information as an actual outcome. 28. What does the research focus on? A. The function of the hippocampus in remembering events. B. The impact of making predictions on human memory C. The development of statistical learning in the brain. D. The relationship between repetition and memory encoding 29. What does the underlined word “inversely” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Oppositely. B. Indirectly. C. Randomly. D. Occasionally. 30. In Paragraph 5, the comparison is used to ________. A. clarify difficulties in brain memory B. explain the brain’s multiple functions C. highlight the importance of the hippocampus D. show hippocampus’s switching role 31. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Secrets of the Hippocampus B. Prediction: A Memory Problem C. The Science of Statistical Learning D. The Brain’s Memory and Prediction Functions 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. D 31. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了新研究表明，大脑的预测功能会阻碍记忆当下，海马体在预测和记忆间存在权衡，二者共用部分生物通路，无法同时进行。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Making predictions blocks the brain’s ability to remember the present moment, new research suggests. The hippocampus, a brain structure usually associated with remembering events, also uses experiences to make forecasts (neuroscientists call this “statistical learning”). But scientists writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA have now demonstrated that the latter (后者) function can interrupt the former. (新的研究表明，做出预测会阻碍大脑记住当下时刻的能力。海马体是一种通常与记忆事件相关的大脑结构，它也利用经验进行预测（神经科学家称之为“统计学习”）。但是，在《美国国家科学院院刊》上发表文章的科学家们现在已经证明，后者的功能可以中断前者)”可知，该研究主要关注的是做出预测对人类记忆的影响。故选B。 【29题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Moreover, the effect’s strength in fMRI correlated inversely with participants’ memory task scores. (此外，功能磁共振成像中这种效应的强度与参与者的记忆任务得分的关系inversely)”以及后文“The more evidence for prediction we saw, the worse their memory was for those predictive items (我们看到的预测证据越多，他们对这些预测项目的记忆就越差)”可知，功能磁共振成像中，预测效应越强，记忆任务得分越低，这种预测效应的强度与参与者的记忆任务得分呈相反关系，划线单词inversely在此处意为“相反地”，与Oppositely意思相近。故选A。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“The team says this trade-off occurs because remembering and predicting both use some of the same biological pathways. In the paper, the authors compare it with “using one’s right foot to operate both the brake and gas pedals in a car ... but not both at the same time.” (该团队表示，之所以会出现这种权衡，是因为记忆和预测都使用了一些相同的生物途径。在这篇论文中，作者将其与“用右脚同时操作汽车的刹车和油门踏板……但不能同时踩两者”进行了比较)”可知，第五段中的这个比较是用来解释海马体在记忆和预测之间的切换作用，就像用右脚不能同时踩刹车和油门一样，海马体也不能同时专注于记忆和预测。故选D。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Making predictions blocks the brain’s ability to remember the present moment, new research suggests. (新的研究表明，做出预测会阻碍大脑记住当下时刻的能力)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了新的研究表明做出预测会阻碍大脑记住当下时刻的能力，特别是海马体在记忆和预测之间的切换作用。因此，“预测：一个记忆问题”最符合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B。 D In an era where consumers increasingly prioritize sustainability, companies are rushing to project an environmentally responsible image. Many label products “eco-friendly,” “carbon-neutral,” or “natural,” and advertise grand commitments to fight climate change. Yet behind these green slogans often lies a far less flattering reality: greenwashing, the practice of misleading consumers into believing a company or product is more environmentally sound than it actually is. Coined in the 1980s by environmentalist Jay Westerveld, the term “greenwashing” was inspired by hotels that placed “save the planet” cards in rooms to encourage towel reuse — while doing little to reduce energy use or plastic waste elsewhere. Today, greenwashing has evolved into a sophisticated corporate strategy. Common tactics include vague language (“environmentally friendly,” with no clear standard), irrelevant claims (a product labeled “CFC-free” when CFCs have been banned for decades), hidden trade-offs (promoting one green feature while ignoring severe pollution in other areas), and false certifications (using fake or meaningless eco-labels). A 2020 European Union study found that over 50% of environmental claims examined were vague, misleading, or entirely unfounded. In one high-profile case, a major oil company launched a $100 million “green energy” advertising campaign while spending less than 1% of its budget on renewable research. Such practices not only deceive consumers but also slow down real environmental progress: when people believe they are “voting with their wallets” for the planet, they may lose motivation to demand systemic change. Not all green marketing is greenwashing, of course. Genuine sustainability efforts are usually specific, verifiable, and backed by third-party certifications such as B Corp or Energy Star. The key difference lies in substance vs. symbolism: real green investment costs money and requires transparency, while greenwashing costs almost nothing and relies on ambiguity. As public awareness grows, regulators are starting to crack down. The European Union’s Green Claims Directive, set to take effect in 2026, will require companies to prove all environmental claims with scientific evidence. The U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has also updated its “Green Guides” to penalize deceptive advertising. Still, experts warn that greenwashing will persist as long as consumers reward “green” branding more than actual green performance. In the end, greenwashing is not just a marketing trick — it is a betrayal of public trust and a barrier to meaningful climate action. Until companies are held accountable for their words as well as their ads, the world will continue to confuse green paint with real green change. 32. Which of the following is a typical greenwashing tactic of irrelevant claims? A. A skincare brand calls its items “natural” without concrete definitions. B. A clothing brand marks products totally free of long-banned chemicals. C. An energy company runs green ads but cuts funds for eco-friendly projects. D. A snack brand uses unapproved eco-labels on all its packaged goods. 33. According to the passage, what is the key to addressing greenwashing? A. Raising public environmental awareness. B. Upgrading green guides to punish false ads. C. Holding firms accountable for green claims. D. Prioritizing honest environmental promotion. 34. Which is the best title for the passage? A. Green Promises to Nature B. Green Pursuits of Eco-ideals C. Green Bubbles in Business D. Green Wonders in Advertising 【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要揭示了企业“漂绿”现象的本质、常见手段及危害，并指出加强监管与落实问责才是解决之道。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。​ 根据第二段中“Today, greenwashing has evolved into a sophisticated corporate strategy. Common tactics include vague language (“environmentally friendly,” with no clear standard), irrelevant claims (a product labeled “CFC-free” when CFCs have been banned for decades), hidden trade-offs (promoting one green feature while ignoring severe pollution in other areas), and false certifications (using fake or meaningless eco-labels).(如今，“漂绿”已演变为一种精心策划的企业策略。常见手段包括：模糊话术（如宣称“环保”，却无明确标准）；无关声明（如产品标注“不含氟氯碳化物”，而此类物质其实已被禁用数十年）；隐性取舍（宣传某一环保特性，却对其他领域的严重污染视而不见）；以及虚假认证（使用伪造或毫无意义的生态标签）)”可知，宣传产品不含几十年前就已禁用的化学物质属于典型的“无关声明”类漂绿手段。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。​ 根据最后一段中“Until companies are held accountable for their words as well as their ads, the world will continue to confuse green paint with real green change.(除非企业既要为广告宣传负责，也要为自身承诺负责，否则世人会一直把表面的环保噱头错当成真正的环保变革)”可知，除非企业对它们的环保宣传话语负责，否则无法区分真假环保；因此，解决问题的关键是追究企业的责任。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。​ 根据第一段的“Yet behind these green slogans often lies a far less flattering reality: greenwashing, the practice of misleading consumers into believing a company or product is more environmentally sound than it actually is.(然而，在这些绿色口号的背后，往往隐藏着远没那么光鲜的现实：那就是“漂绿”——一种误导消费者、使其误以为某家公司或其产品比实际情况更为环保的行径)”以及全文可知，文章通篇围绕商业领域中虚假环保宣传——“漂绿”现象展开，揭露了其本质、手段及危害。所以“Green Bubbles(绿色泡沫)”生动比喻了这种看似繁荣实则虚假的商业假象，最能概括全文主旨。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you are a new person in a new school, it is normal to feel shy. ____35____ Here are several skills that help you overcome shyness and build new friendships. As soon as you hit the gate of your new school, try to appear easy to get along with by smiling naturally. A good and honest smile can make a difference. ____36____ Walk tall and smile at anyone who looks directly into your eyes. If someone chats with you unexpectedly, do not look away but look at him in the eye and don’t forget to smile. The classroom is another good place to make friends on a new campus. See your classmates and try introducing yourself. ____37____ A good ice-breaker is to find an item, such as a notebook, that your classmate has. This will lead to a deeper conversation that may continue on to other matters like a good introduction and even a social lunch with a new friend. ____38____ They will be the ones to open up chances for new communication. Gradually, you will be attending meetings and parties that the club or organization will be holding regularly. Eventually, you will fit in and totally let go of the shyness you felt on your first day. Say goodbye to shyness in a new school by following these very great skills. ____39____ If you continue to sit alone minding your own business, then you might, miss out on some of the most valuable friendships in your whole life. A. If you are too shy, you can start with a little joke or small talk to break the ice. B. It can greatly affect your personal charm, making you appear friendly and easy-going. C. They are all worth the effort. D. You will become the most popular person in school. E. However, it is unusual to stay shy the whole year and fail to make any new friends. F. It will bring you happiness and power. G. Another easy way to make new friends is by joining school clubs and organizations that the campus offers. 【答案】35. E 36. B 37. A 38. G 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了新生在新学校感到害羞很正常，同时给出了微笑、主动交流、加入社团等克服害羞、建立新友谊的实用技巧。 【35题详解】 上文“If you are a new person in a new school, it is normal to feel shy. (如果你是新学校的新生，感到害羞是很正常的。)”说明新生害羞很正常，下文“Here are several skills that help you overcome shyness and build new friendships. (这里有几个技巧可以帮助你克服害羞，建立新的友谊。)”引出解决办法。E选项“However, it is unusual to stay shy the whole year and fail to make any new friends. (然而，一整年都保持害羞且交不到任何新朋友是不常见的。)”通过转折承接上文“正常害羞”，并引出下文“克服害羞的技巧”，承上启下，符合语境。故选E。 【36题详解】 上文“A good and honest smile can make a difference. (一个真诚友善的微笑能带来很大不同。)”强调微笑的作用，下文围绕“抬头挺胸、与人对视时微笑”展开。B选项“It can greatly affect your personal charm, making you appear friendly and easy-going. (它能极大地影响你的个人魅力，让你显得友善且随和。)”具体解释了微笑的作用，承接上文“微笑能带来不同”，符合语境。故选B。 【37题详解】 上文“See your classmates and try introducing yourself. (看看你的同学，试着自我介绍。)”建议主动介绍自己，下文“A good ice-breaker is to find an item, such as a notebook, that your classmate has. (一个好的破冰方法是找到你同学的一件物品，比如笔记本。)”给出具体的破冰方法。A选项“If you are too shy, you can start with a little joke or small talk to break the ice. (如果你太害羞，可以从一个小笑话或闲聊开始破冰。)”既呼应上文“自我介绍”的建议，又衔接下文“破冰方式”，符合语境。故选A。 【38题详解】 下文“They will be the ones to open up chances for new communication. Gradually, you will be attending meetings and parties that the club or organization will be holding regularly. (它们将为新的沟通开辟机会。渐渐地，你会参加俱乐部或组织定期举行的会议和聚会。)”提到俱乐部和组织的作用。G选项“Another easy way to make new friends is by joining school clubs and organizations that the campus offers. (另一种简单的交朋友方式是加入学校提供的社团和组织。)”直接点明“加入社团组织” 这一方法，下文的They指代该选项中的school clubs and organizations，衔接自然，符合语境。故选G。 【39题详解】 上文“Say goodbye to shyness in a new school by following these very great skills. (遵循这些很棒的技巧，在新学校告别害羞吧。)”总结前文技巧，下文“If you continue to sit alone minding your own business, then you might, miss out on some of the most valuable friendships in your whole life. (如果你继续独自坐着做自己的事，那么你可能会错过一生中一些最宝贵的友谊。)”从反面强调不行动的后果。C选项“They are all worth the effort. (这些努力都是值得的。)”肯定前文技巧的价值，鼓励读者付诸行动，承接上文“技巧”并引出下文“不行动的遗憾”，符合语境。故选C。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题，每小题3分，共12分） 翻译句子，请在答题卡指定区域作答。 40. 为了提高参与度，老师组织了辩论，这些辩论促进了课堂参与，鼓励了更为寡言少语的学生发言。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】To boost participation, the teacher organized debates, which promoted classroom engagement and encouraged more reticent students to speak up. 【解析】 【详解】“为了提高参与度”表达为动词不定式短语To boost participation，置于句首作目的状语；“老师”表达为名词the teacher，作主句主语；“组织了”表达为动词organize，作谓语动词，结合“组织了”以及句意可知，此句陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，即organized；“辩论”表达为复数名词debates，作organized的宾语；“这些辩论”引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词debates，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语，从句用关系代词which引导；“促进了”表达为动词promote，结合语境陈述过去发生的事，用一般过去时，即promoted，“课堂参与”表达为名词短语classroom engagement，作promoted的宾语；“鼓励了”表达为动词encourage，同样用一般过去时encouraged，“更为寡言少语的”表达为形容词比较级more reticent，修饰名词students，“发言”表达为动词短语speak up，结合encourage sb. to do sth. 的句型，整体表达为encouraged more reticent students to speak up。 41. 细胞自噬（Autophagy）是一个有趣的科学概念，但如果有人想要为了减肥而改变他们的饮食习惯，它必须被谨慎对待，并且伴随医疗指导。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Autophagy is an interesting scientific concept, but if someone wants to change their diet for weight loss, it must be approached with caution and accompanied by medical guidance. 【解析】 【详解】“细胞自噬”表达为名词Autophagy，作句子主语；“是一个有趣的科学概念”表达为系表结构is an interesting scientific concept，结合句意可知，此句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“但是”表达为并列连词 but，连接前后两个分句；“如果”表达为从属连词if，引导条件状语从句；“有人”表达为不定代词someone，作从句主语；“想要”表达为动词短语wants to；“为了减肥”表达为目的状语for weight loss；“改变他们的饮食习惯”表达为动词短语change their diet，作wants to 的宾语；“它”表达为代词it，指代改变饮食习惯这件事，作主句主语；“必须被谨慎对待”表达为含有情态动词的被动语态must be approached with caution，其中with caution作方式状语，表达“谨慎地”；“并且”表达为并列连词and，连接两个并列的被动语态结构；“伴随医疗指导”表达为被动语态accompanied by medical guidance，与前面的approached with caution 构成并列谓语。 42. 尽管用户可能会觉得被人工智能伴侣接纳和关心，但这些系统并不需要用户给它们接纳或支持作为回报。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although users may feel accepted and cared for by AI companions, these systems do not require users to offer acceptance or support in return. 【解析】 【详解】“尽管”表达为连词Although，引导让步状语从句；“用户”表达为名词users，作从句主语；“可能会觉得”表达为情态动词加系动词的短语may feel，结合句意陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“被人工智能伴侣接纳和关心”表达为被动语态的形容词短语accepted and cared for by AI companions，作feel的表语；“但是”表示转折，引出主句，与although不连用；“这些系统”表达为名词短语these systems，作主句主语；表示“要求某人去做”用require sb to do sth，此处表示“并不需要”表达为一般现在时的否定谓语动词短语do not require；“用户给它们接纳或支持作为回报”表达为动词不定式短语to offer acceptance or support in return，其中in return 表达“作为回报”为介词短语作状语。 43. 那么，错误就成为学习的一部分而非失败的证据，将成长与自我价值感明确区分开来。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Then, mistakes become part of learning rather than evidence of failure, clearly distinguishing growth from self-worth. 【解析】 【详解】“那么”表达为副词Then，置于句首作过渡词；“错误”表达为复数名词mistakes，作句子主语；“成为”表达为动词短语become，结合句意可知，此句陈述的是一种客观规律或普遍真理，故谓语动词用一般现在时；“学习的一部分”表达为名词短语part of learning，作become的表语；“而非”表达为连词短语rather than，连接两个并列成分；“失败的证据”表达为名词短语evidence of failure，与前面的“学习的一部分”形成对比；“将……与……明确区分开来”表达为动词短语distinguish A from B，即distinguish growth from self-worth，结合句意可知，此处表示主句动作带来的自然而然的结果或伴随状态，故使用现在分词形式clearly distinguishing作伴随状语。 第二节（共20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的外国好友Jim发来邮件，询问你升入高中后的学习收获。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.描述你在学习中做出的一项改变； 2.分析这项改变对你的学习产生的积极影响。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, How’s everything going? I'm writing to share a small but transformative change I’ve made in my studies — I’ve switched to using mind maps for note-taking. Let me explain how this simple shift has helped me through my learning. In the past, when doing listening exercises, I used to take down some isolated phrases from the English listening materials. But when I tried mind maps, everything shifted. This visual web doesn’t just organize facts — it reveals connections I’ve never noticed before, and transforms audio clips into clear, structured and meaningful ideas. This approach has not only boosted my memory but also sparked my creativity. How about you? Any “mind map moments” in your studies? Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外国好友Jim发来邮件，告诉他关于自己升入高中后的学习收获。 【详解】1.词汇积累 写下：take down→write down 单独的：isolated→separated 改变：shift→change 方法：approach→method 2.句式拓展 同义句 原句：This approach has not only boosted my memory but also sparked my creativity. 拓展句：Not only has this approach boosted my memory but it also sparked my creativity. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Let me explain how this simple shift has helped me through my learning.（运用了how引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】In the past, when doing listening exercises, I used to take down some isolated phrases from the English listening materials.（运用了状语从句的省略） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京十二中2026-2027学年第一学期高一年级10月统一练习 英语 2026.10 本试卷共6页，满分100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题纸交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 It was a lovely spring morning in the mountains of my hometown. The sky was blue, the sun was out, and the ____1____ was warm. As I drove along the winding road, I could see thousands of wild flowers. When I turned, I slowed as I saw some volunteers ____2____ rubbish along the roadside. I smiled as I saw them doing some “Spring Cleaning” for Mother Earth and my mind went back to another spring day long ago. When my children were younger, we used to walk along a road around the lake near our home. One spring day my daughter and I noticed just how much rubbish was lying along the road. The next day then we ____3____ a big rubbish bag with us and started to slowly collect the rubbish along our way. There were some cans, plastic bottles, ____4____ for candy bars and so on. We stopped and picked up each one and even ____5____ a few pieces of garbage out of the edge of the water. By the time we had ____6____ the lake, the bag was nearly full. Tired but happy, we put the bag in a rubbish can. We stopped before we ____7____ home and took one last look at the lake as the sun set. It looked more ____8____ than ever and I felt like all around us were looking at it with us and ____9____ our smiles. I know that at times this world’s problems can seem overpowering and you ____10____ what you can do to make a difference. But the truth is that everything you do makes a difference. 1. A. tree B. air C. grass D. road 2. A. giving out B. turning to C. taking back D. picking up 3. A. brought B. sent C. borrowed D. designed 4. A. shapes B. packages C. signs D. posters 5. A. saved B. raised C. burned D. fished 6. A. reached B. searched C. circled D. filled 7. A. escaped B. headed C. quitted D. arrived 8. A. beautiful B. common C. silent D. interesting 9. A. imagining B. observing C. sharing D. showing 10. A. decide B. wonder C. enjoy D. refuse 第二节 语言基础（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 11. Asian-American parents took a more _________ (reason) approach conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12. In modern society, it is acceptable _________ men quit their jobs and stay at home to look after their families. (用适当的词填空) 13. The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based________ our present mental register.(用适当的词填空) 14. The scenery in Jiuzhaigou is beautiful beyond _________ (describe), attracting a large number of tourists all over the world every year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15. _________ (know) the good news, Tony was so excited that he couldn’t sleep last night. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16. The Sanxingdui ruins ________ (belong) to the Shu Kingdom that existed at least 4,800 years ago and lasted more than 2,000 years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17. After _________ (return) from the trip to the mountain, the children were so hungry that they ate up all the food within a short time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18. In my opinion, it is necessary for you to have a good rest, _________ provides enough energy for you. (用适当的词填空) 19. I _________ (send) to the village last month to see how the development plan had been carried out in the past two years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20. I thought my grandfather would be too old to get to the top of Mount Tai, but he _________ (make) it at last. (所给词的适当形式填空) 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Gap Year Volunteer Abroad Programme Ready to break free from the ordinary and start an exciting journey of change? Your gap year is your chance to discover what you’re truly capable of, and Projects Abroad is here to help you make it unforgettable. You’ll gain real-world experience and support communities in need at the same time. It’s an exciting and different way to start the next chapter of your life after high school. If you are looking to do something this autumn or winter, we recommend our Gap Projects: Gap Project 1: Peru & the Galapagos(8 weeks) Gap Project 2: Kenya & Tanzania (6 weeks) Gap Project 3: Nepal & Cambodia(10 weeks) On a gap year programme abroad after high school, the experience can be designed to benefit your exact interests and goals. You can explore a career you’re interested in, like medicine or law, and add relevant work experience to your resume (简历). We have options for students who’ve put off their university acceptance, and for those who don’t feel they’re ready for further education just yet. There’s a lot you can get involved in by volunteering abroad on your gap year. You can protect endangered ecosystems and wild animals on a Conservation Project. Or, give children the educational support they desperately need on a Childcare Project. If you’re eager to be more independent, we recommend joining Flexi Trips to personalize your gap year programme. All of our programmes focus on providing long-term, sustainable solutions. We don’t believe in quick fixes. So no matter how short or long your gap year abroad is, you’ll be part of ongoing efforts to make a real difference. 21. What can the programme help the volunteers to do? A. Take a break from busy school life. B. Get prepared for university admissions. C. Pay a visit to different foreign countries. D. Enrich experience and help communities. 22. Which can best meet one’s personal needs? A. Flexi Trips. B. Childcare Project. C. Gap Project to Peru. D. Conservation Project. 23. Who would be interested in the programme? A. A job hunter. B. An office worker. C. A college teacher. D. A high school graduate. B About 15 years ago, Andrew McLindon, a business owner, was riding his bike in Austin, Texas, when he thought about a friend’s 12-year-old son. The boy had never known the joy of biking because he suffered from a brain condition that often caused balance disturbances. When he got home, he went online and found a three-wheeled bike with a seat belt, perfect for a child with balance issues. Soon the boy was cycling around the street with his peers, having fun and getting exercise. But there was more, as McLindon learned from his friend’s reaction after performing this small act of kindness. “To see his son interacting with other kids,” McLindon said, “I’ll never forget the smile on his face.” This smile touched Andrew’s heart and he wanted to help more children receive free special-needs bikes. And this led to the launch of the McLindon Family Foundation. Funded by donations, the group worked with local children’s hospitals to find children who can benefit from owning bikes and to help craft each bike to the particular needs of the child. A bike may include a headrest, a shoulder band, a seat belt, and a caregiver’s steering and braking system in the back. The bikes are expensive — $3,000 to $4,000, and that’s with the foundation’s large discount. For kids lucky enough to get one, they’re a life changer. When the foundation was just started, people thought a bike was not a necessity for children with medical conditions. However, the response changed afterwards, many thought biking not only strengthened muscles but also built confidence, most importantly, it made kids feel inclusive. “We worked with a 14-year-old who had a back problem,” said McLindon. She spent most days on the couch watching TV. Soon after she got her bike, she was training for special-needs bike-racing competitions. In a magazine interview, she said, “I always knew there was an athlete in me.” So far, the foundation has given away 450 bikes, and that’s just a start. “I do a lot of things. I run a lot of companies,” McLindon says. “But getting these kids their bikes is the most important thing that I do.” 24. What benefit can special-needs bikes bring? A. They can offer medical treatment. B. They can provide exercise and fun. C. They can relieve physical suffering. D. They can improve academic performance. 25. What inspired Andrew McLindon to start the Foundation? A. His enthusiasm for cycling. B. His ambition to start a new business. C. The goal to invent a new type of bike. D. The response from his friend. 26. What can we infer from paragraph 3? A. Children can get special bikes for free. B. Bikes were donated by the government. C. Biking can bring confidence and connection with others. D. People thought highly of the foundation at the beginning. 27. What can we learn from the story? A. Giving is receiving. B. Well begun is half done. C. Practice makes perfect. D. Hard work leads to success. C Making predictions blocks the brain’s ability to remember the present moment, new research suggests. The hippocampus, a brain structure usually associated with remembering events, also uses experiences to make forecasts (neuroscientists call this “statistical learning”). But scientists writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA have now demonstrated that the latter (后者) function can interrupt the former. Researchers showed participants a series of photographs on a screen without telling them some image categories always followed others: mountains always came immediately after beaches, for example. The subjects were intended to subconsciously (潜意识地) learn these associations and begin to expect these pairings. Later, the participants were shown the same photos again, mixed in with new examples, and were asked if they had spotted any of them before. They accurately recalled seeing random images at a much better rate than the “predictive” ones (like the beach pictures). The scientists repeated this process while scanning participants’ brains with functional MRI. Each image category caused a specific neural activity pattern, and the patterns for “predicable” categories were seen in the hippocampus when the correlating predictive category was displayed. Moreover, the effect’s strength in fMRI correlated inversely with participants’ memory task scores. “The more evidence for prediction we saw, the worse their memory was for those predictive items,” such as a particular beach scene, says study lead author and Yale University cognitive neuroscientist Brynn Sherman. This suggests that predictive images activated the hippocampus to shift gears toward prediction — and away from encoding a new memory. The study is among the first to demonstrate how making predictions affects human memory. Scientists previously suspected that the hippocampus had a role in statistical learning but had not known how it interacts with memory formation. “This paper is a really nice demonstration of the trade-off where the hippocampus is doing both these things,” says University of Virginia cognitive neuroscientist Nicole Long, who was not involved in the research. The team says this trade-off occurs because remembering and predicting both use some of the same biological pathways. In the paper, the authors compare it with “using one’s right foot to operate both the brake and gas pedals in a car ... but not both at the same time.” This setup could prevent unnecessary memory storage and thus conserve brainpower, Sherman says: a successful prediction would contain the same information as an actual outcome. 28. What does the research focus on? A. The function of the hippocampus in remembering events. B. The impact of making predictions on human memory C. The development of statistical learning in the brain. D. The relationship between repetition and memory encoding 29. What does the underlined word “inversely” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Oppositely. B. Indirectly. C. Randomly. D. Occasionally. 30. In Paragraph 5, the comparison is used to ________. A. clarify difficulties in brain memory B. explain the brain’s multiple functions C. highlight the importance of the hippocampus D. show hippocampus’s switching role 31. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Secrets of the Hippocampus B. Prediction: A Memory Problem C. The Science of Statistical Learning D. The Brain’s Memory and Prediction Functions D In an era where consumers increasingly prioritize sustainability, companies are rushing to project an environmentally responsible image. Many label products “eco-friendly,” “carbon-neutral,” or “natural,” and advertise grand commitments to fight climate change. Yet behind these green slogans often lies a far less flattering reality: greenwashing, the practice of misleading consumers into believing a company or product is more environmentally sound than it actually is. Coined in the 1980s by environmentalist Jay Westerveld, the term “greenwashing” was inspired by hotels that placed “save the planet” cards in rooms to encourage towel reuse — while doing little to reduce energy use or plastic waste elsewhere. Today, greenwashing has evolved into a sophisticated corporate strategy. Common tactics include vague language (“environmentally friendly,” with no clear standard), irrelevant claims (a product labeled “CFC-free” when CFCs have been banned for decades), hidden trade-offs (promoting one green feature while ignoring severe pollution in other areas), and false certifications (using fake or meaningless eco-labels). A 2020 European Union study found that over 50% of environmental claims examined were vague, misleading, or entirely unfounded. In one high-profile case, a major oil company launched a $100 million “green energy” advertising campaign while spending less than 1% of its budget on renewable research. Such practices not only deceive consumers but also slow down real environmental progress: when people believe they are “voting with their wallets” for the planet, they may lose motivation to demand systemic change. Not all green marketing is greenwashing, of course. Genuine sustainability efforts are usually specific, verifiable, and backed by third-party certifications such as B Corp or Energy Star. The key difference lies in substance vs. symbolism: real green investment costs money and requires transparency, while greenwashing costs almost nothing and relies on ambiguity. As public awareness grows, regulators are starting to crack down. The European Union’s Green Claims Directive, set to take effect in 2026, will require companies to prove all environmental claims with scientific evidence. The U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has also updated its “Green Guides” to penalize deceptive advertising. Still, experts warn that greenwashing will persist as long as consumers reward “green” branding more than actual green performance. In the end, greenwashing is not just a marketing trick — it is a betrayal of public trust and a barrier to meaningful climate action. Until companies are held accountable for their words as well as their ads, the world will continue to confuse green paint with real green change. 32. Which of the following is a typical greenwashing tactic of irrelevant claims? A. A skincare brand calls its items “natural” without concrete definitions. B. A clothing brand marks products totally free of long-banned chemicals. C. An energy company runs green ads but cuts funds for eco-friendly projects. D. A snack brand uses unapproved eco-labels on all its packaged goods. 33. According to the passage, what is the key to addressing greenwashing? A. Raising public environmental awareness. B. Upgrading green guides to punish false ads. C. Holding firms accountable for green claims. D. Prioritizing honest environmental promotion. 34. Which is the best title for the passage? A. Green Promises to Nature B. Green Pursuits of Eco-ideals C. Green Bubbles in Business D. Green Wonders in Advertising 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you are a new person in a new school, it is normal to feel shy. ____35____ Here are several skills that help you overcome shyness and build new friendships. As soon as you hit the gate of your new school, try to appear easy to get along with by smiling naturally. A good and honest smile can make a difference. ____36____ Walk tall and smile at anyone who looks directly into your eyes. If someone chats with you unexpectedly, do not look away but look at him in the eye and don’t forget to smile. The classroom is another good place to make friends on a new campus. See your classmates and try introducing yourself. ____37____ A good ice-breaker is to find an item, such as a notebook, that your classmate has. This will lead to a deeper conversation that may continue on to other matters like a good introduction and even a social lunch with a new friend. ____38____ They will be the ones to open up chances for new communication. Gradually, you will be attending meetings and parties that the club or organization will be holding regularly. Eventually, you will fit in and totally let go of the shyness you felt on your first day. Say goodbye to shyness in a new school by following these very great skills. ____39____ If you continue to sit alone minding your own business, then you might, miss out on some of the most valuable friendships in your whole life. A. If you are too shy, you can start with a little joke or small talk to break the ice. B. It can greatly affect your personal charm, making you appear friendly and easy-going. C. They are all worth the effort. D. You will become the most popular person in school. E. However, it is unusual to stay shy the whole year and fail to make any new friends. F. It will bring you happiness and power. G. Another easy way to make new friends is by joining school clubs and organizations that the campus offers. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题，每小题3分，共12分） 翻译句子，请在答题卡指定区域作答。 40. 为了提高参与度，老师组织了辩论，这些辩论促进了课堂参与，鼓励了更为寡言少语的学生发言。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 41. 细胞自噬（Autophagy）是一个有趣的科学概念，但如果有人想要为了减肥而改变他们的饮食习惯，它必须被谨慎对待，并且伴随医疗指导。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 42. 尽管用户可能会觉得被人工智能伴侣接纳和关心，但这些系统并不需要用户给它们接纳或支持作为回报。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 43. 那么，错误就成为学习的一部分而非失败的证据，将成长与自我价值感明确区分开来。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（共20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的外国好友Jim发来邮件，询问你升入高中后的学习收获。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.描述你在学习中做出的一项改变； 2.分析这项改变对你的学习产生的积极影响。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $