上海市格致中学2026-2027学年高二年级第一学期10月月考英语试卷

班级_______ 姓名___________ 学号_______ 准考证号______________ 格致中学 二〇二六学年度第一学期第一次测验 高二年级 英语试卷 (共11页) (测试100分钟内完成，总分115分，试后交答题卷) 友情提示：昨天，你既然经历了艰苦的学习，今天，你必将赢得可喜的收获！ 祝你：诚实守信，沉着冷静，细致踏实，自信自强，去迎接胜利！ I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Love Your Lungs From 29 June to 5 July it’s Love Your Lungs week, which is all about understanding how important lungs are. Thanks to our brilliant bodies, breathing is (1)_______ everyone does all day, every day without even thinking about it. However, did you know that there are special ways of breathing, called breathwork, (2)_______ can help you regulate your emotions, concentrate better and keep calm? What happens when you breathe? “(3)_______ _______ you breathe in, your body pulls fresh oxygen from the air into your lungs. That oxygen travels into your blood and (4)_______ (carry) all around your body to give energy to your brain, muscles and organs,” explains Dr William Van Gordon, an associate professor at the University of Derby who studies (5)_______ people think, feel and behave. “When you breathe out, you push out a waste gas called carbon dioxide,” he says. “It’s like your body’s clever built‑in air exchange system that keeps you alive and energised every second.” What is breathwork? Breathwork is a breathing technique that (6)_______ (use) for centuries in Eastern medicine (a natural way of healing people). “Breathwork is when you pay special attention to your breathing to help your body and mind,” explains Dr Van Gordon. “Sometimes you might gently watch your breath as it flows in and out naturally. Other times you change how you breathe on purpose – for example by slowing it down, making it deeper or holding it for a short time. Many children and teenagers use it before tests, sports or just to have a quick reset. It’s a simple but effective tool,” he says. There are lots of different types of breathing exercises you can do (7)_______ the funnily named lion’s breath and humming bee breath. What are the benefits? Dr Van Gordon says breathwork can help you to “feel calmer and (8)_______ (worried) when you’re stressed, angry or nervous; focus better at school or with homework; fall asleep more easily at night; feel more energised during the day; and lower your heart rate and feel relaxed”. Breathwork has been proven (9)_______ (work). One study found that children who did daily breathing exercises in primary school performed better in maths. In the US, some members of a special military unit, the Navy SEALS, use it to help them stay calm in dangerous and stressful situations. So next time you’re feeling worried, try the breathing technique (10)_______ (recommend) above. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. ( A ) A. exposure B. captured C. enduring D. enormous E. individual F. dotted G. labor H. crafted I. command J. deserve K. primitive Time Fears the Terracotta Army (兵马俑) America's midlands are ___11___ with small towns and suburbs. Driving along one of the area's major highways, you can pass dozens of small communities in a day. I often wonder what life is like in these places as I drive past them. Some people have probably never left their community, which is the whole world to them. Others may have little knowledge of, or interest in, anything from the distant past. For them, history begins with their grandparents' stories from half a century before, and anything prior to that comes from book learning. Maybe this is the way it should be: In a relatively egalitarian (主张人人平等的) society, we mostly pay attention to our own little worlds. Consider how different the world was for the men who ___12___ the Terracotta Army, that vast array of life-size sculptures of soldiers buried around the tomb of Qin Shi Huang. I recently visited the historic site in Xi' an for the second time, and as I watched tourists crowd around against the guard rail protecting the pit, I was struck by the emperor's power to ___13___ our attention after more than 2,000 years. The great people of history like Qin Shi Huang bring us into a larger world, one where time is measured in dynasties rather than generations. There is an old saying: "Man fears time, but time fears the pyramids." Indeed, in our little worlds, time can destroy everything. However, in the world the pharaohs created — with the help of numerous workers — the pyramids stand the test of time and speak to later generations about the ___14___ ingenuity (聪慧巧思) of the ancient Egyptians, who were able to build these massive structures using only ___15___ tools. The Terracotta Army was forgotten by history until some farmers uncovered it 50 years ago. How could such a(n) ___16___ achievement be forgotten for so long? For ages, thousands of lifelike sculptures of soldiers had stood ready for combat under the earth, each of which was carefully sculpted. Although they were mass-produced, they are highly ___17___ portraits. Looking at the several dozen that are on display, I was amazed by the amount of human ___18___ that must have gone into creating them. Just like the pyramids, the Terracotta Army is a testament to both the immense power rulers wielded in shaping their world and the artistic creativity of our ancestors. While we can't see the original color of the soldiers today because ___19___ to the air destroyed the pigments (颜料),we can still see the beauty through early photographs, which ___20___ the brilliant colors when the sculptures were first uncovered. There is much to appreciate about these ancient wonders. Their continued existence speaks volumes. ( B ) A. illustrations B. considerably C. issued D. addition E. obligation F. revised G. completely H. respects I. dropped J. original K. amounting Preface (前言) to the Second Edition Authors are never ___21___ finished with their books. They may turn in their manuscripts on the agreed‑upon day, but deep down they know if they only had more time, they could say it better. ___22___ editions give the author a chance to test his own claims; if you really could have said it better, here’s your chance. Readers will have to judge whether the first or this second edition of The Art of Crossing Cultures says it better, but this new edition does say some things differently — and some new things altogether. The conceptual framework of the ___23___ is still here, as is the model of cultural adjustment, now called “cultural effectiveness,” though the model itself has been modified in important ___24___. There are now 7 chapters instead of 9; chapters 5 and 6 have been combined, and the last chapter has been ___25___, having been replaced by this author’s own The Art of Coming Home (also being ___26___ in a revised edition) and because it did not seem to fit with this edition’s more singular focus on the overseas experience. Other changes include a ___27___ expanded first chapter on culture shock, the use of more ___28___ from the world of business, and the ___29___ of a new appendix (附录) of quotations on the overseas experience. Finally, the chapter titles have become decidedly less interesting or imaginative. While “The Howling of Tigers, The Hissing of Serpents” (old title) is certainly more evocative (引发情感的) than “Culture Shock” (new title), it is not nearly as descriptive, as chapter titles have some ___30___ to be. Make no mistake: tigers still howl and serpents still hiss in these pages, but no longer in chapter titles. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In the era of globalization, an increasing number of companies and organizations are sending expatriates into the field, including numerous smaller companies that never previously saw the ___31___. In a 2017 survey of 264 U.S.-based multinational corporations, more than half of the respondents indicated they had increased their number of expatriate(侨居的, 外派的) employees in the ___32___ year, and two‑thirds said they expected their numbers to increase again by the year 2018. With an ever‑increasing number of companies earning more revenue from overseas than from ___33___ operations, first‑hand knowledge and experience of foreign markets and conditions has become essential for today’s managers and executives. For the ___34___ reason, the career path to senior management positions in most global companies now includes at least one overseas assignment. These assignments used to be for the ___35___ and the unconventional; now they’re de rigueur (必备的) for almost anyone who aims for a ___36___ role in a company with foreign operations. The Windham International survey identified the three leading causes of “assignment failure”: partner dissatisfaction, family concerns, and the inability to ___37___. All three causes suggest that successfully crossing cultures is a major ___38___ for most expatriates. “If left to luck,” Robert Kohls has observed, “your chances of having a really satisfying experience living abroad would be about one in seven”. The costs of cross‑cultural failure, for individuals and their organizations, have been ___39___. There are personal costs and family costs; financial, professional, and emotional costs; and costs to one’s career prospects, to one’s self‑esteem, and to one’s marriage and family. The ___40___ may pay a steep price as well—in recruitment and selection costs, in training costs, moving costs, compromised careers, and all the costs associated with lost opportunities, damaged relationships, low morale, reduced productivity, and perhaps even damage to the company or organization’s reputation in the country or region. Nor are the costs of a failed assignment ___41___ entirely by the individual expat and his or her parent company or organization. Most expats occupy high profile, senior positions, where the decisions they make directly or indirectly affect the lives of large numbers of people. They may start projects, initiate reforms, begin overhauls of various procedures or systems—and then bail out (抽身而退) and leave the local people ___42___. Local people often have to make job or career changes, which affect their whole family, based on initiatives or changes begun by the new head of this or chief of that—who then departs abruptly for home. The comings and goings of expats touch many local lives, in ways often not ___43___ by those who are not around when the dust settles. There are two typical ___44___ for expatriates who fail to effectively cross cultures: either they go home early from their overseas assignment, or, more commonly, they stay on, with greatly diminished effectiveness, often doing themselves, their families, and their organizations irreparable ___45___. Either way, it’s an outcome no one desires. 31. A. problem B. result C. need D. destination 32. A. following B. current C. prior D. recent 33. A. global B. domestic C. private D. chained 34. A. complicated B. same C. principal D. opposite 35. A. adventurous B. experienced C. amateur D. skilled 36. A. technical B. professional C. leadership D. temporary 37. A. return B. cooperate C. compete D. adapt 38. A. opportunity B. challenge C. reward D. routine 39. A. well-deserved B. well-established C. well-balanced D. well-documented 40. A. organization B. employee C. government D. individual 41. A. created B. avoided C. borne D. cut 42. A. stuck B. confused C. exhausted D. misled 43. A. criticized B. appreciated C. measured D. mentioned 44. A. endings B. strategies C. benefits D. suggestions 45. A. good B. credit C. harm D. wrong Section B Directions: Read the following two passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. ( A ) It is no secret that we all have secrets. Maintaining them can be draining, but not for the reason most researchers have long assumed. A new study redefines “secrecy” itself and offers a new explanation for its known link to depression, anxiety and poor overall health. The researchers suggest that secrecy is primarily the intention to conceal information, regardless of any active concealment around others. And that hurts us by making us feel inauthentic (不真实的), even when we are alone. Michael Slepian, a psychologist at Columbia Business School, and his colleagues recently reported their findings in a paper published online in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. In six studies, they queried a total of 1,200 Americans via the Internet — as well as 312 people picnicking in New York City’s Central Park —regarding 38 categories of behavior or identity that are often kept secret. For five of these studies, respondents said they were currently hiding information in about 13 of these categories on average including about five for which they had a secret they were keeping from everyone. The most common secrets were extra relational thoughts thinking about another person while already in a relationship, and romantic desire while being single. People said that when they were not interacting with anyone, they thought about their secrets about twice as often as they actively concealed them in conversation. The more often their mind wandered to a secret, the more they reported that it damaged their well-being and the less healthy they said they were. Surprisingly, active concealment did not affect well-being at all—in contrast to previous assumptions. Four additional studies, all involving couples and conducted online, produced similar findings. If you must keep a secret, Slepian suggests avoiding residing on it by practicing mindfulness or by discussing the forbidden topic in anonymous (匿名的) online forums. 46. According to the passage, why is it “draining” in paragraph 1 to maintain a secret? A. Because we have too many secrets to conceal at the same time. B. Because we don’t want other people to see us as being inauthentic. C. Because we may suffer depression and anxiety while having secrets. D. Because we tend to feel bad about the idea that we want to hide something. 47. Which of the following is true regarding Michael Slepian’s studies? A. All six studies are conducted and completed online. B. All the participants of these studies are couples in real life. C. All the respondents were hiding some kind of information. D. All the findings are in accordance to the previous assumptions. 48. Which of the following conditions may cause the most anxiety according to the studies? A. When people are thinking about someone other than their partner. B. When people are actively hiding their secrets in conversation. C. When people are having romantic desires while being single D. When people are quietly thinking about their secrets alone. ( B ) Indian Heroes and Great Chieftains The book mainly presents us with the American Indian leaders of the past. It features many profiles and biographies including Sitting Bull, Red Cloud, Little Crow and Lozen Quanah etc. written by author Charles Eastman, and I’m sure you will be interested in it. Name: Sitting Bull Birth: 1831 Death: 12-15-1890 He was a great hero and is respected by many American Indians. In a 1997 documentary— The Great Tribes, he was known as a holy man, a composer of songs and an artist. Under him, the Sioux and Cheyenne Nations unified. He was advised to go on a European tour in 1887, but he turned it down to defend these two nations from being separated again. He led his people during years of resistance to United States government policies and was killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation. Name: Crazy Horse Birth: 1842 Death: 9-5-1877 Crazy Horse was a legendary warrior and a gentle leader as well as a brave man who stood for the highest ideal of the Sioux, celebrated for his battle skills as well as his efforts to preserve Native American traditions and way of life. Resisting efforts to force the Sioux on to reservations, he fought alongside Sitting Bull and others in the American-Indian Wars. Charles Eastman described him in his book Indian Heroes as “a man of deeds and not of words”. Name: Red Cloud Birth: 1822 Death: 12-10-1909 He was against the movement of the white settlers into the Black Hills. In 1868, he refused to sign a treaty, which stated that the Black Hills didn’t belong to people. The treaty also stated that these areas couldn’t be entered without the government’s permission. According to Eastman’s book Indian Heroes, he was said to have fought against the treaty, forcing the government to give in and pull out of the area. Name: Lozen Quanah Birth: late 1840s Death: 1890 Known as the youngest sister of Red Cloud, she devoted herself to the people. She was described in Peter Aleshire’s Warrior Woman as a heroine good at riding horses and using a bow and arrow to drive attackers away. This skill was considered to be “one of the most honored skills among the Indians”. 49. Sioux and Cheyenne in the passage are ___________. A. colonized lands B. names of tribal groups C. two countries D. two nationalities 50. Which of the following is NOT true about Crazy Horse? A. He was friendly to his soldier. B. He showed great courage. C. He was a great speaker. D. He valued the conventions. 51. From the passage we can infer that . A. Sitting Bull disliked traveling B. Indian Heroes was a book on Indian history C. in the 1880s Indian soldiers were mainly armed with bows and arrows D. in the 1850s Indian women were not allowed to ride horses 52. The main purpose of the passage is to . A. show Indians’ lives to readers B. describe great Indian heroes and heroines C. summarize the history of the Indians D. introduce a history book ( C ) The Occupy Wall Street protest movement has raised serious questions about the role of capitalist institutions, particularly corporations in American society. Well before the first protester set foot in Zucotti Park, a heckler(扰乱分子) urged Mitt Romney to tax corporations rather than people. Romney’s response-- “Corporations are people” stirred a brief but intense controversy. Now thousands of demonstrators have in effect joined the heckler, denouncing(抨击) corporations as “enemies of the people.” Far more important than questions about what corporations are is the question of what attitude we should have toward them. Should we, as corporate public relations statements often suggest, think of them as friends (if we buy and are satisfied with their products) or as family (if we work for them)? Does it make sense to be loyal to a corporation as either a customer or as an employee? More generally, even granted that corporations are not fully persons in the way that individuals are, do they have some important moral standing in our society？ My answer to all these questions is no, because corporations have no core dedication to fundamental human values. Such corporations exist as instruments of profit for their shareholders. In fact, left to themselves, they can be serious threats to human values that conflict with the goal of corporate profit. Corporations are a particular threat to truth, a value essential in a democracy, which places a premium on the informed decisions of individual citizens. The corporate threat is most apparent in advertising, which explicitly aims at convincing us to prefer a product regardless of its actual merit. Their defining goal is to generate profit. There are cases when telling the truth is the best means to advance corporate profits. In 1982, when seven people in Chicago died from poisoned Tylenol, Johnson & Johnson appealed to its credo, which makes concern for its customers primary corporate goal, and told the entire truth about what had happened. This honesty turned a potential public-relations disaster into a triumph. But Johnson & Johnson’s impressive corporate credo ends by saying, “Our final responsibility is to our stockholders and must make solid profit. The credo is unclear about what happens when there is a conflict between responsible action and long-term profit. None of this means that corporations are evil or that socialism should replace the free-enterprise system. As Michel Foucault said of all power structures, it’s not that corporations are bad but that they are dangerous. The self-serving corporate speech that fills our media and halls of government is particularly dangerous for our democracy. At least for this reason, the Occupy Wall Street protesters are right to distrust corporations. 53. Mitt Romney most probably believes that ___________. A. individuals should pay more taxes than corporations B. corporations should not be forced to pay more taxes C. people should care more about corporations’ development D. corporations should enjoy all the legal rights as people do 54. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, it can be inferred that corporations ___________. A. should be set as moral examples of the society B. take employees’ faithfulness as part of their goals C. contribute little to the most essential human values D. are actually means by which people share profits 55. The 1982 event is cited in Paragraph 3 to illustrate that _____________ A. corporations always make profits at the expense of people’s health B. customers should always keep an eye on the quality of any product C. corporations take economic profit as their priority essentially D. corporation profit is always in contradiction with customer interests 56. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Corporations, People and Truth B. Corporations Are Different from People C. Corporations Are Untrustworthy D. The Occupy Wall Street Protest Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. A. Books are sometimes regarded as old-fashioned and difficult to read. B. In response to this trend, some smart young authors have changed the way they write. C. However, as the story progressed, the style gradually evolved into something different. D. She typed out installments(连载作品的一集) on her phone and uploaded them onto a popular website for cell phone authors. E. No money is made from cell phone novels unless they are published as books. F. Sentences are short and there are no descriptions of anything or anybody because there isn’t space. A Different Type of Phone Book Although books are still popular with teenagers, most of them spend more of their leisure time staring at their phone than reading a paperback. And the more versatile phones become, the more reasons young people have for looking at them. 57_________. Instead of publishing whole book at once, they produce very short chapters, which they send once a week to their readers by text message. Some even claim that this style of writing represents a new literary genre: the ‘cell phone novel’. Although the idea originated in Japan, cell phone novels have also sprung up in the rest of East Asia, Europe and Africa. Many are written by high school or university students who are very familiar with the topics that teenagers are interested in. Common themes are love, tragedy and betrayal, and the stories often deal with difficult or controversial issues. Twenty-one-year-old Rin said that she started her novel If You during her final year at high school and explained that was the tragic love story of two childhood friends. Rin wrote her novel over a six-month period in spare moments, often while commuting on the train. 58__________. Readers then voted her novel the best that year and she was offered book contract. Her book sold 40,000 copies and was number five in the Japanese bestseller list. Rin said that her mother had had no idea that she had been writing a novel and was therefore very surprised when she saw a book with her daughter’s name on it. The style of cell phone novels has evolved to suit the medium. Chapters have no more than 200 words, and often just 50-100 words. 59__________. The text mostly consists of dialogue and the language is direct, conveying a lot in a few words. Many cell phone novelists had never written fiction before and many of their readers have never read normal novel. Other rules have evolved; for example, authors only have one name and that is a pseudonym or pen name. In 2009, a young Japanese writer called Takatsu, who lives in Canada, began writing the first English language cell phone novel, Secondhand Memories. Each instalment appeared on textnovel.com, a website dedicated to cell phone stories. Takatsu had read an English translation of Rin’s story If You and had been impressed by its simple and emotional language. It was a feature he deliberately copied when he started writing Secondhand Memories. 60___________. He now believes that, in English, cell phone novels have a powerful and poetic identity of their own. Takatsu sees himself, and the other writers who contribute to textnovel.com, as part of a literary movement which blends drama, technology, pop culture and social media. Cell phone novels encourage young people to engage in fiction, even those who would not normally pick up a book. They could be described as teen novels for the 21st century. III. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 61. 约翰夫妇决定领养这个可怜的、亟需被照顾的孤儿。(tend) 62. 我们希望每个人都参与讨论，但并非一定要提出新的观点。(contribute to) 63. 直到他亲自和我联系，我才知道他的公司由于原料供应不足而遭受了巨大损失。（It…） 64. 让大家大松一口气的是，就在该罪犯即将消灭证据时，警方及时出手，保护了证据，确认了他是杀人凶手。(identify) IV. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的李华。学校即将举办一年一度的校园文化节。文化节组委会在确定活动主题时陷入纠结：本次文化节应当以校园传统活动（比如诗词朗诵、手工艺展、校史剧）为核心，还是以新兴娱乐项目（比如短视频、电竞等）为主？现面向全体师生征集意见。请你给校园文化节组委会写一封信，须包括： 1）你的选择 2）你的理由 英 语 试 卷 参 考 答 案 I. Grammar & vocabulary 1. something/ what 2. which 3. Every/Each time 4. is carried 5. how 6. has been used 7. including/like 8. less worried 9. to work 10. recommended 11-15 F H I C K 16-20 D E G A B 21-25 G F J H I 26-30 C B A D E II. Reading 31-35 CCBBA 36-40 CDBDA 41-45 CABAC 46-48 DCD 49-52 BCCD 53-56 BCCA 57-60 BDFC III. Translation 52. 约翰夫妇决定领养这个可怜的、亟需被照顾的孤儿。(tend) The Johnsons decided to adopt this poor orphan who was in urgent need of tending/ being tended (to). ………………………….. who required to be tended (to) urgently. 53. 我们希望每个人都参与讨论，但并非一定要提出新的想法。(contribute to) We hope everyone can contribute to the discussion, who don’t necessarily have to bring up/ raise/ put forward/ contribute new ideas. ……………………………………………….., but they don’t necessarily have to…./ but not everyone has to ….. 54. 直到他亲自和我联系，我才知道他的公司由于原料供应不足而遭受了巨大损失。（It…） It was not until he contacted me in person that I learned that his company had suffered great losses due to the insufficient/ short supply of raw materials. ……………because raw materials had been in short supply. 55. 让大家大松一口气的是，就在该罪犯即将消灭证据时，警方及时出手，保护了证据，确认了他是杀人凶手。(identify) To everyone’s relief, when the criminal was about to destroy the evidence, the police stepped in/ acted/ took action in time, protected the evidence and identified him as the murderer. IV. Writing 略 二〇二六学年度第一学期高二英语第一次测验 第11页 共11页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $