Unit 5 Working the Land（人与自然·粮食安全）荆楚特色一轮创新讲义 -2027届高三英语人教版选择性必修第一册

稻花香里说丰年 ——选必一Unit 5 Working the Land（人与自然·粮食安全） 荆楚特色一轮创新讲义 第一部分 基础知识清单 一、讲义定位 【课标主题】人与自然·粮食安全——农业科技、杂交水稻、有机农业、食物浪费、可持续农业。 【高考考向】阅读理解常考农业科技类说明文、人物传记（袁隆平）；语法填空常考主语从句、非谓语动词、词性转换；写作常考粮食安全/节约粮食现象看法类作文、建议信；读后续写常考乡村/农业/劳动主题。 【单元知识链·人教复习串联】 选必一Unit 5 Working the Land（本单元·杂交水稻与有机农业） 必修二Unit 4 History and Traditions（农耕文化传统与历史习俗） 选必二Unit 3 Food and Culture（饮食文化与食物来源） 二、荆楚巡礼 湖北地处长江中游、江汉平原腹地，自古有“湖广熟，天下足”之说。本讲义以湖北六大农业特色素材（洪湖莲藕、潜江稻虾、洪山菜薹、孝感米酒、江汉平原商品粮基地、武汉光盘行动）为语境，串联单元核心词汇、句型与主语从句语法。 （一）洪湖莲藕——洪湖湿地·粉糯藕汤 位置：湖北荆州洪湖市 特色：“洪湖莲藕”国家地理标志产品，洪湖湿地淤泥肥沃，莲藕淀粉含量高、口感粉糯，是湖北藕汤文化的灵魂 标签：国家地理标志、藕汤文化、湿地生态、千湖之省 （二）潜江龙虾·稻虾共作——中国小龙虾之乡 位置：湖北潜江市 特色：“中国小龙虾之乡”，率先大规模推广稻虾共作生态模式（稻田养虾、虾粪肥田），一水两用、一田双收 标签：中国小龙虾之乡、稻虾共作、生态农业、潜江龙虾节 （三）洪山菜薹——楚天名菜·霜打甜薹 位置：武汉洪山区 特色：“洪山菜薹”国家地理标志，与武昌鱼并称“楚天两大名菜”，冬季霜打后甜度更高，曾为千年贡品 标签：国家地理标志、楚天名菜、霜打蔬菜、千年贡品 （四）孝感米酒——糯米发酵·非遗技艺 位置：湖北孝感市 特色：孝感麻糖米酒制作技艺为国家级非遗，当地老字号企业生产的米酒闻名全国，以优质糯米为原料、蜂窝酒曲发酵而成，甘甜醇香 标签：国家级非遗、糯米发酵、湖北特产、非遗技艺 （五）江汉平原商品粮基地——湖广熟天下足 位置：湖北中南部（荆州、荆门、仙桃等地） 特色：中国重要商品粮基地，“湖广熟，天下足”，水稻、小麦、棉花主产区，鱼米之乡 标签：商品粮基地、湖广熟天下足、水稻主产区、鱼米之乡 （六）武汉光盘行动——N-1点餐·文明餐桌 位置：湖北武汉市 特色：武汉餐饮业协会倡议推行“N-1”点餐模式（10人点9人菜，两三人推半份/小份），倡导节约粮食、反对浪费 标签：N-1点餐模式、光盘行动、节约粮食、文明餐桌 三、核心词汇精讲 精选本单元最高频词汇，每词按“词性释义→常考搭配→教材原句/高考经典例句→荆楚语境例句→当堂训练”五层突破。 1. devote ★★★★★ vt. 把……献给；把……专用于；专心于 常考搭配：devote one's time/energy/life to (doing) sth 把时间/精力/生命奉献于(做)某事；be devoted to (doing) sth 专心于(做)某事 教材例句：Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life. Many agricultural scientists in Hubei have devoted themselves to improving the yield of rice in the Jianghan Plain. 湖北许多农业科学家毕生致力于提高江汉平原的水稻产量。 当堂训练：After graduation, Yuan Longping devoted all his life to ______ (find) a way to increase rice harvests. 2. convince ★★★★☆ vt. 使相信；使确信；说服 常考搭配：convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事；convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事；be convinced that ... 确信…… 教材例句：Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. The officials finally convinced the local farmers of the benefits of the rice-shrimp co-culture model in Qianjiang. 官员们最终使当地农民相信了潜江稻虾共作模式的好处。 当堂训练：The guide tried to convince us ______ the sweetness of Hongshan cai-tai after the frost. 3. assume / assumption ★★★★☆ v./n. 假定；假设 常考搭配：assume sb/sth (to be) ... 假定……；on the assumption that ... 假定……；It is generally assumed that ... 人们普遍认为……；assume responsibility 承担责任 教材例句：The common assumption then was that it could not be done. It is widely assumed that the fertile mud of Honghu Lake contributes to the high quality of Honghu lotus roots. 人们普遍认为，洪湖肥沃的淤泥造就了洪湖莲藕的优良品质。 当堂训练：We are working on the ______ (assume) that every grain of rice from the Jianghan Plain deserves to be treasured. 4. overcome ★★★★☆ vt. 克服；战胜；受到……极大影响 常考搭配：overcome the difficulties 克服困难；be overcome by ... 受到……极大影响 教材例句：Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. To overcome the shortage of fresh ingredients in winter, Wuhan restaurants have joined the Clean Plate Campaign. 为克服冬季食材供应短缺，武汉的餐馆加入了光盘行动。 当堂训练：______ (overcome) by curiosity about Xiaogan rice wine, the tourists visited the ancient workshop. 5. expand ★★★★☆ vt.&vi. 扩大；扩展；增加 常考搭配：expand into 发展成；扩展到；expand one's horizons 开阔视野；expand production 扩大生产 教材例句：This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly. Qianjiang has expanded the rice-shrimp co-culture area to tens of thousands of hectares in recent years. 近年来，潜江已将稻虾共作面积扩大到数万公顷。 当堂训练：Originally a small county brand, Qianjiang lobster has expanded ______ a nationally famous product. 6. alternative ★★★★☆ n./adj. 可供选择的事物；可供替代的 常考搭配：have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只能做某事；an alternative to ... ……的替代品；an alternative method 替代方法 教材例句：As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. Faced with rising food waste, Wuhan has offered "N-1" ordering as an alternative to over-ordering. 面对日益严重的食物浪费，武汉推出“N-1”点餐作为过度点餐的替代方案。 当堂训练：When chemical fertilisers damage the soil, farmers have no alternative but ______ (switch) to organic farming. 7. tackle ★★★★☆ vt. 解决；应付；处理 常考搭配：tackle a problem/crisis 解决问题/危机；tackle food shortage 应对粮食短缺 高考经典例句：The government has taken a series of measures to tackle the problem of food waste in cities. The scientists from Huazhong Agricultural University are tackling the problem of low yield of organic rice. 华中农业大学的科学家们正在攻克有机水稻产量低的难题。 当堂训练：To tackle food waste, which ______ (be) serious on campus, our school has launched a campaign. 8. boost ★★★☆☆ vt./n. 使增长；增长；提高 常考搭配：boost production/yield 提高产量；boost one's confidence 增强信心；boost the economy 提振经济 教材例句：Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had. The Qianjiang Lobster Festival greatly boosted the local economy and the sales of rice-shrimp products. 潜江龙虾节极大地提振了当地经济和稻虾产品的销量。 当堂训练：The new policy aims ______ (boost) farmers' income by promoting organic lotus roots from Honghu. 9. yield ★★★☆☆ n./vt. 产量；出产；产生 常考搭配：high yield 高产；increase the yield 提高产量；yield good results 产生好结果 教材例句：One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. The fertile soil of the Jianghan Plain yields abundant rice, wheat and cotton every year. 江汉平原肥沃的土壤每年出产丰富的水稻、小麦和棉花。 当堂训练：The new strain, which ______ (yield) 20 per cent more grain, has been widely adopted by Hubei farmers. 10. organic ★★★☆☆ adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的 常考搭配：organic farming 有机农业；organic food 有机食品；organic fertilisers 有机肥 教材例句：Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. Honghu farmers now grow organic lotus roots without chemical pesticides, which are sold at a higher price. 洪湖农民现在不使用化学农药种植有机莲藕，售价更高。 当堂训练：______ (switch) to organic farming, the village has seen a marked improvement in soil quality. 11. consume ★★★☆☆ vt. 消耗；消费；吃（喝） 常考搭配：consume energy/resources 消耗能源/资源；consume food 食用食物；time-consuming 耗时的 教材例句：Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains. It is estimated that each Wuhan citizen consumes about 30 kilograms of Xiaogan rice wine a year. 据估计，每位武汉市民每年约消费30公斤孝感米酒。 当堂训练：The ______ (consume) of large amounts of food in restaurants has become a serious social problem. 12. conventional ★★★☆☆ adj. 传统的；常规的 常考搭配：conventional methods 传统方法；conventional farming 传统农业；conventional view 传统观念 教材例句：One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. Compared with conventional farming, the rice-shrimp co-culture uses fewer chemical fertilisers. 与传统农业相比，稻虾共作使用的化肥更少。 当堂训练：______ (conventional) methods, which rely on chemicals, are now being replaced by eco-friendly ones. 13. alleviate ★★★☆☆ vt. 减轻；缓解 常考搭配：alleviate poverty 缓解贫困；alleviate the problem 缓解问题；alleviate pressure 减轻压力 高考经典例句：The new agricultural policy has greatly alleviated the burden of farmers in the Jianghan Plain. The Clean Plate Campaign in Wuhan aims to alleviate the problem of food waste in cities. 武汉的光盘行动旨在缓解城市中的食物浪费问题。 当堂训练：The new agricultural policy, which ______ (alleviate) farmers' burden, has been widely welcomed. 四、词形变化表（高频派生词） 词根 形容词 名词 其他 devote devoted 忠实的 devotion 奉献 — short short 短的 shortage 不足 shorten v. 缩短 convince convincing/convinced 有说服力的/确信的 conviction 深信 — assume assumed 假定的 assumption 假定 assuming conj. 假定 intense intense 强烈的 intensity 强度 intensely adv. 强烈地 expand expanding 扩大的 expansion 扩大 — consume consuming 消耗的 consumption 消耗 consumer n. 消费者 chemical chemical 化学的 chemistry 化学 chemically adv.；chemist n. 化学家 nutrition nutritional/nutritious 营养的/有营养的 nutrition 营养 — digest digestive 消化的 digestion 消化 — essential essential 完全必要的 essence 本质 essentially adv. 本质上 deep deep 深的 depth 深度 deepen v. 加深；deeply adv. 五、重点语块（36个） 英文短语 / 中文 英文短语 / 中文 英文短语 / 中文 devote...to 把……用于；献身 be comprised of 由……组成 deep down 在内心深处；本质上 in turn 相应地；转而；依次 for instance 例如；比如 boost one's happiness 提升某人幸福感 It is estimated that... 据估计…… widespread damage 广泛损害 tackle crisis 解决危机 intense effort 巨大努力 the depth of feeling 情感深度 be rich in nutrition 富含营养 switch to organic farming 转向有机农业 care little for celebrity or money 淡泊名利 retire to a life of leisure 退休享清闲 an alternative method of doing sth 做某事的替代方法 given that 鉴于；考虑到 what concerns sb most 某人最关心的是 food security 粮食安全 hybrid rice 杂交水稻 chemical pesticides 化学农药 artificial fertilisers 化肥 sustainable agriculture 可持续农业 food shortage 食物短缺 be convinced that 确信…… on the assumption that 假定…… have no alternative but to do 别无选择只能做 expand into 扩展到；发展成 overcome difficulties 克服困难 yield output 产量 organic farming 有机农业 conventional methods 传统方法 alleviate poverty 缓解贫困 attain a goal 达成目标 make large donations to 大额捐赠给 keep soil rich 保持土壤肥沃 六、重点句型（仿写提升） 句式1：what引导主语从句 教材原句：However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 荆楚仿写：What concerns us most is that a great deal of food is wasted every day in the restaurants around Hubei. 我们最关心的是，湖北各地餐馆每天都有大量食物被浪费。 【仿写】______ (我们最担忧的) is that the young know little about how precious every grain of rice is. 句式2：given that引导原因状语从句 教材原句：Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure. 荆楚仿写：Given that Honghu lotus roots are rich in nutrition, they have become a popular gift for visitors. 鉴于洪湖莲藕营养丰富，它们已成为游客喜爱的伴手礼。 【仿写】______ (鉴于潜江的稻虾共作模式生态环保), it has been promoted across the Jianghan Plain. 句式3：动词-ing作结果状语 教材原句：Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready again for the next batch of crops. 荆楚仿写：The rice-shrimp co-culture uses shrimp waste as natural fertiliser, making the soil rich without chemical inputs. 稻虾共作利用虾粪作为天然肥料，使土壤肥沃而无需化肥。 【仿写】The farmers harvest early in the morning, ______ (使蔬菜保持新鲜) before they are sold in the market. 句式4：It作形式主语（It is estimated / It is widely believed） 教材原句：Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains. 荆楚仿写：It is widely believed that the Clean Plate Campaign in Wuhan has changed people's eating habits. 人们普遍认为，武汉的光盘行动改变了人们的饮食习惯。 【仿写】______ (据估计) that over 20 million kilograms of food are wasted in Hubei every year. 句式5：Not only...but also...倒装句 高考经典句型：Not only does hybrid rice increase output, but it also helps feed millions of people around the world. 荆楚仿写：Not only does the Jianghan Plain yield abundant rice, but it also supplies wheat and cotton to the whole country. 江汉平原不仅盛产水稻，还向全国供应小麦和棉花。 【仿写】Not only ______ (洪山菜薹味道鲜美), but it is also rich in vitamin C. 七、重点语法——主语从句专项（与应用文写作接轨） （一）主语从句的定义与功能 主语从句即在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常由连词、连接代词或连接副词引导，位于句首或由it作形式主语置于句末。它是高考语法填空和读后续写、应用文写作提分的高频结构。 （二）引导词分类 1. that引导：that不充当句子成分，不能省略。如That he will succeed is certain.（他会成功是肯定的。） 2. what、who、whoever、which、whichever、when、where、why、how、whether引导：在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或状语。如What matters most is food security.（最重要的是粮食安全。） 3. when/where/why/how引导：在从句中充当状语。如How we can feed 1.4 billion people is a big question.（我们如何养活14亿人口是个大问题。） 4. whether引导：意为"是否"。如Whether organic farming can feed the world remains unclear.（有机农业能否养活世界仍不清楚。） （三）It作形式主语高频句型 1. It is + adj. + that从句：It is widely believed that...（人们普遍认为……）；It is essential that...（……是至关重要的。） 2. It is + n. + that从句：It is a fact that...（……是事实。）；It is common knowledge that...（……是常识。） 3. It + 不及物动词 + that从句：It seems that...（似乎……）；It turns out that...（结果是……） 4. It is + 过去分词 + that从句：It is estimated that...（据估计……）；It is reported that...（据报道……） （四）易错点对比 1. what vs that：✖ We need is more time. → ✓ What we need is more time.（what在从句中作need的宾语） 2. whether vs if：主语从句位于句首时只能用whether，不能用if。 ✓ Whether we can reduce food waste is a big problem. ✖ If we can reduce food waste is a big problem.（错）（介词后也用whether。） 3. 主谓一致：主语从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。 ✓ What he said is very important. ✓ When and where we will hold the harvest festival has not been decided.（高考写单数更稳妥。） （五）与应用文写作联动 1. What matters most is that we should value every grain that comes from the Jianghan Plain. 2. What concerns us is that large amounts of food are wasted every day in our school canteen. 3. It is widely believed that food security is closely related to national stability. 4. It is estimated that one-third of food produced globally is wasted before reaching the dinner table. 第二部分 默写检测 A组 基础过关 （一）核心词块默写（根据中文写英文） 1. 把……用于；献身 ________ 2. 由……组成 ________ 3. 在内心深处 ________ 4. 相应地；转而 ________ 5. 例如；比如 ________ 6. 据估计…… ________ 7. 解决危机 ________ 8. 巨大努力 ________ 9. 富含营养 ________ 10. 转向有机农业 ________ 11. 淡泊名利 ________ 12. 退休享清闲 ________ 13. 粮食安全 ________ 14. 杂交水稻 ________ 15. 化学农药 ________ 16. 化肥 ________ 17. 可持续农业 ________ 18. 食物短缺 ________ 19. 克服困难 ________ 20. 有机农业 ________ 21. 传统方法 ________ 22. 缓解贫困 ________ 23. 达成目标 ________ 24. 别无选择只能做 ________ （二）派生词默写（用括号内词的正确形式填空） 1. Yuan Longping, who was ______ (devote) to agricultural research that aimed at feeding the nation, is remembered as the "father of hybrid rice" by millions of farmers across China whose lives he had touched. 2. We are carrying out the project on the ______ (assume) that the rice-shrimp co-culture model, which has been widely praised by agricultural experts, will reduce the use of chemicals that harm the soil. 3. Long-term use of ______ (chemistry) pesticides, which were once welcomed by farmers as a way to fight crop disease, has been found over time to harm both the soil and people's health. 4. To understand how rice grows in the wetland of Honghu, where water and soil interact in complex ways, we must discuss the problem in ______ (deep) and explore every layer of the ecosystem. 5. Because the world is ______ (short) of arable land that can feed a growing population, scientists are working hard to develop higher-yield strains which can grow in challenging conditions. 6. The increasing ______ (consume) of takeaway food, which has become a common phenomenon among young people living in cities, has led to a serious rise in household waste that is difficult to dispose of. 7. Fully ______ (convince) of the benefits of organic farming, which had been demonstrated by a neighbouring village, the farmers in Qianjiang gave up chemical fertilisers that had been used for decades. 8. With the ______ (expand) of the rice-shrimp area, which has drawn nationwide attention since it was first introduced, Qianjiang has become the "capital of Chinese crayfish" that attracts thousands of visitors every year. 9. Honghu lotus roots, which are ______ (nutrition) and rich in dietary fibre, are often made into a warming soup for Hubei families who gather together in the cold winter months. 10. It is ______ (essence) that every student realises how much effort a farmer, who rises before dawn every day, puts into a single grain of rice that eventually reaches the dinner table. 11. After years of ______ (intense) training and field experiments which often lasted through the night, the agricultural team finally succeeded in growing seawater rice on land that was previously unfit for farming. 12. The ______ (digest) system of the human body, which processes food throughout the day, benefits greatly from the fibre contained in Hongshan cai-tai that is grown in the fertile soil of Wuhan. 13. Faced with rising food waste, which has become a serious problem on campus, the canteen offered an ______ (alternate) — smaller portions at a lower price that students can choose according to their appetite. 14. The ______ (entire) village, which had never before taken part in such a public campaign, joined the Clean Plate Campaign to show respect for farmers' labour that comes from the land. 15. Modern ______ (agriculture) technology, which includes hybrid seeds and precision irrigation, has helped the Jianghan Plain attain a record harvest that has exceeded all expectations. （三）短语填空（从方框中选择合适的短语，用正确形式填空） 方框：devote...to be comprised of in turn for instance switch to have no alternative but to expand into tackle 1. The research team, which ______ experts from Huazhong Agricultural University who have devoted themselves to hybrid rice research for decades, has spent ten years developing a new strain that can resist drought. 2. Many traditional farmers in Qianjiang ______ organic farming after learning that shrimp waste, which had previously been regarded as a nuisance, could serve as a natural fertiliser that enriches the soil. 3. To ______ the problem of food waste, which has become increasingly serious in cities, Wuhan restaurants have introduced the "N-1" ordering model that encourages diners to order fewer dishes than the number of people present. 4. When the soil becomes too poor to support crops that depend on chemical fertilisers, farmers ______ let the field rest for a whole season so that it can recover naturally. 5. Honghu has ______ a national brand of organic lotus roots, which are grown without chemical pesticides and sold online across the country to customers who value healthy food. 6. The students presented their harvest reports one by one, and the teacher gave feedback ______, praising each of them in ways that encouraged further reflection on the agricultural knowledge they had gained. （四）单句语法填空 1. ______ concerns us most is that a great deal of food, which could have fed thousands of hungry people, is thrown away in the school canteen every single day merely because students order more than they can consume. 2. It is estimated ______ about one-third of the food produced globally, which is enough to feed millions of hungry people, never reaches the dinner table but ends up in dustbins instead. 3. ______ we can feed such a large population with limited arable land that is being threatened by urbanisation and pollution remains a serious question which scientists around the world are trying hard to answer. 4. Given ______ Honghu lotus roots, which are grown in the fertile mud of a wetland that has been recognised as a national geographic product, are rich in starch, they are ideal for making the classic Hubei soup that warms families in winter. 5. The farmers harvest the lotus roots at dawn, ______ (make) sure they stay fresh for the morning market where customers from the city come to buy freshly dug vegetables. 6. Not only ______ Qianjiang produce high-quality rice that is sold across the country, but it also raises the most delicious crayfish which have made the city famous as the "capital of Chinese crayfish". 7. ______ (overcome) by the curiosity about how rice wine, which has been brewed using a time-honoured technique, is made from glutinous rice, the tourists walked into the Xiaogan workshop that dates back over a century. 8. What really matters ______ (be) not the size of the harvest, which can be measured in tons, but the respect we show for every grain that comes from the hard work of farmers who toil in the fields under the sun. 9. The new strain, ______ yields 20 per cent more than conventional rice that has been grown in the region for generations, has been adopted across the Jianghan Plain, where farmers are eager to increase their income. 10. It turns ______ that the rice-shrimp co-culture model, which was initially regarded as an experiment, benefits both farmers who earn more and the local ecosystem which suffers less from chemical fertilisers. （五）完成句子 1. 我们最应铭记的是，每一粒米都凝聚着农民辛勤的汗水，这一点在今天尤为重要。（what引导主语从句 + 非限制性定语从句） ______ is that every grain of rice contains the sweat of hard-working farmers, which is especially important to remember today. 2. 鉴于潜江的稻虾共作模式既能减少化肥使用又能提高农民收入，它已在江汉平原被推广。（given that + 并列结构） ______, which reduces chemical fertilisers while increasing farmers' income, it has been promoted across the Jianghan Plain. 3. 农民们在清晨采收刚成熟的蔬菜，使它们在上市前保持新鲜，以便顾客能买到最佳品质的蔬菜。（动词-ing作结果状语 + 目的状语） The farmers harvest the freshly ripe vegetables at dawn, ______ before they are sold in the market where customers seek the best quality. B组 能力提升 （一）熟词生义（写出句中黑体词的具体含义） 1. The old fisherman was overcome by grief when he saw the reeds of Honghu Lake damaged by the storm. 2. Yuan Longping's vision for "seawater rice" has inspired a new generation of agricultural scientists in Hubei. 3. The village is building an extension to its rice-drying yard so that more lotus roots can be stored in autumn. 4. After reading the report on food waste, it took the students a while to digest the shocking numbers. 5. The old streets of Xiaogan, with their grey roofs and red lanterns, take on a charming aspect at dusk. （二）词根构词（ex-词缀专题，写出句中黑体词的含义） 1. As the demand for organic lotus roots grows, Honghu farmers plan to expand their planting area next spring. 2. The cook carefully extracts the sweet juice from fresh lotus roots to make a traditional dessert. 3. Farmers who work with chemical pesticides must avoid being exposed to the spray for too long. 4. The school decided to expel a student who had deliberately wasted half a plate of rice every day. 5. The amount of food wasted in Hubei each year exceeds the total harvest of several small counties put together. （三）词汇猜测含义题（根据上下文猜测划线词词义） 1. To meet the needs of a growing population that depends heavily on the land, scientists are developing ______ agriculture, a practice that maintains high yields year after year without exhausting the soil or polluting the water that future generations will rely on. 2. The Jianghan Plain, which has plenty of ______ land that can be ploughed and used to grow rice and wheat, has long been known as "land of fish and rice" since ancient times. 3. Rice, which is the ______ food of Hubei people and appears on their dinner table at nearly every meal, has shaped the eating habits of the region for thousands of years. 4. After a good harvest that exceeded all expectations, the village had a ______ of grain, far more than it needed for its own consumption, so the farmers sold the extra rice in the market and used the money to improve their living conditions. （四）完成句子（复合句难度，标注语法点） 1. 我们最应铭记的是，每一粒米都凝聚着农民辛勤的汗水，这一点在今天尤为重要。（what引导主语从句 + 非限制性定语从句） ______ is that every grain of rice contains the sweat of hard-working farmers, which is especially important to remember today. 2. 据估计，全球生产的食物中有三分之一被浪费，这相当于数百万饥饿人口的口粮。（It作形式主语 + 非限制性定语从句） ______ that one-third of the food produced globally is wasted, which could have fed millions of hungry people. 3. 潜江不仅出产在全国广受好评的优质水稻，还养育着中国最鲜美的小龙虾，这使得它成为著名的“中国小龙虾之乡”。（Not only倒装 + 非限制性定语从句） Not only ______ which is widely praised across the country, but it also raises the most delicious crayfish in China, making it the famous "capital of Chinese crayfish". 4. 鉴于洪山菜薹经过霜打后甜度更高、口感更佳，它常在隆冬时节上市，成为武汉人餐桌上的佳肴。（given that + 并列结构） ______, which tastes sweeter and better after the frost, Hongshan cai-tai usually comes to market in mid-winter, becoming a delicacy on Wuhan families' tables. 5. 农民们在清晨采收刚从泥中挖出的莲藕，使其在早市前保持新鲜，以便顾客能买到最新鲜的食材。（动词-ing作结果状语 + 目的状语） The farmers harvest the lotus roots freshly dug from the mud at dawn, ______ before the morning market where customers seek the freshest ingredients. 6. 我们如何在不影响学生用餐质量的前提下减少校园食物浪费，仍然是一个有待解决的复杂问题。（how引导主语从句 + 条件状语从句） ______ without affecting the quality of students' meals remains a complex problem to be solved. （五）一句多译（每句用两种结构翻译，其中一种必须含主语从句） 1. 最重要的是我们应该珍惜每一粒粮食。（用what引导主语从句 / 用it作形式主语） ① _______________________________________________ ② _______________________________________________ 2. 据估计，武汉每年浪费的食物多达两千万公斤。（用It is estimated that / 用As is estimated） ① _______________________________________________ ② _______________________________________________ 3. 我们最关心的是如何减少校园里的食物浪费。（用what引导主语从句 / 用主语从句的简化结构） ① _______________________________________________ ② _______________________________________________ 4. 人们普遍相信粮食安全与国家稳定息息相关。（用It is widely believed that / 用People widely believe） ① _______________________________________________ ② _______________________________________________ 5. 洪山菜薹为何在霜打后更甜仍然是个谜。（用why引导主语从句 / 用It remains a mystery why） ① _______________________________________________ ② _______________________________________________ 第三部分 写作板块（语法+句型+范文） （一）应用文——现象看法类作文：舌尖上的浪费 【题目】 近期你校英语报正在讨论“舌尖上的浪费”这一话题。请你以李华的名义写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1. 描述校园及社会中食物浪费的现象； 2. 分析浪费的原因及危害； 3. 提出你的建议。 注意：写作词数应为100左右（范文约180词，含高级表达）；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【语法接轨——主语从句在应用文中的运用】 主语从句是应用文写作的高频提分句型： · 开头用What concerns us most is that...引出问题； · 分析用It is widely believed that... / It is estimated that...增强客观性； · 结尾用What matters most is that...点题，呼应开头。 例句1：What concerns us most is that large amounts of food are wasted in our canteen every day. 例句2：It is estimated that one-third of the food produced globally ends up in the bin. 例句3：What matters most is that every single grain deserves our respect. 【句型拆解——高分句型】 1. 主语从句（What matters most is...）：用于开头引出问题或结尾点题，如What concerns us most is that food waste is worsening. 2. witness拟人（The past decade has witnessed...）：用于描述现象，如The past decade has witnessed a sharp rise in takeaway waste. 3. given that原因状语：用于分析原因，如Given that students are urged to "save face", they often order more than they can eat. 4. Not only倒装：用于强调危害，如Not only does waste mean a loss of money, but it also wastes precious resources. 5. with复合结构：用于描述场景，如With half-finished dishes left on the table, the canteen looks like a battlefield of waste. 【参考范文】 What concerns us most is that food waste has become a worrying scene both on campus and in society. The past decade has witnessed an alarming rise in wasted meals: in our canteen, students often leave half-finished dishes on the table, while outside, restaurants throw away tonnes of unsold food every night. Given that ordering too much is seen as "generous", many people simply ignore how much is left over. Not only does this waste money, but it also wastes the water, energy and labour that farmers like those in the Jianghan Plain have poured into every grain. What is worse, with rotting food piled up in dustbins, greenhouse gases are released into the air. To reverse this trend, we can follow Wuhan's "N-1" model. What matters most is that we value every grain, for as the old saying goes, every grain on the plate comes from hard toil. 【范文详细解析】 1. 文章结构分析： 开头用What concerns us most引出食物浪费现象，witness拟人带出食堂与餐馆场景。 第2段用given that分析原因，用Not only倒装分析危害。 结尾提出武汉“N-1”模式建议，用What matters most呼应开头。 2. 词汇替换： 普通：We waste a lot of food. → 高级：food waste has become a worrying scene / an alarming rise in wasted meals 普通：This is bad for the environment. → 高级：with rotting food piled up in dustbins, greenhouse gases are released into the air 普通：We should order less. → 高级：follow Wuhan's "N-1" model — for a table of ten, order nine dishes 3. 长难句分析： 【长难句1】What concerns us most is that food waste has become a worrying scene both on campus and in society. 句子结构：What引导主语从句（What concerns us most）+ 系动词is + that引导表语从句。 what在主语从句中作主语；that引导表语从句，不作成分。 翻译：我们最关心的是，食物浪费在校园和社会上都已成为令人担忧的现象。 【长难句2】Not only does this waste money, but it also wastes the water, energy and labour that farmers like those in the Jianghan Plain have poured into every grain. 句子结构：Not only置于句首引起部分倒装（does this waste）+ but also正常语序 + that引导定语从句修饰water, energy and labour。 Not only置于句首引起部分倒装；that引导定语从句，pour...into...意为“倾注”。 翻译：这不仅浪费金钱，还浪费了江汉平原农民倾注到每一粒粮食中的水、能源和劳动。 【长难句3】Given that ordering too much is seen as "generous", many people simply ignore how much is left over. 句子结构：Given that引导原因状语从句 + 主句 + how much引导宾语从句。 given that意为"鉴于"；be seen as意为"被视为"。 翻译：鉴于点得多被视为“慷慨”，许多人根本不在意剩下了多少。 【可填模板】（与范文结构一致） What concerns us most is that ______ has become a worrying scene both on ______ and in society. The past decade has witnessed an alarming rise in ______: in our canteen, students often leave ______, while outside, restaurants throw away ______ every night. Given that ______ is seen as "generous", many people simply ignore how much is left over. Not only does this waste ______, but it also wastes the ______ that farmers like those in the Jianghan Plain have poured into every grain. What is worse, ______. To reverse this trend, we can follow ______ model. What matters most is that we value every grain, for as the old saying goes, every grain on the plate comes from hard toil. （二）读后续写微技能——田间劳动·丰收场景（完成句子训练） 主题：田间劳动 / 丰收场景 / 乡村生活 （1）动作描写语块 bend down to plant seedlings 弯腰插秧（田间） wipe sweat from one's forehead 擦去额上汗水（田间） carry baskets of vegetables on the shoulder 肩挑菜篮（集市/田间） kneel in the mud to harvest lotus roots 跪在泥里挖藕（洪湖水面） stretch out hands to catch the full rice ears 伸手捧起饱满稻穗（稻田） stomp on the rice straw to separate the grain 踩踏稻秸脱粒（晒谷场） （2）情感描写语块 a surge of pride rose in one's chest 心中涌起一阵自豪（丰收时） eyes sparkling with joy 双眼闪烁着喜悦（集市成交） heart filled with gratitude to the land 心中充满对土地的感激（收获时） a sense of achievement washed over sb 成就感涌上心头（脱粒后） unable to hide a broad smile 掩饰不住灿烂的笑容（看到稻虾双收） a warm feeling spreading through one's body 一股暖意流遍全身（家人共享藕汤） （3）环境描写语块 golden rice fields swaying gently in the breeze 金色稻田在微风中轻轻摇曳（江汉平原） the scent of ripe lotus roots rising from the mud 成熟莲藕的香气从泥中升起（洪湖） thin smoke curling from kitchen chimneys in the village 村中炊烟袅袅（黄昏） sunlight spilling over the vast green paddies 阳光洒在广阔的绿色稻田上（清晨） crayfish darting through the clear water of the rice field 小龙虾在稻田清水里穿梭（潜江） frost on the cai-tai leaves shining in the winter sun 冬日阳光下菜叶上的霜闪闪发亮（洪山） （4）完成句子训练（用上述语块/句型完成） 1. （动作）弯腰插秧时，老农民擦去额上的汗水，________。（用wipe sweat from...补全） 2. （情感）看到满仓的稻谷，________（一股自豪的情绪在他心中涌起），他忍不住笑了。 3. （环境）清晨的洪湖，________（成熟莲藕的香气从泥中升起），渔民们开始了一天的劳作。 4. （金句）As the saying goes, "No pains, no gains." 请用一句英语表达"每一粒粮食都来之不易"：________。 金句积累：The fruit of labour is the sweetest of all pleasures.（劳动的果实最甜美。） 第四部分 答案与解析 一、核心词汇当堂训练参考答案（13题） 1. devote 【答案】finding 【解析】devote...to doing sth 结构中to为介词，后接动名词finding。 2. convince 【答案】of 【解析】convince sb of sth 意为“使某人相信某事”，固定搭配。 3. assume/assumption 【答案】assumption 【解析】on the assumption that 意为"假定……"，用名词assumption。 4. overcome 【答案】Overcome 【解析】过去分词短语Overcome by curiosity作原因状语，逻辑主语为the tourists，句首大写。（此处overcome为被动分词，意为"被……打动"。） 5. expand 【答案】into 【解析】expand into 意为“扩展到；发展成”，固定搭配。 6. alternative 【答案】to switch 【解析】have no alternative but to do sth 意为"别无选择只能做某事"，后接不定式。（注意have no alternative but to do与alternative to sth搭配不同。） 7. tackle 【答案】is 【解析】which引导定语从句修饰food waste，先行词为单数，谓语用is。 8. boost 【答案】to boost 【解析】aim to do sth 意为“旨在做某事”，后接不定式。 9. yield 【答案】yields 【解析】which引导定语从句先行词为单数strain，谓语用第三人称单数yields。 10. organic 【答案】Having switched 【解析】现在分词完成式作原因状语，表示先于主句动作发生，句首大写。（考试优先用完成式Having switched。） 11. consume 【答案】consumption 【解析】定冠词the后接名词consumption，意为"消费量"。 12. conventional 【答案】Conventional 【解析】形容词conventional修饰名词methods，句首大写。 13. alleviate 【答案】alleviates 【解析】which引导定语从句先行词为单数policy，谓语用第三人称单数alleviates。 二、A组 基础过关 答案 （一）核心词块默写（纯答案） 1. devote...to 2. be comprised of 3. deep down 4. in turn 5. for instance 6. It is estimated that... 7. tackle crisis 8. intense effort 9. be rich in nutrition 10. switch to organic farming 11. care little for celebrity or money 12. retire to a life of leisure 13. food security 14. hybrid rice 15. chemical pesticides 16. artificial fertilisers 17. sustainable agriculture 18. food shortage 19. overcome difficulties 20. organic farming 21. conventional methods 22. alleviate poverty 23. attain a goal 24. have no alternative but to do （二）派生词默写 1.【答案】devoted 【解析】形容词devoted作表语，be devoted to意为"致力于"。 2.【答案】assumption 【解析】on the assumption that固定搭配，用名词。 3.【答案】chemical 【解析】形容词chemical修饰名词pesticides。 4.【答案】depth 【解析】in depth为固定短语，意为“深入地”，用名词。 5.【答案】short 【解析】be short of意为“短缺”，用形容词。 6.【答案】consumption 【解析】定冠词the后接名词consumption，意为"消费量"。 7.【答案】convinced 【解析】be convinced of意为"确信"，用形容词convinced。 8.【答案】expansion 【解析】定冠词the后接名词expansion，意为“扩大”。 9.【答案】nutritious 【解析】形容词nutritious作表语，意为“有营养的”。 10.【答案】essential 【解析】It is essential that...结构，用形容词。 11.【答案】intense 【解析】形容词intense修饰名词training。 12.【答案】digestive 【解析】形容词digestive修饰名词system，意为“消化系统”。 13.【答案】alternative 【解析】alternative在此作名词，意为“替代选择”，因前有不定冠词an。 14.【答案】entire 【解析】形容词entire修饰名词village，意为“整个的”。 15.【答案】agricultural 【解析】形容词agricultural修饰名词technology，意为"农业的"。 （三）短语填空 1.【答案】is comprised of 【解析】be comprised of意为"由……组成"，主语team为单数。 2.【答案】switched to 【解析】switch to意为“转向”，根据语境用过去式。 3.【答案】tackle 【解析】tackle the problem意为“解决问题”，to后接动词原形。 4.【答案】have no alternative but to 【解析】have no alternative but to do意为"别无选择只能做"。 5.【答案】expanded into 【解析】expand into意为“扩展到”，现在完成时用过去分词。 6.【答案】in turn 【解析】in turn意为“相应地；依次”，作状语。 （四）单句语法填空 1. What 【解析】what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，意为“……的事物”。 2. that 【解析】It is estimated that...固定句型，it作形式主语，that引导真正主语从句。 3. Whether 【解析】whether引导主语从句，意为“是否”，位于句首不能用if。 4. that 【解析】given that意为“鉴于”，固定搭配。 5. making 【解析】现在分词作结果状语，表自然结果。 6. does 【解析】Not only置于句首引起部分倒装，主语Qianjiang为单数，用does。 7. Overcome 【解析】过去分词作原因状语，逻辑主语tourists与overcome为被动关系，句首大写。 8. is 【解析】主语从句What really matters作主语，谓语用单数is。 9. which 【解析】which引导非限制性定语从句修饰strain，逗号后不能用that，在从句中作主语。 10. out 【解析】It turns out that...为固定句型，意为“结果是……”。 （五）完成句子 1.【答案】What we should remember most 【解析】what引导主语从句，what在从句中作宾语，意为“……的事物”。 2.【答案】Given that the rice-shrimp co-culture model in Qianjiang is both eco-friendly and profitable 【解析】given that引导原因状语从句，意为"鉴于"。 3.【答案】making them stay fresh 【解析】现在分词making作结果状语，make sb/sth do结构。 三、B组 能力提升 答案 （一）熟词生义 1.【答案】受到……极大影响（be overcome by grief 悲痛欲绝） 【解析】overcome熟义为“克服”，此处为被动语态表“被……情绪强烈影响”。 2.【答案】愿景；构想 【解析】vision熟义为“视力”，此处指对未来的展望与构想。 3.【答案】扩建部分；增建部分 【解析】extension熟义为“延伸”，此处指稻田晾晒场的扩建。 4.【答案】理解；领会 【解析】digest熟义为“消化”，此处指消化、理解信息。 5.【答案】外观；样子；面貌 【解析】aspect熟义为“方面”，此处指街道在黄昏时的外观面貌。 （二）词根构词（ex-词缀专题） 1.【答案】扩大；扩展 【解析】ex-向外+pand展开，此处指扩大种植面积。 2.【答案】提取；榨出 【解析】ex-出+tract拉，指从莲藕中榨取甜汁。 3.【答案】暴露于；接触 【解析】ex-向外+pose放，指暴露于农药喷雾中。 4.【答案】开除；驱逐 【解析】ex-出+pel推，指将学生逐出学校。 5.【答案】超过；超出 【解析】ex-出+ceed走，指浪费量超过正常水平。 （三）词汇猜测含义题 1.【答案】可持续的；不破坏生态平衡的 【解析】通过定语从句"year after year without exhausting the soil or polluting the water"猜出sustainable意为"可持续的"。 2.【答案】可耕种的；适于耕作的 【解析】通过定语从句"that can be ploughed and used to grow rice and wheat"猜出arable意为"适于耕种的"。 3.【答案】主要的；主食的 【解析】通过定语从句"which appears on their dinner table at nearly every meal"以及上下文"shaped the eating habits"猜出staple意为"主要的；主食的"。 4.【答案】过剩的；剩余的 【解析】通过对比线索"far more than it needed for its own consumption"以及"sold the extra rice"猜出surplus意为"过剩的、剩余的"。 （四）完成句子 1.【答案】What we should remember most 【解析】what引导主语从句，what在从句中作宾语。 2.【答案】It is estimated 【解析】It作形式主语，真正主语是that从句。 3.【答案】does Qianjiang produce high-quality rice 【解析】Not only置于句首引起部分倒装，助动词does提前。 4.【答案】Given that Hongshan cai-tai tastes sweeter and better after the frost 【解析】given that引导原因状语从句。 5.【答案】making them stay fresh 【解析】现在分词作结果状语。 6.【答案】How we can reduce campus food waste 【解析】how引导主语从句，how在从句中作方式状语。 （五）一句多译（参考答案） 1.【答案】What matters most is that we should value every grain. / It is most important that we should value every grain. 第一句用what引导主语从句，第二句用it作形式主语。 2.【答案】It is estimated that Wuhan wastes as much as 20 million kilograms of food every year. / As is estimated, Wuhan wastes... 【解析】第一句含主语从句，第二句用as引导非限制性定语从句。 3.【答案】What concerns us most is how to reduce campus food waste. / Our biggest concern is how to reduce campus food waste. 【解析】第一句what引导主语从句，第二句简化为名词短语作主语。 4.【答案】It is widely believed that food security is closely related to national stability. / People widely believe that food security is closely related to national stability. 【解析】第一句it作形式主语含主语从句，第二句people作主语。 5.【答案】Why Hongshan cai-tai tastes sweeter after the frost remains a mystery. / It remains a mystery why Hongshan cai-tai tastes sweeter after the frost. 【解析】第一句why引导主语从句，第二句it作形式主语。 四、重点句式仿写参考答案（5题） 句式1：【参考答案】What worries us most 【解析】what引导主语从句，what在从句中作主语，意为“……的事物”，句首大写。 句式2：【参考答案】Given that the rice-shrimp co-culture model in Qianjiang is eco-friendly 【解析】given that引导原因状语从句，句首大写。 句式3：【答案】making them stay fresh 【解析】现在分词作结果状语，逻辑主语为整个主句。 句式4：【答案】It is estimated that 【解析】It作形式主语，that引导真正主语从句，句首大写。 句式5：【答案】does Hongshan cai-tai taste delicious 【解析】Not only置于句首引起部分倒装，助动词does提前，后接主语和谓语动词原形。（but also分句不倒装。） 五、读后续写微技能完成句子训练参考答案（4题） 1.【答案】wiping sweat from his forehead 【解析】现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示与主句动作同时发生；wipe sweat from one's forehead 意为"擦去额上的汗水"，与动作描写语块对应。 2.【答案】a surge of pride rose in his chest 【解析】a surge of pride rose in one's chest 意为"一股自豪的情绪在某人心中涌起"，与情感描写语块对应；时态用一般过去时，与后文语境保持一致。 3.【答案】with the scent of ripe lotus roots rising from the mud 【解析】with复合结构（with + 宾语 + 现在分词）作伴随状语，描绘环境氛围；the scent of ripe lotus roots rising from the mud 意为"成熟莲藕的香气从泥中升起"，与环境描写语块及洪湖语境对应。 4.【答案】Every grain of rice comes from hard toil. 【解析】every grain of rice 意为"每一粒粮食"；come from hard toil 意为"来自辛勤的劳作"，即"来之不易"。与范文表达呼应。 —— 全文完 —— 本讲义例句、习题均以湖北六大荆楚素材为背景原创改编，适用于课堂教学。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $