精品解析：江苏南通启秀中学 2026-2027学年 上学期八年级英语第一次阶段学情自测

初二年级英语作业 第一部分 语篇理解（共三节，满分40分） 第一节 信息获取与识别（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分） 1. 结合以下语篇内容，完成小题。 Wool comes from the soft coat of sheep, and people have used it for over 12,000 years. Making wool products, however, takes a lot of work. First, farmers cut the wool off the sheep by hand in spring. Then the wool is washed in water to remove dirt and oil—this process is called scouring. Finally, the wool is made into yarn (纱线) and then into warm sweaters and scarves. 1. Which picture correctly shows “scouring”? A. B. C. D. 【答案】C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了羊毛的来源及其加工过程，包括剪羊毛、洗羊毛（scouring）、纺成纱线并最终制成毛衣和围巾等羊毛制品。 【1题详解】 第二段提到：“Then the wool is washed in water to remove dirt and oil — this process is called scouring.”（然后羊毛在水中清洗以去除污垢和油脂——这个过程被称为scouring）。结合选项图片，A图是剪羊毛，B图是羊毛织物，C图是将羊毛放入水盆中清洗，D图是纺线。因此，C图正确展示了“scouring”的过程。 结合以下语篇内容，完成小题。 The 2nd Poetry Festival (August 22nd – 24th) Get on the Poetry Bus and enjoy poems! Students from Springleaf Primary School will recite their favourite poems on the bus, and their teachers have prepared different poems according to their tastes. The journey begins at Steinfield Interchange and ends at Winslow Interchange. During the festival, you can also talk with famous poets about the structure of poems and join poetry reading meetings in public libraries. Write an original poem and send it to the Library Board by August 18th. All competitors will receive a free book! 2. When is the festival? A. B. C. D. 3. Where will the Poetry Bus finally stop? A. Springleaf Primary School. B. Steinfield Interchange. C. Winslow Interchange. D. City public library. 【答案】2. B 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一则活动海报，介绍第二届诗歌节的举办时间、诗歌巴士活动、诗人交流、原创诗歌比赛等相关内容，吸引读者参与本次诗歌节。 【2题详解】 标题“August 22nd–24th”直接给出活动时间： 8月22日至24日，对应B选项日历。 【3题详解】 原文“The journey begins at Steinfield Interchange and ends at Winslow Interchange.”：ends at意为“终点在”，和题干中的finally stop“最终停靠”同义替换，故终点站是Winslow Interchange。 结合以下语篇，完成小题。 Every summer, many people like to spend their holidays by the sea. Have you noticed that a cool wind often blows from the sea to the land in the daytime? People call it the sea breeze (海风). During the day, the land gets warm much faster than the sea. The hot air over the land rises up, and the cooler air over the sea moves towards the land to take its place. So the wind blows from the sea to the land. At night, the land cools down faster than the sea. Then the wind changes its direction and blows from the land to the sea. 4. When does the wind blow from the land to the sea? A. In the morning. B. In the daytime. C. At night. D. All day long. 5. Which diagram shows why the sea breeze blows in the daytime? A. B. C. D. 【答案】4. C 5. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍海风的形成原理：白天陆地升温快，热空气上升，海上冷空气流向陆地形成海风；夜晚陆地降温更快，风向逆转，风从陆地吹向海洋。 【4题详解】 第一段末尾给出信息：“At night, the land cools down faster than the sea. Then the wind changes its direction and blows from the land to the sea.”，说明在夜晚，风从陆地吹向大海。 【5题详解】 第一段描述白天海风原理：“During the day, the land gets warm much faster than the sea. The hot air over the land rises up, and the cooler air over the sea moves towards the land to take its place.”，也就是陆地上空气向上，海上空气流向陆地，对应D图。 结合以下语篇内容，完成小题。 Do plants “breathe” in water? Yes! Green plants take in air and use light, water and air to make their own food. During this process, they give off a gas. Welcome to the Sunshine Science Club. Let’s do an experiment with hydrilla (黑藻), a common water plant. 1. Put some hydrilla into a jar full of water. 2. Place the jar 10 cm from a lamp and watch the small bubbles (气泡) coming from the leaves. 3. Count the bubbles in one minute and write down the number. 4. Move the jar 20 cm, and then 30 cm away from the lamp. Count the bubbles again each time. What did you find? The closer the jar is to the lamp, the more bubbles appear in a minute. The gas in the bubbles is oxygen (氧气)—the same gas that we need to breathe! 6. Which graph shows the result of the experiment? (distance: 距离) A. B. C. D. 7. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To show why fish need oxygen in the water. B. To explain how plants make food through an experiment. C. To teach students ways to grow water plants at home. D. To introduce different kinds of gases in the air. 【答案】6. A 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了植物“呼吸”的过程，并通过一个关于黑藻的实验来说明光照距离对植物产生氧气气泡数量的影响，即离灯越近，气泡越多。 【6题详解】 根据实验步骤第四步“Move the jar 20 cm, and then 30 cm away from the lamp. Count the bubbles again each time.”以及实验结果“The closer the jar is to the lamp, the more bubbles appear in a minute.”可知，距离灯越近（10cm），气泡数量越多；距离越远（30cm），气泡数量越少。图A显示随着距离增加，气泡数量减少，符合实验结果。 【7题详解】 通读全文可知，文章通过介绍植物制造食物并释放氧气的过程，引导学生进行黑藻实验来观察这一现象，目的是通过实验来解释植物如何制造食物（光合作用）。 8. When did Ann Makosinski invent the special flashlight? A. In 1824. B. In 1873. C. In 1905. D. In 2013. 9. Who invented something to solve his/ her own problem? A. Louis Braille. B. Chester Greenwood. C. Frank Epperson. D. Ann Makosinski. 10. Who can be on the next point on the timeline? A. Lisa, 45, developed a water clean system in 2020. B. Alex, 16, played a chess game with a robot in 2018. C. Abbey, 8, invented the Bacon dish for cooking in 1993. D. Thomas, 19, designed talking gloves for the deaf in 2016. 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学博物馆举办的“历年年轻发明者”主题周展览，以时间线的形式呈现了四位年轻发明者的发明背景与成果，同时标注了展览的地点、开放时间与票价。 【8题详解】 根据原文“Ann Makosinski, 15, invented a special flashlight for her friend who had no electricity to study at night.”以及文章时间线从左到右时间逐渐递增的规律，结合已知Chester Greenwood的发明年份为1873年，且Ann Makosinski的点位在所有已介绍发明者的最右侧（时间最晚），可知她发明特殊手电筒的时间是2013年。 【9题详解】 根据文章中Chester Greenwood的介绍“Chester Greenwood, 15, loved to skate, but his ears got cold. So he bent a wire and covered both ends with soft cloth.”，可知他喜爱滑冰但耳朵会冻冷，因此制作了耳罩来解决自己的这一问题。 【10题详解】 根据展览主题“Young Inventors over Time”可知展览展示的是年轻时进行发明创造的人物，且时间线最右侧的下一个点位的时间需晚于已介绍的最晚发明时间。Thomas 19岁时为聋人设计了会说话的手套，符合年轻发明者的要求，且2016年的时间符合时间线递增的规律，可放在下一个点位。 第二节 语篇理解与推理（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） Do you sometimes find you want to eat chocolate or ice cream very much? Do you then make it but feel guilty about it later? The next time this happens to you, think back if you have had enough sleep over the last 3-5 days. Many adults and even teens have noticed that they crave “midnight snacks” when working or watching TV late. New research shows that lack of sleep could lead us to have an increased appetite (食欲) — especially for the unhealthy kind. Recently, researchers at the University of Chicago carried out a study that clearly shows that a lack of sleep actually changes our brain chemistry! Studies were done on two control groups over four days. Both groups had their food and sleep strictly controlled. All of them received three meals. The only difference was that one group was allowed to sleep for 7.5 hours while the other group slept for a little more than four hours. During the following visit, their sleep patterns were exchanged. After the last night of the session, the volunteers were offered as much food as they wanted to eat. Researchers noticed that in both sessions, people who slept less ate on average 300 calories more than those who had slept more. This was much more calories than what their bodies would need to make up for the three fewer hours of sleep. _________ The researchers then analyzed the chemicals in the blood of the people in the study. What they noticed was surprising. High levels of ghrelin (a chemical that makes us hungry) and lower levels of leptin (the chemical that tells the brain that it is satisfied) were found in the people with less sleep. Even more surprising was that this group had higher levels of endocannabinoids — the same chemical that is caused by drugs. The endocannabinoid system causes a craving for sugar and fatty foods and leads to overeating even when the body is not hungry. This study suggests that sleep changes help produce chemicals in the body that are similar to taking drugs! Furthermore, researchers noticed that food cravings continued for a long period of time, well after the lack of sleep. This increases the risk of over-eating for longer periods, leading to obesity (肥胖). Your body needs 7 — 8 hours of sleep each night. So, the next time you reach for a bag of chips or a slice of decadent cake, think of the amount of sleep you have had recently! 11. The underlined word “crave” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ________. A. hope B. want C. hate D. dislike 12. From the passage, we can learn that ________. A. people feel guilty about eating chocolate B. unhealthy food makes people sleep less and less C. a person’s sleep has nothing to do with his/her appetite D. a study about sleep and obesity was carried out at the University of Chicago 13. What was the key difference between the two control groups in the University of Chicago study? A. The duration of sleep allowed. B. The type of meals they received. C. The timing of their blood tests. D. The environment in which they slept. 14. What might be used to fill in the blank? A. How did they do the experiment? B. What is going on? C. How much should we sleep every day? D. Why should we sleep more? 15. This article is mainly about ________. A. researchers working on people’s sleep B. how people’s sleep influences their appetite C. how much people need to eat after sleeping less D. a research about chemicals in the blood of people 【答案】11. B 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍芝加哥大学的研究表明，睡眠不足会改变人体血液中的相关化学物质水平，提升食欲，让人更渴望摄入不健康的高糖高脂食物，长期睡眠不足还会提升肥胖风险，说明睡眠会对人的食欲产生显著影响。 【11题详解】 第二段中提到：“Many adults and even teens have noticed that they crave ‘midnight snacks’ when working or watching TV late.”，结合上下文，前文提到人们有时会非常想吃巧克力或冰淇淋，后文提到熬夜工作或看电视时的“午夜零食”，可推知crave表达的是强烈的想要、渴望的含义，对应选项B“want”。 【12题详解】 第四段明确提到：“Recently, researchers at the University of Chicago carried out a study...”，且文章后半部分讨论了由此导致的肥胖风险，选项D正确。A项只是引子，不是研究结论；B项因果倒置，是睡眠少导致想吃不健康食物；C项与全文主旨相反。 【13题详解】 第四段明确指出：“The only difference was that one group was allowed to sleep for 7.5 hours while the other group slept for a little more than four hours.”，说明两组之间唯一的区别是允许的睡眠时长（duration of sleep）。 【14题详解】 空格前的段落介绍了实验的分组设置和观察到的“睡眠更少的人摄入热量更多”的现象，空格后开始分析血液中的化学物质、解释该现象背后的原理，因此空格处的过渡句应当是引出对背后原因的探究，“发生了什么（背后的原理是什么）”符合上下文逻辑。A选项实验过程前文已经介绍过，C选项每日睡眠时长、D选项为什么要多睡觉均无法衔接前后内容。故选B。 【15题详解】 全文围绕核心主题“睡眠不足会改变人体化学物质，进而影响人的食欲，让人更渴望摄入不健康食物”展开，A选项仅提及研究者研究睡眠，偏离核心；C选项仅涉及睡眠不足后的进食量，是细节内容；D选项仅提及血液化学物质的研究，是研究的部分内容，均不能概括全文。只有B选项“人的睡眠如何影响食欲”贴合全文主旨。 第三节 逻辑衔接与还原（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面材料，从所给的A—F六个选项中选出正确选项（其中一项是多余选项）。 Artificial intelligence (AI) is used to run online search engines, help doctors find out what sickness people have, and do many other hard tasks. _____16_____ Recently, a band called The Velvet Sundown was revealed (揭露) to have been created using AI. They have more than one million listeners on Spotify every month. But it wasn’t just the music that came from AI. The pictures of the band members and the stories about them were also made up by AI. _____17_____ When they found out, some thought the songs should have been clearly marked as AI-made. So, does it matter if music is created by AI? Yes, it should have a warning. _____18_____ It’s connected to human experiences and emotions, and often carries powerful messages. Music that has been created by a computer just doesn’t have the same depth, so listeners should be told if music is made by AI. _____19_____ Not giving the artists credit when their work has been used is really unfair. Also, AI changes very fast, so it’s important to clearly mark AI-made music. No, it doesn’t matter how music is made. _____20_____ It’s the end result that matters. If people can’t tell that music has been made using AI, then surely it’s just as good as the real thing. AI can also help musicians who don’t have expensive tools. Technology has been used in music for many years. This is simply the next step. If AI music has a warning, should remakes of old songs have warnings too? A. At first, people didn’t know this. B. AI can make life easier, but some people also worry about it. C. As long as people like the way music sounds, does it matter how it was made? D. Creating music with AI makes music more important to people. E. Some artists say their music is used to train AI without asking them first. F. Music is so much more than just a tune and lyrics. 【答案】16. B 17. A 18. F 19. E 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文围绕人工智能（AI）在音乐创作中的应用展开讨论，呈现了支持和反对为AI音乐添加警示标记的两种观点。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Artificial intelligence (AI) is used to run online search engines, help doctors find out what sickness people have, and do many other hard tasks.”可知，此处介绍AI的诸多用途，B项“AI can make life easier, but some people also worry about it.”（AI能让生活更轻松，但有些人也对此表示担忧）承上启下，引出下文关于AI乐队引发的争议，符合语境。 【17题详解】 根据上文“The pictures of the band members and the stories about them were also made up by AI.”可知，乐队成员的照片和故事也都是由AI编造的，再根据下文“When they found out, some thought the songs should have been clearly marked as AI-made.”中的“When they found out”可知，听众起初并不知情，A项“At first, people didn’t know this.”（起初，人们并不知道这一点）承接上文，并与下文“found out”形成呼应，符合语境。 【18题详解】 根据下文“It’s connected to human experiences and emotions, and often carries powerful messages.”可知，此处强调音乐与人类经历和情感相连，F项“Music is so much more than just a tune and lyrics.”（音乐远不止是曲调和歌词）引出下文对音乐深层价值的阐述，符合语境。 【19题详解】 根据下文“Not giving the artists credit when their work has been used is really unfair.”可知，此处在讨论艺术家的作品被使用却未获得署名的问题，E项“Some artists say their music is used to train AI without asking them first.”（一些艺术家说他们的音乐在未经同意的情况下被用来训练AI）引出下文关于对艺术家不公平的论述，符合语境。 【20题详解】 根据下文“It’s the end result that matters. If people can’t tell that music has been made using AI, then surely it’s just as good as the real thing.”可知，此处在表达“重要的是最终结果”的观点，C项“As long as people like the way music sounds, does it matter how it was made?”（只要人们喜欢音乐的听感，它是怎么制作的重要吗）引出下文对最终结果的强调，符合语境。 第二部分 语篇运用（共二节，满分25分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 My mother used to ask me what is the most important part of the body. Through the years, I kept trying to give the correct answer. When I was young, I thought ____21____ was very important to us as humans, so I said, “My ears, Mommy.” She said, “No. Many people are deaf. Keep thinking and I will ask you again.” Several years ____22____, she asked me again. This time I told her, “Mommy, sight is very important to ____23____, so it must be our eyes.” She ____24____ me and told me, “You are learning fast, but the answer is not correct ____25____ there are many people who are blind. Over the next few years, she asked me a few more times, and her answer was always, “____26____, but you are getting smarter every year, my child.” Then last year, my grandpa ____27____. Everybody was hurt and everybody was crying. My mum asked me, “Do you know the most important body part, my dear?” I was greatly ____28____ when she asked me this now. I always thought this was a ____29____ between her and me. She saw the confusion (困惑) on my face and told me, “This ____30____ is very important. It shows that you have ____31____ lived your life.” I saw her eyes fill up with tears. She said, “My dear, the most important body part is our ____32____.” I asked, “Is it because it ____33____ your head?” She replied, “No, it is because it can hold the head of a friend or loved one when they ____34____. Everybody needs a shoulder to cry on sometimes in life, my dear. I only hope that you will have a shoulder to cry on when you need it.” Then and there, I knew the most ____35____ body part is not a selfish (利己的) one, but the one that can show sympathy (同情) to others’ pain. 21. A. sight B. sound C. taste D. sense 22. A. later B. earlier C. ago D. after 23. A. someone B. everyone C. something D. everything 24. A. looked after B. looked around C. looked at D. looked down 25. A. though B. although C. because D. however 26. A. Yes B. No C. None D. Neither 27. A. took away B. put away C. ran away D. passed away 28. A. bored B. surprised C. pleased D. moved 29. A. match B. competition C. game D. contest 30. A. question B. problem C. game D. saying 31. A. probably B. happily C. totally D. really 32. A. shoulders B. eyes C. ears D. heads 33. A. holds up B. grows up C. gives up D. puts up 34. A. sing B. cry C. shout D. smile 35. A. useful B. important C. interesting D. beautiful 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. A 33. A 34. B 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述母亲多年反复问作者人体最重要的部位是什么，最终在爷爷去世的悲伤时刻，母亲告诉作者最重要的部位是肩膀，用来给哭泣的人依靠，懂得对他人抱以同情。 【21题详解】 句意：小时候，我认为声音对我们人类很重要，于是我说：“我的耳朵，妈妈。” 根据文中“My ears, Mommy.”可知，作者觉得与耳朵对应的声音很重要；sound“声音”，和答语耳朵的线索匹配。 【22题详解】 句意：几年之后，她又问了我。 根据文中“she asked me again”可知，此处表达几年过后；later“之后”，符合语境；earlier“更早”，ago“以前”，after“在……之后”，用法不匹配。 【23题详解】 句意：妈妈，视力对每个人都很重要，所以一定是我们的眼睛。 根据文中“so it must be our eyes”可知，作者认为眼睛对所有人都重要；everyone“每个人”，符合语境；someone“某人”，something“某物”，everything“一切”，均不符合语境。 【24题详解】 句意：她看着我，告诉我：“你学得很快，但是答案并不正确，因为有许多人是盲人。” 根据母子对话的场景可知，looked at“看着”，符合语境；looked after“照顾”，looked around“环顾四周”，looked down“向下看”，均不符合对话场景。 【25题详解】 句意：你学得很快，但是答案并不正确，因为有许多人是盲人。 根据文中“the answer is not correct”以 “there are many people who are blind”可知，后句是解释答案错误的原因；because “因为”，逻辑关系相符。 【26题详解】 句意：接下来的几年，她又问过我好几次，她的回答总是：“不对，但是我的孩子，你一年比一年聪慧。” 根据文中“but you are getting smarter every year, my child.”这处转折可以看出，作者依旧没有给出正确答案；No“不对”，符合转折逻辑。 【27题详解】 句意：然后去年，我的爷爷去世了。 根据文中“Everybody was hurt, and everybody was crying.”可知发生了令人悲伤的事；passed away“去世”，和家人们伤心哭泣的情景相符。 【28题详解】 句意：当妈妈这时问我这个问题的时候，我十分惊讶。 上文处在爷爷离世的悲伤场合，母亲却重提旧问题，surprised“惊讶的”，符合作者当下感受。 【29题详解】 句意：我一直以为这是我和她之间的一场游戏。 文中母亲常年反复提问相同问题，更像是一个游戏，game“游戏”，符合语境；match“比赛”，competition“竞赛”，contest“竞赛”，语义过重，不匹配母子之间问答的状态。 【30题详解】 句意：这个问题十分重要。 根据前文母亲反复提问，可知此处指的是“问题”；question“问题”，符合语境；problem“难题”，game“游戏”，saying“谚语”，均不符合。 【31题详解】 句意：它展现了你真正生活过。 上文母亲说这个问题意义重大，此处表达这体现你实实在在活过；really“真正地”，符合语境；probably“大概”，happily“开心地”，totally“完全地”，代入句子语义不通顺。 【32题详解】 句意：我亲爱的孩子，人体最重要的部位是我们的肩膀。 根据后文“it can hold the head of a friend or loved one”以及“Everybody needs a shoulder to cry on”可知shoulders “肩膀”，符合后文线索。 【33题详解】 句意：我问妈妈，是不是因为肩膀能托住我们的头。 根据语境可知，此处it指代的是shoulder；holds up“托起、支撑”，肩膀支撑头部符合常识和字面搭配。grows up“长大”、gives up“放弃”、puts up“举起”常用于挂起物品，均不符合此处“托住头”的含义。 【34题详解】 句意：不是，是因为当人们哭泣时，它可以托住朋友或者所爱之人的头。 根据文中“Everybody needs a shoulder to cry on”可知，cry“哭泣”，符合语境；sing“唱歌”，shout“大喊”，smile“微笑”，均和肩膀用来依靠哭泣的线索不符。 【35题详解】 句意：就在那一刻，我明白了人体最重要的部位不是利己的，而是能够对别人的痛苦给予同情。 全文反复探讨“What is the most important part of the body”这一话题，此处与文章开篇设问形成呼应；important“重要的”，符合语境；useful“有用的”，interesting“有趣的”，beautiful“美丽的”，均和文章核心设问主题不契合。 第二节 语篇填词（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填上适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在相应位置。 It was Friday afternoon. Mrs White came to the kitchen and saw her daughter ____36____ (make) dumplings for dinner. She said to her, “Janet, the dumpling wrappers (皮) you make are too thin. You need ____37____ (add) more dough(面团).” However, Janet wanted to make the dumpling wrappers in her own way. She liked the wrappers to be thin. She ____38____ (fill) the wrappers with some meat and pressed the two sides together. Janet made twelve dumplings. She could even see the meat ____39____ the wrappers. Mrs White told Janet that the wrappers were so thin that they would break, ____40____ Janet didn’t believe her. She thought it would be OK. She began to cook them. First, she heated the oil in the pot. Then, put some water in it. ____41____ (final), she put the dumplings in it. The dumplings looked very delicious! Janet was happy at first, but ____42____ (slow), the dumplings started to break. And the meat came out of the dumplings. The dumpling wrappers also broke into ____43____ (piece). “Oh, no!” Janet thought. “It is ____44____ (bad) than I thought. I won’t enjoy dumplings. I will have to eat the sandwich.” She realized the advice her mother gave her was right. As you can see, sometimes, it’s important for us to listen _____45_____ others. 【答案】36. making 37. to add 38. filled 39. through 40. but 41. Finally 42. slowly 43. pieces 44. worse 45. to 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了珍妮特周五下午跟着妈妈在厨房包饺子时发生的小故事。 【36题详解】 句意：怀特夫人来到厨房，看见女儿正在包饺子准备晚饭。“see sb. doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“看见某人正在做某事”，故填making。 【37题详解】 句意：你需要多加些面团。“need to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“需要做某事”，故填to add。 【38题详解】 句意：她往饺子皮里填了些肉，然后把两边捏在一起。结合上下文时态，此处用一般过去时，fill的过去式为filled，故填filled。 【39题详解】 句意：她甚至能透过饺子皮看到里面的肉。“透过”用介词through，故填through。 【40题详解】 句意：怀特夫人告诉珍妮特饺子皮太薄会破，但珍妮特不相信。“妈妈提醒”与“珍妮特不信”是转折关系，用连词but“但是”，故填but。 【41题详解】 句意：最后，她把饺子放进了锅里。此处需填副词修饰整个句子，final的副词形式为finally“最后”，句首首字母大写，故填Finally。 【42题详解】 句意：珍妮特一开始很开心，但慢慢地，饺子开始破了。空格处需填副词修饰动词“started”，slow的副词形式为slowly“慢慢地”，故填slowly。 【43题详解】 句意：饺子皮也碎成了小块。“break into pieces”是固定短语，意为“碎成碎片”，故填pieces。 【44题详解】 句意：这比我想象的还要糟。根据“than”，用形容词比较级，bad的比较级为worse，故填worse。 【45题详解】 句意：正如你所见，有时候，听从别人的意见对我们来说很重要。根据“it’s important for us to listen”可知，“listen to sb.”是固定短语，意为“听某人说”，故填to。 第三部分 语篇读写（共一节，满分 15 分） 阅读与回答问题 For many foreigners, big cities like Beijing and Shanghai are the places to see the fast development of China. But for Ardle, a British vlogger (视频博主), the Chinese countryside is a better place to see the development of China. Dear Mom, I can’t wait to share my wonderful experiences in the countryside with you. You could not go to the places easily in the past. But now it’s cheap and easy to travel and live in the countryside. The development of the Internet is unbelievable. I needn’t worry that I can’t work or get in touch with you while traveling in the countryside. I really hope to see you in China soon. Yours, Ardle Ardle, 26, has lived in north Inner Mongolia (内蒙古) for five years, teaching English in a primary school in Hohhot (呼和浩特). In his free time, he likes recording his trips to villages and he has posted more than 10 such videos online so far. He said he was greatly amazed at the big changes that had taken place in the villages over the years. In his eyes, the changes are mostly in infrastructure (基础设施), such as roads, the Internet and so on. The changes of the poor population in China since the poverty reduction Ardle thought China’s efforts in poverty reduction (脱贫) led to the great changes in the countryside. “I can’t think of many changes in the world that could be greater than that,” Ardle said. “But when I read the numbers, they didn’t surprise me because I thought when China decides to do something, everybody gets behind it.” 46. Where does Ardle prefer to go to better see China’s development? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 47. According to Ardle, what led to the great changes in the countryside in China? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 48. What information can you know from the graphic (图表)? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 49. What does the underlined sentence mean in this passage? (no less than 20 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 50. After reading the passage, write a short comment on the changes in the Chinese countryside described in the passage. Your comment should include: (1)your opinion; (2)one reason. (about 30 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】46. The Chinese countryside. 47. China’s efforts in poverty reduction. 48. China’s poor population dropped greatly from 2012 to 2020. 49. It means that when China decides to achieve a goal, all the people unite and work together to support it, so great things can be done.  50. I think the great changes in China’s countryside are amazing. Thanks to China’s poverty reduction efforts, countryside transport becomes convenient and the Internet develops rapidly, bringing villagers a better life. 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了英国视频博主Ardle认为中国乡村是观察中国发展的更好窗口，通过他的亲身经历和信件，展现了中国乡村在基础设施、出行等方面的巨大变化，并结合脱贫人口数据图表，体现中国脱贫攻坚的成效。 【46题详解】 第一段指出“But for Ardle, a British vlogger, the Chinese countryside is a better place to see the development of China.”，说明他认为中国乡村是更好的选择。 【47题详解】 原文明确提到“Ardle thought China’s efforts in poverty reduction led to the great changes in the countryside”，说明他认为中国在脱贫攻坚方面的努力带来了乡村的巨变。 【48题详解】 观察折线图，2012贫困人口98.99百万，到2020年降至0，贫困人口数量大幅下降。 【49题详解】 画线句子是“when China decides to do something, everybody gets behind it”，结合上下文可知，Ardle用这句话表达了他对中国执行力的深刻印象。他认为中国一旦确定目标，全社会便会形成合力，共同推动目标的实现。这种团结一致、集中力量办大事的做法，是他眼中中国能够取得巨大发展成就的重要原因。即It means that when China decides to achieve a goal, all the people unite and work together to support it, so great things can be done.  【50题详解】 开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案：I think the great changes in China’s countryside are amazing. Thanks to China’s poverty reduction efforts, countryside transport becomes convenient and the Internet develops rapidly, bringing villagers a better life. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 初二年级英语作业 第一部分 语篇理解（共三节，满分40分） 第一节 信息获取与识别（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分） 1. 结合以下语篇内容，完成小题。 Wool comes from the soft coat of sheep, and people have used it for over 12,000 years. Making wool products, however, takes a lot of work. First, farmers cut the wool off the sheep by hand in spring. Then the wool is washed in water to remove dirt and oil—this process is called scouring. Finally, the wool is made into yarn (纱线) and then into warm sweaters and scarves. 1. Which picture correctly shows “scouring”? A. B. C. D. 结合以下语篇内容，完成小题。 The 2nd Poetry Festival (August 22nd – 24th) Get on the Poetry Bus and enjoy poems! Students from Springleaf Primary School will recite their favourite poems on the bus, and their teachers have prepared different poems according to their tastes. The journey begins at Steinfield Interchange and ends at Winslow Interchange. During the festival, you can also talk with famous poets about the structure of poems and join poetry reading meetings in public libraries. Write an original poem and send it to the Library Board by August 18th. All competitors will receive a free book! 2. When is the festival? A. B. C. D. 3. Where will the Poetry Bus finally stop? A. Springleaf Primary School. B. Steinfield Interchange. C. Winslow Interchange. D. City public library. 结合以下语篇，完成小题。 Every summer, many people like to spend their holidays by the sea. Have you noticed that a cool wind often blows from the sea to the land in the daytime? People call it the sea breeze (海风). During the day, the land gets warm much faster than the sea. The hot air over the land rises up, and the cooler air over the sea moves towards the land to take its place. So the wind blows from the sea to the land. At night, the land cools down faster than the sea. Then the wind changes its direction and blows from the land to the sea. 4. When does the wind blow from the land to the sea? A. In the morning. B. In the daytime. C. At night. D. All day long. 5. Which diagram shows why the sea breeze blows in the daytime? A. B. C. D. 结合以下语篇内容，完成小题。 Do plants “breathe” in water? Yes! Green plants take in air and use light, water and air to make their own food. During this process, they give off a gas. Welcome to the Sunshine Science Club. Let’s do an experiment with hydrilla (黑藻), a common water plant. 1. Put some hydrilla into a jar full of water. 2. Place the jar 10 cm from a lamp and watch the small bubbles (气泡) coming from the leaves. 3. Count the bubbles in one minute and write down the number. 4. Move the jar 20 cm, and then 30 cm away from the lamp. Count the bubbles again each time. What did you find? The closer the jar is to the lamp, the more bubbles appear in a minute. The gas in the bubbles is oxygen (氧气)—the same gas that we need to breathe! 6. Which graph shows the result of the experiment? (distance: 距离) A. B. C. D. 7. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To show why fish need oxygen in the water. B. To explain how plants make food through an experiment. C. To teach students ways to grow water plants at home. D. To introduce different kinds of gases in the air. 8. When did Ann Makosinski invent the special flashlight? A. In 1824. B. In 1873. C. In 1905. D. In 2013. 9. Who invented something to solve his/ her own problem? A. Louis Braille. B. Chester Greenwood. C. Frank Epperson. D. Ann Makosinski. 10. Who can be on the next point on the timeline? A. Lisa, 45, developed a water clean system in 2020. B. Alex, 16, played a chess game with a robot in 2018. C. Abbey, 8, invented the Bacon dish for cooking in 1993. D. Thomas, 19, designed talking gloves for the deaf in 2016. 第二节 语篇理解与推理（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） Do you sometimes find you want to eat chocolate or ice cream very much? Do you then make it but feel guilty about it later? The next time this happens to you, think back if you have had enough sleep over the last 3-5 days. Many adults and even teens have noticed that they crave “midnight snacks” when working or watching TV late. New research shows that lack of sleep could lead us to have an increased appetite (食欲) — especially for the unhealthy kind. Recently, researchers at the University of Chicago carried out a study that clearly shows that a lack of sleep actually changes our brain chemistry! Studies were done on two control groups over four days. Both groups had their food and sleep strictly controlled. All of them received three meals. The only difference was that one group was allowed to sleep for 7.5 hours while the other group slept for a little more than four hours. During the following visit, their sleep patterns were exchanged. After the last night of the session, the volunteers were offered as much food as they wanted to eat. Researchers noticed that in both sessions, people who slept less ate on average 300 calories more than those who had slept more. This was much more calories than what their bodies would need to make up for the three fewer hours of sleep. _________ The researchers then analyzed the chemicals in the blood of the people in the study. What they noticed was surprising. High levels of ghrelin (a chemical that makes us hungry) and lower levels of leptin (the chemical that tells the brain that it is satisfied) were found in the people with less sleep. Even more surprising was that this group had higher levels of endocannabinoids — the same chemical that is caused by drugs. The endocannabinoid system causes a craving for sugar and fatty foods and leads to overeating even when the body is not hungry. This study suggests that sleep changes help produce chemicals in the body that are similar to taking drugs! Furthermore, researchers noticed that food cravings continued for a long period of time, well after the lack of sleep. This increases the risk of over-eating for longer periods, leading to obesity (肥胖). Your body needs 7 — 8 hours of sleep each night. So, the next time you reach for a bag of chips or a slice of decadent cake, think of the amount of sleep you have had recently! 11. The underlined word “crave” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ________. A. hope B. want C. hate D. dislike 12. From the passage, we can learn that ________. A. people feel guilty about eating chocolate B. unhealthy food makes people sleep less and less C. a person’s sleep has nothing to do with his/her appetite D. a study about sleep and obesity was carried out at the University of Chicago 13. What was the key difference between the two control groups in the University of Chicago study? A. The duration of sleep allowed. B. The type of meals they received. C. The timing of their blood tests. D. The environment in which they slept. 14. What might be used to fill in the blank? A. How did they do the experiment? B. What is going on? C. How much should we sleep every day? D. Why should we sleep more? 15. This article is mainly about ________. A. researchers working on people’s sleep B. how people’s sleep influences their appetite C. how much people need to eat after sleeping less D. a research about chemicals in the blood of people 第三节 逻辑衔接与还原（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面材料，从所给的A—F六个选项中选出正确选项（其中一项是多余选项）。 Artificial intelligence (AI) is used to run online search engines, help doctors find out what sickness people have, and do many other hard tasks. _____16_____ Recently, a band called The Velvet Sundown was revealed (揭露) to have been created using AI. They have more than one million listeners on Spotify every month. But it wasn’t just the music that came from AI. The pictures of the band members and the stories about them were also made up by AI. _____17_____ When they found out, some thought the songs should have been clearly marked as AI-made. So, does it matter if music is created by AI? Yes, it should have a warning. _____18_____ It’s connected to human experiences and emotions, and often carries powerful messages. Music that has been created by a computer just doesn’t have the same depth, so listeners should be told if music is made by AI. _____19_____ Not giving the artists credit when their work has been used is really unfair. Also, AI changes very fast, so it’s important to clearly mark AI-made music. No, it doesn’t matter how music is made. _____20_____ It’s the end result that matters. If people can’t tell that music has been made using AI, then surely it’s just as good as the real thing. AI can also help musicians who don’t have expensive tools. Technology has been used in music for many years. This is simply the next step. If AI music has a warning, should remakes of old songs have warnings too? A. At first, people didn’t know this. B. AI can make life easier, but some people also worry about it. C. As long as people like the way music sounds, does it matter how it was made? D. Creating music with AI makes music more important to people. E. Some artists say their music is used to train AI without asking them first. F. Music is so much more than just a tune and lyrics. 第二部分 语篇运用（共二节，满分25分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 My mother used to ask me what is the most important part of the body. Through the years, I kept trying to give the correct answer. When I was young, I thought ____21____ was very important to us as humans, so I said, “My ears, Mommy.” She said, “No. Many people are deaf. Keep thinking and I will ask you again.” Several years ____22____, she asked me again. This time I told her, “Mommy, sight is very important to ____23____, so it must be our eyes.” She ____24____ me and told me, “You are learning fast, but the answer is not correct ____25____ there are many people who are blind. Over the next few years, she asked me a few more times, and her answer was always, “____26____, but you are getting smarter every year, my child.” Then last year, my grandpa ____27____. Everybody was hurt and everybody was crying. My mum asked me, “Do you know the most important body part, my dear?” I was greatly ____28____ when she asked me this now. I always thought this was a ____29____ between her and me. She saw the confusion (困惑) on my face and told me, “This ____30____ is very important. It shows that you have ____31____ lived your life.” I saw her eyes fill up with tears. She said, “My dear, the most important body part is our ____32____.” I asked, “Is it because it ____33____ your head?” She replied, “No, it is because it can hold the head of a friend or loved one when they ____34____. Everybody needs a shoulder to cry on sometimes in life, my dear. I only hope that you will have a shoulder to cry on when you need it.” Then and there, I knew the most ____35____ body part is not a selfish (利己的) one, but the one that can show sympathy (同情) to others’ pain. 21. A. sight B. sound C. taste D. sense 22. A. later B. earlier C. ago D. after 23. A. someone B. everyone C. something D. everything 24. A. looked after B. looked around C. looked at D. looked down 25. A. though B. although C. because D. however 26. A. Yes B. No C. None D. Neither 27. A. took away B. put away C. ran away D. passed away 28. A. bored B. surprised C. pleased D. moved 29. A. match B. competition C. game D. contest 30. A. question B. problem C. game D. saying 31. A. probably B. happily C. totally D. really 32. A. shoulders B. eyes C. ears D. heads 33. A. holds up B. grows up C. gives up D. puts up 34. A. sing B. cry C. shout D. smile 35. A. useful B. important C. interesting D. beautiful 第二节 语篇填词（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填上适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在相应位置。 It was Friday afternoon. Mrs White came to the kitchen and saw her daughter ____36____ (make) dumplings for dinner. She said to her, “Janet, the dumpling wrappers (皮) you make are too thin. You need ____37____ (add) more dough(面团).” However, Janet wanted to make the dumpling wrappers in her own way. She liked the wrappers to be thin. She ____38____ (fill) the wrappers with some meat and pressed the two sides together. Janet made twelve dumplings. She could even see the meat ____39____ the wrappers. Mrs White told Janet that the wrappers were so thin that they would break, ____40____ Janet didn’t believe her. She thought it would be OK. She began to cook them. First, she heated the oil in the pot. Then, put some water in it. ____41____ (final), she put the dumplings in it. The dumplings looked very delicious! Janet was happy at first, but ____42____ (slow), the dumplings started to break. And the meat came out of the dumplings. The dumpling wrappers also broke into ____43____ (piece). “Oh, no!” Janet thought. “It is ____44____ (bad) than I thought. I won’t enjoy dumplings. I will have to eat the sandwich.” She realized the advice her mother gave her was right. As you can see, sometimes, it’s important for us to listen _____45_____ others. 第三部分 语篇读写（共一节，满分 15 分） 阅读与回答问题 For many foreigners, big cities like Beijing and Shanghai are the places to see the fast development of China. But for Ardle, a British vlogger (视频博主), the Chinese countryside is a better place to see the development of China. Dear Mom, I can’t wait to share my wonderful experiences in the countryside with you. You could not go to the places easily in the past. But now it’s cheap and easy to travel and live in the countryside. The development of the Internet is unbelievable. I needn’t worry that I can’t work or get in touch with you while traveling in the countryside. I really hope to see you in China soon. Yours, Ardle Ardle, 26, has lived in north Inner Mongolia (内蒙古) for five years, teaching English in a primary school in Hohhot (呼和浩特). In his free time, he likes recording his trips to villages and he has posted more than 10 such videos online so far. He said he was greatly amazed at the big changes that had taken place in the villages over the years. In his eyes, the changes are mostly in infrastructure (基础设施), such as roads, the Internet and so on. The changes of the poor population in China since the poverty reduction Ardle thought China’s efforts in poverty reduction (脱贫) led to the great changes in the countryside. “I can’t think of many changes in the world that could be greater than that,” Ardle said. “But when I read the numbers, they didn’t surprise me because I thought when China decides to do something, everybody gets behind it.” 46. Where does Ardle prefer to go to better see China’s development? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 47. According to Ardle, what led to the great changes in the countryside in China? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 48. What information can you know from the graphic (图表)? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 49. What does the underlined sentence mean in this passage? (no less than 20 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 50. After reading the passage, write a short comment on the changes in the Chinese countryside described in the passage. Your comment should include: (1)your opinion; (2)one reason. (about 30 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $