Unit 6 Pollution项目式分层作业2026-2027学年沪教版·五四学制英语九年级上册

2026-10-12
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上海市九年级英语(沪教版·五四学制)上册 Unit 6 Pollution 分层作业 (2026—2027学年 第一学期) 一、作品基础信息 作品名称 上海市九年级英语上册 Unit 6 Pollution 分层作业 学科·学段 初中英语 · 九年级(五四学制,第一学期) 教材版本 沪教版(五四学制·牛津上海版)英语九年级上册(2026年秋版) 单元名称 Unit 6 Pollution 单元主题 人与自然——环境保护(认识污染、防治污染) 教材板块 A Knowing about pollution(Viewing and listening);B Speaking;C Reading(A teenager's solution to plastic pollution);Grammar(一般将来时被动语态);D Writing;Discovery;E Project 作业类型 单元分层作业(基础巩固层/能力提升层/拓展创新层) 适用对象 九年级学生(按学习水平分层选做) 建议用时 基础层约20分钟,能力层约20分钟,拓展层约15分钟,书面作业总时长控制在60分钟以内 作业总量 共12道大题;其中基础巩固层(必做)5题、能力提升层(选做)4题、拓展创新层(挑战)3题 设计依据 《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》;国家“双减”政策关于作业总量控制与分层设计的要求 排版规范 标题—黑体三号加粗居中;一级标题—宋体四号加粗;二级标题—宋体小四加粗;正文—宋体五号;英文、数字、公式—Times New Roman;拼音—汉语拼音体;公式—Microsoft公式(OMML)编辑 设计者/审核 设计:×××  审核:××× 二、设计背景与意图 (一)政策与课标依据 《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》将主题范畴划分为“人与自我”“人与社会”“人与自然”三大类。本单元话题“Pollution”属于“人与自然”范畴下的“环境保护”子主题,要求学生能用英语描述环境污染现象、分析成因与危害,并提出合理的应对措施,在语言学习中形成环保意识与社会责任感。 同时,依据国家“双减”政策关于“控制作业总量、提高作业设计质量、体现分层与弹性”的要求,本次作业坚持“减量提质、因材施教”,通过基础巩固层、能力提升层、拓展创新层三级任务,使不同水平的学生都能在适切难度中获得成功体验。 (二)教材与学情分析 本单元以“污染”为核心话题,围绕“认识污染—分析危害—解决问题”的逻辑线索展开。核心语言包括污染与环保类词汇(pollution, soil, harmful, solution, vehicle 等)、核心短语(break down, be harmful to, go after, pick up, stand out 等),以及核心语法“一般将来时被动语态”。阅读语篇 A teenager's solution to plastic pollution 讲述了15岁少年索菲设计水下机器人(ROV)清理海洋微塑料的故事,兼具语言学习价值与育人价值。 九年级学生已系统学习过一般现在时、一般过去时的被动语态,具备一定的词根词缀意识与阅读策略,但对被动结构的“be 不可省”“使役动词还原 to”“短语动词不丢介词”等考点仍易出错;在语言输出方面,词汇与话题储备尚可,但“想得起来、写不出来”的现象较为普遍。因此本作业在夯实基础的同时,重点通过语境化练习帮助学生实现从“记词”到“用词”的过渡。 (三)设计意图 1. 分层递进,尊重差异。基础巩固层面向全体学生,聚焦词汇、短语与语法基础,确保“保底”;能力提升层指向语篇理解与语言运用,实现“提能”;拓展创新层通过书面表达与项目式任务,鼓励学有余力的学生“登高”。 2. 情境贯穿,学用结合。所有题目尽量置于真实、连贯的环保情境中(校园塑料污染、海洋微塑料、垃圾分类等),引导学生在解决真实问题的过程中运用语言,避免孤立、机械的操练。 3. 素养导向,育人为本。作业不止于语言知识的巩固,更通过索菲的励志故事与“绿色校园”倡议,引导学生体会“每个人都能带来改变”,实现语言能力与思维品质、文化意识、学习能力的协同发展。 4. 弹性布置,减负增效。三层作业在时间与难度上梯度明确,教师可依据学情选择性布置,保证书面作业总量不超过60分钟。 (四)完成方式与实施建议 基础巩固层与能力提升层的书面部分在课后独立完成;拓展创新层的项目式作业以4—6人小组合作形式完成,于下一课时用英文进行2分钟展示。教师在下发作业时可附“学法提示”,指导学生先回顾课本再作答。 三、作业目标 (一)语言能力目标 1. 能正确认读、拼写本单元核心词汇(pollution, soil, harmful, solution, vehicle, spill 等),掌握其词性变化与常见搭配。 2. 能准确运用 break down, be harmful to, pick up, go after, stand out, take action 等核心短语进行表达。 3. 能理解并运用“一般将来时被动语态”(will be + 过去分词;be going to be + 过去分词)描述未来将要发生的动作,做到肯定、否定、疑问句式的正确转换。 4. 能读懂环保主题语篇,获取主旨与细节信息,并进行简单推理;能围绕“环保倡议”完成一封110—130词的英语倡议信。 (二)思维品质目标 能按“现象—成因—危害—措施”的逻辑框架梳理污染问题,对信息进行分类、概括与推断;在项目式学习中比较不同解决方案的利弊,发展分析与批判性思维。 (三)文化意识目标 了解中西方在垃圾分类、塑料治理等方面的环保实践,理解“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理念,增强社会责任感与人类命运共同体意识。 (四)学习能力目标 能借助构词法(-tion, -ful, re- 等)自主归纳记忆词汇;能使用思维导图、词汇图卡等工具整理知识;能在小组合作中主动沟通、分工协作,学会自我评价与反思。 (五)分层目标 基础巩固层:全体学生达成语言能力目标1—2及语法目标3的基础运用;能力提升层:中等及以上学生达成目标3的综合运用与目标4的语篇理解;拓展创新层:学有余力的学生达成目标4的书面表达与项目化实践。 四、作业内容与目标对应表 层级 题号与题型 作业内容概要 对应目标 核心素养 预计时长 难度 基础巩固层(必做) (一)单词拼写 根据首字母提示写出本单元核心词汇 语言能力目标1 语言能力 3分钟 ★ (二)词形变化 用所给单词的适当形式填空,考查词性转换 语言能力目标1 语言能力 4分钟 ★★ (三)短语互译 英汉互译,巩固单元核心短语 语言能力目标2 语言能力 4分钟 ★ (四)单项选择 在环保语境中辨析一般将来时被动语态 语言能力目标3 语言能力 5分钟 ★★ (五)完成句子 根据汉语提示补全句子,运用被动语态 语言能力目标3 语言能力 4分钟 ★★ 能力提升层(选做) (六)句型转换 主动语态与将来时被动语态互换 语言能力目标3 语言能力·思维品质 5分钟 ★★★ (七)选词填空 在语篇中运用核心短语的适当形式 语言能力目标2、3 语言能力 5分钟 ★★★ (八)阅读理解 阅读索菲与ROV语篇,获取细节并推理 语言能力目标4 思维品质·文化意识 6分钟 ★★★ (九)补全对话 就污染话题完成交际对话 语言能力目标2、4 语言能力·文化意识 4分钟 ★★ 拓展创新层(挑战) (十)任务型阅读 阅读短文并回答问题,用被动语态输出 思维品质·语言能力目标3、4 思维品质 5分钟 ★★★★ (十一)书面表达 给林校长写一封环保倡议信(110—130词) 语言能力目标4·文化意识 语言能力·文化意识 12分钟 ★★★★ (十二)项目式作业 小组合作制作“环保行动手册”并英文展示 四维目标综合达成 学习能力·思维品质 课外一周 ★★★★★ 五、作业评价 (一)评价理念与方式 坚持“教学评一致性”,采用过程性评价与终结性评价相结合的方式。基础巩固层与能力提升层以教师批阅为主,辅以同桌互评;拓展创新层引入小组互评与学生自评,重点关注思维过程、合作表现与语言运用,而非单纯的语言错误。 (二)分层评价量表 评价维度 评价标准 优(A) 良(B) 待提高(C) 学习态度 按时完成、书写规范、独立作答,能主动订正 全部达成 基本达成 部分达成 词汇与语法 核心词汇拼写正确;能准确运用一般将来时被动语态 错误≤2处 错误3—5处 错误>5处 语篇理解 能获取主旨与细节,作出合理推断,准确率≥80% 准确率≥80% 准确率60%—79% 准确率<60% 书面表达 要点齐全、结构清晰、语言准确、书写连贯 要点齐全,语言准确 要点较全,有少量错误 要点欠缺,错误较多 实践与创新 小组合作有效,手册内容完整,英文展示清晰 表现突出 表现良好 有待加强 (三)批改与反馈建议 1. 基础题采用“全批全改+错题集中讲评”,重点讲清一般将来时被动语态的易错点;选做题与挑战题采用“等级+评语”方式,重在激励。 2. 建议建立“错题档案”,要求学生将典型错误(如 will 后漏掉 be、使役动词被动未还原 to 等)整理归档,定期复习。 3. 优秀倡议信与环保手册可在班级“绿色角”展示,并以英文小报形式向全校推广,实现“作业成果化”。 六、试题详情 说明:本作业按“基础巩固层—能力提升层—拓展创新层”三层设计。基础层为必做,能力层为选做,拓展层为挑战。请同学们根据自己的学习情况,在教师的指导下逐层完成,量力而行。 【基础巩固层】(A组·必做) (一)根据首字母提示完成单词 1. Air p__________ is a serious problem in many big cities. 2. Plastic waste is h__________ to ocean animals. 3. We need a practical s__________ to the problem of pollution. 4. The oil s________ caused great damage to the sea. 5. Farmers should protect the s________ so that plants can grow well. (二)用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The lake was seriously __________ (pollute) by the nearby chemical factory. 2. Air __________ (pollute) has become one of the most serious problems in modern cities. 3. __________ (compare) with ten years ago, the air here is much cleaner now. 4. Her __________ (solve) to the problem is really creative. 5. New energy __________ (vehicle) help reduce air pollution. (三)英汉短语互译 1. 对……有害 __________ 2. 分解;降解 __________ 3. 数百万的 __________ 4. 捡起;拾起 __________ 5. 显眼;突出 __________ 6. 追求;致力于 __________ 7. 采取行动 __________ 8. 提出措施 __________ (四)单项选择 1. A new recycling centre ______ in our city next year. A. will build  B. will be built  C. is built  D. builds 2. More trees ______ on both sides of the road soon. A. will plant  B. will be planted  C. are planted  D. plant 3. — ______ the rubbish ______ in your school? — Yes, it will. A. Will; sort  B. Will; be sorted  C. Is; sorted  D. Does; sort 4. Waste water ______ into the river from now on. A. won't pour  B. won't be poured  C. isn't poured  D. doesn't pour 5. The old buildings ______ down to make room for a new park. A. will pull  B. will be pulled  C. are pulling  D. pull 6. — What ______ to protect the environment? — More recycling bins will be placed in the streets. A. will do  B. will be done  C. is done  D. does (五)根据汉语意思完成句子(每空一词) 1. 塑料垃圾几乎每天都在我们学校里产生。 Plastic waste __________ __________ in our school almost every day. 2. 明年我们学校将会建一个新的回收中心。 A new recycling centre __________ __________ __________ in our school next year. 3. 我们应该采取行动来减少污染。 We should __________ __________ to reduce pollution. 4. 这条河已经被附近的化工厂污染了。 The river __________ __________ __________ by the nearby chemical factory. 【能力提升层】(B组·选做) (六)按要求改写句子 1. People will build a new library in our school next year.(改为被动语态) A new library __________ __________ __________ in our school next year. 2. We are going to hold a school meeting about pollution.(改为被动语态) A school meeting about pollution __________ __________ __________ __________. 3. The government will close the polluting factory.(改为被动语态) The polluting factory __________ __________ __________ by the government. 4. They will make us sort the rubbish every day.(改为被动语态) We __________ __________ __________ __________ sort the rubbish every day. 5. More trees will be planted by us next spring.(改为主动语态) We __________ __________ more trees next spring. (七)用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 方框短语: break down / be harmful to / make a difference / pick up / go after / take action Pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world today. Plastic waste causes serious harm to the environment. It takes hundreds of years for plastic to (1)__________ naturally, and tiny pieces of plastic are especially (2)__________ sea animals. However, we don't need to feel hopeless. Everyone can (3)__________ if they start with small actions. We can (4)__________ litter on the beach, refuse single-use plastic bags and use recycled products. If more people (5)__________ green dreams and (6)__________ to protect the environment, our planet will be a much better place. (八)阅读理解 阅读下面的短文,从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 Sophie was a 15-year-old girl who loved engineering. She lived beside the Pacific Ocean. One morning, while walking along the beach, she noticed countless tiny pieces of plastic covering the sand. Big plastic bottles were easy to find, but micro-plastics were almost invisible and very hard to clean up. Research shows that about eight million tons of plastic waste flows into the ocean every year. Plastic products need hundreds of years to break down completely. Millions of sea birds, fish and sea mammals eat micro-plastics by mistake and lose their lives every year. Sophie felt very upset about this serious problem. Instead of only feeling sad, she decided to build a machine to solve it. After learning engineering skills at university workshops, she spent nearly a year testing and improving her ROV, short for “remotely-operated vehicle”. The underwater robot carries three special lights. The lights make plastic objects stand out against the sand and water plants. It also scans colours and shapes to tell plastic waste apart from natural sea creatures. Once it finds plastic, the ROV sends the exact position back to the computer on the beach. Sophie failed more than twenty times, but she never gave up. Later, she shared her design online for free so that environmental groups around the world could copy and improve it. Sophie says everyone can make small green changes in daily life. 1. What was Sophie doing when she noticed the plastic on the sand? A. She was testing her ROV.  B. She was walking along the beach.  C. She was attending a workshop.  D. She was cleaning the sea. 2. Why do micro-plastics cause more danger than large plastic pieces? A. Because they are more colourful.  B. Because they are easier to see. C. Because they are very small and harder to clean up.  D. Because they are heavier than bottles. 3. How does Sophie's ROV find plastic in the ocean? A. It uses special lights and scans colours and shapes.  B. It asks divers for help. C. It picks up all the rubbish by itself.  D. It uses a big net to catch fish. 4. What did Sophie do after she succeeded? A. She sold her design for a lot of money.  B. She gave up engineering. C. She shared her design online for free.  D. She stopped making green changes. 5. What can we learn from Sophie?(请用一两句话回答) ________________________________________________________________________ (九)补全对话 从方框中选择恰当的句子完成对话,将字母填在横线上。 A. What kind of pollution is it?  B. Why is it so bad?  C. What can we do to help? D. That's a good idea.  E. Sounds great.  F. Then let's do it this weekend. Amy: Hi, Ben. You look worried. What's the matter? Ben: I just watched a programme about pollution. Our city is facing a serious problem. Amy: (1) __________ Ben: Plastic waste. There is too much plastic on the streets and in the river. Amy: (2) __________ Ben: Because plastic takes hundreds of years to break down. It's harmful to animals and even to us. Amy: That's terrible. (3) __________ Ben: We can start by using fewer plastic bags and sorting our rubbish. Amy: (4) __________ We can also pick up litter in the park on weekends. Ben: (5) __________ And we can ask more classmates to join us. Amy: (6) __________ Ben: OK. Let's meet at the school gate at nine on Saturday morning. 【拓展创新层】(C组·挑战) (十)任务型阅读 阅读下面的短文,根据短文内容回答问题。 In many cities, people are trying to reduce pollution in clever ways. In some countries, roads are washed with recycled water. In Shanghai, people are asked to sort their rubbish into four groups: recyclable, harmful, wet and dry. In some parks, robots are used to pick up rubbish, so the cleaners do not need to work in the cold wind. Experts say that if everyone takes small actions, millions of tons of waste will be saved from the ocean every year. 1. What are people in Shanghai asked to do with their rubbish? ________________________________________________________________________ 2. How is rubbish picked up in some parks? ________________________________________________________________________ 3. What will happen if everyone takes small actions? ________________________________________________________________________ (十一)书面表达 学校正在开展“绿色校园”行动。你的班主任鼓励同学们为校园里的污染问题提出应对措施。请你给林校长写一封倡议信(proposal letter),内容包括:1)描述校园里存在的污染问题;2)提出解决这些问题的具体做法;3)号召同学们一起行动。 要求:1)词数110—130(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);2)可适当发挥,使行文连贯;3)信中不得出现真实姓名和校名。 Dear Mr Lin, I am Li Hua, a student in Grade 9. I am writing to tell you about the pollution problem in our school. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ I hope more students will take part in protecting our environment. Yours sincerely, Li Hua (十二)项目式作业 任务名称:Making an action lapbook(制作“环保行动”折叠手册)。以4—6人为一组,调查校园或社区中的一种污染问题(如塑料污染、噪音污染、水污染等),合作完成一本英文环保行动手册。 具体要求:1)封面:主题名称、小组信息(用英文书写);2)内页1:问题的现象与危害(可用数据、图片);3)内页2:原因分析(不少于两条);4)内页3:解决措施(不少于三条,尽量运用本单元词汇和被动语态);5)封底:一句英文环保口号。 展示与评价:下节课用2分钟进行英文汇报;评价参见“五、作业评价”中的评价量表。 七、答案与解析 【基础巩固层】 (一)根据首字母提示完成单词 1. pollution 2. harmful 3. solution 4. spill 5. soil 解析:pollution 为不可数名词,常见搭配 air pollution;harmful 常与 be harmful to 连用;solution 由动词 solve 加后缀 -tion 构成。 (二)用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1. polluted 2. pollution 3. Compared 4. solution 5. vehicles 解析:1题 the lake 与 pollute 之间是被动关系,故用过去分词 polluted 作表语;2题为名词作主语,用 pollution;3题 Compared with … 意为“与……相比”,为固定结构,句首首字母大写;5题用复数 vehicles。 (三)英汉短语互译 1. be harmful to 2. break down 3. millions of 4. pick up 5. stand out 6. go after 7. take action 8. propose measures(propose a measure) (四)单项选择 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. B 解析:本题考查一般将来时被动语态,结构为“will be + 及物动词过去分词”。1题主语 a new recycling centre 是 build 的承受者,且时间状语为 next year,故用 will be built;2题 many trees 与 plant 是被动关系;3题一般疑问句中 will 提至句首,后接 be sorted;4题 won't be poured 表示“将不会被排放”;5题 pull down 为短语动词,被动时介词/副词 down 不能丢;6题 what 作主语,表示“将会做什么”,用 will be done。 (五)根据汉语意思完成句子 1. is produced 2. will be built 3. take action 4. has been polluted 解析:1题“几乎每天”表示经常性,且主语 waste 是动作承受者,用一般现在时被动 is produced;2题由“明年”可知用一般将来时被动 will be built;4题由“已经”可知用现在完成时被动 has been polluted。 【能力提升层】 (六)按要求改写句子 1. will be built 2. is going to be held 3. will be closed 4. will be made to 5. will plant 解析:主动变被动四步——①主动句宾语移作主语;②谓语改为 will be / be going to be + 过去分词;③原主语放 by 之后(可省略);④时态仍为将来。第4题中 make sb. do sth. 变为被动后,省略的 to 必须还原,即 be made to do sth.;第5题为被动变主动,主语 we 提前,谓语用 will plant。 (七)用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 1. break down 2. harmful to 3. make a difference 4. pick up 5. go after 6. take action 解析:生物降解用 break down;be harmful to 中 be 要根据主语变化,此处与 are 连用,故填 harmful to;make a difference 意为“产生影响、带来改变”;pick up litter 意为“捡垃圾”;go after green dreams 意为“追求绿色梦想”;take action 意为“采取行动”。 (八)阅读理解 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. 参考答案:We should never give up when facing difficulties, and everyone can make small green changes to protect the environment.(言之有理即可) 解析:1题由第一段 while walking along the beach 可知;2题由第一段微塑料 almost invisible and very hard to clean up 可知其更小、更难清理;3题由第三段 lights … stand out … scans colours and shapes 可知;4题由第四段 shared her design online for free 可知。 (九)补全对话 (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E (6) F 解析:由下文 Plastic waste 可知第(1)空在询问污染的种类,选 A;由 Because 引导的原因可知第(2)空在询问原因,选 B;由答语 We can start by … 可知第(3)空询问做法,选 C;(4) 用 D 表示赞同;(5) 用 E 表示赞同对方的建议;(6) 用 F 提出周末行动,与下文的 Saturday morning 相呼应。 【拓展创新层】 (十)任务型阅读 1. They are asked to sort their rubbish into four groups: recyclable, harmful, wet and dry. 2. Robots are used to pick it up.(Some parks use robots to pick up rubbish.) 3. Millions of tons of waste will be saved from the ocean every year. 解析:三个问题分别对应短文中 three groups 前一句、robots are used 一句和 if 从句的结果句,注意答案尽量使用被动语态。 (十一)书面表达 参考范文(正文约124词,开头与结尾不计入): Almost every day, a lot of plastic waste is produced in our school. I often see plastic bottles and paper cups thrown on the sports ground and in the classroom. As you know, plastic waste is harmful not only to the environment but also to our health, because it takes hundreds of years to break down. In my opinion, some measures should be taken. First, recycling bins can be placed in convenient places, such as the school gate and the playground. Second, students should be encouraged to use reusable bottles and bags. Third, a “Green Club” will be set up to pick up litter after school. If we take action, our school will be a cleaner and nicer place. 评分要点:①内容完整,三个要点齐全(描述问题、提出做法、发出号召);②语言准确,恰当运用本单元词汇与一般将来时被动语态;③结构清晰,恰当使用 First / Second / Third 等衔接词;④书写规范,词数符合要求。 (十二)项目式作业 评价建议:从“内容完整度、语言准确性、版面设计、合作参与、英文展示”五个方面进行小组互评与教师评价,按 A、B、C 三级计分,纳入过程性评价。优秀作品推荐在班级“绿色角”或校园英语角展出。 附:语法加油站——一般将来时被动语态 1. 概念:表示将来某个时间主语是动作的承受者,动作尚未发生,将由他人或外物完成。 2. 基本结构: (1)will 型: (2)be going to 型(其中 be 不可省略): 3. 典型例句:A new recycling centre will be built in our city next year.(明年我市将建成一座新的回收中心。) 4. 常用时间状语:tomorrow, next week/month/year, soon, in the future, in + 一段时间, from now on 等。 5. 易错点:① will 后的 be 不可省略(正:The problem will be solved. 误:The problem will solve.);② 不及物动词(happen, take place, appear 等)无被动语态;③ 主动句中 make/see 等后省去的 to,变被动后须还原(be made to do);④ 短语动词(pull down, think of 等)变被动时,介词或副词不能丢。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 6 Pollution项目式分层作业2026-2027学年沪教版·五四学制英语九年级上册
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Unit 6 Pollution项目式分层作业2026-2027学年沪教版·五四学制英语九年级上册
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Unit 6 Pollution项目式分层作业2026-2027学年沪教版·五四学制英语九年级上册
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