内容正文:
Unit 2 Greener Planet, Better Home Exploring the topic 课时4&5
第四课时 Theme Reading
1. encourage v. 鼓励;激励
【教材原句】Our teacher encourages us to speak English in class.
【讲解】
encourage 是动词,意为“鼓励;激励;促进”,常见搭配:encourage sb. to do sth.(鼓励某人做某事)。
反义表达:discourage sb. from doing sth.(阻止某人做某事;使某人泄气)。
派生词:encouragement(名词,鼓励);encouraging(形容词,令人鼓舞的);encouraged(形容词,受到鼓舞的)。
【例句】
• My parents encourage me to try new things. 我父母鼓励我尝试新事物。
• The good news encouraged us all. 这个好消息鼓舞了我们所有人。
• With your encouragement, I decided to take part in the competition. 在你的鼓励下,我决定参加比赛。
【练习题】
1. 用所给词适当形式填空:The teacher encouraged us ______ (work) harder.
答案:to work
2. 翻译:我们应该鼓励孩子们多读书。
答案:We should encourage children to read more books.
2. take the chance to do sth. 抓住机会做某事
【教材原句】I will take the chance to learn from the experienced workers.
【讲解】
take the chance to do sth. 意为“抓住机会做某事”,也可表达为 take the opportunity to do sth.。
chance 作名词,意为“机会;可能性;运气”,常见搭配:have a chance to do sth.(有机会做某事);by chance(偶然;碰巧);There is no chance that…(不可能……)。
辨析:chance(侧重偶然或运气带来的机会);opportunity(侧重有利的时机或机会,较正式)。
【例句】
• I met her by chance at the airport. 我在机场偶然遇见了她。
• Take the chance to travel while you are young. 趁年轻抓住机会去旅行吧。
• There is a chance that he will come. 他有可能会来。
【练习题】
1. 选择:I ______ to visit the Great Wall when I was in Beijing. A. took the chance B. took chance C. had the chance D. both A and C
答案:D
2. 翻译:我偶然在书店遇到了我的老师。
答案:I met my teacher by chance in the bookstore.
3. cooperate v. 合作;协作
【教材原句】The two companies decided to cooperate on the project.
【讲解】
cooperate 是动词,意为“合作;协作;配合”,常见搭配:cooperate with sb.(与某人合作);cooperate in (doing) sth.(在某事上合作)。
cooperation 是名词,意为“合作;协作”,常见搭配:international cooperation(国际合作);in cooperation with(与……合作)。
cooperative 是形容词,意为“合作的;协作的”。
【例句】
• We should cooperate with each other to finish the task. 我们应该互相合作完成任务。
• The two countries have close cooperation in trade. 两国在贸易方面有密切合作。
• The students worked in cooperation with each other. 学生们互相协作。
【练习题】
1. 选择:The two teams will ______ each other to complete the project. A. cooperate B. cooperate with C. cooperate to D. cooperate in
答案:B
2. 翻译:我们需要与其他公司合作开发新产品。
答案:We need to cooperate with other companies to develop new products.
4. found v. 创立;创办;建立
【教材原句】The organization was founded in 2000.
【讲解】
found 是动词,意为“创立;创办;建立”,过去式和过去分词均为 founded。
注意:find(找到)的过去式/过去分词是 found,不要与动词 found(创立)混淆。
常见搭配:found a company(创办公司);found an organization(创立组织);found a school(创办学校)。
派生词:foundation(名词,基础;基金会;创立);founder(名词,创始人;奠基者)。
【例句】
• He founded a new company last year. 他去年创办了一家新公司。
• The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949. 中华人民共和国成立于1949年。
• I found my lost keys yesterday. 我昨天找到了丢失的钥匙。(find的过去式)
【练习题】
1. 选择:The school was ______ in 1980. A. found B. founded C. find D. finding
答案:B
2. 用find/found的适当形式填空:The PRC ______ in 1949.
答案:was founded
5. set up 创建;建立;设立
【教材原句】A new hospital was set up in our town last year.
【讲解】
set up 意为“创建;建立;设立;搭建”,可指建立组织、机构、制度,也可指搭建具体物体。
拓展短语:set out(出发;开始);set off(出发;引爆);set aside(留出;搁置);set down(记下;放下);set about(开始做)。
辨析:set up(建立组织、机构等);build(建造建筑物等具体事物);found(创立,较正式,强调创始)。
【例句】
• They set up a new company last month. 他们上个月成立了一家新公司。
• We set up a tent in the park. 我们在公园里搭起了帐篷。
• They set out early in the morning. 他们一大早就出发了。
【练习题】
1. 选择:The government has ______ a new committee to deal with the problem. A. set out B. set up C. set off D. set down
答案:B
2. 翻译:他们在小镇上建立了一所新学校。
答案:They set up a new school in the town.
第五课时 Grammar in Use
1. 前缀 re-:再;重新;向后;返回
【教材原句】We should reuse and recycle to protect the environment.
【讲解】
前缀 re- 加在动词前,主要有两个含义:①表示“再;重新”,如 rewrite(重写)、review(复习)、rebuild(重建)、return(返回);②表示“向后;回”,如 recall(回忆)、react(反应)。
常见 re- 前缀单词:reuse(再利用)、recycle(回收)、reduce(减少)、repeat(重复)、replace(取代)、remind(提醒)、recover(恢复)、rebuild(重建)。
注意:re- 前缀后的动词如果以 e 开头,可能需要加连字符,如 re-enter(重新进入)、re-elect(重新选举),但大多数情况下直接连写。
【例句】
• Please rewrite the composition. 请重写这篇作文。
• We should review our lessons every day. 我们应该每天复习功课。
• The city was rebuilt after the earthquake. 这座城市在地震后重建了。
【练习题】
1. 写出下列单词的含义:reuse ______;recycle ______;rebuild ______
答案:再利用;回收利用;重建
2. 选择:You should ______ the article before handing it in. A. write B. rewrite C. re-write D. writing
答案:B
2. 现在完成时(Ⅱ):延续性动词与非延续性动词
【教材原句】I have lived here for ten years.
【讲解】
现在完成时中,与 for + 一段时间 或 since + 时间点/从句 连用时,必须使用延续性动词,不能使用非延续性动词(瞬间动词)。
for + 时间段:for two years(两年);for a long time(很长时间)。
since + 时间点/从句:since 2010(自从2010年);since he came here(自从他来这里)。
常见瞬间动词变延续性动词:buy → have;borrow → keep;die → be dead;join → be in / be a member of;come/go → be in;leave → be away;begin/start → be on;marry → be married;open → be open;close → be closed。
例句:He has bought the car for two years.(错误)→ He has had the car for two years.(正确)
【例句】
• I have kept this book for two weeks. 这本书我已经借了两周了。
• She has been away from home since last Monday. 她从上周一就不在家了。
• The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已经开始十分钟了。
【练习题】
1. 选择:He ______ the army for three years. A. has joined B. has been in C. joined D. has taken part in
答案:B
2. 改错:He has died for five years. → ____________________
答案:He has been dead for five years.
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