内容正文:
Unit 2 Greener Planet, Better Home Preparing for the topic 课时1&2&3
第一课时 Listening & Speaking
1. take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事
【教材原句】We must take action to protect our environment.
【讲解】
take action to do sth. 意为“采取行动做某事”,action 是不可数名词,前面不加冠词 an。
常见搭配:take immediate action(立即采取行动);take strong action(采取强硬措施);take effective action(采取有效措施)。
action 作名词还可表示“行动;行为;作用”,常见搭配:in action(在行动中;在起作用);Actions speak louder than words.(事实胜于雄辩。)
【例句】
• The government took action to reduce pollution. 政府采取行动减少污染。
• We need to take action now before it's too late. 我们需要现在就采取行动,以免为时过晚。
• Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于言辞。
【练习题】
1. 选择:We must ______ to save energy. A. take action B. take actions C. take an action D. make action
答案:A
2. 翻译:学校已经采取行动来改善校园环境。
答案:The school has taken action to improve the campus environment.
2. put…at risk 把……置于危险之中
【教材原句】Air pollution puts our health at risk.
【讲解】
put…at risk 意为“把……置于危险之中;使……面临风险”,risk 是名词,意为“危险;风险”。
拓展短语:take risks / take a risk(冒险);risk doing sth.(冒险做某事);at the risk of(冒着……的危险);reduce the risk of(降低……的风险)。
risk 也可作动词,意为“冒……的危险”,后接名词或动名词。
【例句】
• Smoking puts your health at risk. 吸烟危及你的健康。
• He risked his life to save the child. 他冒着生命危险救了那个孩子。
• Don't take the risk of driving after drinking. 不要冒险酒后驾车。
【练习题】
1. 选择:The heavy rain ______ the crops ______. A. puts; at risk B. puts; in risk C. takes; at risk D. makes; at risk
答案:A
2. 用所给词适当形式填空:He risked ______ (lose) his job to help me.
答案:losing
3. several adj. 几个;数个
【教材原句】Several students have joined the environmental club.
【讲解】
several 是形容词,意为“几个;数个”,修饰可数名词复数,相当于 a few,但比 a few 稍正式。
several 表示“三个以上但不多”,后面直接接复数名词,不加 of(除非后面是代词或限定词+名词)。
辨析:several(几个,至少3个);a few(一些,几个,肯定含义);few(几乎没有,否定含义)。
【例句】
• I have several books on this topic. 我有几本关于这个话题的书。
• Several of my friends are from abroad. 我的几个朋友来自国外。
• There are several reasons for this. 这有几个原因。
【练习题】
1. 选择:______ people were injured in the accident. A. Much B. Little C. Several D. A little
答案:C
2. 翻译:我已经去过北京几次了。
答案:I have been to Beijing several times.
第二课时 Function, Pronunciation
1. sort v. 分类;整理;n. 种类
【教材原句】We should sort the waste before throwing it away.
【讲解】
sort 作动词,意为“分类;整理;挑选”,常见搭配:sort out(整理;解决;挑选出);sort…into…(把……分成……)。
作名词,意为“种类;类别”,相当于 kind / type,常见搭配:a sort of(一种);all sorts of(各种各样的);sort of(有点儿,口语)。
辨析:sort(较正式,指大体相似的事物归为一类);kind(最常用,指同类事物);type(强调类型、型号)。
【例句】
• Please sort the letters by date. 请按日期把信件分类。
• We need to sort out this problem. 我们需要解决这个问题。
• There are all sorts of flowers in the garden. 花园里有各种各样的花。
【练习题】
1. 选择:Please ______ the waste paper and plastic bottles. A. sort out B. sort of C. a sort of D. sort into
答案:A
2. 翻译:我们应该把垃圾分类投放。
答案:We should sort the waste into different bins.
2. interview v. 采访;面试;n. 面试;采访
【教材原句】A reporter interviewed the scientist about his research.
【讲解】
interview 作动词,意为“采访;面试;会见”,常见搭配:interview sb. about sth.(就某事采访某人);interview sb. for a job(为某职位面试某人)。
作名词,意为“面试;采访;会见”,常见搭配:have an interview(进行面试/采访);job interview(求职面试);give an interview(接受采访)。
派生词:interviewer(面试官;采访者);interviewee(被面试者;被采访者)。
【例句】
• The manager will interview five people today. 经理今天要面试五个人。
• She gave an interview to the local newspaper. 她接受了当地报纸的采访。
• I have a job interview tomorrow. 我明天有个求职面试。
【练习题】
1. 选择:The reporter ______ the famous actor yesterday. A. interviewed B. interviewed with C. interviewed about D. interview
答案:A
2. 翻译:记者就环保问题采访了市长。
答案:The reporter interviewed the mayor about environmental protection.
3. environmental adj. 环境的
【教材原句】We should pay attention to environmental protection.
【讲解】
environmental 是形容词,意为“环境的;有关环境的”,由名词 environment + -al 构成。
常见搭配:environmental protection(环境保护);environmental pollution(环境污染);environmental organization(环保组织);environmental problem(环境问题)。
environment 是名词,意为“环境”,可指自然环境或周围环境;environmentally 是副词,意为“在环境方面”。
【例句】
• Environmental protection is everyone's responsibility. 环境保护是每个人的责任。
• The factory caused serious environmental damage. 这家工厂造成了严重的环境破坏。
• We should live in an environmentally friendly way. 我们应该以环保的方式生活。
【练习题】
1. 用所给词适当形式填空:Everyone should care about ______ (environment) protection.
答案:environmental
2. 翻译:这家公司因环境污染被罚款。
答案:The company was fined for environmental pollution.
4. pardon int. 请再说一遍;v. 原谅;宽恕
【教材原句】Pardon? Could you say that again?
【讲解】
pardon 作感叹词,意为“(用于请求别人重复)请再说一遍”,相当于 I beg your pardon? / Pardon me?
作动词,意为“原谅;宽恕;赦免”,常见搭配:pardon sb. for (doing) sth.(原谅某人做某事);pardon sb. sth.(原谅某人某事)。
作名词,意为“原谅;赦免”,常见搭配:ask for pardon(请求原谅);general pardon(大赦)。
【例句】
• Pardon me, I didn't hear you clearly. 对不起,我没听清你的话。
• Please pardon me for being late. 请原谅我迟到了。
• I beg your pardon? 请再说一遍好吗?
【练习题】
1. 选择:— I didn't catch what you said. — ______? A. Pardon B. Sorry C. Excuse D. Thanks
答案:A
2. 翻译:请原谅我打断你一下。
答案:Pardon me for interrupting you.
5. the three Rs — reduce, reuse and recycle 3R原则
【教材原句】The three Rs are reduce, reuse and recycle.
【讲解】
the three Rs 指环保3R原则:reduce(减量化——减少使用)、reuse(再利用——重复使用)、recycle(再循环——回收利用)。
reduce 动词,意为“减少;降低”,常见搭配:reduce pollution(减少污染);reduce waste(减少浪费)。
reuse 动词,意为“再利用;重复使用”,re- 前缀表示“再;重新”。
recycle 动词,意为“回收利用;使再循环”,派生词:recyclable(可回收的);recycling(回收利用)。
【例句】
• We should reduce the use of plastic bags. 我们应该减少塑料袋的使用。
• We can reuse old bottles as flower pots. 我们可以把旧瓶子再利用当花盆。
• Paper can be recycled to make new paper. 纸可以回收制成新纸。
【练习题】
1. 选择:Which of the following is NOT one of the three Rs? A. Reduce B. Reuse C. Recycle D. Repeat
答案:D
2. 翻译:3R原则是减少、再利用和回收。
答案:The three Rs are reduce, reuse and recycle.
6. donate v. 捐赠;赠送
【教材原句】Many people donated money to the disaster area.
【讲解】
donate 是动词,意为“捐赠;赠送”,常见搭配:donate sth. to sb./sth.(向某人/某物捐赠某物);donate blood(献血);donate money(捐款)。
donation 是名词,意为“捐赠物;捐款”,常见搭配:make a donation(捐款);charity donation(慈善捐款)。
donor 是名词,意为“捐赠者;献血者”。
【例句】
• He donated his old books to the library. 他把旧书捐给了图书馆。
• Many people donated blood after the earthquake. 地震后许多人献了血。
• The charity received a large donation. 这家慈善机构收到了一笔大额捐款。
【练习题】
1. 选择:She ______ a lot of money ______ the children in need. A. donated; for B. donated; to C. gave; for D. sent; for
答案:B
2. 翻译:他把大部分收入捐给了慈善机构。
答案:He donated most of his income to charity.
7. turn…into… 把……变成……
【教材原句】We can turn waste into useful things.
【讲解】
turn…into… 意为“把……变成……;把……翻译成……”,强调状态的改变。
拓展短语:turn into(变成;成为);turn to(转向;求助于;翻到);turn on(打开);turn off(关闭);turn up(出现;调大);turn down(拒绝;调小);turn over(翻转;移交)。
辨析:turn…into…(使变成,强调结果);change…into…(把……变成,强调变化过程)。
【例句】
• The caterpillar turns into a butterfly. 毛毛虫变成蝴蝶。
• Please turn this sentence into English. 请把这个句子翻译成英语。
• Water turns into ice when it freezes. 水结冰时变成冰。
【练习题】
1. 选择:The old factory has been ______ a museum. A. turned into B. turned to C. turned on D. turned off
答案:A
2. 翻译:我们可以把废物变成有用的东西。
答案:We can turn waste into useful things.
第三课时 Thinking Skills, Reading Strategies
1. negative adj. 消极的;负面的;否定的
【教材原句】Too much screen time has negative effects on children's health.
【讲解】
negative 是形容词,意为“消极的;负面的;否定的”,反义词为 positive(积极的;肯定的)。
常见搭配:negative effects(负面影响);negative attitude(消极态度);negative answer(否定回答);negative number(负数)。
have negative effects on… 意为“对……产生负面影响”,相当于 have a bad influence on…。
【例句】
• Don't have a negative attitude towards life. 不要对生活持消极态度。
• Smoking has negative effects on your health. 吸烟对你的健康有负面影响。
• He gave a negative answer to our request. 他对我们的请求给予了否定回答。
【练习题】
1. 选择:Watching too much TV has ______ effects on your eyes. A. positive B. negative C. active D. creative
答案:B
2. 翻译:我们应该避免对环境产生负面影响。
答案:We should avoid having negative effects on the environment.
2. blood n. 血;血液
【教材原句】He lost a lot of blood in the accident.
【讲解】
blood 是不可数名词,意为“血;血液”,没有复数形式。
常见搭配:high blood pressure(高血压);blood type(血型);blood test(验血);donate blood(献血);flesh and blood(血肉之躯;亲人)。
bloody 是形容词,意为“血腥的;流血的”。
【例句】
• The doctor took a blood sample. 医生取了血样。
• My blood type is O. 我的血型是O型。
• He donated blood to save the patient. 他献血救了那个病人。
【练习题】
1. 选择:The old man has high ______ pressure. A. blood B. bloody C. bleed D. bleeding
答案:A
2. 翻译:他在事故中流了很多血。
答案:He lost a lot of blood in the accident.
3. besides prep. 除……之外(还有);adv. 此外
【教材原句】Besides English, he can also speak French.
【讲解】
besides 作介词,意为“除……之外(还有)”,表示包含关系,即“除了A还有B”,A和B都包括在内。
作副词,意为“此外;而且;另外”,相当于 in addition / moreover。
辨析:besides(除……之外还有,包含);except(除……之外,排除,不包含);except for(除了……之外,指除去瑕疵或不同类事物)。
【例句】
• Besides math, I also like physics. 除了数学,我还喜欢物理。(两门都喜欢)
• Everyone is here except Tom. 除了汤姆,大家都在。(汤姆不在)
• The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 这篇作文很好,除了几处拼写错误。
【练习题】
1. 选择:______ English, we also learn Chinese and math. A. Except B. Besides C. Except for D. But
答案:B
2. 用besides/except填空:All the students passed the exam ______ John.
答案:except
4. correctly adv. 正确地;准确地
【教材原句】Please answer the question correctly.
【讲解】
correctly 是副词,意为“正确地;准确地”,由形容词 correct + -ly 构成,修饰动词。
correct 作形容词,意为“正确的;恰当的”,相当于 right;作动词,意为“批改;纠正;改正”。
常见搭配:correct answer(正确答案);correct mistakes(纠正错误);correct spelling(正确拼写)。
【例句】
• Can you pronounce this word correctly? 你能正确读出这个单词吗?
• The teacher corrected our homework. 老师批改了我们的作业。
• Please correct me if I am wrong. 如果我错了请纠正我。
【练习题】
1. 用所给词适当形式填空:Please check if your name is spelled ______ (correct).
答案:correctly
2. 选择:He ______ my mistakes in the composition. A. corrected B. correct C. correctly D. correction
答案:A
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